CN104429751A - Organic selenium-enrichment rice planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice comprises the following steps: (1) EM original dew, brown sugar or molasses, and water are mixed and sealed to cultivate a mother liquor, and the mother liquor is mixed with an organic fermentation material and sealed to ferment to obtain an EM organic fermented fertilizer; (2) ) Mix silicon fertilizer with dry fine soil, then mix with EM organic fermented fertilizer, and apply it to the field before plowing the field; (3) Soak and sow EM original dew; (4) Use EM original dew dilution as weaning fertilizer (5) Select strong seedlings for transplanting, and when plowing the field, sprinkle EM original dew dilution; (6) EM original dew soaking seedling roots; (7) Rice bran control grass; (8) Seedling transplanting After planting and turning green, use the EM original dew dilution for topdressing, one of which is sprayed from the beginning of earing stage to the full earing stage, and add selenium-enriching agent to the EM original dew dilution. The planting method has the advantages of simple operation, high yield, organic and environmental protection, and can effectively prevent and control diseases, insect pests and weeds. The rice obtained by the method has the advantages of high selenium content, good quality and high edible safety.

Description

Planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice

technical field

The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a method for planting organic selenium-enriched rice.

Background technique

Jurong, Jiangsu has a large area of land, and its ecological environment is superior. The quality of air, water, and soil have been tested by the quality supervision department, which is in line with the production of organic rice. In order to further upgrade the production of organic rice, in recent years, we have studied the production of organic selenium-enriched rice.

Organic selenium-enriched rice is to use selenium-enriched technology to make rice contain selenium while producing organic rice. The reasons for studying the cultivation of organic selenium-enriched rice are: first, selenium-rich; second, high quality; third, health care and disease prevention; fourth, safety and high efficiency.

The so-called selenium enrichment means that the selenium content of the produced rice is significantly higher than that of ordinary rice, and the selenium content is as high as 200 μg/kg or more, which is 7-9 times that of ordinary rice.

The so-called high quality means that selenium can affect the level of certain organic compounds in plants to a certain extent, thereby further effectively improving the quality of organic rice, increasing the protein and most amino acid content in rice, and increasing the brown rice rate and polished rice rate of rice. , while the broken rice rate and chalky rice rate are reduced, the rice grains are translucent, shiny, sticky and tasty after cooking, and have a good taste.

The so-called health care and disease prevention means that since selenium was recognized, its health care value has been paid more and more attention by people. As the staple food of the world's population, rice is the main source of selenium for the human body. The increase in the selenium content of rice can directly improve the nutritional status of selenium in the human body, effectively solve the problem of insufficient selenium intake in the human body in low-selenium areas, and has the function of health care and disease prevention. Prevention and treatment of some human diseases associated with selenium deficiency.

The so-called safe and efficient means that with the intensification of environmental pollution and the significant changes in people's lifestyles and dietary patterns, the nutritional imbalance of mineral elements has become an important factor affecting human health. According to reports, 48 countries in the world are deficient in selenium, and about 1 billion people in two-thirds of China have selenium deficiency in varying degrees. There are two ways for the human body to supplement selenium: drug supplementation and food chain supplementation. Drug selenium supplementation is expensive and difficult to implement; natural selenium-enriched food produced by the food chain is recognized as the safest and most effective way to supplement selenium, and the purpose of safely and efficiently supplementing human organic selenium can be achieved by eating selenium-enriched rice.

Enriching rice with selenium is not difficult. The difficulty lies in producing selenium-enriched rice while ensuring that the planting process is organic and environmentally friendly. This has been a problem that has plagued us for a long time.

Organic rice cultivation is a planting method that uses high-quality rice varieties, follows the principle of sustainable development, and adopts a series of rice cultivation techniques in accordance with ecological principles and under high-quality environmental quality conditions. Since no chemical pesticides, chemical fertilizers and growth regulators are used in the production process, there are difficulties in the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds. resulting in low yields. Taking hybrid rice as an example, the average harvest is less than 150kg/667m ² , and the yield reduction will exceed 30%.

Weed control is the first major problem in organic rice cultivation.

Not only is the problem particularly serious, but there are no proper methods of control. Commonly used methods: one is manual weeding, that is, the use of manual weeding, which has a large workload and high cost; the other is the method of raising ducks for weeding, that is, using the symbiosis of rice and ducks to control the occurrence of weeds in the field. Duck species with strong ability, co-breeding with rice simultaneously, stocking 10-15 juvenile ducks/667m ² of 12 days old, surrounded by nylon nets as 1m high fence, equipped with duck sheds, appropriate amount of feed at the right time, This method of driving ducks away from the field when rice is earing is not simple and difficult to operate.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is the second biggest problem in organic rice cultivation.

The most common pests and diseases of rice are rice planthopper, rice leaf roller, rice stem borer, rice blast, sheath blight and so on. At present, there are still no corresponding effective control measures, and the following prevention and control methods are mainly adopted to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases: one is to use black light to lure moths, and use the phototaxis of adults to trap and kill moths with black light lamps during the blooming stage of adults. A black light lamp can control the rice area of 4hm ² , and cleaning the light box once a day can control most of the adult insects; the second is to spray the biological pesticide BT preparation and Jinggangmycin preparation to prevent diseases and treat insects; the third is to control the rice planthopper by raising ducks. Control the occurrence and damage of planthoppers. When rice planthoppers migrate and land, ducks are stocked, and 10-15 ducks/667m ² are stocked in rice fields for more than 7 days in a row. It can kill weeds while removing rice planthoppers; 4. Yes, the application of bio-control modes such as the integration of rice lights and ducks and the full coverage of insect-proof nets, give full play to the ducks eating grass and eliminating insects, trapping and killing insects with lights to provide bait for ducks, and the insect-proof nets comprehensively defend against rice planthoppers and rice leaf rollers. Give full play to the respective strengths of various measures, so that rice planthoppers, rice leaf rollers, sheath blight and other pests and diseases can be better controlled; fifth, use existing natural enemies (spiders, parasitic wasps, frogs, etc.) to control pests population size for biological control. All these methods are not only complicated, but also the diseases and insect pests may not be able to be effectively controlled, so there is still a certain cultivation risk for organic rice cultivation.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice with simple operation, high yield, organic environmental protection, and effective prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds. The rice produced by this method has high selenium content and high quality. Good, high food safety advantages.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice, comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of EM organic fermented fertilizer

Mix EM original dew, brown sugar or molasses, and water at a mass ratio of 1:1:100-200, and culture in a closed container for 48-72 hours to obtain the mother liquor, and mix the mother liquor and organic fermentation material at a mass ratio of 1:4.9-4.95 Proportional mixing, adjusting the water content to the extent that it is kneaded into a ball by hand, and then fermented in an airtight manner for 4-10 days to obtain the EM organic fermented fertilizer. The organic fermented material includes organic waste and vegetables with a specific gravity of 20-25%. Seed cake or bean cake, wherein rapeseed cake or bean cake has been crushed in advance;

(2) Daejeon application of basal fertilizer

Mix silicon fertilizer and dry fine soil evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:4-5, and then evenly mix in EM organic fermentation fertilizer to make base fertilizer. The amount of silicon fertilizer per mu of field is 6-12kg, EM organic fermentation The amount of fertilizer used is 100-500kg, and the base fertilizer is applied to the field 10-15 days before plowing the field, and the plow is evenly plowed by 10-20cm;

Before applying basal fertilizer, remove weeds and residues in the field to reduce the number of weeds and pests in the field, and then apply basal fertilizer;

(3) Seed soaking and sowing in EM original dew

Before soaking the seeds, choose a sunny day to dry the seeds for 1-2 days, turn them 3-4 times a day, soak and disinfect the sun-dried seeds with 100-300 times the EM original dew dilution, and germinate after the seeds absorb enough water. The germination standard is broken The chest is exposed and white, sow the germinated seeds evenly in the seedling field, and the seeding rate is 2.5-3kg/667m ² ;

Before sowing, the seedling field should be prepared first. When preparing the land, add 90-110kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu of seedling field, rake and mix well with the soil of the seedling field, and then scoop out the mud and fill the seedling tray. , and then sow evenly;

(4) Weaning fertilizer and wedding fertilizer

During the growth of seedlings, use 500-800 times the dilution of EM original dew as weaning fertilizer and fertilizer for weaning. Weaning fertilizer is sprayed once and sprinkled on the seedlings from the stage of 1 leaf and 1 needle to the stage of 2 leaves and 1 needle. Spray once and sprinkle on the seedlings one day before transplanting, and the amount of weaning fertilizer and grafting fertilizer is not limited. Spray on the front and back sides of the leaves until the leaves are sprayed and the liquid does not drip; (5) Plow the field and transplanting

Select seedlings with a seedling age of 15-20 days, 3-4 leaf age, thick and flat stem base, green leaves, white roots, short and strong plants, and no pests and diseases for transplanting;

Before transplanting rice seedlings, plow the field first to make the soil soft, activate the plow layer, and muddy the field. When plowing the field, sprinkle 500-1000 times the dilution of EM original dew on the field. The amount of EM original dew per mu of field 1kg;

(6) Seedling roots soaked in EM original dew

Before transplanting, soak the seedlings with 400-800 times the dilution of EM original dew for 3-5 minutes;

(7) Rice bran control grass

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, the rice bran is sprinkled in the paddy field according to the addition amount of 60-120kg/667m ² , and then flooded with 2-4cm shallow water so that the rice bran evenly covers the paddy field for 6-8 days;

(8) Foliar fertilization

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, spray 250-800 times of EM original dew dilution solution on the leaves for topdressing every 7-10 days. The spraying amount is 50-70kg/667m ² . Spray from the beginning of earing stage to the full earing stage, and add 200-500ml of selenium-rich agent to the 250-800 times of the EM original dew dilution.

The above steps (3)-(4) are the seedling field processing part; (1)-(2), (5)-(8) are the field processing part. In the present invention, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned steps are not sequenced, but the specific rice planting process is used for operation.

The organic waste is selected from animal manure, plant stalks, plant stems and leaves, grain bran, melon and fruit peels, vegetable leaves, vegetable peels, kitchen dregs, leftovers or mixtures thereof that are abundant in local resources according to local conditions. The EM organic fermented fertilizer can be sealed and stored for about 3 months, and the production and fermentation time of the EM organic fermented fertilizer is adjusted according to the ambient temperature, such as 10 days of fermentation in winter and 4 days of fermentation in summer.

The silicon fertilizer is quick-acting silicon fertilizer, which is _sodium silicate, also known as water glass, and is a mixture of various sodium silicates.

EM is the abbreviation of English (Effective Microorganisms), translated into Chinese as "effective microbial group". A multi-functional active bacterial agent formed by compound culture. The EM original dew used in the present invention is a plant-specific EM original dew, and the dilution solvent used for the EM original dew dilution is water.

The selenium-enriching agent is the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in the Chinese invention patent with the application number 201410419091.2 and the invention title "Selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer and its preparation method and use", which has been approved by Bengbu Kangse Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. Mass production.

The rice bran is also called rice bran, fine bran, a by-product or leftovers of the milling process.

For the sake of concise description, the planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice described in the present invention is referred to as this method for short.

The main effect of applying EM original dew in this method is:

(1) The effect of EM original dew dilution on soaking seeds and soaking seedling roots:

Because its flora and secretions can synthesize growth factors such as various amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics, antioxidants and physiologically active substances, it can play the role of neat germination and strong germ radicle, and can inhibit the invasion of mold.

(2) The effect of EM original dew dilution as a foliar fertilizer sprayed on rice leaves:

It can not only promote the respiration and metabolic function of rice leaf mesophyll cells, increase the chlorophyll content of rice, promote the vegetative growth of rice, thereby increasing the yield; but also strengthen the protective film of rice leaf surface cells to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.

(3) The effect of applying EM organic fermented fertilizer:

Not only because the EM flora can decompose macromolecular organic matter into small molecular substances that are more easily absorbed by plants and animals, which increases the ratio of available nutrients in the soil around plant roots, thereby increasing the microbial biomass of farmland soil and increasing the microbial biomass of farmland soil. Therefore, the number of soil microfauna (such as beneficial mites, earthworms and beetles) that feed on microorganisms and their decomposition products is increased by several times or ten times; The entire rice root layer micro-ecosystem is rich in composition, complex in structure, and stable in function, which improves the biological activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and stably occupies the ecological niche in the soil, thereby effectively inhibiting the invasion and development of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil. , to reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and in the process of decomposing organic matter, a large number of disease-resistant factors are also produced, which can have a strong antagonistic effect on pests and diseases, thereby inhibiting or causing lethal effects on pests and diseases, and has a certain effect on weeds. Obvious inhibitory effect, after 2-3 days of use, weeds in the field can be seen to be significantly reduced.

The main effect of applying silicon fertilizer in this method is:

Silicon is an important nutrient element in the composition of plants, and is listed as the fourth largest nutrient element after nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by the international soil community. The application of silicon fertilizer has 9 major effects on rice: ① Silicon fertilizer is beneficial to improve the photosynthesis of crops The action and chlorophyll content make the stems and leaves straight and promote the accumulation of organic matter; ② silicon fertilizer can increase the mechanical strength of crop straws, improve lodging resistance, and make the stems straight, which is conducive to dense planting; ③ silicon fertilizers can improve crops’ resistance to pests and diseases It can reduce the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests. After the crop absorbs silicon, it will form silicified cells in the crop body, which will thicken the cell wall on the surface of the stem and leaf, increase the cuticle, and form a solid protective layer, making it difficult for insects to bite. Difficult to invade, especially the resistance to rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, stem rot, smut, stem borer, rice planthopper, aphid and other pests and diseases; ④Silicon fertilizer enhances the aeration of crops , can prevent root rot and premature aging, and thus play an important role in the prevention and treatment of rice root rot; ⑤Silicone fertilizer can effectively regulate the closure of leaf stomata, inhibit water transpiration, and enhance crop resistance to drought, dry and hot wind, cold resistance, and low temperature resistance Ability: ⑥Silicon fertilizer can not only reduce the fixation of phosphate fertilizer in the soil, activate the phosphorus in the soil and promote the absorption of lin by the root system to improve the utilization rate of lin fertilizer, but also strengthen the absorption and utilization of calcium and magnesium, and can well regulate the crop's response to nitrogen Balanced absorption of nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium, so it is also called "plant regulating fertilizer"; Inhibit soil bacteria, resist heavy cropping, and reduce heavy metal pollution; ⑧Silicon fertilizer, also known as "quality fertilizer", can improve the quality of rice, making the stem green seeds yellow, with good taste and good commerciality; ⑨Silicon fertilizer can enhance the vitality of rice pollen, which can significantly Improve seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight.

The main effect of using selenium-rich agent in this method is:

The application of selenium-enriching agents is not only the need for selenium-enriching rice, but also can increase the yield to a certain extent, improve the quality of rice, and reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, and lead on rice. Because selenium has antioxidant properties, it can remove excess free radicals and prevent peroxidation. Within a certain range of selenium concentration, the content of malondialdehyde in rice, the production rate of oxygen free radicals and the production of other free radicals all increase with the concentration of selenium. Therefore, the rice has functions such as disease resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, frost resistance, and drug damage.

The main effect of applying rice bran in this method is:

One is, because the rice bran is easily decomposed by microorganisms, and produces a large amount of carbon dioxide and consumes a large amount of oxygen in about 7 days, making the soil in a reducing state, thereby hindering the germination, rooting and growth of weeds; The production of low-level organic acids inhibits the rooting and germination of weeds, and burns the root tips and heart leaves; the third is that the ethylene (C2H4) gas produced by the decomposition of rice bran can also inhibit the growth of roots, stems and lateral buds of weeds; the fourth is , Shallow plowing with rice bran also forms a sticky soft mud layer on the surface, and this layer of sticky soft mud layer has special weed-inhibiting activity.

In addition, rice bran also has a certain fertilizer effect. According to testing, the N, P, and K percentages of the rice bran are 1.82, 4.56, and 1.3 in sequence. If 70kg/ ^667m2 of rice bran is used, 70kg of rice bran contains about N 1.27, P 3.19, and K 0.95. Calculated by superphosphate and potassium sulfate, it is equivalent to 2.76kg of urea, 66.1kg of superphosphate and 2.29kg of potassium sulfate.

In summary, this method successfully applied the "rice chaff control technology" combined with the application of "silicon fertilizer, EM original dew, and selenium-enriched agent fitness cultivation technology to control disease and insect pests", so that it can avoid pesticides, fertilizers and hormones. With the use of environmentally friendly raw materials, rice diseases, insect pests and weeds are effectively controlled, rice lodging resistance is improved, rice plants obtain better vegetative growth, and the growth progress is accelerated, which greatly increases rice yield and brown rice selenium content, and improves The rice milling quality, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality of rice have been improved, and the food safety of rice has also been greatly improved. In addition, the method is simple to operate, easy to implement and highly effective.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:

The place of implementation of the following examples: Organic Rice Demonstration Base of Nanjing Xingguangyuan Trace Element Applied Technology Research Institute in Jurong, Jiangsu; implementation time: April-October, 2013; rice variety for testing: Wankennuo No. 1 (Wanken species industry); silicon fertilizer was purchased from Wuxi Zhanwang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; rice bran was purchased from Nanjing Farmer’s Market; the selenium-enriching agent is a Chinese invention with the application number 201410419091.2 and the invention name “Selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer and its preparation method and application” The selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer described in the patent has been mass-produced by Bengbu Kangse Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; EM original dew was purchased from Jiangxi Tianyi Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

Example 1

The planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of EM organic fermented fertilizer

Mix EM original dew, brown sugar, and water in a mass ratio of 1:1:100, and culture in a sealed container for 60 hours to obtain the mother liquor. Mix the mother liquor and organic fermentation material in a mass ratio of 1:4.9, and adjust the moisture content to hand The EM organic fermented fertilizer is obtained after being kneaded into a ball to the extent that it is scattered on the ground, and then fermented in an airtight manner for 7 days. The organic fermented material includes organic waste and 20% rapeseed cake, wherein the rapeseed cake has been crushed in advance, The organic waste is a mixture of animal manure and plant stalks; (2) applying basal fertilizer to the field

Mix silicon fertilizer and dry fine soil evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and then evenly mix in EM organic fermented fertilizer to make base fertilizer. The amount of silicon fertilizer per mu of field is 9kg, and the amount of EM organic fermented fertilizer is 300kg, apply the base fertilizer to the field 10 days before plowing the field, and plow 15cm evenly;

Before applying basal fertilizer, remove weeds and residues in the field to reduce the number of weeds and pests in the field, and then apply basal fertilizer;

(3) Seed soaking and sowing in EM original dew

Before soaking the seeds, choose a sunny day to dry the seeds for 1 day, turn them 4 times a day, soak and disinfect the sun-dried seeds with 300 times the EM original dew dilution, and germinate after the seeds absorb enough water. The seeds are evenly spread in the seedling field, the seeding rate is 2.5kg/667m ² ;

Before sowing, first prepare the seedling field. During the land preparation, add 100kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu of seedling field, rake and mix well with the seedling field soil, then scoop out the mud and fill the seedling tray, pave and arrange it, and then Evenly sow;

(4) Weaning fertilizer and wedding fertilizer

During the growth of the seedlings, use 500 times the dilution of EM original dew as the weaning fertilizer and the weaning fertilizer. Spray the weaning fertilizer once and sprinkle it on the seedlings from the stage of 1 leaf and 1 needle to the stage of 2 leaves and 1 needle, and spray the weaning fertilizer 1 time and spray on the seedlings one day before transplanting, and the amount of weaning fertilizer and dowry fertilizer is not limited. Spray on the front and back sides of the leaves until the leaves are wet and the liquid does not drip;

(5) Plowing the field and transplanting

Select seedlings with a seedling age of 17 days, 3 leaf ages, thick and flat stem bases, green leaves, multi-colored white roots, short and strong plants, and no pests and diseases for transplanting;

Before transplanting rice seedlings, plow the field first to make the soil soft, activate the plow layer, and muddy the field. When plowing the field, sprinkle 750 times the dilution of EM original dew on the field. The amount of EM original dew per mu of field is 1kg ;

(6) Seedling roots soaked in EM original dew

Before transplanting, soak the seedling root with 400 times of EM original dew dilution for 5 minutes;

(7) Rice bran control grass

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, the rice bran is sprinkled in the paddy field according to the addition amount of 90kg/667m ² , and then flooded with 4cm shallow water to make the rice bran evenly cover the paddy field for 7 days;

(8) Foliar fertilization

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, spray 500 times of EM original dew dilution solution on the leaves every 8 days for topdressing. The spraying amount is 60kg/667m ² . Spray, and add 350ml of selenium-enriching agent in the 500-fold dilution of EM original dew.

Example 2

The planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of EM organic fermented fertilizer

Mix EM original dew, molasses, and water in a mass ratio of 1:1:150, and culture in a sealed container for 72 hours to obtain the mother liquor. Mix the mother liquor and organic fermented material in a mass ratio of 1:4.95, and adjust the moisture content to hand The EM organic fermented fertilizer is obtained after being kneaded into a ball to the extent that it falls apart on contact with the ground, and then fermented in an airtight manner for 4 days. The organic fermented material includes organic waste and bean cakes with a proportion of 23%, wherein the bean cakes have been crushed in advance, and the organic waste It is a mixture of grain bran, melon peel, vegetable leaf, vegetable peel and kitchen dregs;

(2) Daejeon application of basal fertilizer

Mix silicon fertilizer and dry fine soil evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and then evenly mix in EM organic fermented fertilizer to make base fertilizer. The amount of silicon fertilizer per mu of field is 6kg, and the amount of EM organic fermented fertilizer is 500kg, apply the base fertilizer to the field 15 days before plowing the field, and plow 10cm evenly;

Before applying basal fertilizer, remove weeds and residues in the field to reduce the number of weeds and pests in the field, and then apply basal fertilizer;

(3) Seed soaking and sowing in EM original dew

Before soaking the seeds, choose a sunny day to dry the seeds for 2 days, turn them 3 times a day, soak and disinfect the sun-dried seeds with 200 times the EM original dew dilution, and germinate after the seeds absorb enough water. The seeds are evenly sown in the seedling field, and the seeding rate is 3kg/667m ² ;

Before sowing, first prepare the seedling field. When preparing the land, add 90kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu of seedling field, rake and mix it with the seedling field soil, and then scoop out the mud and fill the seedling tray. Evenly sow;

(4) Weaning fertilizer and wedding fertilizer

During the growth of the seedlings, use 650 times the dilution of EM original dew as the weaning fertilizer and the weaning fertilizer. Spray the weaning fertilizer once and sprinkle it on the seedlings from the stage of 1 leaf and 1 needle to the stage of 2 leaves and 1 needle, and spray the weaning fertilizer 1 time and spray on the seedlings one day before transplanting, and the amount of weaning fertilizer and dowry fertilizer is not limited. Spray on the front and back sides of the leaves until the leaves are wet and the liquid does not drip;

(5) Plowing the field and transplanting

Select seedlings with a seedling age of 15 days, 4 leaf ages, thick and flat stem bases, green leaves, multi-colored white roots, short and strong plants, and no pests and diseases for transplanting;

Before transplanting rice seedlings, plow the field first to make the soil soft, activate the plow layer, and muddy the field. When plowing the field, sprinkle 500 times the dilution of EM original dew on the field. The amount of EM original dew per mu of field is 1kg ;

(6) Seedling roots soaked in EM original dew

Before transplanting, soak the seedling root with 600 times of EM original dew dilution for 3 minutes;

(7) Rice bran control grass

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, the rice bran is sprinkled in the paddy field according to the addition amount of 120kg/667m ² , and then flooded with 3cm shallow water so that the rice bran evenly covers the paddy field for 6 days;

(8) Foliar fertilization

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, spray 800 times of EM original dew dilution solution on the leaves every ⁷ days for topdressing. Spray, and add 200ml of selenium-enriching agent to the 800-fold dilution of the original EM solution.

Example 3

The planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of EM organic fermented fertilizer

Mix EM original dew, brown sugar, and water at a mass ratio of 1:1:200, and culture in a sealed container for 48 hours to obtain the mother liquor. Mix the mother liquor with organic fermentation material at a mass ratio of 1:4.95, and adjust the moisture content to hand The EM organic fermented fertilizer is obtained after being kneaded into a ball to the extent that it is scattered on the ground, and then sealed and fermented for 10 days. The organic fermented material includes organic waste and 25% rapeseed cake, wherein the rapeseed cake has been crushed in advance, The organic waste is a mixture of plant stems and leaves, vegetable leaves and vegetable peels;

(2) Daejeon application of basal fertilizer

Mix silicon fertilizer and dry fine soil evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and then evenly mix in EM organic fermented fertilizer to make base fertilizer. The amount of silicon fertilizer per mu of field is 12kg, and the amount of EM organic fermented fertilizer is 100kg, apply the base fertilizer to the field 13 days before plowing the field, and plow 20cm evenly;

Before applying basal fertilizer, remove weeds and residues in the field to reduce the number of weeds and pests in the field, and then apply basal fertilizer;

(3) Seed soaking and sowing in EM original dew

Before soaking the seeds, choose a sunny day to dry the seeds for 2 days, turn them 3 times a day, soak and disinfect the sun-dried seeds with 100 times the EM original dew dilution, and germinate after the seeds have absorbed enough water. The seeds are evenly sown in the seedling field, and the seeding rate is 2.7kg/667m ² ;

Before sowing, first prepare the seedling field. During the land preparation, add 110kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu of seedling field, and rake and mix it with the seedling field soil. Evenly sow;

(4) Weaning fertilizer and wedding fertilizer

During the growth of the seedlings, use 800 times the dilution of EM original dew as the weaning fertilizer and the weaning fertilizer. The weaning fertilizer is sprayed once and sprinkled on the seedlings from the stage of 1 leaf and 1 needle to the stage of 2 leaves and 1 needle, and the weaning fertilizer is sprayed. 1 time and spray on the seedlings one day before transplanting, and the amount of weaning fertilizer and dowry fertilizer is not limited. Spray on the front and back sides of the leaves until the leaves are wet and the liquid does not drip;

(5) Plowing the field and transplanting

Select seedlings with a seedling age of 20 days, 4 leaf ages, thick and flat stem bases, green leaves, multi-colored white roots, short and strong plants, and no pests and diseases for transplanting;

Before transplanting rice seedlings, plow the field first to make the soil soft, activate the plow layer, and muddy the field. When plowing the field, sprinkle 1000 times the dilution of EM original dew on the field. The amount of EM original dew per mu of field is 1kg ;

(6) Seedling roots soaked in EM original dew

Before transplanting, soak the seedling roots with 800-fold dilution of EM original dew for 4 minutes;

(7) Rice bran control grass

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, the rice bran is sprinkled in the rice field according to the addition amount of 60kg/667m ² , and then flooded with 2cm of shallow water to make the rice bran evenly cover the rice field for 8 days;

(8) Foliar fertilization

After the seedlings are transplanted and turned green, spray 250 times of EM original dew dilution solution on the leaves for topdressing every 10 days. The spraying amount is 70kg/667m ² . Spray, and add 500ml of selenium-enriching agent in the 250 times of the EM original dew dilution.

There are several considerations during the implementation of the above embodiment:

1. To implement the organic certification of origin and products

The site selection and environmental quality of the production site meet the requirements of the 2012 edition of the "Organic Products" national standard, and the inputs used should meet the conditions in Appendix A of the 2012 edition of the "Organic Products" national standard. Within the scope of the documented organic management system, including organic production and processing , business location map, management manual, operating procedures, system records, etc.

2. Select high-quality, high-yielding, disease- and insect-resistant rice varieties to facilitate disease and insect resistance

Select good varieties with high quality, strong adaptability, strong disease and insect resistance, good stress resistance, strong tillering ability, large ears, nutrient-rich, and good commerciality. For example, in Jiangsu and Anhui, the variety "Wankennuo 1" is very good.

At the same time, it is necessary to gradually introduce new high-quality and high-yield rice varieties, and invest in organic rice production, such as "upland rice 906", "Wankennuo 2" and so on. They were highly praised at the 2014 Wanken Seed Industry New Rice Variety Observation and Promotion Conference. Among them, the upland rice 906 has almost no rice false smut and rice blast in this year's catastrophic year with cloudy and rainy days and high incidence of rice diseases and insect pests. At least 600kg/667m ² . The growth of Wankennuo 2 is gratifying. Under the low temperature and low light conditions this year, not only did no diseases and insect pests occur, but it also has lodging resistance, strong tillering ability, large ears and full grains, and high yield. The yield per unit area reached 650kg/667m ² . In addition, there are "Xinliangyou 318", "Wuyugeng 18", "Zhongwuyungeng 27", "Nangeng 5055" and other varieties to choose from.

3. Spread rice bran evenly after the seedlings survive to control weeds

One of the conditions is that the seedlings survive, the second of the conditions is that the rice bran is spread evenly, and the third of the condition is that the field is required to keep a 2-4cm shallow water layer for 6-8 days when the rice bran is spread.

4. Use clean water for irrigation and scientific water use to control pests and weeds and achieve high yields

First of all, the quality standard of irrigation water must meet the requirements of organic rice production, domestic sewage and industrial water cannot be used to irrigate the fields, and single-row single-irrigation should be achieved.

Secondly, because sheath blight, rice blast and other diseases and insect pests are more likely to occur under high temperature and high humidity, water accumulation in the field should be avoided. In terms of water layer management, shallow water irrigation should be the main method, that is: water for flower irrigation during the transplanting period, and shallow water irrigation for the effective tillering period after turning green to increase the ground temperature, promote rice tillering and panicle formation, and achieve early closure and water control. Grass, use water to promote seedlings, use seedlings to press grass, and use water to adjust fertilizer. In the later stage, dry, dry and wet intermittent irrigation is used to maintain roots and leaves, and strive for high yield.

Example 4

Effect comparison experiment:

The experiment was arranged in random blocks, and each treatment was repeated twice. The plots were separated by ridges, and an independent drainage and irrigation system was built. The area of the plot was 66.7m ² . The experiment set up a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was treated according to the planting method of organic selenium-enriched rice provided in Example 1; the control group did not use the rice bran control grass technology and the silicon fertilizer, EM original dew, and selenium-enriched body-building cultivation techniques, that is: ① no silicon fertilizer and EM Organic fermented fertilizer, the base fertilizer used is the same organic fermented material as in Example 1 that has not been fermented with EM original dew; ② soaking seeds in clear water, soaking seedling roots in clear water; ③ not using EM original dew dilution as weaning fertilizer and sending fertilizer ; 4. did not splash the EM original dew dilution when leveling the field surface; 1.36, so 90kg of rice bran contains about N 1.63, P 4.10, and K 1.22, so the corresponding amount of urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and other chemical fertilizers are used to supplement fertilizers); Apply selenium-enriching agent. Other measures are with embodiment 1.

The rice in the treatment group and the control group were sown on 4-24, transplanted on 5-26, the row-to-plant spacing was 25cm×13cm, 22,000 holes/667m ² , and the basic seedlings were 6-80,000/667m ² .

1) Effect of surface application of rice bran on weed control

In order to prevent and control weeds in the field, we tried rice husk weeding method before, that is, evenly spread rice husk 150kg/667m ² on the field, and kept about 3cm shallow water for 7 days. It was found that although the effect of weed control was good, the effect was not good. This method was abandoned for this reason. After changing the rice husk to rice bran and reducing the amount appropriately, it was found that the effect of controlling weeds was significantly improved, so rice bran was finally selected to prevent and control weeds. The experimental results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

It can be seen that the total plant control effect and fresh weight control effect of rice bran treatment on weeds showed good control effects on sedge, bermudagrass, and spinach. The heavy control effect is also above 70%, 80%.

2) The effect of preventing and controlling pests and diseases

The experimental results are shown in Table 2:

Table 2

Note: 5 points were selected according to the diagonal line in the experimental area; sampling capacity: 5 points were selected for each point, and a total of 25 points were selected for investigation.

3) Improve the effect of lodging resistance

The experimental results are shown in Table 3: the treatment group is mainly manifested in four aspects affecting the growth of rice plants to the improvement of rice lodging resistance: the first is to shorten the length of the second and third internodes; the second is to thicken the main stem; the third is to increase the length of functional leaves Width; the fourth is to reduce the angle between the sword leaf and the main stem.

table 3

4) The effect of accelerating the progress of childbearing and early maturation

The experimental results are shown in Table 4: the growth progress of rice in the treatment group was accelerated. The growth period is advanced 7 days, the tillering stage is advanced 3 days, the jointing stage is advanced 3 days, the heading stage is advanced 3 days, and the rice matures 7 days earlier.

Table 4

5) Effect of increasing rice yield and selenium content in brown rice

The experimental results are shown in Table 5: the tillering rate of rice in the treatment group increased by 0.6%, the seedlings were neat, full, strong, and growing, the seedlings were dark green, the ear length increased by 0.6cm, the thousand-grain weight increased by 1.0g, and the number of grains per ear was 3 more. The yield increased by 77.9kg/667m ² , and the selenium content of brown rice was 8.95 times that of the control group.

table 5

6) The effect of improving rice milling quality and appearance quality

The experimental results are shown in Table 6: The organic selenium-enriched rice produced by the treatment group also has a certain effect on improving the quality and appearance of rice milling. The brown rice rate increased by 2 percentage points, the polished rice rate increased by 2.1 percentage points, and the chalky rice rate decreased by 1.6 percentage points.

Table 6

7) The effect of improving the cooking and eating quality of rice

The experimental results are shown in Table 7: the cooking and eating quality of rice are closely related to amylose content, gel consistency and protein. Table 7 shows that the gel consistency of organic selenium-enriched rice has increased by 1mm, that is, the softness has increased; the protein has increased 0.328%, indicating that the taste of rice is improved; the amylose content is reduced by 0.8%, which means that the viscosity of rice is enhanced. These changes all indicated that the cooking and eating quality of rice were improved.

Table 7

Looking at the above results, it can be seen that the present invention has successfully applied the rice bran paddy field weed control technology combined with the application of silicon fertilizer, EM raw dew, and selenium-enriched fitness cultivation to control disease and pests for the production of organic selenium-enriched rice. Not only has organic selenium-enriched rice been produced, but pests and diseases have been effectively controlled, lodging resistance has been improved, growth progress has been accelerated, rice yield and selenium content in brown rice have been greatly increased, and rice milling quality and appearance quality have been improved. Excellent cooking and eating quality. The embodiment of the invention has reasonable combination, applicable method and high effectiveness.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention within.

Claims (1)

1. the implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM

By former for EM dew, brown sugar or molasses, water in mass ratio 1:1:100-200 ratio mixing, namely airtight cultivation obtains mother liquor in 48-72 hours, the ratio of mother liquor and organic fermentation material 1:4.9-4.95 is in mass ratio mixed, after adjustment moisture to hand pinches agglomerating namely loose degree of contacting to earth, namely the organic fermentation of obtained described EM was fertile in 4-10 days for sealed fermenting, described organic fermentation material comprises colza cake or the soya-bean cake of organic waste and 20-25% proportion, and wherein colza cake or soya-bean cake are in advance through pulverization process;

(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing

The ratio uniform of siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth 1:4-5 is is in mass ratio mixed and stirred, evenly mix makes base manure in the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM again, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is the fertile usage amount of the organic fermentation of 6-12kg, EM is 100-500kg, before ploughing whole land for growing field crops, base manure is imposed on land for growing field crops in 10-15 days, evenly turn over plough 10-20cm;

Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are removed, to reduce weeds in field and sick worm radix, then apply base manure;

(3) the former dew retting kind of EM and sowing

Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 1-2 days, every day stirs 3-4 times, by the seed that the shone EM former dew dilution soaking disinfection with 100-300 times, suction after moisture until seed and carry out vernalization, vernalization standard shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for breaking chest, and by seed uniform broadcasting good for vernalization in rice seedling bed, seeding quantity is 2.5-3kg/667m ²;

Before sowing, first carry out whole to rice seedling bed, during whole ground, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 90-110kg become thoroughly decomposed through stack retting, and harrows rotten mixing thoroughly with rice seedling bed earth, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more evenly to sow;

(4) execute wean fertilizer and send and transfer fertilizer

Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with the former dew dilution of the EM of 500-800 times in seedling growth process, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time and splashes in rice shoot in 1 leaf 1 pin phase leaf 1 pin phase to 2, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and within first 1 day, splash in rice shoot in rice transplanting, and wean is fertile and send the consumption of transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade liquid;

(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting is ploughed

Choose 15-20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 3-4 leaf ages, stem foot slightly flat, leaf endure that look green, root polychrome is white, plant short strong, without the strong seedling transplanting of damage by disease and insect;

Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field is rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, the former dew dilution of EM of 500-1000 times of splashing to land for growing field crops, the former dew usage amount of EM in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg;

(6) EM former dew retting bubble seedling root

Seedling root is soaked 3-5 minutes with the former dew dilution of the EM of 400-800 times before transplanting;

(7) rice chaff control grass

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, by rice chaff by 60-120kg/667m ²addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 2-4cm shallow water and make 6-8 days, rice chaff uniform fold rice field;

(8) foliar application

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, to spray with the former dew dilution of EM of 250-800 times every 7-10 days and topdress in blade face, the amount of spraying 50-70kg/667m ², spray 3-5 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in fringe phase beginning, and convert in the former dew dilution of EM of described 250-800 times and add 200-500ml selenium-rich agent.