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CN104429033B - 使用非均匀星座的编码和调制装置 - Google Patents

使用非均匀星座的编码和调制装置 Download PDF

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CN104429033B
CN104429033B CN201380036487.2A CN201380036487A CN104429033B CN 104429033 B CN104429033 B CN 104429033B CN 201380036487 A CN201380036487 A CN 201380036487A CN 104429033 B CN104429033 B CN 104429033B
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twenty
qam
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CN104429033A (zh
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纳比勒·洛金
扬·策尔纳
洛塔尔·斯塔德尔迈耶
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Sony Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/35Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
    • H03M13/356Unequal error protection [UEP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/25Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/007Unequal error protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071Use of interleaving
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0008Modulated-carrier systems arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/38Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)

Abstract

提出了一种编码和调制装置以及方法。装置(10)包括将输入数据编码成单元字的编码器(11)以及将所述单元字调制成非均匀星座的星座值的调制器(12)。调制器(12)被配置成基于星座的星座点的总数M、信噪比SNR(单位为dB)、以及信道特征使用星座组中的非均匀星座,星座组包括由星座位置矢量u1...v所限定的一个或多个预定星座,其中,v=sqrt(M)/2‑1。

Description

使用非均匀星座的编码和调制装置
技术领域
本公开涉及编码和调制装置及方法。进一步地,本公开涉及发送装置和方法。更进一步地,本公开涉及计算机程序和非瞬时性计算机可读记录介质。
背景技术
除其他元件之外,现代通信系统通常采用编码和调制装置(作为发送装置的一部分)以及解码和解调装置(作为接收装置的一部分)。编码和调制装置通常是所谓的BICM(比特交织编码调制)装置的一部分,BICM装置通常包括(在发送器一侧)串行级联的FEC(前向纠错)编码器、比特交织器、以及调制器,调制器使用诸如多级PAM(脉冲振幅调制)、PSK(相移键控)、或者QAM(正交振幅调制)的频谱高效调制。应注意,在下文中,当提及QAM时,其应被理解为覆盖PAM、PSK以及QAM的一般术语。
BICM由于使用交织器(interleaver)和/或FEC编码器而运行在非衰落信道和衰落信道上的良好性能。其具有与多级编码(MLC)编码方案相对的合理解码复杂度并且由此频繁地用于通信系统中,诸如,所有的DVB系统、电力线通信(例如,家庭插电AV、DAB、LTE、WiFi等)。
通常,诸如使用BICM装置的系统中的BICM能力(capacity,容量)的编码和调制能力被视为目标函数,并且希望找出最佳星座点,从而使通常经历功率归一化的该能力最大化,即,例如,星座点的平均功率应被归一化成1。
本公开中所提供的“背景技术”描述仅出于整体呈现本公开的背景的目的。当前称为发明人的工作到在该背景技术部分中所描述的程度以及在提交时可能不符合现有技术的描述的各方面既不明确地也不默示地被视为与本公开相对的现有技术。
发明内容
目的是提供一种提供增强或者甚至最大化编码和调制能力的编码和调制装置及方法。进一步的目的是提供解调和解码装置及方法以及用于实现所述方法的相应计算机程序和用于实现所述方法的非瞬时性计算机可读记录介质。
根据一方面,提供了一种编码和调制装置,包括:
-编码器,将输入数据编码成单元字(cell word);以及
-调制器,将单元字调制成非均匀星座的星座值;
其中,所述调制器被配置成基于星座的星座点的总数M、信噪比SNR(单位为dB)、以及信道特征使用星座组中的非均匀星座,星座组包括如在权利要求1中详细描述的由星座位置矢量u1…v所定义的一个或多个星座,其中,v=sqrt(M)/2-1。
根据进一步的方面,提供了一种发送装置,包括:
-本文中所提出的将输入数据编码并调制成星座值的编码和调制装置;
-转换器,将所述星座值转换成待发送的一个或多个传输流;以及
发送器,发送一个或多个传输流。
根据相应方法的更进一步方面,提供了一种计算机程序,该计算机程序包括用于使计算机执行本文中所公开的编码和调制方法的步骤的程序器件(means),当在计算机以及存储计算机程序产品的非瞬时性计算机可读记录介质上执行所述计算机程序时、所述计算机程序产品在由处理器执行时,使得执行本文中所公开的编码和调制方法。
在从属权利要求中限定了优选实施方式。应当理解的是,所要求保护的方法、所要求保护的计算机程序、以及所要求保护的计算机可读记录介质具有与在从属权利要求中所要求保护和所限定的装置相似和/或相同的优选实施方式。
本公开的一个方面在于所使用的星座的星座点并不位于具有等距符号的规则栅格内,而是根据信道特征(例如,由于AWGN(加性高斯白噪声)、衰落等而产生的信道转移概率(transition probability))位于最佳位置上。此外,根据SNR(信噪比)和所使用星座的星座点的希望总数选择所使用的星座。下面将说明如何找出并且优化这些非均匀星座(下面称为NUC)的方法。
应注意,对于每个M-QAM,人们还可以想到基础(underlying)sqrt(M)-PAM。0此外,应注意,就其他方面而言,权利要求中所限定的星座组包括较少的星座,例如,仅用于非衰落信道的星座、仅用于衰落信道的星座、仅用于所选值M的星座、仅用于M-QAM或者sqrt(M)-PAM的星座和/或用于较少SNR值的星座。换言之,可供调制器使用的星座组中可包含较少的星座,即,可供调制器使用的星座组可包括权利要求中限定的一个或者多个星座。因此,本公开还涉及这样一种编码和调制装置及方法,即,具有可供使用的更小星座组的并且使用(如上所述)较少的星座和/或特定值M可使用较少的星座。
应进一步注意的是,对于M的某些值,假定相同的选择参数(例如,相同SNR值)(其中可选择调制),对于衰落信道存在两种选项的星座并且对于非衰落信道存在两种选项的星座。两种选项(被称为选项1和选项2)是由于编码和调制容量的单独优化而产生的。因此,例如,基于期望的能力,调制器可根据选项1或者选项2从星座中选择星座,其中,根据选项2的星座通常提供略微较高的容量。
然而,本公开中所考虑的QAM星座的星座点并不位于具有等距符号的规则栅格内,而是根据信道特征(例如,由于AWGN、衰落等而产生的信道转移概率)位于最佳位置处。
应当理解的是,本公开的上述一般性描述和下列详细描述均为示例性的,而且并不是限制本公开。
附图说明
当通过结合附图参考下列详细描述时,比较容易获得对本公开及其提供的许多优点的更为完整的认识,并且更容易理解本公开及其优点,其中:
图1示出了根据本公开的编码和调整装置的实施方式,
图2示出了根据本公开的发送装置的实施方式,
图3示出了根据本公开的通信系统的实施方式,
图4示出了作为星座的简单实例的规则4-QAM星座,
图5示出了描绘在10dB和30dB SNR处的1维BICM容量函数的积分(integrant)的示图,
图6示出了8-PAM非均匀星座和64-QAM非均匀星座,
图7示出了整体限定星座点的64-QAM非均匀星座的星座,以及
图8显示了示出非均匀N2-QAM星座的性能的示图。
具体实施方式
现参考附图,其中,类似的参考标号表示贯穿几幅图的相同或者相应的部件,图1示出了根据本公开的编码和调制装置10的实施方式。其包括将输入数据编码成单元字的编码器11和将所述单元字调制成非均匀星座的星座值的调制器12。所述调制器12被配置成基于星座中的星座点的总数M、信噪比SNR(单位为dB)、以及信道特征使用(并且,优选地,提前选择)星座组中的非均匀星座,星座组包括由星座位置矢量u1…v所限定的预定星座,其中,v=sqrt(M)/2-1。下面将获取并且示出这些预定星座。
在编码和调制装置10的其他实施方式中,可设置另外的元件,诸如,BCH编码器、LCPC编码器、比特交织器和/或分路器(用于将编码数据的比特分路成单元字)。这些元件中的某些或者全部可以是单独的元件或者可以是编码器11的一部分。例如,在DVB系统的发送装置中经常使用的BICM设备可被用作编码和调制装置10。
图2示出了根据本公开的发送装置20的实施方式,发送装置20包括本公开中所提出的将输入数据编码并调制成星座值的编码和调制装置21(在图1中由10表示)、将所述星座值转换成待发送的一个或多个发送流的转换器22、以及发送所述一个或多个传输流的发送器23。在示例性实施方式中,转换器22可包括例如在关于DVB的各种标准中所描述的如访问时间、单元和/或频率交织器、帧创建器、OFDM调制器等的一个或多个元件。星座和星座值通常是预定的,例如,存储在星座存储器24中或者从外部来源进行检索。
在发送装置20的其他实施方式中,可设置另外的元件,诸如,在DVB系统的发送装置中经常使用的输入处理单元、帧创建单元和/或OFDM生成单元。
图3示出了根据本公开的通信系统30的实施方式,通信系统30包括图2中所示的一个(或多个)发送装置20(Tx)和一个或多个接收装置40、40’(Rx)。
接收装置40通常包括接收一个或多个传输流的接收器41、将接收的一个或多个传输流逆转换成星座值的逆转换器(deconverter)42、以及将所述星座值解调并且解码成输出数据的解调和解码装置43。解调和解码装置43通常包括用于将非均匀星座的星座值解调成单元字的解调器44和用于将单元字解码成输出数据字的解码器45,其中,基于星座的星座点的总数M、信噪比(dB)、以及信道特征,使用星座组中的非均匀星座,星座组包括与编码和调制装置10中使用的相同的预定星座。
优选的解调和解码将软值(soft value)视为与硬决策值(0和1)相反。软值表示多于两种状态(如二进制(硬)决策情况)的连续分布的接收值(可能在包括量化的A/D转换之后)。原因在于对于硬决策,NUC通常不是最佳的。现在,总之,BICM接收器通常是软接收器。
通常,数据(例如,通信数据、广播数据等)通过传输信道50、50’从发送装置20传输至一个或多个所述接收装置40。传输信道50、50’可以是单播信道、多播信道、广播信道并且可被用作单向信道或者双向信道(即,具有从接收装置至发送装置的返回信道)。
在实施方式中,调制器12被配置成基于星座的星座点的总数M、用于无错解码所需的信噪比SNR(单位为dB)、以及信道特征选择和使用非均匀星座。在广播应用中,通常不是根据接收器中的SNR而是根据利用所使用的信道编码(如果使用编码,例如,DVB第2代生成传输系统情况下的LDPC编码)在无错解码时所需的SNR来选择星座,以实现期望的信道特征,例如,静态接收或者多径衰落。
通常,根据期望的载荷吞吐量以及FEC编码器的码率(code rate)选择星座点的总数M。例如,通过模拟通常可知典型信道特征的无错解码的SNR。在广播中,接收器的特征是未知的,即,选择折衷。例如,在广播中,对于FEC编码器的每个码率选择一个针对作为对所有信道特征的折衷的SNR而优化的非均匀的星座。
发送器通常瞄准特定情景。例如,通过电缆或者卫星的广播传输将信道视为仅是非衰落的AWGN(合适的信道模型),而陆地广播器通常将信道视为衰落信道(例如,具有瑞利分布),因为通常接收若干次回波(echo)。
在另一实施方式中,调制器12被配置为基于星座的星座点的总数M、信噪比SNR(单位为dB)、以及信道特征适应性地(adaptively)选择和使用非均匀星座,其中,从接收设备40(数据发送至其)接收所述信噪比SNR(单位为dB)和信道特征。星座的这种适应性选择通常仅在具有返回信道的单播环境中可行。例如,可在时域和/或频域内为不同的OFDM子载波适配非均匀的星座。
根据SNR,可选择M的最佳值和FEC编码器的码率,FEC编码器提供最高吞吐量(相当于CB)。换言之,对于较大的SNR,选择较高的M值,从而导致较高的数据吞吐量(反之亦然)。
例如,信道特征描述了发送器与接收器之间的传输信道的多径传播的范围内的信道的统计特性。如果信道的特征在于没有多径传播、对应于AWGN信道,则无错解码所需的SNR相对较低,即,相应地选择NUC以实现最佳性能。如果传输信道的特征在于较强的多径传播,则相比较于没有多径传播的信道,无错接收所需的SNR较大,即,必须使用优化的NUC以实现更高的SNR。此外,如下所述,将考虑衰落特征对NUC进行优化。
如上所述,根据希望的载荷吞吐量选择星座的星座点的数目M。较大的M值允许较高的数据吞吐量,但是,需要更大的SNR以实现无错接收。如果使用任一FEC编码器,则进一步受FEC编码器的码率的影响。
另一种解释(与本公开的优化任务密切相关)是对于每个SNR,提出用于不同的M的优化星座。优化目标是BICM容量。对于期望的SNR,应保证15dB的SNR,选择M,相应优化的NUC产生最大的BICM容量。作为一般规则,认为对于较低的SNR,应选择较低的M值,反之亦然。但是,就理论层面而言,发现较高的M通常是最佳的,例如,优选为选择M=4096或者M=1024,因为即使对于较低的SNR,优化的NUC“(几乎)看起来像”具有高效较小M的星座,因为几个点重叠。然而,随着M增加,调制和解调复杂度增加,因此,不得不考虑权衡。
如上所述,已知通信系统在其他块中经常采用还可用作根据本公开的编码和调制装置的所谓BICM装置。通过BICM容量CB描述有关BICM装置的最大可能容量:
其中,I表示星座点的第i个比特标记(bit label),并且m是比特/QAM符号点的总数。总之,QAM星座由M=2m个星座点组成,每个均被分配有特定的比特标记(00…00,00…01,…,11...11)。在(1)中,E[.]表示期望算子,p(rk)是所接收的符号的概率密度函数(pdf),sk是根据特定比特标记的发送符号,k是离散时间(或者OFDM调制情况中的子载波指数),xl是该组中所有星座符号的特定符号,该组由(=符号字母表,且基数M=2m)表示。
p(rk|sk=xl)是给定发送sk=xl的事实时接收rk的似然函数(转移概率–由信道特征定义)。子集包括中的所有符号,其中,第i个比特标记是b(b=0或者b=1)。
如(1)中所示,CB是2维积分。如果仅考虑可被分离成两个1维PAM星座的星座,则比较容易理解
CB(2-dim.)=2×CB(1-dim.) (2)
此处,所有调查的信道包括AWGN(仅在衰落信道之后)。通过信噪比SNR(通常,单位为dB)对此进行描述:
SNR=10*log10(Es2), (3)
其中,Es是QAM星座的平均符号功率(power)(通常,被归一化为1),并且σ2是加性高斯白噪声(其被假设为零平均值)的方差(=功率)。
在(2)中,CB(1-dim.)的1维考虑使用N-PAM星座,如果仅采取同相位或者正交相位上相应的投影,则其仅具有符号功率的一半。然而,如果再次考虑功率归一化为1,则噪声方差增至2倍。因此,为了更加精确,下列给出了根据本公开考虑的优化过程的目标函数
CB(2-dim.at SNR x)=2×CB(1-dim.at SNR x/2), (4)
其中,1维PAM具有归一化的功率1,因此,仅是上述所解释的SNR的一半(此处是绝对值,即,单位不是dB)。还根据(1)计算1维BICM容量,其中,2维积分变成1维积分,且 为实数集。
对等式(4)进行优化,给定所有自由度,即,基础1-维星座的星座点经历功率约束,即
例如,从图4中可以看出,规则的4-QAM由星座点(ejπ/4、ej7π/4、e3π/4、ej5π/4)组成。平均符号功率是1(所有符号均在单位圆内)。上述符号矢量(ejπ/4、ej7π/4、e3π/4、ej5π/4)应被理解为使得第一条目(ejπ/4)属于比特矢量00,第二条目(ej7π/4)属于01等,即,所有条目属于具有增加值的比特矢量,其中,第一比特位置是最为重要的比特(MSB)并且最后一个是最不重要的比特(LSB)。4-QAM是N2-QAM的具体情况,且N=2。应注意,该定义(作为N2-QAM的)不仅需要N2为平方数(N2=22),而且星座是对称并且可被描述为两个独立的N-PAM星座,此处,2-PAM:同相位分量(复数符号的实部)是具有符号矢量(1/sqrt(2),-1/sqrt(2))的2-PAM并且描述了4-QAM的第一比特,而正交相位分量(复数符号的虚部)是相同的2-PAM,这描述了4-QAM的第二比特。应进一步注意,仅在根据二进制反射的格雷映射(其通常应用于(例如,DVB系统))来标记比特时,将N2-QAM分解成两个N-PAM才是可以的。
上述实例可被扩展至高阶N2-QAM,且M>2。下面N-PAM描述了第1个、第3个、第5个等比特标记的一个分量,并且描述了第2个、第4个、第6个等标记的其他分量。
星座成形通常是已知的并且具有悠久的历史。只有在近几年,才对星座进行了研究,从而使BICM容量CB最大化。在[6]中,作者提出启发式解决方案以通过将基础PAM强制为接近高斯形式来使CB最大化(从Shannon的容量理论可熟知,AWGN信道的最佳星座应具有高斯分布;应注意,这就是指存在具有高斯分布的无限数目的连续分布输入信号,即,具有较小功率的符号应比具有较大功率的符号出现地更为频繁)。没有证明这可以使CB最大化,确实,根据该方法设计的NUC不能最大化CB。所产生的NUC通常不是N2 NUC,即,2维NUC被优化,而非基础PAM。然而,在N.Muhammad,“Coding and modulation for spectral efficienttransmission”,Ph.D.dissertation,Stuttgart,Institut für Nachrichtenübertragung,Pfaffenwaldring 47,70569 Stuttgart,Germany,June 2006中,第一时间星座相对于目标函数CB被直接优化。对于此方法,与当前方法存在两种差异:
●为M=8、16和32提出M-NUC。因为优化非常耗时并且优化算法在数值上不稳定,所以没有研究高阶NUC。
●优化算法是手写的梯度搜索算法,其中,BICM容量及其梯度由不适当的积分构成。没有考虑有关不适当积分或者有问题积分的数值解决方案的特殊因素。这两个问题的考虑因素对获得高阶星座的结果必不可少。
如上所述,当解决优化时引起两种问题:
a)不正确的积分:积分边界选择;以及
b)积分。
对于问题a)(不正确的积分:积分边界选择),从等式(1)可以看出,BICM容量涉及从-无穷大至+无穷大的积分(=不适当的积分)。该积分的任何数值解决方案必须考虑诸如从–b至+b的有限积分边界,且b足够大。Matlab提供了有关数值积分的、甚至有关不适当积分的若干种函数,诸如,总部优化适当的积分边界b的函数“quad”。然而,已经观察到即使这些函数也引起数值不稳定性并且并不能以正确的积分结束。
可观察到,如果变量rk足够大(b→无穷),则(1)中的积分接近0。因此,原始解决方案是逐步增加变量rk,直至积分落在一定阀值以下(如10-300或者如果其甚至变成精确的0)并且选择该值为积分边界b。然而,进一步观察到,如图5A和图5B中所描述的两种实施例可以看出,即使对于较大的变量,在其收敛至0之前,该积分可采用较小的值;图5B中所示的绘图是1维BICM容量函数的积分,如果使用规则的32-PAM,在10dB SNR时,则考虑图5A中所示的30 dB绘图。
注意,对于30dB,在间隔[-2,2]中出现了许多非常小的积分值并且在该间隔中将误导任何优化的积分边界。因此,提出找出最佳(=数值上正确的)积分边界b,如下:
i)以较大正值S开始,通过衰减量(decrement)D反复减少该值,使用该值计算积分作为变量rk,直至计算出该积分的第一非零值。如果在rk=0之前可找出任何非零积分,则再次以更大的初始值S开始(如比之前大10倍)并且减少D(如减少10倍)以具有更大的搜索间隔和更精密的粒度。
ii)因为这项研究是耗时的,所以提出根据SNR调整初始值S和衰减量D。如果σ2是1维映射的噪声方差(见等式(3)),则选择良好的折中方案S=4000*σ2并且D=50*σ2
关于问题b)(积分),进一步观察到,BICM容量积分的积分可引起较大SNR值的数值不稳定性。从等式(1)可以看出,积分由包括诸如下列等项(term)的总和构成
x*log(x)、x*log(1/x)或者x*1/log(x)。
例如,x的值是转移概率p(rk|s_k=xl)、或者pdf、或者包括其部分。如果SNR非常大,则x的值变得愈小(甚至接近0),因为pdf通常对应于高斯分布。因此,可能出现下列极限值:
lim{x→0}x*log(x)、lim{x→0}x*log(1/x)或者lim{x→0}x*1/log(x)。
应注意,在理论上,每个极限值均收敛于0(见洛必达法则),但是,在数值计算中,将出现诸如+或者–无穷大或者NaN(“不是数字”)的值。因此,提出如下情形:在每个要素的计算过程中(即,(1)中的积分的每个相加),如果其为有限的(否则为无穷或者NaN),则对该值进行检查,并且在其不是有限的情况下,以0替代。只有这样,才可获得可靠的积分结果。
基于上述考虑因素,N2-NUC已经被优化为一种实施方式,且N2为16、64、256、1024(1k)、4k、16k、64k、256k、以及1024k。这就是指使用基础1维PAM的目标函数CB,并且优化(PAM的实数值星座点)的自由度。应注意,PAM仅具有N=sqrt(N2)的自由度(例如,64-NUC基于8-PAM)。由于对称性,负星座值与其正的相对部分相同,因此,仅保持N/2自由度。最后,由于功率归一化(5),所以损失一个或者多个自由度。因此,可通过仅考虑3个自由度(“dof”,即,优化变量)来优化64-NUC。
所呈现的优化优选地基于用于约束的非线性优化的Matlab的fmincon函数:目标函数是BICM容量,约束条件如下:
-所有dof(自由度)>0;
-当据此创建N-PAM时,所有dof需要完成功率归一化;
-dof必须按照升级排序。
函数fmincon需要对dof进行初始化设置,其中,采用规则的值,即,均匀星座,但是,可对其施加随机突变。应注意,所产生的值仍按照升序,否则,不能再完成格雷比特标记。通过其自由度描述NUC,例如,优化用于SNR=11.5 dB的AWGN信道的64-NUC产生下列值(优化的自由度):
2.2794 4.6229 7.5291。
这意味着正星座值如下:
1 2.2794 4.6229 7.5291
(由于功率归一化,1是多余的,在结束时施加1)。由此通过符号矢量(1.64051.00730.21790.4967-1.6405-1.0073-0.2179-0.4967)描述基础1维8-PAM NUC,其中,值已被归一化成单位平均功率。
如上所述,第一条目(1.6405)对应于比特标记000,下一个(1.0073)对应于001等。然后,通过对称获得2维64-NUC,其中,NUC的同相位和正交相位分量基于8-PAM NUC。
图6描绘了8-PAM NUC(图6A)和64-QAM NUC(图6B)。以整数给出了比特标记(000→0、001→1、010→2等)。
下面将更为详细地说明基于最佳自由度的2维NUC的创建。
因为NUC的性能取决于其优化的SNR,所以优选地根据(FEC)码率完成全面选择以实现最佳性能。如果已知信道特征,则通过模拟可确定FEC收敛所需的SNR值。然后,选择针对SNR值进行优化的NUC以实现最佳性能。如果接收器处的SNR低于SNR解码阀值,则该星座不是最佳的。然而,因为BICM容量太低以至于无论如何不能成功解码,所以这不是缺陷。另一方面,如果接收器处的SNR明显比解码阀值更高,所以即使NUC在SNR范围内不是最佳的,然而,可使用足够量的BICM容量实现成功解码。因此,需要针对在FEC的瀑布区(即,用于(准)无错解码的解码阀值)处的SNR值优化NUC。因为瀑布区的SNR值取决于FEC的码率,所以为每个码率选择不同的NUC。
用于(准)无错解码的SNR值还取决于接收器的信道特征。例如,AWGN信道中用于DVB-T2 LDPC编码的无错解码所需的SNR为0.8 dB,其中,在格雷P1多径信道中需要2.5 dB。因此,为每个码率所选择的NUC在所有信道环境中不是最佳的并且在适合网络中所有(或者大部分)用户的广播环境中需要权衡。在具有返回信道的点到点网络中,可基于在接收器中的测量信道特征选择最佳的NUC。
目前,不存在用于衰落信道的最佳星座。如果发送器没有任何信道状态信息(CSI),但是,接收器具有完美的CSI(例如,由于基于导频的信道估测),则平均BICM是目标函数(其需要针对设计用于衰落信道的NUC进行优化)。如果有关一个QAM符号的衰落值的幅度表示为h(例如,对于OFDM情况下的特定时间点和/或特定子载波),则瞬时BICM容量是所谓的CB(h)并且对等式(1)赋予acc.。应注意,现在,(1)中的pdf和转移概率与纯AWGN信道不同。例如,在AWGN情况下,由具有零平均值和方差σ2的高斯分布给出似然函数p(rk|sk=xl)。现在,对于具有值h的衰落,该分布仍是具有零平均值的高斯,但是,具有瞬时方差σ2/h2
通过衰落幅度h的格雷分布给出用于衰落统计的良好模型。因此,h的pdf如下:
p(h)=h/σh 2*exp(-h2/(2*σh 2)), (6)
其中,σh 2是格雷分布的方差。对于无源信道(即,平均既不削弱也不放大信号),σh 2=1/2。这意味着衰落信道的平均SNR与非衰落信道的平均SNR相同。
现在,下面给出了有关许多信道实现的平均BICM通量
即,作为h的函数的瞬时BICM容量必须乘以h的pdf(见(6))并且在所有可能的衰落幅度(0…无穷大)上积分。
再次,必须解决不适当的积分。这次,(7)中的积分由于h的pdf而收敛于0。发现(7)中积分的足够大的上极限由38给出,与瞬时容量CB(h)无关。这能够加快(7)的优化。下面将显示有关N2-NUC的结果,N2=16、64、256、1024(1k)、4096(4k)、以及16384(16k)。
关于NUC的选择(已经针对静态信道进行了描述)的相同原理也适用于经历衰落信道的接收器,例如,便携式或者移动接收器。但是,因为在衰落信道中,接收器中的SNR由于信道的衰落影响而变化,所以NUC不能始终以最佳SNR操作。通常,当在未针对其进行初始优化的SNR处使用时,相比较于针对非衰落信道优化的NUC,针对衰落信道优化的NUC运行地更好,即,它们在更广的SNR区域上运行地更好。而且,发现针对格雷衰落信道优化的NUC对于例如具有赖斯分布、具有多于一个的回波分量(例如,TU6信道)、或者具有相关性的时间和频率选择性衰落的大部分衰落信道都是良好的。这是因为优化考虑了若干信道情形/实现的平均水平。
在下文中,提供了有关非均匀QAM星座的定义的某些更多的解释。应使用非均匀QAM星座对每个输入单元字(y0,q...ym-1,q)进行调制(即,提供给调制器)以在归一化之前给出星座点zq,其中,m对应于每个QAM符号的比特数应注意,此处所使用的有关离散时间或者子载波指数的参数q对应于上述所使用的参数k。下表中给出了相关输入比特y0…m-1,q的每个组合的实部分量Re(zq)和虚部分量Im(zq)的值,各个星座尺寸取决于NUC位置矢量u1...v(其定义非均匀星座的星座点位置)。由定义NUC位置矢量u的长度。
在一种实例中,由NUC位置矢量(u1...3)=(2,5,6)和输入单元字(y0,q...ym-1,q)=(100111)所限定的64-QAM NUC的相应星座点zq为Re(zq)=-u2=-5并且Im(zq)=u1=2。图7中示出了该NUC位置矢量的完整星座,且对应的星座点处标记了示例性的输入单元字。
所产生的非均匀星座的星座映射(也被称为加标记)遵循二进制反射的格雷映射(加标记),即,相邻的星座点仅一个比特不同。星座点zq的功率被归一化,因此,归一化化星座点fq的期望值等于1,即,E(|fq|2)=1。例如,均匀的16-QAM星座的标准化星座值fq的结果为图8显示了示出非均匀N2-QAM星座的性能的示图。
下表定义了星座位置矢量(在功率归一化之前)以及将数据单元字至星座点的比特标记。
16-QAM的实部的星座映射
16-QAM的虚部的星座映射
64-QAM的实部的星座映射
64-QAM的虚部的星座映射
256-QAM的实部的星座映射
256-QAM的实部的星座映射
1024-QAM的实部的星座映射
1024-QAM的虚部的星座映射
4096-QAM的实部的星座映射
4096-QAM的虚部的星座映射
在下面,提供了通过使用上述所述解决方案所获得的NUC位置矢量的定义。信噪比(SNR)始终以dB表示并且对应于衰落信道情况下的平均SNR。
a1)用于非衰落信道的16-QAM或者4-PAM(选项1)
SNR 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
u1 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.1550 1.6201 1.9580 2.2633 2.5594 2.8411 3.0980 3.3357 3.5294 3.6712 3.7520
SNR 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5
u1 3.7812 3.7480 3.6736 3.5998 3.5184 3.4446 3.3818 3.3239 3.2786 3.2407 3.2109 3.1793 3.1581 3.1390
SNR 14 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0
u1 3.1219 3.1078 3.0964 3.0819 3.0774 3.0665 3.0579 3.0528 3.0485 3.0423 3.0411 3.0333 3.0521
a2)用于衰落信道的16-QAM或者4-PAM(选项1)
SNR 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
u1 1.6289 1.8484 2.0415 2.2247 2.3853 2.5335 2.6736 2.7962 2.8980 2.9832 3.0593 3.1169 3.1616 3.1973
SNR 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5
u1 3.2180 3.2334 3.2427 3.2473 3.2477 3.2463 3.2436 3.2388 3.2312 3.2291 3.2224 3.2149 3.2129 3.2055
SNR 14 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0
u1 3.2036 3.1976 3.1953 3.1917 3.1854 3.1853 3.1803 3.1799 3.1761 3.1712 3.1715 3.1721 3.1711
a3)用于非衰落信道的16-QAM/4-PAM(选项2)
SNR/u 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5
u1 1,0001 1,0001 1,0002 1,155 1,6201 1,958 2,2633 2,5594 2,8411 3,098 3,3357 3,5294 3,6712 3,752
SNR/u 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 12,5 13 13,5
u1 3,7812 3,748 3,6736 3,5998 3,5184 3,4446 3,3818 3,3239 3,2786 3,2407 3,2109 3,1793 3,1581 3,139
SNR/u 14 14,5 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19 19,5 20
u1 3,1219 3,1078 3,0964 3,0819 3,0774 3,0665 3,0579 3,0528 3,0485 3,0423 3,0411 3,0333 3,0521
a4)用于衰落信道的16-QAM/4-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5
u1 1,6289 1,8484 2,0415 2,2247 2,3853 2,5335 2,6736 2,7962 2,898 2,9832 3,0593 3,1169 3,1616 3,1973
SNR 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 12,5 13 13,5
u1 3,218 3,2334 3,2427 3,2473 3,2477 3,2463 3,2436 3,2388 3,2312 3,2291 3,2224 3,2149 3,2129 3,2055
SNR 14 14,5 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19 19,5 20
u1 3,2036 3,1976 3,1953 3,1917 3,1854 3,1853 3,1803 3,1799 3,1761 3,1712 3,1715 3,1721 3,1711
b1)用于非衰落信道的64-QAM或者8-PAM(选项1)
SNR 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
u1 1.0000 1.0022 1.0009 1.1945 1.4265 1.7169 2.0784 2.4886 2.8098 2.9798 3.0657 3.0895 3.0744
u2 2.6799 3.6839 3.7714 3.5638 3.6893 3.9984 4.4060 4.8482 5.2018 5.4093 5.5100 5.4881 5.3864
u3 3.4087 3.6839 3.7779 4.6322 5.4024 6.2400 7.1114 7.9262 8.4762 8.7005 8.7024 8.4935 8.1750
SNR 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
u1 3.0557 3.0409 3.0309 3.0244 3.0180 3.0140 3.0153 3.0107 3.0001 2.7744 2.2837 3.0137 1.9278
u2 5.2889 5.2157 5.1647 5.1260 5.0979 5.0766 5.0685 5.0403 5.0254 4.5265 3.3188 5.1307 3.2632
u3 7.8949 7.6816 7.5265 7.4114 7.3213 7.2517 7.2083 7.1286 7.1277 6.6760 5.0386 6.6178 4.4151
b2)用于衰落信道的64-QAM或者8-PAM(选项1)
SNR 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
u1 1.0353 1.1062 1.2092 1.3451 1.5409 1.8112 2.1208 2.3945 2.6067 2.7560 2.8505 2.9120 2.9496
u2 2.8206 2.9015 3.0799 3.2980 3.5826 3.9386 4.3237 4.6577 4.9074 5.0773 5.1674 5.2201 5.2393
u3 3.4534 3.9220 4.4154 4.9297 5.5069 6.1594 6.8108 7.3475 7.7177 7.9488 8.0398 8.0680 8.0538
SNR 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
u1 2.9751 2.9907 3.0032 3.0055 3.0126 3.0124 3.0136 3.0165 3.0156 3.0158 3.0160 3.0180 3.0183
u2 5.2491 5.2493 5.2489 5.2365 5.2375 5.2247 5.2182 5.2165 5.2098 5.2070 5.2040 5.2036 5.1995
u3 8.0217 7.9849 7.9528 7.9035 7.8862 7.8443 7.8194 7.8046 7.7839 7.7661 7.7620 7.7569 7.7566
b3)用于非衰落信道的64-QAM/8-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
u1 1,0007 1,0017 0,7353 0,9997 1,0002 0,9998 1,0001 1 1,1927 1,4264 1,7169 2,0738 2,4886 2,8112
u2 1,0005 1,0004 1,0005 2,2657 2,8429 3,337 3,6717 3,7738 3,5613 3,6905 3,9984 4,3992 4,8482 5,2041
u3 0,9998 0,9999 1,4855 2,2642 2,842 3,3367 3,6718 3,775 4,6253 5,4009 6,24 7,1031 7,9262 8,4801
SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
u1 2,9803 3,0658 3,089 3,0745 3,0551 3,0408 3,0308 3,0234 3,0183 3,0146 3,0117 3,006 2,9999 3,0181
u2 5,4101 5,5099 5,4876 5,3868 5,288 5,2157 5,1639 5,1262 5,0982 5,0776 5,0613 5,0467 5,0116 5,0174
u3 8,7018 8,7025 8,4931 8,1754 7,8925 7,6814 7,5255 7,4093 7,3204 7,2536 7,2029 7,156 7,1015 7,12
SNR 28 29 30
u1 3,1429 2,5878 2,6804
u2 5,2147 4,0051 4,2638
u3 7,481 5,6207 5,7796
b4)用于衰落信道的64-QAM/8-PAM(选项2)
SNR 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
u1 1,0353 1,1062 1,2092 1,3451 1,5409 1,8112 2,1208 2,3945 2,6067 2,756 2,8505 2,912 2,9496 2,9751
u2 2,8206 2,9015 3,0799 3,298 3,5826 3,9386 4,3237 4,6577 4,9074 5,0773 5,1674 5,2201 5,2393 5,2491
u3 3,4534 3,922 4,4154 4,9297 5,5069 6,1594 6,8108 7,3475 7,7177 7,9488 8,0398 8,068 8,0538 8,0217
SNR 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
u1 2,9907 3,0032 3,0055 3,0126 3,0124 3,0136 3,0165 3,0156 3,0158 3,016 3,018 3,0183
u2 5,2493 5,2489 5,2365 5,2375 5,2247 5,2182 5,2165 5,2098 5,207 5,204 5,2036 5,1995
u3 7,9849 7,9528 7,9035 7,8862 7,8443 7,8194 7,8046 7,7839 7,7661 7,762 7,7569 7,7566
c1)用于非衰落信道的256-QAM或者16-PAM(选项1)
SNR 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
u1 1.0097 1.0665 1.0768 1.0930 1.1066 1.0503 1.0278 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0256 1.1132
u2 1.0243 1.4150 1.2578 1.4817 1.7257 1.9773 2.1334 2.3571 2.6866 2.8218 2.9484 3.0100 3.0828
u3 1.0300 1.6034 1.2587 1.5300 1.7257 1.9773 2.1334 2.3622 2.7092 2.8892 3.1149 3.2249 3.4673
u4 2.6821 3.3596 3.4255 3.7766 3.9138 4.1612 4.3125 4.4722 4.8316 4.9033 5.1366 5.2497 5.4373
u5 2.6821 3.3596 3.4255 3.7766 3.9375 4.1734 4.4861 4.8450 5.3535 5.5528 5.8510 6.0534 6.5183
u6 3.3063 4.0879 4.3286 4.6970 5.0898 5.6363 6.3912 6.8392 7.6085 7.9200 8.3122 8.4791 8.8521
u7 3.6820 4.7573 4.7284 5.4489 6.2380 6.5675 7.7493 8.8112 10.0024 10.6021 11.1960 11.3836 11.7747
SNR 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
u1 1.3440 2.0909 2.7505 2.9606 3.0120 3.0176 3.0142 3.0104 3.0073 3.0054 3.0042 3.0022 2.9919
u2 3.2921 4.0957 4.8095 5.0402 5.0981 5.0934 5.0719 5.0525 5.0386 5.0269 5.0222 5.0150 5.0017
u3 4.0379 5.5745 6.8101 7.2061 7.2981 7.2676 7.2042 7.1500 7.1120 7.0845 7.0663 7.0475 7.0199
u4 5.9945 7.7068 9.1334 9.6065 9.6891 9.5883 9.4460 9.3305 9.2485 9.1897 9.1488 9.1103 9.0581
u5 7.5727 9.9098 11.7487 12.3192 12.3427 12.1129 11.8445 11.6314 11.4793 11.3645 11.2861 11.2158 11.1448
u6 9.9517 12.7455 14.9217 15.4925 15.3646 14.9269 14.4704 14.1111 13.8500 13.6527 13.5110 13.3957 13.2816
u7 13.0332 16.3954 18.9099 19.3657 18.9656 18.2095 17.4738 16.8947 16.4666 16.1368 15.8975 15.6946 15.5305
c2)用于衰落信道的256-QAM或者16-PAM(选项1)
SNR 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
u1 1.0356 1.0100 1.0290 1.0219 1.0329 1.0094 1.0111 1.0000 1.0000 1.0001 1.0246 1.1185 1.3950
u2 1.3828 1.3870 1.5299 1.4838 1.7668 1.9127 2.1472 2.2908 2.4733 2.6105 2.7092 2.8453 3.1765
u3 1.3992 1.3870 1.5492 1.4838 1.7668 1.9127 2.1472 2.3051 2.5255 2.7354 2.9390 3.2706 3.9636
u4 3.0045 3.1253 3.3047 3.3824 3.7309 3.9074 4.1429 4.3242 4.5173 4.6739 4.8281 5.1438 5.9227
u5 3.0045 3.1449 3.3048 3.4113 3.7801 4.0235 4.3590 4.7401 5.0524 5.3659 5.7359 6.3140 7.4309
u6 3.6491 4.1004 4.3581 4.6594 5.1755 5.6876 6.0417 6.6189 7.0304 7.3939 7.7768 8.4290 9.7743
u7 4.3373 4.5258 4.9468 5.3793 5.9000 6.6271 7.4630 8.7179 9.2916 9.7803 10.2831 11.1015 12.7817
SNR 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
u1 1.8520 2.2282 2.4888 2.6609 2.7728 2.8431 2.8888 2.9170 2.9375 2.9504 2.9593 2.9671 2.9692
u2 3.7148 4.1544 4.4597 4.6629 4.7937 4.8730 4.9250 4.9552 4.9771 4.9892 4.9973 5.0074 5.0060
u3 4.9210 5.6758 6.1947 6.5358 6.7533 6.8809 6.9632 7.0090 7.0410 7.0554 7.0668 7.0806 7.0767
u4 7.0428 7.9073 8.4842 8.8475 9.0687 9.1840 9.2515 9.2802 9.2999 9.2969 9.2999 9.3060 9.2919
u5 8.9081 10.0295 10.7658 11.2198 11.4828 11.6084 11.6720 11.6871 11.6912 11.6733 11.6622 11.6610 11.6332
u6 11.5661 12.8870 13.7176 14.1966 14.4408 14.5284 14.5407 14.5072 14.4683 14.4127 14.3708 14.3439 14.2915
u7 14.9910 16.5637 17.4984 17.9831 18.1769 18.1849 18.1070 17.9950 17.8844 17.7634 17.6707 17.6011 17.5056
c3)用于非衰落信道的256-QAM/16-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
u1 0,9987 1 0,8555 0,9986 1,0007 0,9999 1 1,0001 1,1538 1,2053 1,1098 1,0113 0,9755 0,961
u2 0,9995 0,9988 0,6438 0,999 1,0022 1,0008 0,9997 1 1,3318 1,4592 1,5806 1,8511 2,1909 2,5454
u3 1,0006 1,0012 0,7241 0,9997 1,0003 0,9994 1,0002 1 1,1537 1,2044 1,4081 1,7918 2,1934 2,5919
u4 1,0014 0,9977 0,9802 2,2701 2,8454 3,336 3,6707 3,7727 4,0051 4,1314 3,8919 3,9933 4,2942 4,6269
u5 0,9994 0,9966 0,8403 2,261 2,8447 3,3359 3,6718 3,7726 3,5919 3,7449 3,8725 4,2278 4,6785 5,1556
u6 0,9984 0,9972 1,2098 2,2574 2,8455 3,3381 3,6727 3,7737 4,0063 4,1297 4,7175 5,7442 6,5854 7,3386
u7 1,0001 0,9996 1,4732 2,265 2,8465 3,3369 3,6713 3,7738 5,9093 6,4423 6,812 7,6428 8,6591 9,7477
SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
u1 0,9653 0,9856 1,0251 1,1128 1,3449 2,0965 2,7527 2,9608 3,012 3,0177 3,0143 3,0103 3,0079 3,0062
u2 2,7901 2,9261 3,0106 3,0821 3,2917 4,1039 4,811 5,0404 5,0984 5,0934 5,0717 5,0526 5,0399 5,0306
u3 2,88 3,0661 3,2252 3,4662 4,0382 5,5877 6,8118 7,2066 7,2996 7,2675 7,2034 7,15 7,1134 7,0869
u4 4,8939 5,0926 5,2509 5,436 5,9941 7,7231 9,1364 9,6073 9,6907 9,5882 9,4452 9,3304 9,2506 9,1924
u5 5,5283 5,7961 6,055 6,5161 7,5736 9,9317 11,7532 12,3202 12,3438 12,1129 11,8432 11,6313 11,4811 11,3712
u6 7,8908 8,2396 8,4806 8,8492 9,9513 12,7737 14,9274 15,4938 15,3648 14,9271 14,4683 14,1107 13,8529 13,661
u7 10,5917 11,0972 11,3853 11,7713 13,0322 16,4337 18,9135 19,3674 18,9636 18,2094 17,4708 16,8942 16,4697 16,1476
SNR 28 29 30
u1 3,0044 3,0038 3,003
u2 5,023 5,0178 5,0128
u3 7,067 7,0512 7,0407
u4 9,1486 9,1126 9,0893
u5 11,2883 11,2217 11,1749
u6 13,5157 13,3981 13,3164
u7 15,9014 15,7029 15,5677
c4)用于衰落信道的256-QAM/16-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
u1 0,9798 0,9967 0,9947 0,9971 1,0007 1,03 1,0688 1,0762 1,0537 1,0342 1,0147 0,9992 0,9918 0,9922
u2 0,8908 1,0016 0,9934 1,0006 0,9987 1,0588 1,1381 1,2317 1,3585 1,5225 1,7405 2,0063 2,2615 2,4654
u3 0,9072 1,0041 0,9993 1,0003 0,9997 1,0295 1,0664 1,1441 1,2863 1,4689 1,7111 2,0037 2,2873 2,5275
u4 1,4244 2,0539 2,4036 2,6739 2,9049 3,019 3,2106 3,239 3,2891 3,4602 3,7019 3,9966 4,2761 4,5013
u5 1,3906 2,0371 2,3593 2,6731 2,9097 2,6841 2,8603 3,0627 3,3005 3,5807 3,9182 4,3056 4,6871 5,0312
u6 1,5899 2,024 2,3535 2,6762 2,8921 3,0205 3,2171 3,6521 4,2742 4,8242 5,3945 5,997 6,5483 7,0034
u7 1,6351 2,042 2,3973 2,6721 2,8859 3,9489 4,5222 5,0297 5,6081 6,271 7,0282 7,8489 8,6107 9,2424
SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
u1 0,9989 1,0259 1,1155 1,3963 1,8534 2,2282 2,4891 2,6619 2,7729 2,8437 2,889 2,9176 2,9379 2,9516
u2 2,6086 2,7135 2,8419 3,1795 3,7175 4,1541 4,4608 4,664 4,7936 4,8758 4,9257 4,956 4,9778 4,9933
u3 2,7307 2,9443 3,2659 3,9675 4,9244 5,676 6,197 6,5386 6,7531 6,8857 6,9639 7,0096 7,0412 7,064
u4 4,6692 4,8339 5,1383 5,9281 7,0475 7,9072 8,4862 8,8521 9,0685 9,1906 9,253 9,282 9,3008 9,3117
u5 5,3576 5,7413 6,3082 7,4353 8,9135 10,0292 10,7694 11,2248 11,4823 11,6157 11,6732 11,6881 11,6943 11,6904
u6 7,3828 7,7887 8,4196 9,7825 11,5726 12,8864 13,7217 14,2018 14,4402 14,5326 14,5421 14,508 14,472 14,4315
u7 9,7612 10,2938 11,0879 12,7927 15,0009 16,5632 17,5017 17,9894 18,1764 18,1926 18,1172 17,9984 17,8904 17,7896
SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 2,9597 2,9661 2,9708 2,9726 2,9757 2,979 2,9795 2,9803 2,981 2,982 2,9813 2,9795 2,9788
u2 4,9991 5,0047 5,0081 5,009 5,0124 5,0173 5,0145 5,016 5,0165 5,0165 5,0154 5,0085 5,0096
u3 7,0698 7,0758 7,0795 7,0795 7,0819 7,0887 7,0822 7,086 7,086 7,0867 7,0883 7,0759 7,0772
u4 9,3029 9,2996 9,2958 9,2878 9,2861 9,2921 9,2787 9,2803 9,2787 9,2784 9,2785 9,2623 9,2664
u5 11,668 11,6526 11,6385 11,6222 11,6137 11,6142 11,5969 11,5934 11,5903 11,5892 11,5893 11,5636 11,561
u6 14,3754 14,3333 14,2955 14,2621 14,2394 14,2301 14,2009 14,1909 14,1835 14,1804 14,173 14,1335 14,1421
u7 17,6749 17,5886 17,5132 17,4498 17,4048 17,3749 17,3292 17,307 17,2908 17,2734 17,2633 17,208 17,2206
d1)用于非衰落信道的1024-QAM或者32-PAM(选项1)
SNR 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
u1 1.0067 1.0148 1.0507 1.0476 1.0198 1.0464 1.0909 1.0037 1.0187 1.0148 1.0251
u2 1.0380 1.0523 1.0845 1.0835 1.0373 1.0701 1.0910 1.0428 1.0711 1.1108 1.2863
u3 1.0695 1.0949 1.1046 1.1376 1.0754 1.0813 1.1644 1.0447 1.0807 1.1364 1.2891
u4 1.6402 1.8347 2.0518 2.5314 2.6729 2.9275 3.0920 2.9924 3.0361 3.0693 3.3256
u5 1.6741 1.9096 2.1058 2.5742 2.7200 2.9512 3.1966 3.0105 3.0631 3.0902 3.3296
u6 1.6802 1.9096 2.1287 2.5742 2.7278 3.0476 3.2399 3.1832 3.3080 3.4418 3.9436
u7 1.7120 1.9314 2.1552 2.6395 2.7641 3.0980 3.3711 3.1850 3.3133 3.4430 3.9450
u8 3.7616 3.9751 4.2512 4.6900 4.7720 5.0430 5.3006 5.1666 5.2248 5.3743 5.9219
u9 3.7988 4.0277 4.3122 4.7622 4.8209 5.1017 5.4156 5.1666 5.2248 5.3743 5.9219
u10 3.7988 4.0671 4.3749 4.8789 5.0144 5.5053 5.8716 5.8269 5.9842 6.2741 7.2272
u11 3.8518 4.1230 4.3905 4.8870 5.0144 5.5054 5.8716 5.8763 6.0961 6.4804 7.4547
u12 4.8732 5.3269 6.0182 6.8091 7.0796 7.6797 8.0443 7.9004 7.9850 8.3476 9.4109
u13 4.9607 5.3481 6.0182 6.8466 7.0905 7.6878 8.1462 8.2883 8.3856 8.9683 10.1262
u14 5.5363 5.9883 6.7380 7.6823 8.1294 8.8170 9.3690 9.9247 10.1499 11.0046 12.4646
u15 5.7097 6.5205 7.2058 8.0785 8.4303 9.8312 10.9109 11.9003 12.0120 13.4835 15.2549
SNR 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
u1 1.0024 1.0006 1.0016 1.0005 1.0031 1.0346 1.2687 2.5688 2.9137 2.9903 3.0038
u2 1.7107 2.5479 2.8831 2.9838 3.0077 3.0243 3.2174 4.5722 4.9309 5.0103 5.0225
u3 1.7141 2.5515 2.8832 2.9845 3.0245 3.1135 3.6704 6.2334 6.8977 7.0454 7.0642
u4 3.6770 4.5909 4.9553 5.0538 5.0615 5.0609 5.4996 8.2567 8.9703 9.1297 9.1403
u5 3.6786 4.5909 4.9553 5.0704 5.1383 5.3184 6.3316 10.0819 11.0442 11.2591 11.2602
u6 4.8209 6.4238 7.0286 7.1835 7.1646 7.1593 8.0505 12.1692 13.2274 13.4612 13.4368
u7 4.8209 6.4274 7.0642 7.2914 7.4407 7.8023 9.3361 14.2128 15.4757 15.7441 15.6806
u8 6.8262 8.6260 9.3012 9.4393 9.3945 9.5457 11.0297 16.4523 17.8558 18.1316 18.0048
u9 6.8553 8.7222 9.5195 9.8531 10.1506 10.7731 12.6757 18.7884 20.3719 20.6408 20.4242
u10 8.6131 10.9071 11.7486 11.9625 12.0642 12.5104 14.5305 21.3353 23.0690 23.2947 22.9559
u11 8.9135 11.4255 12.5514 13.0881 13.5886 14.2704 16.5415 24.1089 25.9761 26.1177 25.6206
u12 11.0009 13.7880 14.9096 15.3045 15.6473 16.3124 18.7922 27.1742 29.1347 29.1436 28.4455
u13 11.9746 15.2957 16.9425 17.5792 17.9741 18.6433 21.3263 30.5883 32.5987 32.4209 31.4714
u14 14.5395 18.2064 19.8795 20.4586 20.7562 21.3536 24.2238 34.4505 36.4620 36.0306 34.7706
u15 17.7040 21.9252 23.6632 24.0824 24.1747 24.6202 27.6622 38.9891 40.9391 40.1627 38.5012
SNR 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 3.0029 3.0028 3.0023 3.0037 3.0010 3.0022 2.9991 3.0009 2.9630 2.7120 2.4609
u2 5.0173 5.0132 5.0104 5.0116 5.0054 5.0074 5.0111 5.0049 4.9499 4.2412 3.3493
u3 7.0495 7.0372 7.0285 7.0273 7.0167 7.0181 7.0328 7.0073 6.9154 5.8741 4.7174
u4 9.1072 9.0800 9.0612 9.0527 9.0358 9.0349 9.0456 9.0153 8.8955 7.6262 6.4878
u5 11.1981 11.1476 11.1119 11.0933 11.0668 11.0584 11.0454 11.0325 10.8427 8.9624 7.7169
u6 13.3309 13.2465 13.1864 13.1515 13.1108 13.0955 13.0779 13.0621 12.7897 10.8692 8.5130
u7 15.5146 15.3830 15.2899 15.2330 15.1738 15.1445 15.0931 15.1013 14.7269 12.0858 9.8751
u8 17.7592 17.5659 17.4290 17.3407 17.2566 17.2099 17.1422 17.1488 16.6081 13.7050 11.5486
u9 20.0760 19.8040 19.6107 19.4829 19.3658 19.2996 19.1878 19.2029 18.5568 15.1881 12.4136
u10 22.4791 22.1087 21.8439 21.6641 21.5065 21.4089 21.2611 21.2792 20.1847 16.9468 14.2051
u11 24.9859 24.4938 24.1410 23.8963 23.6863 23.5530 23.3458 23.3490 21.2990 18.7549 15.1350
u12 27.6192 26.9793 26.5155 26.1908 25.9177 25.7334 25.4559 25.4652 24.3404 20.4199 16.3718
u13 30.4127 29.5936 28.9967 28.5657 28.2131 27.9698 27.6069 27.6293 25.1817 20.6889 18.1707
u14 33.4269 32.3855 31.6180 31.0614 30.6020 30.2801 29.8393 29.8551 28.0675 24.2726 18.9363
u15 36.7956 35.4677 34.4795 33.7493 33.1451 32.7195 32.0437 32.1466 29.1598 25.0126 20.2944
d2)用于衰落信道的1024-QAM或者32-PAM(选项1)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
u1 1.0003 1.0000 1.0000 1.0011 1.0000 1.0000 1.0006 1.0000 1.0002 1.0043 1.0108
u2 1.0003 1.0049 1.0163 1.0196 1.0208 1.0308 1.0214 1.0390 1.0252 1.0803 1.1627
u3 1.0027 1.0254 1.0360 1.0381 1.0582 1.0725 1.0400 1.0475 1.0286 1.1088 1.1942
u4 1.0164 1.0686 1.1300 1.2102 1.2704 1.3984 1.4402 1.5327 1.6809 1.9443 2.2594
u5 1.0277 1.0704 1.1395 1.2359 1.2821 1.4126 1.4586 1.5465 1.6972 1.9733 2.3050
u6 1.0456 1.0894 1.1495 1.2553 1.2994 1.4417 1.4951 1.5465 1.7362 2.0279 2.4395
u7 1.0487 1.1132 1.1734 1.2757 1.3364 1.4849 1.5096 1.5503 1.7364 2.0560 2.4406
u8 1.9738 2.1671 2.3628 2.5480 2.7476 3.0647 3.1661 3.3174 3.5767 3.8954 4.3049
u9 2.0526 2.1986 2.4403 2.6234 2.8083 3.1166 3.2014 3.3403 3.5857 3.9143 4.3315
u10 2.0663 2.2340 2.4536 2.6234 2.8196 3.1458 3.2015 3.3860 3.6394 4.0486 4.6119
u11 2.1022 2.2898 2.5070 2.6836 2.8698 3.1887 3.2388 3.3919 3.6572 4.0846 4.6119
u12 2.4454 2.6894 2.9825 3.2145 3.4803 3.8713 4.0826 4.4221 4.8650 5.3735 6.0449
u13 2.5537 2.7750 3.0830 3.2993 3.6342 4.0375 4.1566 4.4677 4.8650 5.3735 6.1193
u14 2.7190 2.9743 3.3004 3.5711 3.9845 4.3829 4.6192 4.9832 5.4362 6.1354 6.8700
u15 2.8164 3.1340 3.3947 3.7517 4.0778 4.5240 4.8297 5.2517 5.7299 6.6103 7.5087
SNR 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
u1 1.0206 1.0240 1.0158 1.0030 1.0094 1.0165 1.0109 1.0003 1.0009 1.0043 1.0003
u2 1.0739 1.1088 1.2267 1.0173 1.0577 1.1641 1.3963 1.6842 2.0893 2.3787 2.5628
u3 1.1015 1.1366 1.2493 1.0173 1.0632 1.1895 1.4131 1.6863 2.0899 2.3793 2.5641
u4 2.3031 2.5070 2.7823 2.6207 2.7531 2.9022 3.1798 3.5239 3.9928 4.3337 4.5385
u5 2.3307 2.5226 2.8092 2.6267 2.7580 2.9222 3.1944 3.5282 3.9930 4.3342 4.5580
u6 2.3962 2.6229 3.0150 2.7411 2.9810 3.3589 3.9199 4.5765 5.3853 5.9529 6.2800
u7 2.4238 2.6526 3.0349 2.7470 2.9811 3.3605 3.9203 4.5765 5.3906 5.9865 6.3991
u8 4.3380 4.5737 4.9461 4.6738 4.8680 5.2293 5.8532 6.6194 7.5215 8.1146 8.4195
u9 4.3743 4.6127 4.9764 4.6738 4.8680 5.2293 5.8532 6.6415 7.6038 8.3211 8.8558
u10 4.6129 4.9434 5.4050 5.3030 5.6793 6.3007 7.1684 8.1999 9.3413 10.1083 10.5973
u11 4.6129 4.9434 5.4050 5.3190 5.7268 6.4114 7.3330 8.5123 9.8455 10.8886 11.6792
u12 6.2332 6.6912 7.1932 7.0781 7.4631 8.1246 9.1671 10.4955 11.9313 12.9749 13.7196
u13 6.2378 6.7067 7.2143 7.4316 7.8792 8.7397 9.9527 11.6664 13.4007 14.6947 15.6090
u14 7.2044 7.7531 8.3908 9.0011 9.5503 10.5383 11.9678 13.9641 15.9024 17.3089 18.2685
u15 7.8925 8.6732 9.0513 10.9148 11.5100 12.7890 14.4376 16.9300 19.1680 20.7369 21.7475
SNR 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
u1 1.0002 1.0753 1.5871 2.0792 2.3953 2.5979 2.7284 2.8108 2.8638 2.8972 2.9205
u2 2.6821 2.8032 3.3595 3.9137 4.2801 4.5188 4.6763 4.7770 4.8432 4.8844 4.9121
u3 2.6985 2.9606 4.0489 5.0644 5.7316 6.1639 6.4450 6.6243 6.7411 6.8116 6.8624
u4 4.6475 4.8124 5.9653 7.0563 7.7599 8.2091 8.4995 8.6815 8.7991 8.8675 8.9155
u5 4.7447 5.1854 6.8626 8.3577 9.3324 9.9565 10.3588 10.6098 10.7698 10.8617 10.9265
u6 6.4363 6.7835 8.6319 10.2875 11.3529 12.0290 12.4603 12.7241 12.8892 12.9778 13.0422
u7 6.7723 7.5030 9.8196 11.8295 13.1294 13.9541 14.4760 14.7917 14.9857 15.0876 15.1596
u8 8.6146 9.2375 11.8029 14.0035 15.3949 16.2563 16.7886 17.0983 17.2797 17.3649 17.4228
u9 9.3840 10.3216 13.3049 15.8351 17.4372 18.4233 19.0262 19.3679 19.5628 19.6463 19.6994
u10 11.0496 12.0123 15.3459 18.1385 19.8764 20.9233 21.5442 21.8783 22.0561 22.1145 22.1450
u11 12.3712 13.5373 17.2964 20.4157 22.3392 23.4820 24.1409 24.4781 24.6459 24.6783 24.6849
u12 14.3775 15.6118 19.8018 23.2294 25.2925 26.4779 27.1285 27.4264 27.5506 27.5290 27.4931
u13 16.3759 17.7521 22.4374 26.2246 28.4576 29.7039 30.3509 30.6108 30.6865 30.6041 30.5122
u14 19.0535 20.5285 25.7859 29.9638 32.3556 33.6202 34.2212 34.3969 34.3835 34.2046 34.0347
u15 22.5334 24.1205 30.0937 34.7506 37.3202 38.5786 39.0930 39.1396 38.9925 38.6816 38.3850
SNR 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 2.9354 2.9461 2.9539 2.9566 2.9625 2.9679 2.9706 2.9668
u2 4.9294 4.9430 4.9521 4.9535 4.9610 4.9733 4.9711 4.9647
u3 6.8891 6.9128 6.9279 6.9327 6.9441 6.9639 6.9598 6.9537
u4 8.9381 8.9612 8.9734 8.9760 8.9857 9.0117 9.0034 8.9914
u5 10.9554 10.9880 11.0022 11.0031 11.0166 11.0516 11.0381 11.0244
u6 13.0641 13.0956 13.1054 13.1036 13.1132 13.1541 13.1339 13.1153
u7 15.1815 15.2131 15.2214 15.2164 15.2267 15.2711 15.2475 15.2256
u8 17.4273 17.4495 17.4469 17.4330 17.4369 17.4818 17.4503 17.4219
u9 19.6952 19.7108 19.6985 19.6773 19.6762 19.7216 19.6855 19.6521
u10 22.1170 22.1128 22.0880 22.0535 22.0433 22.0913 22.0378 21.9943
u11 24.6327 24.6090 24.5689 24.5179 24.4941 24.5412 24.4762 24.4209
u12 27.3953 27.3392 27.2667 27.1957 27.1547 27.1976 27.1095 27.0355
u13 30.3630 30.2747 30.1682 30.0651 30.0017 30.0359 29.9279 29.8362
u14 33.8099 33.6615 33.5079 33.3683 33.2557 33.2767 33.1414 33.0224
u15 38.0516 37.8298 37.6071 37.3990 37.2354 37.2407 37.0845 36.9002
SNR 42 44 46 48 50
u1 2.9738 2.9727 2.9803 2.9747 2.9755
u2 4.9763 4.9704 4.9831 4.9798 4.9849
u3 6.9716 6.9620 6.9761 6.9699 6.9855
u4 9.0140 8.9995 9.0169 9.0005 9.0175
u5 11.0516 11.0383 11.0596 11.0277 11.0471
u6 13.1460 13.1331 13.1545 13.0993 13.1231
u7 15.2595 15.2451 15.2638 15.1874 15.2293
u8 17.4578 17.4387 17.4605 17.3555 17.4128
u9 19.6900 19.6695 19.6999 19.5662 19.6282
u10 22.0331 22.0039 22.0346 21.8900 21.9543
u11 24.4634 24.4247 24.4522 24.2985 24.3779
u12 27.0712 27.0228 27.0504 26.8712 26.9537
u13 29.8692 29.7967 29.8201 29.6120 29.6794
u14 33.0482 32.9359 32.9517 32.7729 32.8541
u15 36.8842 36.7255 36.7204 36.5908 36.7169
d3)用于非衰落信道的1024-QAM/32-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
u1 0,9992 0,9991 0,9626 0,9967 0,9967 0,9988 0,9997 1,0671 1,0969 1,0363 0,962 1,0001 0,9878 0,9942
u2 0,9957 0,9942 0,8697 0,9895 0,9965 0,9992 0,9989 1,1388 1,2043 1,2107 1,1702 0,9997 0,9747 0,966
u3 0,9965 0,9943 0,8971 0,99 0,9962 0,9991 0,9986 1,0674 1,0955 1,1639 1,2161 0,9996 0,9863 0,9719
u4 0,9971 0,9965 0,6648 0,99 0,9954 0,9994 1,0008 1,1386 1,2048 1,3562 1,4866 1,8264 2,2272 2,5533
u5 0,996 0,9939 0,6491 0,9905 0,9956 0,9997 1,001 1,2138 1,3242 1,4129 1,4414 1,848 2,2217 2,5387
u6 0,9992 1,0019 0,6995 0,9974 0,9977 0,9998 1,0017 1,1384 1,2058 1,2085 1,1751 1,8267 2,223 2,5691
u7 0,9999 1,0022 0,719 0,9994 0,9993 1,0004 1,0017 1,0667 1,0964 1,162 1,2213 1,8066 2,2286 2,581
u8 1,0018 1,0047 0,9796 2,2704 2,8447 3,3339 3,6691 4,1038 4,3038 4,1189 3,88 3,962 4,3457 4,661
u9 1,0009 1,0043 0,9448 2,264 2,8416 3,334 3,6696 3,6418 3,8694 4,0902 4,1993 4,1097 4,4994 4,7046
u10 0,9975 0,9957 0,8525 2,2387 2,8354 3,336 3,672 3,4119 3,666 3,7746 3,802 4,2647 4,7161 5,1202
u11 0,9986 0,9982 0,8839 2,2405 2,8378 3,3375 3,6721 3,6428 3,8684 3,7435 3,6203 4,1131 4,5362 5,0343
u12 0,9986 0,9963 1,2974 2,2393 2,8414 3,3349 3,6662 4,1042 4,3048 4,1203 3,8917 6,185 6,9957 7,2365
u13 0,9975 0,996 1,243 2,2388 2,838 3,3348 3,6674 3,6422 3,8687 4,0904 4,2129 5,8337 6,7509 7,454
u14 1,001 1,0011 1,4137 2,2601 2,844 3,335 3,6673 4,1032 4,3066 5,0379 5,5707 6,2198 7,2075 8,594
u15 1,0017 1,0022 1,4853 2,2698 2,8465 3,3339 3,6669 6,1624 6,9359 7,2501 7,4066 8,6211 9,7438 10,859
SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
u1 1,0007 1,0027 0,9981 0,9933 0,9936 0,999 1 1,0001 0,9973 1,0036 1,0338 1,2685 2,568 2,9124
u2 0,9694 0,9834 1,0086 1,0594 1,2188 1,7124 2,5469 2,8781 2,9836 3,0078 3,024 3,2172 4,5709 4,9289
u3 0,9681 0,9811 1,0101 1,0676 1,2263 1,7139 2,5465 2,8764 2,9837 3,0244 3,1126 3,6704 6,2313 6,8942
u4 2,7737 2,9007 2,9741 3,0241 3,159 3,6872 4,5907 4,9456 5,0494 5,0625 5,0597 5,4996 8,2546 8,9668
u5 2,7714 2,9125 2,9988 3,0553 3,1727 3,6864 4,5862 4,9442 5,0663 5,138 5,3175 6,3322 10,0797 11,0396
u6 2,8418 3,0307 3,1789 3,35 3,7479 4,8324 6,417 7,0146 7,1785 7,1643 7,1579 8,0513 12,1665 13,2221
u7 2,846 3,0218 3,1519 3,3116 3,7215 4,8226 6,4211 7,0502 7,2858 7,4383 7,8018 9,3367 14,2096 15,4697
u8 4,9072 5,0916 5,2328 5,352 5,6798 6,8426 8,6195 9,2808 9,4323 9,3928 9,5449 11,0304 16,4487 17,8497
u9 4,8825 5,0325 5,1573 5,2795 5,6568 6,8702 8,7174 9,4992 9,8449 10,1481 10,7709 12,6768 18,7845 20,3652
u10 5,4415 5,6696 5,8553 6,1215 6,9014 8,6299 10,8957 11,7222 11,9532 12,0621 12,5094 14,5322 21,3307 23,0612
u11 5,45 5,7667 6,0273 6,3484 7,1423 8,9474 11,4173 12,5228 13,0769 13,586 14,2684 16,5436 24,1032 25,9674
u12 7,6047 7,8958 8,1046 8,3161 9,0363 11,0231 13,7773 14,8757 15,2913 15,6441 16,3101 18,7948 27,1676 29,1243
u13 8,0146 8,4122 8,6722 8,9298 9,7542 12,0148 15,2835 16,9016 17,5633 17,972 18,6404 21,3291 30,5806 32,5873
u14 9,6267 10,3424 10,7968 11,1339 12,0444 14,5782 18,1947 19,8327 20,4394 20,7517 21,3511 24,2271 34,4413 36,4503
u15 11,9177 12,7867 13,3749 13,7814 14,8151 17,7532 21,9096 23,606 24,0612 24,1702 24,6165 27,6663 38,9792 40,9267
SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 2,9902 3,0016 3,0038 3,002 3,0024 3,0017 3,0014 3,0014 2,9988 3,0102 3,0035 2,7197 2,0472
u2 5,01 5,0206 5,0186 5,0131 5,0105 5,0084 5,006 5,0051 5,0006 5,0192 5,0363 4,4139 2,9841
u3 7,0446 7,0618 7,0515 7,0373 7,0287 7,022 7,0169 7,0134 7,0044 7,0244 7,0893 6,2809 3,9607
u4 9,1283 9,1368 9,1105 9,0811 9,0608 9,0466 9,0367 9,0261 9,0134 9,0332 9,1092 7,9322 5,0898
u5 11,257 11,2562 11,2029 11,1486 11,1121 11,0856 11,0685 11,0475 11,0277 11,0421 11,1317 9,6412 6,0761
u6 13,4588 13,4329 13,3374 13,2478 13,1867 13,143 13,1106 13,0776 13,0484 13,061 13,1503 11,2735 7,1638
u7 15,7417 15,6758 15,5224 15,3852 15,2907 15,2225 15,173 15,1242 15,0767 15,0837 15,1749 13,1326 8,1645
u8 18,1292 18,0006 17,7684 17,5682 17,4293 17,3297 17,2569 17,1873 17,1224 17,1191 17,2333 14,826 9,3331
u9 20,6379 20,419 20,0868 19,8058 19,6109 19,4704 19,3651 19,2702 19,1868 19,1703 19,3081 16,4589 10,3444
u10 23,2916 22,9487 22,4913 22,1116 21,8445 21,6501 21,5069 21,3796 21,2695 21,2328 21,3472 18,0904 11,3035
u11 26,1151 25,6105 24,9996 24,4967 24,1418 23,8821 23,6873 23,5173 23,3768 23,3264 23,4267 19,7596 12,4831
u12 29,1412 28,4332 27,6343 26,9825 26,5176 26,1751 25,9187 25,6964 25,5123 25,421 25,4868 21,3998 13,6002
u13 32,4176 31,4579 30,4306 29,5967 28,997 28,5515 28,2162 27,9277 27,6916 27,5544 27,5728 23,1872 14,6124
u14 36,0267 34,7541 33,4466 32,3882 31,6189 31,0443 30,605 30,2317 29,932 29,7649 29,6897 24,9174 15,8244
u15 40,1583 38,4818 36,8177 35,4703 34,4789 33,7311 33,1542 32,6692 32,2795 32,0045 31,9429 26,7754 16,8182
d4)用于衰落信道的1024-QAM/32-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
u1 0,9877 0,9983 1,0021 0,996 1,0038 1,0274 1,0458 1,0252 1,0251 1,0106 1,0022 0,9999 0,9993 0,9997
u2 0,9503 0,9963 0,9924 1,001 0,9979 1,0502 1,1021 1,093 1,0684 1,0421 1,0226 1,0034 0,9938 0,9916
u3 0,9615 0,9958 0,9968 0,9963 1,0033 1,0263 1,0508 1,0681 1,0408 1,0311 1,0201 1,0037 0,9938 0,9911
u4 0,8564 0,9951 0,9982 0,9969 1,0019 1,0506 1,1052 1,2121 1,3282 1,4929 1,7209 1,983 2,2325 2,4349
u5 0,8494 0,9967 0,994 0,9991 1,0008 1,073 1,1571 1,2411 1,3645 1,5094 1,7258 1,9826 2,2312 2,4346
u6 0,8807 0,9994 0,9998 0,9959 1,0025 1,0482 1,1021 1,1634 1,3105 1,4612 1,6899 1,9706 2,2471 2,486
u7 0,8914 1,0007 0,9995 0,998 0,9995 1,0236 1,0521 1,1359 1,2768 1,4444 1,6851 1,9712 2,2486 2,4864
u8 1,3814 2,0455 2,4146 2,6684 2,9175 3,2588 3,4859 3,2744 3,2804 3,4275 3,6722 3,954 4,2289 4,4576
u9 1,3622 2,044 2,4 2,6704 2,8872 2,8611 3,0858 3,2456 3,3136 3,4906 3,7323 3,9988 4,255 4,4646
u10 1,2981 2,0293 2,3562 2,6608 2,8918 2,6571 2,8799 3,0861 3,3236 3,5804 3,9166 4,2842 4,6461 4,9706
u11 1,3174 2,0299 2,3711 2,6666 2,9157 2,8566 3,0645 3,0951 3,294 3,5187 3,8461 4,2212 4,6016 4,9552
u12 1,5422 2,0304 2,3575 2,6702 2,919 3,2583 3,4956 3,7397 4,4647 4,8383 5,3122 5,8215 6,3089 6,7222
u13 1,5175 2,0313 2,3446 2,6653 2,8934 2,8625 3,0965 3,6125 4,257 4,7767 5,3692 5,9729 6,5416 7,0327
u14 1,604 2,0428 2,3901 2,6689 2,8884 3,265 3,5501 4,3656 4,7788 5,4497 6,2546 7,0898 7,8656 8,5382
u15 1,6294 2,0466 2,4075 2,6719 2,9129 4,5146 5,143 5,676 6,3035 6,969 7,8139 8,7306 9,6322 10,4411
SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
u1 1,0006 1,0003 0,9986 0,9994 0,9989 1,0005 0,9993 1,0023 1,0042 1,0772 1,5857 2,0789 2,3946 2,5983
u2 0,9966 1,0149 1,0776 1,2742 1,6871 2,0897 2,3726 2,5667 2,6852 2,8011 3,3587 3,9147 4,2782 4,5193
u3 0,9957 1,0158 1,0779 1,2749 1,6874 2,0888 2,3722 2,5683 2,7063 2,9634 4,0473 5,0664 5,7293 6,1649
u4 2,5818 2,6848 2,7905 3,0323 3,5222 3,9945 4,3233 4,5468 4,6563 4,8127 5,9637 7,0579 7,7572 8,2107
u5 2,5854 2,6903 2,7982 3,0371 3,522 3,9931 4,325 4,5636 4,7536 5,1864 6,8591 8,3596 9,3297 9,9594
u6 2,6894 2,882 3,1454 3,6813 4,5789 5,3843 5,9387 6,2876 6,4513 6,7838 8,6281 10,2901 11,3497 12,0321
u7 2,6871 2,8747 3,1351 3,6718 4,5753 5,3894 5,9728 6,4073 6,786 7,5029 9,816 11,834 13,1252 13,9574
u8 4,6338 4,7815 5,0115 5,5854 6,6178 7,5206 8,0948 8,4282 8,6367 9,238 11,7978 14,0092 15,3897 16,2598
u9 4,6222 4,7619 4,9912 5,5804 6,6403 7,6013 8,3014 8,8692 9,4056 10,32 13,3009 15,8419 17,4299 18,4269
u10 5,2658 5,5779 6,0174 6,8559 8,1969 9,3371 10,0842 10,6112 11,0768 12,0115 15,3408 18,1472 19,8671 20,9273
u11 5,2889 5,6434 6,134 7,0475 8,5126 9,8429 10,8635 11,6946 12,4 13,5356 17,2901 20,4243 22,3301 23,4863
u12 7,0625 7,3854 7,8549 8,8436 10,4887 11,9255 12,9446 13,7334 14,4128 15,6099 19,7947 23,2381 25,2825 26,4823
u13 7,4575 7,8797 8,4919 9,7042 11,6571 13,3962 14,6601 15,6274 16,4161 17,7524 22,4306 26,2322 28,4484 29,7085
u14 9,1068 9,635 10,344 11,727 13,9522 15,8981 17,2695 18,2933 19,0986 20,5256 25,7783 29,973 32,3413 33,6247
u15 11,14 11,7874 12,6414 14,2894 16,9161 19,1591 20,6892 21,7769 22,5894 24,1254 30,084 34,7629 37,3028 38,5854
SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 2,7301 2,8111 2,8638 2,8985 2,9204 2,9359 2,9464 2,9538 2,959 2,9627 2,9646 2,9686 2,9708
u2 4,6776 4,7777 4,8422 4,8846 4,9112 4,9307 4,9428 4,952 4,9581 4,9636 4,9649 4,9695 4,9721
u3 6,4472 6,6249 6,7392 6,8128 6,8596 6,8928 6,913 6,9288 6,9398 6,9487 6,951 6,9583 6,9643
u4 8,5011 8,6817 8,7961 8,8683 8,9124 8,9438 8,9619 8,9752 8,9849 8,9938 8,9932 9,0001 9,0054
u5 10,3587 10,6081 10,7659 10,8639 10,9225 10,9642 10,9877 11,0041 11,0164 11,0274 11,0264 11,0342 11,0416
u6 12,4587 12,7205 12,8844 12,9827 13,0371 13,0761 13,095 13,1067 13,1177 13,1268 13,1229 13,1289 13,1362
u7 14,4744 14,7859 14,98 15,0938 15,153 15,1954 15,2147 15,2242 15,2319 15,2421 15,2363 15,2411 15,2498
u8 16,7868 17,0907 17,2736 17,3718 17,4153 17,4442 17,4504 17,4501 17,4511 17,4547 17,4418 17,4433 17,4518
u9 19,0243 19,3589 19,5552 19,6555 19,6923 19,7141 19,7134 19,7042 19,6989 19,698 19,6791 19,6776 19,6851
u10 21,5442 21,8683 22,0472 22,1242 22,1375 22,138 22,1179 22,0915 22,0748 22,0635 22,0342 22,0291 22,033
u11 24,1421 24,467 24,6335 24,688 24,6782 24,6569 24,6156 24,5739 24,5418 24,5191 24,4785 24,4679 24,468
u12 27,1288 27,4152 27,5337 27,5378 27,4826 27,4215 27,3471 27,2736 27,2191 27,1778 27,119 27,0996 27,0922
u13 30,3512 30,5985 30,6651 30,6154 30,503 30,398 30,2838 30,1761 30,0938 30,0323 29,9512 29,9185 29,8979
u14 34,2179 34,3818 34,3579 34,2186 34,0203 33,8444 33,6739 33,5132 33,3876 33,2927 33,1818 33,1313 33,0899
u15 39,0866 39,1219 38,9603 38,6961 38,3675 38,0938 37,8319 37,5978 37,4117 37,2731 37,1096 37,0386 36,9652
e1)用于非衰落信道的4096-QAM或者64-PAM(选项1)
SNR 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
u1 1.0009 1.0095 1.0017 1.0005 1.0026 1.0357 1.0462 1.0088 1.0294 1.0550 1.0814
u2 1.0034 1.0191 1.0071 1.0103 1.0058 1.0935 1.0747 1.0271 1.0589 1.1067 1.1275
u3 1.0085 1.0328 1.0104 1.0195 1.0178 1.1234 1.1266 1.0514 1.1024 1.1932 1.2000
u4 1.0271 1.0685 1.0379 1.0755 1.1253 1.2903 1.2950 1.3224 1.3806 1.9358 2.5877
u5 1.0425 1.0933 1.0515 1.0862 1.1495 1.3104 1.3388 1.3527 1.4228 1.9850 2.6735
u6 1.0680 1.1256 1.0680 1.0948 1.1750 1.3332 1.3865 1.3620 1.4469 2.0585 2.7203
u7 1.0914 1.1453 1.0851 1.1268 1.1974 1.3824 1.4096 1.3754 1.4702 2.1306 2.7772
u8 1.6408 1.9406 2.1732 2.4538 2.7812 3.2032 3.3168 3.3215 3.4226 4.0242 4.7576
u9 1.6739 1.9863 2.2032 2.4732 2.8165 3.2260 3.3652 3.3288 3.4528 4.1132 4.8002
u10 1.7194 2.0417 2.2381 2.5159 2.8342 3.2727 3.4215 3.3467 3.4850 4.1566 4.8626
u11 1.7336 2.0649 2.2482 2.5421 2.8665 3.3094 3.4483 3.3743 3.5120 4.2105 4.9374
u12 1.7336 2.0649 2.2482 2.5654 2.9673 3.4823 3.6899 3.7007 3.9353 5.0951 6.3475
u13 1.7489 2.0891 2.2680 2.5736 2.9882 3.5109 3.7310 3.7351 3.9752 5.1790 6.4107
u14 1.7667 2.1100 2.2697 2.5749 2.9882 3.5472 3.7653 3.7530 4.0006 5.2035 6.4781
u15 1.7858 2.1333 2.2705 2.5880 2.9954 3.6091 3.7893 3.7599 4.0301 5.3100 6.5484
u16 3.7227 4.1178 4.3166 4.6107 4.9833 5.5502 5.7186 5.6573 5.9066 7.1262 8.4751
u17 3.7418 4.1491 4.3322 4.6276 4.9903 5.5822 5.7506 5.6655 5.9204 7.2088 8.5684
u18 3.7590 4.1737 4.3574 4.6571 5.0237 5.6385 5.8167 5.6849 5.9370 7.2417 8.5939
u19 3.7960 4.2200 4.3712 4.6746 5.0441 5.6775 5.8728 5.7212 5.9817 7.2914 8.6700
u20 3.8009 4.2440 4.4357 4.8048 5.2639 6.0310 6.3672 6.3727 6.8343 8.5615 10.3314
u21 3.8124 4.2614 4.4461 4.8333 5.2981 6.0708 6.4211 6.4165 6.8835 8.6242 10.4036
u22 3.8523 4.2874 4.4500 4.8427 5.3090 6.0708 6.4211 6.4165 6.9279 8.7014 10.5216
u23 3.8737 4.3357 4.4807 4.8543 5.3363 6.1026 6.4513 6.4233 6.9731 8.8015 10.5873
u24 4.8434 5.5231 5.8999 6.5381 7.2235 8.1484 8.5019 8.3784 8.8105 10.5696 12.5476
u25 4.9258 5.5864 5.9652 6.5983 7.2684 8.1872 8.5620 8.4081 8.8693 10.6847 12.6596
u26 4.9451 5.6415 5.9778 6.5984 7.2774 8.2065 8.5897 8.4766 9.1103 11.0060 13.0289
u27 5.0309 5.7430 6.0828 6.6419 7.3205 8.2309 8.6088 8.4887 9.1104 11.0060 13.0289
u28 5.4098 6.2244 6.6305 7.3617 8.0157 9.2080 9.7789 9.9190 10.7495 12.8951 15.2014
u29 5.5000 6.3459 6.7055 7.4383 8.1449 9.3149 9.8518 9.9298 10.7503 12.8995 15.2179
u30 5.7152 6.5427 7.0184 7.8330 8.6100 9.8433 10.6486 10.6096 11.8462 13.9129 16.3707
u31 5.8780 6.7570 7.2858 8.0687 8.7350 10.1300 10.9482 10.8858 12.3898 14.9464 17.4057
SNR 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
u1 1.0483 1.0007 1.0044 1.0055 1.0013 1.0009 1.0008 1.0004 1.0002 1.0009 1.0000
u2 1.0613 1.0233 1.0049 1.0067 1.0042 1.0169 1.1155 2.1473 2.7977 2.9554 2.9938
u3 1.0869 1.0300 1.0156 1.0126 1.0156 1.0172 1.1158 2.1476 2.7982 2.9562 2.9938
u4 2.3556 2.7238 2.9064 2.9831 3.0040 3.0164 3.0800 4.1326 4.8095 4.9735 5.0126
u5 2.3688 2.7327 2.9092 2.9851 3.0143 3.0175 3.0803 4.1329 4.8098 4.9740 5.0127
u6 2.4071 2.7463 2.9108 2.9891 3.0189 3.0684 3.3125 5.4313 6.6706 6.9751 7.0470
u7 2.4309 2.7844 2.9252 2.9939 3.0209 3.0687 3.3127 5.4321 6.6709 6.9755 7.0476
u8 4.4042 4.7555 4.9733 5.0568 5.0728 5.0540 5.1743 7.3914 8.7230 9.0520 9.1240
u9 4.4505 4.7853 4.9821 5.0665 5.0763 5.0545 5.1744 7.3919 8.7232 9.0521 9.1269
u10 4.4768 4.8087 4.9864 5.0786 5.1205 5.2247 5.6985 8.9330 10.7048 11.1492 11.2396
u11 4.4984 4.8151 4.9894 5.0804 5.1241 5.2259 5.6990 8.9335 10.7052 11.1499 11.2521
u12 6.0304 6.6746 7.0482 7.1894 7.1853 7.1332 7.4320 10.9015 12.8463 13.3324 13.4094
u13 6.0394 6.7008 7.0583 7.1926 7.1891 7.1344 7.4326 10.9021 12.8463 13.3372 13.4549
u14 6.0730 6.7081 7.0832 7.2853 7.3954 7.6181 8.4317 12.7115 15.0078 15.5775 15.6226
u15 6.1073 6.7375 7.0832 7.2884 7.4045 7.6184 8.4328 12.7116 15.0103 15.6018 15.7683
u16 8.1524 8.8607 9.3063 9.4515 9.4026 9.4234 10.0879 14.7765 17.3133 17.9142 17.8813
u17 8.1720 8.8962 9.3102 9.4574 9.4108 9.4236 10.0879 14.7780 17.3310 18.0102 18.2795
u18 8.2313 8.9543 9.4881 9.7987 10.0367 10.4715 11.5465 16.8714 19.7069 20.3186 20.2643
u19 8.2425 8.9679 9.4972 9.8026 10.0398 10.4715 11.5513 16.8932 19.7984 20.6313 21.1418
u20 10.1358 11.0877 11.6875 11.9433 11.9948 12.2390 13.2621 19.1416 22.2235 22.8444 23.0106
u21 10.2083 11.1511 11.7122 11.9433 11.9948 12.2473 13.3038 19.2585 22.5518 23.6444 24.4435
u22 10.4647 11.5011 12.3809 12.9249 13.3478 13.8662 15.0350 21.5237 24.8994 25.7504 26.2833
u23 10.4667 11.5016 12.3809 12.9352 13.3886 13.9623 15.2365 21.9595 25.7968 27.2622 28.0976
u24 12.5892 13.7714 14.6800 15.1061 15.3331 15.7560 16.9792 24.1820 28.0789 29.3444 30.1001
u25 12.5892 13.7714 14.6898 15.2127 15.5317 16.1253 17.6049 25.3100 29.8341 31.4219 32.2373
u26 13.4094 14.7156 16.2278 17.0434 17.4121 17.9163 19.3517 27.5432 32.1791 33.7649 34.5644
u27 13.6158 15.0373 16.6096 17.6500 18.1533 18.9388 20.7325 29.6202 34.6720 36.3392 37.0984
u28 15.7576 17.2752 18.8400 19.7714 20.1992 20.8666 22.6401 32.1698 37.5238 39.2039 39.8717
u29 16.4104 18.0503 19.8935 21.3735 22.0959 22.9213 24.8156 35.1006 40.7639 42.4017 42.9261
u30 18.5684 20.5641 22.6573 24.0450 24.6870 25.4664 27.4064 38.5288 44.4858 46.0196 46.3385
u31 21.1733 23.6230 26.0750 27.5013 27.9919 28.6401 30.5717 42.6611 48.9075 50.2608 50.2913
SNR 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 1.0001 1.0248 2.4408 2.8945 2.9839 2.9994 3.0018 3.0006 3.0003 3.0001 2.9997
u2 3.0017 3.0182 4.4380 4.8985 4.9886 5.0033 5.0058 5.0032 5.0024 5.0018 5.0008
u3 3.0030 3.0632 5.9156 6.8070 6.9830 7.0115 7.0140 7.0089 7.0069 7.0048 7.0037
u4 5.0173 5.0328 7.9059 8.8226 9.0024 9.0302 9.0288 9.0193 9.0151 9.0102 9.0071
u5 5.0216 5.1327 9.4507 10.7591 11.0195 11.0577 11.0516 11.0358 11.0282 11.0193 11.0115
u6 7.0498 7.0422 11.4357 12.7957 13.0656 13.0993 13.0845 13.0595 13.0468 13.0326 13.0195
u7 7.0641 7.2652 13.0665 14.7736 15.1170 15.1551 15.1295 15.0921 15.0721 15.0515 15.0306
u8 9.1060 9.0644 15.0535 16.8418 17.2002 17.2304 17.1884 17.1352 17.1049 17.0757 17.0463
u9 9.1497 9.5244 16.7818 18.8755 19.2998 19.3267 19.2631 19.1895 19.1460 19.1067 19.0675
u10 11.1813 11.1850 18.7842 20.9896 21.4336 21.4475 21.3554 21.2573 21.1971 21.1455 21.0958
u11 11.3033 11.9919 20.6171 23.0931 23.5947 23.5943 23.4675 23.3400 23.2595 23.1929 23.1300
u12 13.2745 13.5314 22.6537 25.2693 25.7957 25.7708 25.6021 25.4389 25.3346 25.2505 25.1715
u13 13.5814 14.6560 24.5978 27.4601 28.0325 27.9792 27.7614 27.5562 27.4240 27.3180 27.2219
u14 15.4281 16.1335 26.6926 29.7208 30.3180 30.2241 29.9475 29.6937 29.5290 29.3975 29.2822
u15 16.0896 17.4553 28.7584 32.0195 32.6497 32.5080 32.1630 31.8534 31.6506 31.4900 31.3522
u16 17.8031 18.9459 30.9410 34.3908 35.0362 34.8341 34.4104 34.0374 33.7912 33.5976 33.4333
u17 18.9158 20.3994 33.1475 36.8221 37.4807 37.2058 36.6926 36.2478 35.9521 35.7214 35.5286
u18 20.5417 21.9560 35.4574 39.3347 39.9907 39.6274 39.0134 38.4877 38.1359 37.8626 37.6368
u19 21.9857 23.5351 37.8330 41.9281 42.5704 42.1029 41.3762 40.7588 40.3444 40.0228 39.7614
u20 23.6361 25.2008 40.3158 44.6167 45.2248 44.6370 43.7840 43.0657 42.5801 42.2047 41.9019
u21 25.2935 26.9290 42.9015 47.4057 47.9613 47.2349 46.2412 45.4110 44.8462 44.4090 44.0606
u22 27.0746 28.7504 45.6132 50.3061 50.7879 49.9025 48.7528 47.7990 47.1463 46.6413 46.2405
u23 28.9429 30.6660 48.4574 53.3265 53.7113 52.6466 51.3243 50.2344 49.4838 48.9030 48.4433
u24 30.9398 32.6931 51.4505 56.4788 56.7408 55.4760 53.9630 52.7229 51.8619 51.1973 50.6724
u25 33.0715 34.8412 54.6068 59.7763 59.8883 58.4008 56.6777 55.2711 54.2893 53.5305 52.9293
u26 35.3606 37.1247 57.9431 63.2360 63.1703 61.4335 59.4783 57.8899 56.7734 55.9080 55.2244
u27 37.8240 39.5605 61.4829 66.8796 66.6073 64.5910 62.3797 60.5886 59.3222 58.3376 57.5609
u28 40.4876 42.1719 65.2585 70.7389 70.2237 67.8970 65.4018 63.3861 61.9504 60.8316 59.9460
u29 43.3896 44.9941 69.3198 74.8651 74.0651 71.3880 68.5763 66.3072 64.6797 63.4096 62.3996
u30 46.6014 48.0918 73.7587 79.3419 78.2083 75.1280 71.9563 69.3942 67.5467 66.1014 64.9470
u31 50.2840 51.6166 78.7813 84.3684 82.8265 79.2656 75.6675 72.7558 70.6393 68.9832 67.6450
e2)用于衰落信道的4096-QAM或者64-PAM(选项1)
SNR 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
u1 1.0037 1.0034 1.0348 1.0952 1.0016 1.0009 1.0005 1.0084 1.0011 1.0013 1.4601
u2 1.0162 1.0343 1.0617 1.1176 1.0241 1.0018 1.0036 1.4936 2.2772 2.6447 3.2217
u3 1.0240 1.0678 1.0884 1.1793 1.0305 1.0041 1.0043 1.4944 2.2777 2.6458 3.6969
u4 1.1921 1.3907 1.5640 2.0417 2.0126 2.3581 2.6689 3.2663 4.1425 4.5751 5.6208
u5 1.2171 1.4100 1.5873 2.1063 2.0228 2.3589 2.6691 3.2663 4.1430 4.5762 6.1651
u6 1.2361 1.4531 1.6033 2.1127 2.0502 2.3605 2.6803 3.8388 5.4771 6.2622 7.8852
u7 1.2492 1.4877 1.6363 2.1955 2.0517 2.3634 2.6818 3.8552 5.4782 6.2644 8.5434
u8 2.3653 2.8845 3.2972 3.9998 3.8921 4.3057 4.6463 5.7758 7.4940 8.3068 10.4374
u9 2.3776 2.9044 3.3210 4.0789 3.9027 4.3085 4.6470 5.7801 7.4956 8.3148 11.2098
u10 2.4146 2.9464 3.3431 4.0949 3.9258 4.3091 4.7142 6.5005 8.9584 10.0754 12.8922
u11 2.4330 2.9727 3.3727 4.1576 3.9303 4.3106 4.7159 6.5026 8.9599 10.1075 13.7819
u12 2.5921 3.2909 3.8752 5.0460 5.1105 5.9019 6.4314 8.2437 10.9416 12.1137 15.6075
u13 2.6018 3.3308 3.8838 5.1032 5.1251 5.9026 6.4322 8.2470 10.9430 12.2240 16.6372
u14 2.6036 3.3538 3.9079 5.1106 5.1577 5.9275 6.6966 9.2839 12.6130 13.9827 18.3518
u15 2.6134 3.3538 3.9575 5.2402 5.1622 5.9305 6.6977 9.2923 12.6172 14.2759 19.5480
u16 4.4724 5.2413 5.8593 7.1349 7.1838 8.0530 8.5878 11.2148 14.8247 16.1910 21.4467
u17 4.4904 5.2557 5.9016 7.2435 7.2025 8.0584 8.5900 11.2224 14.8505 16.7578 22.7923
u18 4.5233 5.2967 5.9330 7.2709 7.2402 8.2244 9.2676 12.5840 16.7154 18.3893 24.6241
u19 4.5370 5.3428 5.9400 7.3156 7.2402 8.2272 9.2676 12.5847 16.8401 19.2507 26.1464
u20 4.7553 5.7766 6.6383 8.4305 8.7991 10.0062 10.9491 14.5161 18.9533 21.0189 28.1725
u21 4.7821 5.8104 6.6641 8.4825 8.8222 10.0149 10.9503 14.5520 19.3674 22.1700 29.8997
u22 4.8082 5.8291 6.6807 8.5209 9.0392 10.6920 12.1865 16.2361 21.2176 23.9044 32.0068
u23 4.8130 5.8737 6.7033 8.6186 9.0422 10.6920 12.2150 16.4697 22.1503 25.3694 34.0023
u24 6.2441 7.4671 8.5303 10.4806 10.9914 12.7390 14.0922 18.4450 24.2033 27.3692 36.4075
u25 6.2893 7.4955 8.5634 10.5693 10.9914 12.7601 14.2864 19.1390 25.6388 29.1536 38.7203
u26 6.2893 7.5445 8.6516 10.7902 11.8153 14.1858 15.8472 20.9184 27.7224 31.3403 41.3928
u27 6.3436 7.6168 8.6551 10.7902 11.8939 14.5324 16.6065 22.3106 29.7261 33.5729 44.1720
u28 7.0226 8.5293 9.9244 12.4877 13.6889 16.4941 18.4985 24.4836 32.3433 36.2788 47.4221
u29 7.0606 8.5418 9.9244 12.4922 14.1769 17.7125 20.1454 26.6758 35.1307 39.2095 50.9584
u30 7.4057 9.0421 10.6101 13.4485 15.9473 20.0492 22.5947 29.6354 38.6833 42.8367 55.2496
u31 7.6853 9.2770 10.9700 13.9607 18.0971 23.1093 25.8301 33.4923 43.2861 47.4796 60.6968
SNR 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
u1 2.3630 2.7143 2.8569 2.9146 2.9430 2.9572 2.9626
u2 4.2240 4.6431 4.8201 4.8928 4.9295 4.9485 4.9531
u3 5.5916 6.3624 6.6825 6.8138 6.8769 6.9108 6.9193
u4 7.5711 8.3609 8.6875 8.8217 8.8852 8.9195 8.9261
u5 8.9677 10.1017 10.5677 10.7565 10.8452 10.8923 10.9017
u6 10.8558 12.0656 12.5624 12.7646 12.8566 12.9054 12.9128
u7 12.3100 13.8453 14.4705 14.7240 14.8372 14.8969 14.9042
u8 14.3495 15.9079 16.5327 16.7803 16.8878 16.9453 16.9457
u9 15.8626 17.7314 18.4764 18.7717 18.8959 18.9623 18.9619
u10 17.8122 19.7689 20.5381 20.8410 20.9630 21.0277 21.0190
u11 19.4002 21.6494 22.5319 22.8716 23.0051 23.0767 23.0663
u12 21.4914 23.7930 24.6692 25.0032 25.1259 25.1890 25.1683
u13 23.1749 25.7482 26.7175 27.0846 27.2145 27.2800 27.2540
u14 25.2444 27.9133 28.8962 29.2543 29.3711 29.4289 29.3923
u15 27.0554 29.9674 31.0256 31.4026 31.5200 31.5729 31.5300
u16 29.3071 32.2781 33.3164 33.6672 33.7575 33.7939 33.7339
u17 31.2488 34.4427 35.5372 35.8963 35.9772 36.0047 35.9322
u18 33.5157 36.8096 37.8974 38.2279 38.2797 38.2878 38.1965
u19 35.6233 39.1139 40.2361 40.5572 40.5894 40.5810 40.4746
u20 38.1010 41.6634 42.7477 43.0181 43.0067 42.9681 42.8356
u21 40.4118 44.1431 45.2395 45.4777 45.4325 45.3693 45.2134
u22 43.0288 46.8438 47.9000 48.0709 47.9708 47.8722 47.6880
u23 45.6116 49.5583 50.5912 50.7048 50.5545 50.4196 50.2024
u24 48.5564 52.5523 53.4949 53.5164 53.2904 53.1044 52.8455
u25 51.4802 55.5697 56.4532 56.3844 56.0878 55.8498 55.5491
u26 54.7552 58.8833 59.6566 59.4612 59.0692 58.7671 58.4167
u27 58.1823 62.3637 63.0156 62.6864 62.1896 61.8161 61.4120
u28 62.1034 66.2736 66.7414 66.2379 65.6055 65.1352 64.6642
u29 66.3748 70.5252 70.7893 70.0851 69.2959 68.7220 68.1765
u30 71.4868 75.5508 75.5368 74.5533 73.5731 72.8440 72.1957
u31 77.9207 81.8329 81.4363 80.0774 78.8139 77.8906 77.1759
e3)用于非衰落信道的4096-QAM/64-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
u1 0,9997 0,9978 0,9991 1 1,0007 1,0007 1 0,9557 1,0614 0,9551 0,98 0,9906 0,9983 1,0028
u2 0,9987 0,9964 0,9907 0,9992 1,0007 1,0013 0,9998 0,9995 1,132 1,0662 0,9665 0,9929 0,9872 0,9951
u3 0,9992 0,9959 0,9909 1,0013 1,0018 1,0022 0,9998 1,0455 1,0635 1,1175 0,9872 1,0026 0,9889 0,9923
u4 0,9952 0,9939 0,9506 0,9912 0,9956 0,9997 0,9991 1,0963 1,1367 1,2469 1,0968 1,0043 0,9773 0,9706
u5 0,9949 0,9927 0,9497 0,9904 0,9958 1,0001 0,999 1,0477 1,2106 1,1914 1,0729 0,9947 0,9757 0,9733
u6 0,9959 0,9925 0,9569 0,9928 0,9977 1,0007 0,999 1,0005 1,1354 1,0632 1,0886 0,9926 0,9867 0,9808
u7 0,9964 0,9925 0,9572 0,9948 0,9985 1,0012 0,9989 1,0469 1,067 1,1141 1,1127 1,0022 0,9885 0,9781
u8 0,9979 0,996 0,82 0,9969 1,0009 1,0011 0,9982 1,0953 1,1392 1,2422 1,5245 1,8225 2,2129 2,5779
u9 0,9971 0,9926 0,8212 0,9946 0,9999 1,0006 0,9981 1,0475 1,2127 1,1856 1,4974 1,8028 2,201 2,5773
u10 0,9956 0,9897 0,8169 0,9928 0,9977 1,0004 0,998 1,0967 1,2926 1,3288 1,484 1,8262 2,1995 2,564
u11 0,9956 0,988 0,8184 0,992 0,9969 0,9997 0,9977 1,1472 1,2149 1,3855 1,5124 1,8468 2,2116 2,5645
u12 0,9999 1,0001 0,8477 1,0019 1,0015 1 0,998 1,0951 1,1374 1,2436 1,3501 1,8228 2,2139 2,5865
u13 0,9993 0,9984 0,8477 1,0004 1,0011 0,9998 0,9979 1,047 1,2107 1,1876 1,3224 1,8029 2,2021 2,5859
u14 1,0002 0,9981 0,8539 1,0011 1,0023 0,9996 0,9977 1,0003 1,1352 1,059 1,338 1,781 2,2032 2,5981
u15 1,0006 0,9988 0,8548 1,0027 1,0023 0,9993 0,9976 1,0466 1,0674 1,1096 1,365 1,7998 2,2143 2,599
u16 1,0013 0,9984 1,3062 2,2808 2,8695 3,3381 3,672 3,6931 4,5055 4,0594 3,6916 3,9511 4,3515 4,733
u17 1,0009 0,9976 1,306 2,276 2,8682 3,3383 3,6706 4,1143 4,0708 4,49 3,7952 3,9685 4,3262 4,6905
u18 1,0001 0,9975 1,2944 2,2716 2,8549 3,3373 3,668 3,692 3,8547 3,9737 3,9649 4,1043 4,4877 4,7651
u19 1,0006 0,9989 1,2962 2,2767 2,8579 3,3377 3,6688 3,4797 4,0617 3,7447 3,8381 4,0787 4,5102 4,8115
u20 0,9966 0,9843 1,2316 2,2476 2,8174 3,3366 3,6668 3,3388 3,8426 3,5963 3,7694 4,2066 4,6844 5,1505
u21 0,9965 0,9862 1,2316 2,2428 2,816 3,3366 3,6654 3,4788 3,7127 3,7506 3,8549 4,2413 4,6695 5,1004
u22 0,9979 0,9883 1,2438 2,2472 2,8316 3,338 3,6687 3,693 3,8504 3,9858 3,7378 4,1047 4,4864 4,988
u23 0,9988 0,9908 1,2452 2,2521 2,8344 3,3383 3,6697 3,4793 4,0539 3,7531 3,6629 4,0789 4,5089 5,0366
u24 0,9975 0,9885 1,5288 2,2442 2,8217 3,3383 3,6695 3,695 4,5123 4,0459 4,3425 6,0223 6,8569 7,2668
u25 0,9969 0,9892 1,527 2,2404 2,8202 3,3377 3,6672 4,1199 4,0697 4,4707 4,5777 6,3293 7,2964 7,5851
u26 0,9957 0,9906 1,5113 2,237 2,8068 3,3353 3,6622 3,6994 3,8542 3,9657 4,7092 5,9321 6,867 7,6187
u27 0,996 0,992 1,5119 2,2422 2,8098 3,3356 3,663 3,4819 4,0606 3,7388 4,5292 5,7308 6,6111 7,3641
u28 1,0002 0,9931 1,6026 2,2672 2,849 3,34 3,6708 3,6937 4,5158 4,0294 5,7423 6,024 6,8485 8,1001
u29 0,9996 0,9947 1,6004 2,264 2,8464 3,3382 3,6682 4,1221 4,0742 4,4504 5,71 6,3295 7,2893 8,6424
u30 1,0003 0,9972 1,6155 2,2689 2,86 3,3379 3,6703 6,9367 4,5402 6,1369 6,5297 7,621 8,7159 9,8487
u31 1,0005 1,0011 1,6156 2,2746 2,8614 3,3359 3,6701 4,1219 7,7332 7,8583 8,2835 9,5686 10,848 12,0736
SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
u1 1,0012 1,0004 1,0001 1,0001 1,0017 0,9994 0,9991 1,0002 1,0004 0,9988 1,0002 1,0002 0,9995 0,9998
u2 1,0012 1,0025 0,9995 0,9931 0,9949 0,9978 0,9973 0,9989 0,9993 0,9997 1,0165 1,1141 2,1397 2,7888
u3 1,0002 1,0027 0,9992 0,9935 0,9925 0,9974 0,9973 1 0,9997 1,0012 1,0173 1,1147 2,1405 2,7905
u4 0,9684 0,9816 1,0059 1,0493 1,182 1,5796 2,455 2,8426 2,9714 3,0025 3,0148 3,08 4,1242 4,7995
u5 0,9695 0,9821 1,006 1,0522 1,1824 1,5808 2,4551 2,8429 2,9714 3,0028 3,0143 3,0802 4,124 4,8013
u6 0,9697 0,9806 1,0066 1,0576 1,1891 1,5819 2,4541 2,8411 2,9706 3,0134 3,0663 3,3089 5,4109 6,6532
u7 0,9688 0,9802 1,0065 1,0566 1,188 1,5815 2,4543 2,8404 2,9705 3,0122 3,0667 3,3087 5,4124 6,6551
u8 2,7742 2,898 2,9707 3,0198 3,1266 3,5406 4,4866 4,9057 5,0421 5,061 5,0494 5,1723 7,3692 8,7048
u9 2,7759 2,8996 2,9696 3,016 3,1241 3,5415 4,4867 4,9067 5,0432 5,0601 5,0501 5,1727 7,3707 8,706
u10 2,7715 2,9072 2,9916 3,0457 3,1402 3,541 4,4834 4,9035 5,0525 5,1122 5,2228 5,6928 8,9013 10,681
u11 2,77 2,9062 2,9926 3,0494 3,1422 3,5425 4,4833 4,9039 5,0525 5,1118 5,2217 5,6928 8,9024 10,6801
u12 2,8379 3,0216 3,1657 3,3215 3,6581 4,5549 6,2418 6,9491 7,1699 7,1725 7,1285 7,4272 10,8677 12,8191
u13 2,8393 3,0233 3,1642 3,3159 3,6531 4,5542 6,2414 6,9493 7,1687 7,1707 7,1292 7,4281 10,8681 12,8187
u14 2,844 3,017 3,1421 3,2814 3,6249 4,5445 6,2417 6,9759 7,25 7,3803 7,6122 8,4242 12,6721 14,9756
u15 2,843 3,0158 3,1438 3,2861 3,6295 4,5453 6,2415 6,9762 7,2509 7,3814 7,6109 8,4241 12,6723 14,9747
u16 4,911 5,0847 5,2173 5,3247 5,5906 6,5342 8,4252 9,2104 9,4291 9,3921 9,4171 10,0811 14,7326 17,2923
u17 4,8946 5,078 5,2225 5,3361 5,5964 6,5309 8,4176 9,2059 9,4328 9,3936 9,4161 10,0799 14,7331 17,2755
u18 4,8828 5,032 5,1525 5,263 5,5632 6,5493 8,4939 9,3909 9,7733 10,0241 10,4656 11,538 16,821 19,7523
u19 4,8993 5,0389 5,1478 5,2534 5,5595 6,5509 8,5005 9,3955 9,768 10,0192 10,4628 11,5406 16,8423 19,666
u20 5,4537 5,6751 5,8353 6,0525 6,7077 8,1966 10,6339 11,6235 11,9277 11,9919 12,2335 13,2526 19,0855 22,4952
u21 5,4274 5,661 5,8447 6,0828 6,7436 8,2344 10,6663 11,6306 11,9181 11,9835 12,2406 13,2955 19,2025 22,1794
u22 5,4211 5,7314 5,9947 6,2932 6,9708 8,5154 11,1197 12,3574 12,9096 13,3504 13,8605 15,0255 21,46 25,7242
u23 5,446 5,7457 5,9865 6,2653 6,934 8,4705 11,0711 12,3354 12,9262 13,3985 13,9572 15,2319 21,8968 24,8484
u24 7,601 7,9092 8,1116 8,2986 8,8843 10,5567 13,4789 14,6975 15,1159 15,345 15,7488 16,9733 24,1121 29,7447
u25 7,6905 7,9139 8,0671 8,234 8,8098 10,4713 13,4082 14,7119 15,2287 15,5598 16,121 17,6005 25,2362 28,0103
u26 8,0227 8,3661 8,5885 8,7912 9,4292 11,2659 14,6004 16,3761 17,081 17,4332 17,9118 19,3511 27,4658 34,5679
u27 7,8908 8,3208 8,642 8,9175 9,6219 11,5386 14,97 16,8358 17,7127 18,2141 18,9411 20,7343 29,5377 32,086
u28 9,4399 10,0496 10,4616 10,7875 11,5373 13,6107 17,3205 19,1194 19,8684 20,2666 20,8688 22,6464 32,0788 40,6327
u29 9,7624 10,4834 10,962 11,3065 12,0909 14,2876 18,2519 20,3764 21,561 22,2111 22,9314 24,8269 35,0018 37,4081
u30 10,8696 11,8503 12,6479 13,2236 14,1807 16,6639 21,0844 23,2372 24,2835 24,8299 25,4818 27,4224 38,4187 45,0872
u31 13,0935 14,0851 14,9452 15,6218 16,7225 19,5472 24,5629 26,8501 27,8003 28,1675 28,6568 30,5887 42,5428 49,499
SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 0,9976 0,9987 1,0014 1,025 2,4413 2,8939 2,9843 2,9997 3,0019 3,0007 3,0007 3,0003 2,9995
u2 2,9488 2,9915 3,0025 3,018 4,4383 4,8976 4,9895 5,0043 5,0061 5,0036 5,003 5,0018 5,001
u3 2,9479 2,9924 3,0037 3,0632 5,9167 6,8058 6,9842 7,0135 7,0137 7,0097 7,0074 7,0054 7,0045
u4 4,9619 5,0094 5,0187 5,0331 7,9068 8,8211 9,0048 9,0324 9,0288 9,0203 9,0152 9,0116 9,0111
u5 4,9639 5,011 5,0222 5,1327 9,4519 10,7571 11,0224 11,0604 11,0525 11,0369 11,0279 11,0206 11,0185
u6 6,9622 7,042 7,0521 7,0424 11,4366 12,7933 13,0677 13,1031 13,086 13,0608 13,0457 13,0341 13,0292
u7 6,9646 7,0451 7,0661 7,2657 13,0678 14,7709 15,1192 15,1604 15,1306 15,0937 15,0694 15,0521 15,0437
u8 9,0372 9,1166 9,1087 9,0645 15,0544 16,8389 17,2032 17,2373 17,1893 17,1369 17,1017 17,0762 17,0621
u9 9,0366 9,12 9,1529 9,5267 16,783 18,8721 19,3026 19,3344 19,2643 19,1918 19,1426 19,1063 19,0849
u10 11,1331 11,2301 11,1846 11,1868 18,7849 20,9854 21,4382 21,4555 21,3571 21,2603 21,194 21,1446 21,1144
u11 11,1295 11,2429 11,3066 11,9962 20,6177 23,0888 23,5996 23,6025 23,4702 23,3435 23,2559 23,1917 23,1505
u12 13,3129 13,3994 13,2789 13,5349 22,654 25,265 25,8011 25,7794 25,6052 25,4431 25,3306 25,2483 25,1935
u13 13,316 13,4449 13,5855 14,661 24,5975 27,4555 28,0387 27,9889 27,7649 27,5612 27,4193 27,3164 27,2455
u14 15,5542 15,6103 15,4321 16,1384 26,6918 29,7155 30,3242 30,2341 29,9519 29,6994 29,5231 29,3957 29,3073
u15 15,58 15,7567 16,0956 17,4614 28,7572 32,0137 32,6572 32,518 32,1673 31,8602 31,6441 31,4885 31,3787
u16 17,887 17,8671 17,8082 18,9525 30,94 34,3846 35,0455 34,8442 34,4149 34,0451 33,7833 33,5958 33,4606
u17 17,9845 18,2619 18,9235 20,4071 33,1458 36,8156 37,4911 37,2161 36,6987 36,2565 35,9437 35,7192 35,5554
u18 20,2884 20,2456 20,5488 21,964 35,4548 39,3279 40,0014 39,6382 39,0206 38,4973 38,1256 37,8593 37,6646
u19 20,6026 21,1199 21,993 23,5441 37,8295 41,9212 42,5806 42,1143 41,383 40,7696 40,3329 40,0202 39,7891
u20 22,8105 22,9898 23,6434 25,2095 40,3124 44,6095 45,2363 44,6495 43,79 43,0773 42,5661 42,2016 41,9315
u21 23,6105 24,4211 25,3021 26,9381 42,8978 47,3978 47,9743 47,2486 46,2474 45,4239 44,8319 44,407 44,0928
u22 25,7141 26,2598 27,0831 28,76 45,609 50,2974 50,8009 49,9168 48,7598 47,8129 47,1293 46,6391 46,2746
u23 27,2209 28,0726 28,951 30,6768 48,453 53,3172 53,7241 52,6624 51,3323 50,249 49,4658 48,9001 48,4795
u24 29,302 30,0719 30,9486 32,7041 51,4455 56,4693 56,7544 55,4931 53,9725 52,7382 51,8433 51,1958 50,7105
u25 31,3751 32,209 33,0801 34,8521 54,6007 59,7663 59,9029 58,419 56,6876 55,2875 54,2702 53,5266 52,974
u26 33,7153 34,532 35,3703 37,136 57,9366 63,2251 63,1856 61,4525 59,489 57,9066 56,7507 55,9047 55,2723
u27 36,2816 37,0684 37,8335 39,572 61,4759 66,868 66,6219 64,6108 62,39 60,607 59,2976 58,3332 57,6109
u28 39,1419 39,8412 40,4977 42,1824 65,2512 70,7275 70,2394 67,918 65,413 63,4057 61,9235 60,8256 60,0019
u29 42,336 42,8943 43,4022 45,0041 69,3127 74,8524 74,0829 71,4105 68,5885 66,3283 64,6487 63,4014 62,4582
u30 45,9471 46,3002 46,6146 48,1025 73,7506 79,3277 78,2264 75,1519 71,9717 69,4194 67,5124 66,0884 65,0072
u31 50,1806 50,2503 50,2989 51,6274 78,7737 84,3532 82,8441 79,2912 75,6839 72,7834 70,6068 68,9588 67,7069
e4)用于衰落信道的4096-QAM/64-PAM(选项2)
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
u1 0,9963 0,9978 1,0042 1,0018 0,9993 1,0199 1,0097 1,0072 1,0028 0,9994 0,9999 0,9996 1,0002 1,0005
u2 0,9888 0,995 1,0058 1,0009 1 1,0401 1,0467 1,0288 1,0323 1,0103 1,0036 0,9995 1 1,0007
u3 0,9918 0,9943 1,0101 1,0036 1,0003 1,0198 1,0337 1,018 1,0303 1,0099 1,0047 0,9997 1,0001 1,0009
u4 0,9541 0,9962 0,9955 0,9907 1,0023 1,0376 1,0885 1,0841 1,0665 1,0416 1,0207 1,0048 0,9958 0,9914
u5 0,9509 0,9947 0,9963 0,9911 1,0019 1,0575 1,1007 1,0947 1,0687 1,0415 1,0205 1,0045 0,9959 0,9919
u6 0,9572 0,994 1,0008 0,9947 1,0008 1,0371 1,0611 1,0713 1,0375 1,0295 1,018 1,0044 0,9963 0,9921
u7 0,9601 0,9933 1,0043 0,998 0,9999 1,0167 1,049 1,061 1,0352 1,0293 1,0191 1,0045 0,9965 0,9922
u8 0,8508 0,9904 1,0057 0,9981 1,0011 1,0359 1,1057 1,2062 1,3196 1,4848 1,7124 1,9789 2,2284 2,4296
u9 0,8497 0,9921 1,0036 0,9975 1,0009 1,0568 1,1177 1,2173 1,323 1,4854 1,7111 1,9774 2,229 2,4304
u10 0,8453 0,9927 0,9998 0,9957 1,0008 1,0777 1,1579 1,2437 1,3637 1,5033 1,7169 1,977 2,2279 2,4297
u11 0,8497 0,9966 0,9966 0,9945 1,0008 1,0584 1,1449 1,2318 1,3601 1,5036 1,7176 1,9772 2,2285 2,4298
u12 0,8794 0,9961 1,0066 1,0036 0,9997 1,04 1,0892 1,1572 1,3143 1,456 1,6837 1,9674 2,2398 2,4752
u13 0,8775 0,9967 1,0043 1,0016 1 1,0598 1,1014 1,1687 1,3174 1,4567 1,6825 1,9661 2,2404 2,4761
u14 0,8838 0,9993 1,0044 1,0026 0,9999 1,0395 1,0619 1,144 1,2769 1,4404 1,6764 1,9651 2,2423 2,4776
u15 0,887 1,0004 1,0046 1,0026 1,0005 1,0192 1,05 1,1336 1,2731 1,4409 1,6771 1,9652 2,2428 2,4777
u16 1,3685 2,044 2,4233 2,7677 2,9386 3,5023 3,4408 3,2474 3,2673 3,4167 3,6611 3,9531 4,2293 4,4538
u17 1,3632 2,0409 2,4206 2,7543 2,926 3,031 3,3601 3,2589 3,2953 3,4403 3,6759 3,9601 4,2313 4,4531
u18 1,3522 2,036 2,4072 2,7164 2,8659 2,7928 3,1046 3,2433 3,3198 3,4991 3,737 4,0075 4,2628 4,4661
u19 1,3584 2,0387 2,4131 2,7296 2,876 3,0328 3,1327 3,2291 3,2928 3,4736 3,7215 3,9997 4,2609 4,4673
u20 1,2937 2,0217 2,3696 2,6067 2,872 2,7985 2,8894 3,0788 3,3078 3,5536 3,8874 4,2677 4,632 4,955
u21 1,2893 2,0179 2,3654 2,5953 2,8622 2,6481 2,879 3,0908 3,3328 3,5791 3,9074 4,2792 4,6369 4,954
u22 1,3005 2,0217 2,3804 2,6264 2,9212 2,7978 2,9999 3,0955 3,3114 3,5221 3,8387 4,2143 4,5858 4,9287
u23 1,3059 2,0243 2,3849 2,6377 2,9333 3,0347 3,0216 3,0827 3,286 3,4971 3,8215 4,2031 4,5824 4,9304
u24 1,536 2,0277 2,3595 2,6209 2,931 3,5055 3,4745 3,7641 4,5388 4,8012 5,2768 5,7983 6,2845 6,6904
u25 1,5286 2,0274 2,3608 2,611 2,9209 3,0294 3,3939 3,7415 4,5688 4,8766 5,3692 5,8801 6,3465 6,73
u26 1,5142 2,0263 2,351 2,5814 2,8639 2,7958 3,1184 3,6371 4,2838 4,7955 5,3854 5,9967 6,555 7,028
u27 1,5207 2,0302 2,3596 2,5937 2,8759 3,0301 3,1528 3,6471 4,2441 4,7386 5,3092 5,9145 6,4785 6,9667
u28 1,6081 2,0374 2,397 2,7137 2,8798 3,4906 3,7542 4,4918 4,6545 5,4141 6,1357 6,9502 7,6934 8,3177
u29 1,5999 2,0376 2,3962 2,7007 2,8677 3,0254 3,6131 4,3043 4,6739 5,427 6,2138 7,0723 7,8706 8,5561
u30 1,6138 2,0443 2,4108 2,7391 2,9274 3,4965 4,488 4,9563 5,6429 6,2434 7,0601 7,9787 8,901 9,7418
u31 1,6203 2,0495 2,4173 2,752 2,9369 5,0575 5,6783 6,2681 6,9732 7,6928 8,5941 9,597 10,5869 11,4949
SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
u1 1,0004 1,0002 1,0002 0,9998 0,999 0,9988 0,9995 0,9999 1,0013 0,9999 1,001 0,9997 1,0009 0,9992
u2 1,0009 0,9991 0,9984 0,9984 1,0001 0,9996 0,9992 1,0004 1,0032 1,0364 1,3959 1,9271 2,272 2,494
u3 1,0008 0,9992 0,9986 0,9983 0,9997 0,998 0,9988 1,0013 1,0018 1,037 1,3944 1,9264 2,2732 2,4945
u4 0,9953 1,0125 1,067 1,2356 1,6294 2,0374 2,3337 2,5341 2,6647 2,7604 3,1499 3,7388 4,1332 4,3943
u5 0,9956 1,0127 1,067 1,2354 1,6298 2,0374 2,3334 2,5347 2,6639 2,7604 3,1496 3,7379 4,1327 4,3952
u6 0,9956 1,0133 1,0683 1,2372 1,6304 2,0374 2,3318 2,5328 2,6769 2,8536 3,6527 4,7448 5,4651 5,9409
u7 0,9957 1,0135 1,0683 1,2366 1,6304 2,0366 2,3321 2,5362 2,6761 2,8534 3,6538 4,7432 5,4655 5,9407
u8 2,5769 2,6774 2,7777 2,9864 3,4541 3,93 4,2773 4,5077 4,6411 4,7342 5,5345 6,7158 7,4777 7,9756
u9 2,5774 2,6773 2,7771 2,9867 3,4539 3,931 4,2766 4,5089 4,6405 4,7345 5,5352 6,7145 7,478 7,9745
u10 2,5794 2,6833 2,784 2,9906 3,4555 3,9297 4,2772 4,5202 4,7063 5,0028 6,2647 7,8812 8,9382 9,6301
u11 2,5793 2,6837 2,7837 2,9912 3,4561 3,9294 4,2768 4,5204 4,7061 5,0025 6,2637 7,8827 8,9384 9,6296
u12 2,6756 2,8656 3,1097 3,5858 4,4555 5,277 5,8584 6,2318 6,4228 6,6184 7,9618 9,7611 10,9166 11,6754
u13 2,6764 2,8653 3,1091 3,5859 4,4552 5,2757 5,8595 6,2314 6,4225 6,6189 7,9616 9,7632 10,9185 11,6664
u14 2,6747 2,8576 3,1006 3,577 4,4507 5,2792 5,8832 6,3219 6,6852 7,215 8,9989 11,1777 12,5855 13,5279
u15 2,6746 2,8581 3,1004 3,5775 4,4509 5,2795 5,8851 6,3212 6,6842 7,2149 8,9993 11,1786 12,5908 13,4849
u16 4,6252 4,7674 4,9751 5,474 6,4759 7,4011 8,0147 8,3718 8,5777 8,9581 10,8873 13,2883 14,7944 15,8428
u17 4,6243 4,7676 4,9767 5,4757 6,4751 7,3997 8,0136 8,372 8,5775 8,9585 10,885 13,2918 14,8184 15,6955
u18 4,6188 4,7505 4,9585 5,4675 6,4921 7,4646 8,1858 8,7429 9,2532 9,94 12,2345 14,9831 16,6805 18,0725
u19 4,62 4,7491 4,9578 5,4681 6,4921 7,4665 8,1853 8,7398 9,2525 9,9394 12,2364 15,0095 16,8025 17,6716
u20 5,246 5,5472 5,9566 6,7028 8,0145 9,1828 9,9708 10,5001 10,9359 11,5978 14,1236 17,1287 18,9131 20,8359
u21 5,2441 5,5486 5,9602 6,7104 8,0232 9,1919 9,9745 10,4999 10,9341 11,6041 14,1646 17,2749 19,325 20,0208
u22 5,2556 5,6032 6,0637 6,8816 8,3055 9,641 10,6757 11,4966 12,1712 12,9965 15,8137 19,1281 21,168 23,862
u23 5,2584 5,602 6,0592 6,8738 8,2927 9,6278 10,6671 11,5018 12,202 13,088 16,0518 19,6555 22,0945 22,6034
u24 7,0279 7,3462 7,7844 8,6613 10,2586 11,7039 12,7329 13,483 14,0789 14,878 17,9826 21,7256 24,1425 27,5194
u25 7,0459 7,3437 7,7662 8,6344 10,2325 11,6913 12,7532 13,5672 14,2758 15,2586 18,6869 22,8323 25,575 25,8754
u26 7,4305 7,8203 8,3639 9,4101 11,2613 12,9619 14,2091 15,1187 15,8369 16,8096 20,4248 24,7955 27,6541 31,8142
u27 7,3941 7,8194 8,4057 9,5027 11,4236 13,2128 14,5744 15,6519 16,6054 17,8237 21,8049 26,5569 29,6567 29,6686
u28 8,8516 9,3478 9,9831 11,1654 13,2585 15,161 16,5544 17,6098 18,5 19,6965 23,9472 29,0147 32,2679 37,1329
u29 9,1461 9,7003 10,4171 11,7322 14,0437 16,204 17,8423 19,1046 20,1574 21,4926 26,1156 31,5831 35,0526 34,4897
u30 10,4828 11,1807 12,0295 13,5243 16,1109 18,4804 20,2275 21,5413 22,6144 23,9997 29,0224 34,929 38,6023 41,5575
u31 12,3176 13,1061 14,0796 15,7967 18,7604 21,4433 23,3683 24,7641 25,8663 27,2995 32,8238 39,2987 43,2007 45,9849
SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
u1 1,0006 1,0043 1,4608 2,031 2,3634 2,5782 2,7135 2,8007 2,8562 2,8925 2,9145 2,932 2,9432
u2 2,6454 2,7379 3,2219 3,8448 4,2255 4,4775 4,6426 4,7502 4,8197 4,8656 4,8927 4,9155 4,9282
u3 2,6449 2,746 3,6983 4,8763 5,5926 6,0595 6,3617 6,5573 6,6818 6,7624 6,8134 6,8524 6,8778
u4 4,5762 4,6828 5,6197 6,8402 7,5722 8,051 8,3598 8,5611 8,6878 8,7697 8,8219 8,8609 8,8865
u5 4,5757 4,7079 6,1651 7,912 8,9681 9,6583 10,0999 10,3859 10,5661 10,6838 10,7566 10,8106 10,8472
u6 6,2598 6,4365 7,8821 9,7373 10,8558 11,5914 12,0627 12,3691 12,5612 12,6874 12,763 12,8207 12,8615
u7 6,2627 6,5065 8,5398 10,8859 12,31 13,2454 13,8413 14,2281 14,47 14,6273 14,7205 14,7934 14,8444
u8 8,3042 8,4445 10,4315 12,8891 14,3481 15,3017 15,9032 16,2913 16,5325 16,6862 16,7743 16,8469 16,8975
u9 8,3131 8,6065 11,2028 14,1091 15,8609 17,0043 17,7263 18,1889 18,4766 18,6587 18,7627 18,8479 18,907
u10 10,0729 10,254 12,8833 15,9704 17,8101 19,0084 19,7625 20,244 20,5396 20,7276 20,8283 20,9151 20,9752
u11 10,1062 10,5627 13,7734 17,2797 19,3987 20,7764 21,6431 22,1941 22,5302 22,7431 22,8571 22,9529 23,0199
u12 12,1078 12,3025 15,599 19,2948 21,4876 22,9043 23,7857 24,3407 24,6737 24,8824 24,9883 25,0776 25,1403
u13 12,2211 12,8281 16,6269 20,7185 23,1709 24,7554 25,7402 26,3568 26,7257 26,9539 27,0702 27,1641 27,23
u14 13,9787 14,3539 18,3392 22,6727 25,2367 26,8878 27,9051 28,5338 28,9056 29,1316 29,2408 29,3276 29,3905
u15 14,2723 15,1126 19,5353 24,2439 27,0471 28,8505 29,9595 30,6383 31,0373 31,2752 31,3895 31,4767 31,5389
u16 16,1851 16,7817 21,4333 26,3916 29,2986 31,147 32,2702 32,9453 33,3306 33,5558 33,6536 33,727 33,7773
u17 16,7562 17,7277 22,7796 28,1062 31,2381 33,2292 34,4336 35,1516 35,5544 35,7864 35,8824 35,9518 35,997
u18 18,3851 19,2664 24,6112 30,2335 33,5042 35,5666 36,7993 37,5228 37,9155 38,1359 38,2116 38,2677 38,2999
u19 19,2499 20,3968 26,1323 32,1242 35,6097 37,8022 39,1019 39,8565 40,2573 40,4733 40,5406 40,5882 40,6091
u20 21,0165 22,1002 28,1574 34,4644 38,0874 40,3385 41,6513 42,3946 42,7722 42,9647 43,0011 43,0265 43,0262
u21 22,1679 23,4306 29,8838 36,5679 40,3963 42,7627 44,1297 44,8896 45,2621 45,4415 45,4589 45,4682 45,4529
u22 23,9006 25,1704 31,9904 39,027 43,0119 45,4482 46,8305 47,576 47,92 48,069 48,0512 48,0322 47,99
u23 25,3642 26,7556 33,9846 41,4123 45,5943 48,1289 49,5435 50,2892 50,6125 50,7335 50,6844 50,639 50,5714
u24 27,3645 28,7536 36,3885 44,2002 48,5385 51,1272 52,5353 53,2485 53,5222 53,5931 53,4946 53,4105 53,3077
u25 29,1484 30,6214 38,698 46,9287 51,4594 54,1327 55,5551 56,2467 56,4806 56,5119 56,3625 56,2412 56,1041
u26 31,3343 32,829 41,3722 50,0315 54,734 57,4607 58,8707 59,512 59,683 59,6552 59,4393 59,268 59,0883
u27 33,5648 35,1146 44,1486 53,2678 58,1622 60,9496 62,3471 62,9389 63,0415 62,9454 62,6599 62,439 62,2059
u28 36,2682 37,8272 47,3995 57,0085 62,0839 64,905 66,2558 66,7683 66,7757 66,5764 66,2081 65,9151 65,6227
u29 39,1974 40,7685 50,93 61,0847 66,3515 69,2122 70,5087 70,932 70,83 70,5214 70,0572 69,6802 69,3125
u30 42,8228 44,3725 55,219 65,9903 71,458 74,3362 75,5397 75,8248 75,5766 75,0956 74,5263 74,0405 73,5803
u31 47,4691 48,9596 60,6605 72,1993 77,8935 80,7711 81,8379 81,9286 81,4804 80,7898 80,0683 79,4178 78,8141
f1)用于非衰落信道的16384-QAM/128-PAM
f2)用于衰落信道的16384-QAM/128-PAM
g)用于非衰落信道的65536-QAM/256-PAM
h)用于非衰落信道的262144-QAM/512-PAM
i)用于非衰落信道的1048576-QAM/1024-PAM
显然,根据上述教导可以对本公开进行各种改造和变形。因此,应当理解的是,在所附权利要求的范围内,可以不同于本文所具体描述的来实践本公开(例如,如果NUC位置矢量四舍五入为更小的数字)。
在权利要求中,措辞“包括”并不排除其他元件或者步骤,并且不定冠词“一”或者“一个”并不排除复数。单个元件或者其他单元可完成在权利要求中提到的若干项的功能。事实上,相互不同的独立权利要求中引用的特定测量并不表明不可有利地使用这些测量的组合。
在目前描述的至少部分通过软件控制的数据处理装置实施的本公开实施方式中,应当认识到,携载诸如软件的非瞬时性机器可读介质(诸如光盘、磁盘、半导体存储器等)也被视为代表本公开的实施方式。此外,这种软件还可以其他形式分布,诸如,经由因特网或者其他有线或无线电信系统。
可用于实施所要求保护装置的一个或多个元件的电路是电子部件的结构装配,其中包括常规电路元件、集成电路(包括专用集成电路、标准集成电路)、专用标准产品、以及现场可编程门阵列。此外,电路包括中央处理单元、图形处理单元、以及根据软件代码被编程或者配置的微处理器。尽管电路包括执行软件的上述硬件,然而,电路并不包括纯软件。
权利要求中的任何参考标识均不应被解释为限制该范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种编码和调制装置,包括:
编码器(11),将输入数据编码成单元字;以及
调制器(12),将所述单元字调制成非均匀星座的星座值;
其中,所述调制器(12)被配置成基于所述星座的星座点的总数M、单位为dB的信噪比SNR以及信道特征使用星座组中的非均匀星座,所述星座组包括由星座位置矢量u1…v限定的一个或多个下列星座,其中,v=sqrt(M)/2-1:
a3)用于非衰落信道的16-QAM/4-PAM
SNR/u 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 u1 1,0001 1,0001 1,0002 1,155 1,6201 1,958 2,2633 2,5594 2,8411 3,098 3,3357 3,5294 3,6712 3,752 SNR/u 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 12,5 13 13,5 u1 3,7812 3,748 3,6736 3,5998 3,5184 3,4446 3,3818 3,3239 3,2786 3,2407 3,2109 3,1793 3,1581 3,139 SNR/u 14 14,5 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19 19,5 20 u1 3,1219 3,1078 3,0964 3,0819 3,0774 3,0665 3,0579 3,0528 3,0485 3,0423 3,0411 3,0333 3,0521
a4)用于衰落信道的16-QAM/4-PAM
SNR 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 u1 1,6289 1,8484 2,0415 2,2247 2,3853 2,5335 2,6736 2,7962 2,898 2,9832 3,0593 3,1169 3,1616 3,1973 SNR 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 12,5 13 13,5 u1 3,218 3,2334 3,2427 3,2473 3,2477 3,2463 3,2436 3,2388 3,2312 3,2291 3,2224 3,2149 3,2129 3,2055 SNR 14 14,5 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19 19,5 20 u1 3,2036 3,1976 3,1953 3,1917 3,1854 3,1853 3,1803 3,1799 3,1761 3,1712 3,1715 3,1721 3,1711
b3)用于非衰落信道的64-QAM/8-PAM
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 u1 1,0007 1,0017 0,7353 0,9997 1,0002 0,9998 1,0001 1 1,1927 1,4264 1,7169 2,0738 2,4886 2,8112 u2 1,0005 1,0004 1,0005 2,2657 2,8429 3,337 3,6717 3,7738 3,5613 3,6905 3,9984 4,3992 4,8482 5,2041 u3 0,9998 0,9999 1,4855 2,2642 2,842 3,3367 3,6718 3,775 4,6253 5,4009 6,24 7,1031 7,9262 8,4801 SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 u1 2,9803 3,0658 3,089 3,0745 3,0551 3,0408 3,0308 3,0234 3,0183 3,0146 3,0117 3,006 2,9999 3,0181 u2 5,4101 5,5099 5,4876 5,3868 5,288 5,2157 5,1639 5,1262 5,0982 5,0776 5,0613 5,0467 5,0116 5,0174 u3 8,7018 8,7025 8,4931 8,1754 7,8925 7,6814 7,5255 7,4093 7,3204 7,2536 7,2029 7,156 7,1015 7,12 SNR 28 29 30 u1 3,1429 2,5878 2,6804 u2 5,2147 4,0051 4,2638 u3 7,481 5,6207 5,7796
b4)用于衰落信道的64-QAM/8-PAM
SNR 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 u1 1,0353 1,1062 1,2092 1,3451 1,5409 1,8112 2,1208 2,3945 2,6067 2,756 2,8505 2,912 2,9496 2,9751 u2 2,8206 2,9015 3,0799 3,298 3,5826 3,9386 4,3237 4,6577 4,9074 5,0773 5,1674 5,2201 5,2393 5,2491 u3 3,4534 3,922 4,4154 4,9297 5,5069 6,1594 6,8108 7,3475 7,7177 7,9488 8,0398 8,068 8,0538 8,0217 SNR 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 u1 2,9907 3,0032 3,0055 3,0126 3,0124 3,0136 3,0165 3,0156 3,0158 3,016 3,018 3,0183 u2 5,2493 5,2489 5,2365 5,2375 5,2247 5,2182 5,2165 5,2098 5,207 5,204 5,2036 5,1995 u3 7,9849 7,9528 7,9035 7,8862 7,8443 7,8194 7,8046 7,7839 7,7661 7,762 7,7569 7,7566
c3)用于非衰落信道的256-QAM/16-PAM
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 u1 0,9987 1 0,8555 0,9986 1,0007 0,9999 1 1,0001 1,1538 1,2053 1,1098 1,0113 0,9755 0,961 u2 0,9995 0,9988 0,6438 0,999 1,0022 1,0008 0,9997 1 1,3318 1,4592 1,5806 1,8511 2,1909 2,5454 u3 1,0006 1,0012 0,7241 0,9997 1,0003 0,9994 1,0002 1 1,1537 1,2044 1,4081 1,7918 2,1934 2,5919 u4 1,0014 0,9977 0,9802 2,2701 2,8454 3,336 3,6707 3,7727 4,0051 4,1314 3,8919 3,9933 4,2942 4,6269 u5 0,9994 0,9966 0,8403 2,261 2,8447 3,3359 3,6718 3,7726 3,5919 3,7449 3,8725 4,2278 4,6785 5,1556 u6 0,9984 0,9972 1,2098 2,2574 2,8455 3,3381 3,6727 3,7737 4,0063 4,1297 4,7175 5,7442 6,5854 7,3386 u7 1,0001 0,9996 1,4732 2,265 2,8465 3,3369 3,6713 3,7738 5,9093 6,4423 6,812 7,6428 8,6591 9,7477 SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 u1 0,9653 0,9856 1,0251 1,1128 1,3449 2,0965 2,7527 2,9608 3,012 3,0177 3,0143 3,0103 3,0079 3,0062 u2 2,7901 2,9261 3,0106 3,0821 3,2917 4,1039 4,811 5,0404 5,0984 5,0934 5,0717 5,0526 5,0399 5,0306 u3 2,88 3,0661 3,2252 3,4662 4,0382 5,5877 6,8118 7,2066 7,2996 7,2675 7,2034 7,15 7,1134 7,0869 u4 4,8939 5,0926 5,2509 5,436 5,9941 7,7231 9,1364 9,6073 9,6907 9,5882 9,4452 9,3304 9,2506 9,1924 u5 5,5283 5,7961 6,055 6,5161 7,5736 9,9317 11,7532 12,3202 12,3438 12,1129 11,8432 11,6313 11,4811 11,3712 u6 7,8908 8,2396 8,4806 8,8492 9,9513 12,7737 14,9274 15,4938 15,3648 14,9271 14,4683 14,1107 13,8529 13,661 u7 10,5917 11,0972 11,3853 11,7713 13,0322 16,4337 18,9135 19,3674 18,9636 18,2094 17,4708 16,8942 16,4697 16,1476 SNR 28 29 30 u1 3,0044 3,0038 3,003 u2 5,023 5,0178 5,0128 u3 7,067 7,0512 7,0407 u4 9,1486 9,1126 9,0893 u5 11,2883 11,2217 11,1749 u6 13,5157 13,3981 13,3164 u7 15,9014 15,7029 15,5677
c4)用于衰落信道的256-QAM/16-PAM
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 u1 0,9798 0,9967 0,9947 0,9971 1,0007 1,03 1,0688 1,0762 1,0537 1,0342 1,0147 0,9992 0,9918 0,9922 u2 0,8908 1,0016 0,9934 1,0006 0,9987 1,0588 1,1381 1,2317 1,3585 1,5225 1,7405 2,0063 2,2615 2,4654 u3 0,9072 1,0041 0,9993 1,0003 0,9997 1,0295 1,0664 1,1441 1,2863 1,4689 1,7111 2,0037 2,2873 2,5275 u4 1,4244 2,0539 2,4036 2,6739 2,9049 3,019 3,2106 3,239 3,2891 3,4602 3,7019 3,9966 4,2761 4,5013 u5 1,3906 2,0371 2,3593 2,6731 2,9097 2,6841 2,8603 3,0627 3,3005 3,5807 3,9182 4,3056 4,6871 5,0312 u6 1,5899 2,024 2,3535 2,6762 2,8921 3,0205 3,2171 3,6521 4,2742 4,8242 5,3945 5,997 6,5483 7,0034 u7 1,6351 2,042 2,3973 2,6721 2,8859 3,9489 4,5222 5,0297 5,6081 6,271 7,0282 7,8489 8,6107 9,2424 SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 u1 0,9989 1,0259 1,1155 1,3963 1,8534 2,2282 2,4891 2,6619 2,7729 2,8437 2,889 2,9176 2,9379 2,9516 u2 2,6086 2,7135 2,8419 3,1795 3,7175 4,1541 4,4608 4,664 4,7936 4,8758 4,9257 4,956 4,9778 4,9933 u3 2,7307 2,9443 3,2659 3,9675 4,9244 5,676 6,197 6,5386 6,7531 6,8857 6,9639 7,0096 7,0412 7,064 u4 4,6692 4,8339 5,1383 5,9281 7,0475 7,9072 8,4862 8,8521 9,0685 9,1906 9,253 9,282 9,3008 9,3117 u5 5,3576 5,7413 6,3082 7,4353 8,9135 10,0292 10,7694 11,2248 11,4823 11,6157 11,6732 11,6881 11,6943 11,6904 u6 7,3828 7,7887 8,4196 9,7825 11,5726 12,8864 13,7217 14,2018 14,4402 14,5326 14,5421 14,508 14,472 14,4315 u7 9,7612 10,2938 11,0879 12,7927 15,0009 16,5632 17,5017 17,9894 18,1764 18,1926 18,1172 17,9984 17,8904 17,7896 SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 u1 2,9597 2,9661 2,9708 2,9726 2,9757 2,979 2,9795 2,9803 2,981 2,982 2,9813 2,9795 2,9788 u2 4,9991 5,0047 5,0081 5,009 5,0124 5,0173 5,0145 5,016 5,0165 5,0165 5,0154 5,0085 5,0096 u3 7,0698 7,0758 7,0795 7,0795 7,0819 7,0887 7,0822 7,086 7,086 7,0867 7,0883 7,0759 7,0772 u4 9,3029 9,2996 9,2958 9,2878 9,2861 9,2921 9,2787 9,2803 9,2787 9,2784 9,2785 9,2623 9,2664 u5 11,668 11,6526 11,6385 11,6222 11,6137 11,6142 11,5969 11,5934 11,5903 11,5892 11,5893 11,5636 11,561 u6 14,3754 14,3333 14,2955 14,2621 14,2394 14,2301 14,2009 14,1909 14,1835 14,1804 14,173 14,1335 14,1421 u7 17,6749 17,5886 17,5132 17,4498 17,4048 17,3749 17,3292 17,307 17,2908 17,2734 17,2633 17,208 17,2206
d3)用于非衰落信道的1024-QAM/32-PAM
d4)用于衰落信道的1024-QAM/32-PAM
e3)用于非衰落信道的4096-QAM/64-PAM
e4)用于衰落信道的4096-QAM/64-PAM
f1)用于非衰落信道的16384-QAM/128-PAM
f2)用于衰落信道的16384-QAM/128-PAM
g)用于非衰落信道的65536-QAM/256-PAM
h)用于非衰落信道的262144-QAM/512-PAM
i)用于非衰落信道的1048576-QAM/1024-PAM
2.根据权利要求1所述的编码和调制装置,其中,所述非衰落信道是加性白噪声信道,并且所述衰落信道是瑞利衰落信道。
3.根据权利要求1所述的编码和调制装置,其中,所述编码器是前向纠错码编码器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的编码和调制装置,其中,所述调制器被配置成基于所述星座的星座点的所述总数M、无错解码所需的单位为dB的所述信噪比SNR、以及所述信道特征来选择和使用非均匀星座。
5.根据权利要求1所述的编码和调制装置,其中,所述调制器被配置成基于所述星座的星座点的所述总数M、单位为dB的所述信噪比SNR、以及所述信道特征适应性地选择和使用非均匀星座,其中,从数据应传输至的接收设备中接收单位为dB的所述信噪比SNR和所述信道特征。
6.一种编码和调制方法,包括:
将输入数据编码成单元字;以及
将所述单元字调制成非均匀星座的星座值;
其中,基于所述星座的星座点的总数M、单位为dB的信噪比、以及信道特征来使用星座组中的非均匀星座,所述星座组包括由星座位置矢量u1…v限定的一个或多个下列星座,其中,v=sqrt(M)/2-1:
a3)用于非衰落信道的16-QAM/4-PAM
SNR/u 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 u1 1,0001 1,0001 1,0002 1,155 1,6201 1,958 2,2633 2,5594 2,8411 3,098 3,3357 3,5294 3,6712 3,752 SNR/u 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 12,5 13 13,5 u1 3,7812 3,748 3,6736 3,5998 3,5184 3,4446 3,3818 3,3239 3,2786 3,2407 3,2109 3,1793 3,1581 3,139 SNR/u 14 14,5 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19 19,5 20 u1 3,1219 3,1078 3,0964 3,0819 3,0774 3,0665 3,0579 3,0528 3,0485 3,0423 3,0411 3,0333 3,0521
a4)用于衰落信道的16-QAM/4-PAM
SNR 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 u1 1,6289 1,8484 2,0415 2,2247 2,3853 2,5335 2,6736 2,7962 2,898 2,9832 3,0593 3,1169 3,1616 3,1973 SNR 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 12,5 13 13,5 u1 3,218 3,2334 3,2427 3,2473 3,2477 3,2463 3,2436 3,2388 3,2312 3,2291 3,2224 3,2149 3,2129 3,2055 SNR 14 14,5 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19 19,5 20 u1 3,2036 3,1976 3,1953 3,1917 3,1854 3,1853 3,1803 3,1799 3,1761 3,1712 3,1715 3,1721 3,1711
b3)用于非衰落信道的64-QAM/8-PAM
b4)用于衰落信道的64-QAM/8-PAM
SNR 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 u1 1,0353 1,1062 1,2092 1,3451 1,5409 1,8112 2,1208 2,3945 2,6067 2,756 2,8505 2,912 2,9496 2,9751 u2 2,8206 2,9015 3,0799 3,298 3,5826 3,9386 4,3237 4,6577 4,9074 5,0773 5,1674 5,2201 5,2393 5,2491 u3 3,4534 3,922 4,4154 4,9297 5,5069 6,1594 6,8108 7,3475 7,7177 7,9488 8,0398 8,068 8,0538 8,0217 SNR 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 u1 2,9907 3,0032 3,0055 3,0126 3,0124 3,0136 3,0165 3,0156 3,0158 3,016 3,018 3,0183 u2 5,2493 5,2489 5,2365 5,2375 5,2247 5,2182 5,2165 5,2098 5,207 5,204 5,2036 5,1995 u3 7,9849 7,9528 7,9035 7,8862 7,8443 7,8194 7,8046 7,7839 7,7661 7,762 7,7569 7,7566
c3)用于非衰落信道的256-QAM/16-PAM
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 u1 0,9987 1 0,8555 0,9986 1,0007 0,9999 1 1,0001 1,1538 1,2053 1,1098 1,0113 0,9755 0,961 u2 0,9995 0,9988 0,6438 0,999 1,0022 1,0008 0,9997 1 1,3318 1,4592 1,5806 1,8511 2,1909 2,5454 u3 1,0006 1,0012 0,7241 0,9997 1,0003 0,9994 1,0002 1 1,1537 1,2044 1,4081 1,7918 2,1934 2,5919 u4 1,0014 0,9977 0,9802 2,2701 2,8454 3,336 3,6707 3,7727 4,0051 4,1314 3,8919 3,9933 4,2942 4,6269 u5 0,9994 0,9966 0,8403 2,261 2,8447 3,3359 3,6718 3,7726 3,5919 3,7449 3,8725 4,2278 4,6785 5,1556 u6 0,9984 0,9972 1,2098 2,2574 2,8455 3,3381 3,6727 3,7737 4,0063 4,1297 4,7175 5,7442 6,5854 7,3386 u7 1,0001 0,9996 1,4732 2,265 2,8465 3,3369 3,6713 3,7738 5,9093 6,4423 6,812 7,6428 8,6591 9,7477 SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 u1 0,9653 0,9856 1,0251 1,1128 1,3449 2,0965 2,7527 2,9608 3,012 3,0177 3,0143 3,0103 3,0079 3,0062 u2 2,7901 2,9261 3,0106 3,0821 3,2917 4,1039 4,811 5,0404 5,0984 5,0934 5,0717 5,0526 5,0399 5,0306 u3 2,88 3,0661 3,2252 3,4662 4,0382 5,5877 6,8118 7,2066 7,2996 7,2675 7,2034 7,15 7,1134 7,0869 u4 4,8939 5,0926 5,2509 5,436 5,9941 7,7231 9,1364 9,6073 9,6907 9,5882 9,4452 9,3304 9,2506 9,1924 u5 5,5283 5,7961 6,055 6,5161 7,5736 9,9317 11,7532 12,3202 12,3438 12,1129 11,8432 11,6313 11,4811 11,3712 u6 7,8908 8,2396 8,4806 8,8492 9,9513 12,7737 14,9274 15,4938 15,3648 14,9271 14,4683 14,1107 13,8529 13,661 u7 10,5917 11,0972 11,3853 11,7713 13,0322 16,4337 18,9135 19,3674 18,9636 18,2094 17,4708 16,8942 16,4697 16,1476 SNR 28 29 30 u1 3,0044 3,0038 3,003 u2 5,023 5,0178 5,0128 u3 7,067 7,0512 7,0407 u4 9,1486 9,1126 9,0893 u5 11,2883 11,2217 11,1749 u6 13,5157 13,3981 13,3164 u7 15,9014 15,7029 15,5677
c4)用于衰落信道的256-QAM/16-PAM
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 u1 0,9798 0,9967 0,9947 0,9971 1,0007 1,03 1,0688 1,0762 1,0537 1,0342 1,0147 0,9992 0,9918 0,9922 u2 0,8908 1,0016 0,9934 1,0006 0,9987 1,0588 1,1381 1,2317 1,3585 1,5225 1,7405 2,0063 2,2615 2,4654 u3 0,9072 1,0041 0,9993 1,0003 0,9997 1,0295 1,0664 1,1441 1,2863 1,4689 1,7111 2,0037 2,2873 2,5275 u4 1,4244 2,0539 2,4036 2,6739 2,9049 3,019 3,2106 3,239 3,2891 3,4602 3,7019 3,9966 4,2761 4,5013 u5 1,3906 2,0371 2,3593 2,6731 2,9097 2,6841 2,8603 3,0627 3,3005 3,5807 3,9182 4,3056 4,6871 5,0312 u6 1,5899 2,024 2,3535 2,6762 2,8921 3,0205 3,2171 3,6521 4,2742 4,8242 5,3945 5,997 6,5483 7,0034 u7 1,6351 2,042 2,3973 2,6721 2,8859 3,9489 4,5222 5,0297 5,6081 6,271 7,0282 7,8489 8,6107 9,2424 SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 u1 0,9989 1,0259 1,1155 1,3963 1,8534 2,2282 2,4891 2,6619 2,7729 2,8437 2,889 2,9176 2,9379 2,9516 u2 2,6086 2,7135 2,8419 3,1795 3,7175 4,1541 4,4608 4,664 4,7936 4,8758 4,9257 4,956 4,9778 4,9933 u3 2,7307 2,9443 3,2659 3,9675 4,9244 5,676 6,197 6,5386 6,7531 6,8857 6,9639 7,0096 7,0412 7,064 u4 4,6692 4,8339 5,1383 5,9281 7,0475 7,9072 8,4862 8,8521 9,0685 9,1906 9,253 9,282 9,3008 9,3117 u5 5,3576 5,7413 6,3082 7,4353 8,9135 10,0292 10,7694 11,2248 11,4823 11,6157 11,6732 11,6881 11,6943 11,6904 u6 7,3828 7,7887 8,4196 9,7825 11,5726 12,8864 13,7217 14,2018 14,4402 14,5326 14,5421 14,508 14,472 14,4315 u7 9,7612 10,2938 11,0879 12,7927 15,0009 16,5632 17,5017 17,9894 18,1764 18,1926 18,1172 17,9984 17,8904 17,7896 SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 u1 2,9597 2,9661 2,9708 2,9726 2,9757 2,979 2,9795 2,9803 2,981 2,982 2,9813 2,9795 2,9788 u2 4,9991 5,0047 5,0081 5,009 5,0124 5,0173 5,0145 5,016 5,0165 5,0165 5,0154 5,0085 5,0096 u3 7,0698 7,0758 7,0795 7,0795 7,0819 7,0887 7,0822 7,086 7,086 7,0867 7,0883 7,0759 7,0772 u4 9,3029 9,2996 9,2958 9,2878 9,2861 9,2921 9,2787 9,2803 9,2787 9,2784 9,2785 9,2623 9,2664 u5 11,668 11,6526 11,6385 11,6222 11,6137 11,6142 11,5969 11,5934 11,5903 11,5892 11,5893 11,5636 11,561 u6 14,3754 14,3333 14,2955 14,2621 14,2394 14,2301 14,2009 14,1909 14,1835 14,1804 14,173 14,1335 14,1421 u7 17,6749 17,5886 17,5132 17,4498 17,4048 17,3749 17,3292 17,307 17,2908 17,2734 17,2633 17,208 17,2206
d3)用于非衰落信道的1024-QAM/32-PAM
SNR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 u1 0,9992 0,9991 0,9626 0,9967 0,9967 0,9988 0,9997 1,0671 1,0969 1,0363 0,962 1,0001 0,9878 0,9942 u2 0,9957 0,9942 0,8697 0,9895 0,9965 0,9992 0,9989 1,1388 1,2043 1,2107 1,1702 0,9997 0,9747 0,966 u3 0,9965 0,9943 0,8971 0,99 0,9962 0,9991 0,9986 1,0674 1,0955 1,1639 1,2161 0,9996 0,9863 0,9719 u4 0,9971 0,9965 0,6648 0,99 0,9954 0,9994 1,0008 1,1386 1,2048 1,3562 1,4866 1,8264 2,2272 2,5533 u5 0,996 0,9939 0,6491 0,9905 0,9956 0,9997 1,001 1,2138 1,3242 1,4129 1,4414 1,848 2,2217 2,5387 u6 0,9992 1,0019 0,6995 0,9974 0,9977 0,9998 1,0017 1,1384 1,2058 1,2085 1,1751 1,8267 2,223 2,5691 u7 0,9999 1,0022 0,719 0,9994 0,9993 1,0004 1,0017 1,0667 1,0964 1,162 1,2213 1,8066 2,2286 2,581 u8 1,0018 1,0047 0,9796 2,2704 2,8447 3,3339 3,6691 4,1038 4,3038 4,1189 3,88 3,962 4,3457 4,661 u9 1,0009 1,0043 0,9448 2,264 2,8416 3,334 3,6696 3,6418 3,8694 4,0902 4,1993 4,1097 4,4994 4,7046 u10 0,9975 0,9957 0,8525 2,2387 2,8354 3,336 3,672 3,4119 3,666 3,7746 3,802 4,2647 4,7161 5,1202 u11 0,9986 0,9982 0,8839 2,2405 2,8378 3,3375 3,6721 3,6428 3,8684 3,7435 3,6203 4,1131 4,5362 5,0343 u12 0,9986 0,9963 1,2974 2,2393 2,8414 3,3349 3,6662 4,1042 4,3048 4,1203 3,8917 6,185 6,9957 7,2365 u13 0,9975 0,996 1,243 2,2388 2,838 3,3348 3,6674 3,6422 3,8687 4,0904 4,2129 5,8337 6,7509 7,454 u14 1,001 1,0011 1,4137 2,2601 2,844 3,335 3,6673 4,1032 4,3066 5,0379 5,5707 6,2198 7,2075 8,594 u15 1,0017 1,0022 1,4853 2,2698 2,8465 3,3339 3,6669 6,1624 6,9359 7,2501 7,4066 8,6211 9,7438 10,859 SNR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 u1 1,0007 1,0027 0,9981 0,9933 0,9936 0,999 1 1,0001 0,9973 1,0036 1,0338 1,2685 2,568 2,9124 u2 0,9694 0,9834 1,0086 1,0594 1,2188 1,7124 2,5469 2,8781 2,9836 3,0078 3,024 3,2172 4,5709 4,9289 u3 0,9681 0,9811 1,0101 1,0676 1,2263 1,7139 2,5465 2,8764 2,9837 3,0244 3,1126 3,6704 6,2313 6,8942 u4 2,7737 2,9007 2,9741 3,0241 3,159 3,6872 4,5907 4,9456 5,0494 5,0625 5,0597 5,4996 8,2546 8,9668 u5 2,7714 2,9125 2,9988 3,0553 3,1727 3,6864 4,5862 4,9442 5,0663 5,138 5,3175 6,3322 10,0797 11,0396 u6 2,8418 3,0307 3,1789 3,35 3,7479 4,8324 6,417 7,0146 7,1785 7,1643 7,1579 8,0513 12,1665 13,2221 u7 2,846 3,0218 3,1519 3,3116 3,7215 4,8226 6,4211 7,0502 7,2858 7,4383 7,8018 9,3367 14,2096 15,4697 u8 4,9072 5,0916 5,2328 5,352 5,6798 6,8426 8,6195 9,2808 9,4323 9,3928 9,5449 11,0304 16,4487 17,8497 u9 4,8825 5,0325 5,1573 5,2795 5,6568 6,8702 8,7174 9,4992 9,8449 10,1481 10,7709 12,6768 18,7845 20,3652 u10 5,4415 5,6696 5,8553 6,1215 6,9014 8,6299 10,8957 11,7222 11,9532 12,0621 12,5094 14,5322 21,3307 23,0612 u11 5,45 5,7667 6,0273 6,3484 7,1423 8,9474 11,4173 12,5228 13,0769 13,586 14,2684 16,5436 24,1032 25,9674 u12 7,6047 7,8958 8,1046 8,3161 9,0363 11,0231 13,7773 14,8757 15,2913 15,6441 16,3101 18,7948 27,1676 29,1243 u13 8,0146 8,4122 8,6722 8,9298 9,7542 12,0148 15,2835 16,9016 17,5633 17,972 18,6404 21,3291 30,5806 32,5873 u14 9,6267 10,3424 10,7968 11,1339 12,0444 14,5782 18,1947 19,8327 20,4394 20,7517 21,3511 24,2271 34,4413 36,4503 u15 11,9177 12,7867 13,3749 13,7814 14,8151 17,7532 21,9096 23,606 24,0612 24,1702 24,6165 27,6663 38,9792 40,9267 SNR 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 u1 2,9902 3,0016 3,0038 3,002 3,0024 3,0017 3,0014 3,0014 2,9988 3,0102 3,0035 2,7197 2,0472 u2 5,01 5,0206 5,0186 5,0131 5,0105 5,0084 5,006 5,0051 5,0006 5,0192 5,0363 4,4139 2,9841 u3 7,0446 7,0618 7,0515 7,0373 7,0287 7,022 7,0169 7,0134 7,0044 7,0244 7,0893 6,2809 3,9607 u4 9,1283 9,1368 9,1105 9,0811 9,0608 9,0466 9,0367 9,0261 9,0134 9,0332 9,1092 7,9322 5,0898 u5 11,257 11,2562 11,2029 11,1486 11,1121 11,0856 11,0685 11,0475 11,0277 11,0421 11,1317 9,6412 6,0761 u6 13,4588 13,4329 13,3374 13,2478 13,1867 13,143 13,1106 13,0776 13,0484 13,061 13,1503 11,2735 7,1638 u7 15,7417 15,6758 15,5224 15,3852 15,2907 15,2225 15,173 15,1242 15,0767 15,0837 15,1749 13,1326 8,1645 u8 18,1292 18,0006 17,7684 17,5682 17,4293 17,3297 17,2569 17,1873 17,1224 17,1191 17,2333 14,826 9,3331 u9 20,6379 20,419 20,0868 19,8058 19,6109 19,4704 19,3651 19,2702 19,1868 19,1703 19,3081 16,4589 10,3444 u10 23,2916 22,9487 22,4913 22,1116 21,8445 21,6501 21,5069 21,3796 21,2695 21,2328 21,3472 18,0904 11,3035 u11 26,1151 25,6105 24,9996 24,4967 24,1418 23,8821 23,6873 23,5173 23,3768 23,3264 23,4267 19,7596 12,4831 u12 29,1412 28,4332 27,6343 26,9825 26,5176 26,1751 25,9187 25,6964 25,5123 25,421 25,4868 21,3998 13,6002 u13 32,4176 31,4579 30,4306 29,5967 28,997 28,5515 28,2162 27,9277 27,6916 27,5544 27,5728 23,1872 14,6124 u14 36,0267 34,7541 33,4466 32,3882 31,6189 31,0443 30,605 30,2317 29,932 29,7649 29,6897 24,9174 15,8244 u15 40,1583 38,4818 36,8177 35,4703 34,4789 33,7311 33,1542 32,6692 32,2795 32,0045 31,9429 26,7754 16,8182
d4)用于衰落信道的1024-QAM/32-PAM
e3)用于非衰落信道的4096-QAM/64-PAM
e4)用于衰落信道的4096-QAM/64-PAM
f1)用于非衰落信道的16384-QAM/128-PAM
f2)用于衰落信道的16384-QAM/128-PAM
g)用于非衰落信道的65536-QAM/256-PAM
h)用于非衰落信道的262144-QAM/512-PAM
i)用于非衰落信道的1048576-QAM/1024-PAM
7.一种发送装置,包括:
如权利要求1所述的将输入数据编码并调制成星座值的编码和调制装置;
转换器,将所述星座值转换成待发送的一个或多个传输流;以及
发送器,发送所述一个或多个传输流。
8.一种发送方法,包括:
如权利要求6所述的将输入数据编码并调制成星座值的编码和调制方法;
将所述星座值转换成待发送的一个或多个传输流;以及
发送所述一个或多个传输流。
9.一种非瞬时性计算机可读介质,包括计算机程序指令,当由计算机执行所述计算机程序指令时,使所述计算机执行如权利要求6所述的方法。
10.一种通信系统,包括根据权利要求7所述的一个或多个发送装置以及一个或多个接收装置。
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