CN104399464B - A kind of photocatalyst for the activation of organochlorine inertia contaminant molecule in water treatment procedure and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of photocatalyst for the activation of organochlorine inertia contaminant molecule in water treatment procedure and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical group [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 18
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- NIGWMJHCCYYCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenclonine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NIGWMJHCCYYCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane Chemical compound Cl[C@H]1[C@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H](Cl)[C@H]1Cl JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于水处理过程中有机氯惰性污染物分子活化的光催化剂及其制备方法与应用,该光催化剂由二氧化钛、活性三氧化二铝和铜氧化物组成,二氧化钛和铜氧化物均匀分布在活性三氧化二铝表面,各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛6%~40%,活性三氧化二铝50%~92%,铜氧化物2%~10%。本发明的光催化剂具有TiO2分布均匀、Cu物种类型可控的优点,在选择性降解DDT和六六六污染物的过程中表现出高的催化活性和选择性。The invention relates to a photocatalyst used for the activation of organic chlorine inert pollutant molecules in the water treatment process and its preparation method and application. The photocatalyst is composed of titanium dioxide, active aluminum oxide and copper oxide, and the titanium dioxide and copper oxide Evenly distributed on the surface of active aluminum oxide, the mass percentage of each component is: 6%-40% of titanium dioxide, 50%-92% of active aluminum oxide, and 2%-10% of copper oxide. The photocatalyst of the present invention has the advantages of uniform distribution of TiO2 and controllable Cu species type, and exhibits high catalytic activity and selectivity in the process of selectively degrading DDT and HCH pollutants.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种水处理过程中生物惰性污染物活化的光催化剂及其制备方法与应用,将难以生物降解的有机氯惰性污染物通过光催化的方法进行处理,属于水处理技术领域。The invention relates to a photocatalyst for activating biologically inert pollutants in a water treatment process, a preparation method and an application thereof, which process organic chlorine inert pollutants that are difficult to biodegrade through a photocatalytic method, and belong to the technical field of water treatment.
背景技术Background technique
随着现代农业和工业的快速发展,水资源短缺和污水处理面临严峻的挑战。我国各地区江河系大多遭受污染,水质污染使很多城市水体水质劣于IV类,50%的城市供水水源地达不到饮用水标准,南方城市水质型缺水超过60%,水危机已成为严峻的现实问题。With the rapid development of modern agriculture and industry, water shortage and sewage treatment are facing severe challenges. Most of the river systems in various regions of our country are polluted. Water pollution makes the water quality of many cities inferior to Class IV. 50% of urban water supply sources cannot meet drinking water standards. The water quality of southern cities exceeds 60%. The water crisis has become a serious one. practical problems.
如何提高水质和水处理效率,是当前我国水处理行业急需解决的问题。日益恶化的水质已使传统的给水和排水工艺显得力不从心,其中难以生物降解的污染物是主要原因之一,例如有机氯农药、合成洗涤剂等的大量应用,使江河、湖泊中的难生物降解污染物持续积累,给供排水厂带来极大的压力。针对这种状况,目前出现了多种新工艺,最具代表性的是高级氧化技术和生物处理技术。前者主要通过强氧化剂(如臭氧、双氧水或二氧化氯)将难以降解的污染物分子氧化为小分子或彻底氧化,虽然此方法是解决难降解污染物的有效途径,但同时存在生成有毒有害物质(如高致癌物质三氯甲烷)和再次生成难降解的小分子化合物的风险。生物处理技术可有效避免高级氧化造成的二次污染,通过微生物的作用能使有机污染物得到有效降解,生物代谢产物毒性小或无毒,大大降低了后续水处理的负担,有利于实现有机污染物的无害化处理。然而,生物处理技术亦有其局限性,其中难以生物降解的有机物制约着生物处理技术的推广和应用。针对这种状况,目前多以寻求新的菌种,以适应不同有机污染物生物降解的要求,此种方法虽能在一定程度上起到作用,但有机污染物种类千差万别,新品种不断推出;并且培养新菌种的历程长、工作量大,对于解决此问题显得力不从心。另一种具有吸引力的方法是先将生物惰性的难降解有机污染物分子从分子结构和分子量等方面进行改变,使其能够进行生物降解,此方法中分子的改变不同于高级氧化,其过程是可控的、有选择性的,可谓“分子的生物活化”。How to improve water quality and water treatment efficiency is an urgent problem in my country's water treatment industry. The deteriorating water quality has made the traditional water supply and drainage processes unable to do what they want, and the pollutants that are difficult to biodegrade are one of the main reasons. Pollutants continue to accumulate, putting enormous pressure on water supply and drainage plants. In response to this situation, a variety of new processes have emerged, the most representative ones are advanced oxidation technology and biological treatment technology. The former mainly oxidizes difficult-to-degrade pollutant molecules into small molecules or completely oxidizes them through strong oxidants (such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide). Although this method is an effective way to solve refractory pollutants, there are toxic and harmful substances generated (such as high carcinogen chloroform) and the risk of regenerating small molecular compounds that are difficult to degrade. Biological treatment technology can effectively avoid secondary pollution caused by advanced oxidation. Organic pollutants can be effectively degraded through the action of microorganisms. The toxicity of biological metabolites is small or non-toxic, which greatly reduces the burden of subsequent water treatment and is conducive to the realization of organic pollution. Harmless disposal of materials. However, biological treatment technology also has its limitations, among which organic matter that is difficult to biodegrade restricts the promotion and application of biological treatment technology. In response to this situation, at present, new strains are often sought to meet the requirements of biodegradation of different organic pollutants. Although this method can play a role to a certain extent, the types of organic pollutants vary greatly, and new varieties are constantly introduced; And the process of cultivating new strains is long and the workload is large, which seems powerless to solve this problem. Another attractive method is to first change the molecular structure and molecular weight of biologically inert refractory organic pollutants, so that they can be biodegraded. The molecular changes in this method are different from advanced oxidation. The process It is controllable and selective, which can be called "biological activation of molecules".
生物惰性污染物分子通常具有分子结构对称性强(如六六六,苯的衍生物等),稳定性高和分子量大等特点,通常在温和的条件下难以将其分子结构加以改变,然而借助于光催化技术,使这种“分子生物活化”成为可能。通过对光催化剂的设计,可以调变其氧化还原能力,目前文献已表明,其氧化还原能力可以将水变为H2和O2,因此有能力对生物惰性分子结构在温和条件下进行改变,并能够实现分子结构改变的可控性和选择性。Biologically inert pollutant molecules usually have the characteristics of strong molecular structure symmetry (such as HC6, benzene derivatives, etc.), high stability and large molecular weight, and it is usually difficult to change their molecular structure under mild conditions. However, with the help of Thanks to photocatalytic technology, this "molecular bioactivation" becomes possible. Through the design of the photocatalyst, its redox ability can be adjusted. The current literature has shown that its redox ability can change water into H 2 and O 2 , so it has the ability to change the structure of biologically inert molecules under mild conditions. And it can realize the controllability and selectivity of molecular structure change.
二氧化钛由于其本身的特殊物理化学、酸碱、半导体、光催化和稳定等特性,早就引起了诸多研究者的兴趣,现已在多个领域广泛应用;在光催化领域,二氧化钛是研究最多的催化材料,早已有文献报道TiO2光催化制氢的成果。由于TiO2的带隙较宽,真空电位较高,具有较强的氧化还原能力,而且通过掺杂、敏化等手段还可以改变其氧化还原能力和吸收光谱带,可调变余地大,因此TiO2是一种惰性生物分子光催化活化的理想材料。Titanium dioxide has long attracted the interest of many researchers due to its special physical and chemical properties, acid-base, semiconductor, photocatalysis and stability, and has been widely used in many fields; in the field of photocatalysis, titanium dioxide is the most researched Catalytic materials, the achievements of TiO 2 photocatalytic hydrogen production have already been reported in the literature. Because TiO 2 has a wide band gap, high vacuum potential, and strong redox ability, and its redox ability and absorption spectrum band can be changed by means of doping, sensitization, etc., there is a large room for adjustment, so TiO2 is an ideal material for photocatalytic activation of inert biomolecules.
但是,目前使用的二氧化钛光催化剂多为纯二氧化钛制得,不仅比表面积小、强度差,而且在选择性和催化活性方面均不理想。However, most of the currently used titanium dioxide photocatalysts are made of pure titanium dioxide, which not only has a small specific surface area and poor strength, but also is unsatisfactory in terms of selectivity and catalytic activity.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种用于水处理过程中有机氯惰性污染物分子活化的光催化剂及其制备方法与应用。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention provides a photocatalyst for activating organic chlorine inert pollutant molecules in the water treatment process, its preparation method and application.
本发明利用光催化剂将水处理过程中的生物惰性污染物进行活化,特别是将有机氯类惰性污染物进行活化,便于微生物的利用和代谢。The invention utilizes the photocatalyst to activate the biological inert pollutants in the water treatment process, especially the organic chlorine inert pollutants, so as to facilitate the utilization and metabolism of microorganisms.
本发明的技术方案如下:Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种用于水处理过程中有机氯惰性污染物分子活化的光催化剂,由二氧化钛、活性三氧化二铝和铜氧化物组成,二氧化钛和铜氧化物均匀分布在活性三氧化二铝表面,各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛6%~40%,活性三氧化二铝50%~92%,铜氧化物2%~10%。A photocatalyst for the activation of organic chlorine inert pollutant molecules in the water treatment process. It is composed of titanium dioxide, active aluminum oxide and copper oxide. Titanium dioxide and copper oxide are evenly distributed on the surface of active aluminum oxide. Each component The mass percent content is: 6%-40% of titanium dioxide, 50%-92% of activated aluminum oxide, and 2%-10% of copper oxide.
根据本发明,优选的,所述的光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛20%~35%,活性三氧化二铝55%~75%,铜氧化物5%~10%。According to the present invention, preferably, the mass percent content of each component of the photocatalyst is: 20%-35% of titanium dioxide, 55%-75% of activated aluminum oxide, and 5%-10% of copper oxide.
根据本发明,优选的,所述的活性三氧化二铝为γ-Al2O3,所述的二氧化钛为锐钛矿型二氧化钛,所述的铜氧化物为CuO和Cu2O形式,更优选的,CuO和Cu2O的质量比为1:(0.02~0.1)。According to the present invention, preferably, the active aluminum oxide is γ-Al 2 O 3 , the titanium dioxide is anatase titanium dioxide, and the copper oxide is CuO and Cu 2 O, more preferably Yes, the mass ratio of CuO and Cu 2 O is 1:(0.02-0.1).
根据本发明,上述光催化剂的制备方法,步骤如下:According to the present invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned photocatalyst, the steps are as follows:
(1)将γ-Al2O3加入到由可溶性铜盐、EDTA·4Na和吡啶组成的混合水溶液中浸渍12h;浸渍完成后,用去离子水洗涤固体至洗液为中性,并于100~110℃烘干10~15h;(1) Add γ-Al 2 O 3 to the mixed aqueous solution composed of soluble copper salt, EDTA·4Na and pyridine and immerse for 12h; ~110℃ drying for 10~15h;
所述的γ-Al2O3与可溶性铜盐中铜元素的质量比为(50~92):(2~10),所述的混合水溶液中可溶性铜盐的浓度为2~16wt%,所述的EDTA·4Na的浓度为2~2.5wt%,所述的吡啶的浓度为2~2.5wt%;The mass ratio of the γ-Al 2 O 3 to the copper element in the soluble copper salt is (50-92): (2-10), and the concentration of the soluble copper salt in the mixed aqueous solution is 2-16 wt%. The concentration of the EDTA·4Na is 2-2.5wt%, and the concentration of the pyridine is 2-2.5wt%;
(2)将正钛酸溶解于浓度为20~30wt%的双氧水溶液中,混合均匀,得正钛酸的双氧水溶液;正钛酸的用量以二氧化钛计,与步骤(1)中γ-Al2O3的质量比为(6~40):(50~92);( 2 ) dissolving orthotitanic acid in a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 20 to 30 wt%, and mixing uniformly to obtain a hydrogen peroxide solution of orthotitanic acid; The mass ratio of O3 is (6~40): (50~92);
(3)将步骤(1)烘干后的固体浸渍于正钛酸的双氧水溶液中10~15h,过滤,固体在100~110℃烘干10~15h;(3) Soak the dried solid in step (1) in an orthotitanic acid hydrogen peroxide solution for 10 to 15 hours, filter, and dry the solid at 100 to 110° C. for 10 to 15 hours;
(4)将步骤(3)中烘干后的固体以10-18℃/min的升温速率升温至450~550℃,恒温3-6小时,降至室温;(4) heating the dried solid in step (3) to 450-550° C. at a heating rate of 10-18° C./min, keeping the temperature constant for 3-6 hours, and then cooling down to room temperature;
(5)将步骤(4)中所得的样品加入到10~20wt%的甲醛溶液中浸渍10~15h,50~70℃真空干燥10~15h,即得光催化剂。(5) Add the sample obtained in step (4) into 10-20wt% formaldehyde solution, soak for 10-15 hours, and vacuum-dry at 50-70° C. for 10-15 hours to obtain the photocatalyst.
根据本发明,优选的,步骤(1)中所述的γ-Al2O3与可溶性铜盐中铜元素的质量比为(55~75):(5~10),所述的混合水溶液中可溶性铜盐的浓度为3~8wt%;According to the present invention, preferably, the mass ratio of the γ-Al 2 O 3 described in step (1) to the copper element in the soluble copper salt is (55-75): (5-10), and in the mixed aqueous solution The concentration of soluble copper salt is 3-8wt%;
所述的可溶性铜盐为硝酸铜、硫酸铜、醋酸铜或/和氯化铜,更优选硝酸铜。The soluble copper salt is copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper acetate or/and copper chloride, more preferably copper nitrate.
根据本发明,优选的,步骤(2)中正钛酸的用量以二氧化钛计,与步骤(1)中γ-Al2O3的质量比为(20~35):(55~75)。According to the present invention, preferably, the amount of orthotitanic acid used in step (2) is calculated as titanium dioxide, and the mass ratio of γ-Al 2 O 3 in step (1) is (20-35): (55-75).
根据本发明,优选的,步骤(4)中所述的升温速率为15~18℃/min,升温至480~520℃。According to the present invention, preferably, the heating rate in step (4) is 15-18°C/min, and the temperature is raised to 480-520°C.
根据本发明,优选的,步骤(5)中所述的甲醛溶液的浓度为15wt%。According to the present invention, preferably, the concentration of the formaldehyde solution described in step (5) is 15wt%.
根据本发明,步骤(1)中所述的γ-Al2O3可用现有市购产品;也可用工业氢氧化铝高温快速脱水工艺生产的活性γ-Al2O3,可制成球形或条型,优选球形。均按现有技术即可。According to the present invention, the γ-Al 2 O 3 described in step (1) can be available on the market; the active γ-Al 2 O 3 produced by the industrial aluminum hydroxide high-temperature rapid dehydration process can also be made into spherical or Bar type, preferably spherical. All get final product according to prior art.
根据本发明,步骤(2)中所用的正钛酸可用现有市购产品;也可用偏钛酸与浓氢氧化钠溶液100℃下反应三小时,转变为正钛酸钠,经水洗得正钛酸;偏钛酸可为工业硫酸法生产,也可为工业氯化法生产,优选工业硫酸法生产的偏钛酸。均按现有技术即可。According to the present invention, the orthotitanic acid used in step (2) can be available on the market; it can also be reacted with metatitanic acid and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution at 100°C for three hours to convert it into sodium orthotitanate, which can be washed with water to obtain orthotitanate. Titanic acid: metatitanic acid can be produced by industrial sulfuric acid method or by industrial chlorination method, preferably the metatitanic acid produced by industrial sulfuric acid method. All get final product according to prior art.
根据本发明,上述光催化剂用于活化降解污水中有机氯惰性污染物,尤其是用于活化降解污水中的双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(简称DDT)和六六六(六氯环己烷)等有机氯惰性污染物效果更佳。According to the present invention, the above-mentioned photocatalyst is used for activating and degrading organic chlorine inert pollutants in sewage, especially for activating and degrading di-p-chlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane in sewage. Alkanes) and other organic chlorine inert pollutants have a better effect.
根据本发明,上述光催化剂的具体应用步骤如下:According to the present invention, the concrete application steps of above-mentioned photocatalyst are as follows:
将光催化剂粉碎,装入光催化反应器中,通入有机氯惰性污染物的污水,常温、常压下光照反应,即可。The photocatalyst is pulverized, loaded into a photocatalytic reactor, and the sewage of organic chlorine inert pollutants is passed through, and the photocatalyst is reacted under normal temperature and normal pressure.
根据本发明,优选的,所述的光催化剂粉碎至20~40目,光催化剂和污水的质量体积比为1:150g/ml,所述的光照波长为370~420nm,光照反应时间为1~3h。According to the present invention, preferably, the photocatalyst is crushed to 20-40 meshes, the mass-volume ratio of photocatalyst to sewage is 1:150g/ml, the wavelength of light is 370-420nm, and the reaction time of light is 1-420nm. 3h.
本发明的原理:Principle of the present invention:
本发明光催化剂的制备过程中,以正钛酸为前驱物,以双氧水为溶剂,正钛酸溶解后浸渍负载有铜氧化物的活性三氧化二铝。本催化剂以TiO2为主催化剂,用以产生光生电子-空穴,通过本发明方法可以高度分散于Al2O3表面,一方面增加了TiO2的利用率,另一方面铜物种的存在可以减少了电子-空穴复合几率和调控氧化还原能力,从而使反应活性和选择性大幅提高。在制备过程中为提高铜氧化物的有效分散,使用EDTA·4Na为络合剂,吡啶为稳定剂,甲醛为控制铜物种类型比例的还原剂。In the preparation process of the photocatalyst of the present invention, orthotitanic acid is used as a precursor, hydrogen peroxide is used as a solvent, and after the orthotitanic acid is dissolved, active aluminum oxide loaded with copper oxide is impregnated. This catalyst uses TiO2 as the main catalyst to generate photogenerated electron-holes, which can be highly dispersed on the surface of Al2O3 through the method of the present invention. On the one hand, the utilization rate of TiO2 is increased, and on the other hand, the existence of copper species can The probability of electron-hole recombination is reduced and the redox ability is regulated, so that the reactivity and selectivity are greatly improved. In order to improve the effective dispersion of copper oxide in the preparation process, EDTA·4Na was used as a complexing agent, pyridine was used as a stabilizer, and formaldehyde was used as a reducing agent to control the proportion of copper species.
本发明的光催化剂适用于水中有机氯惰性污染物的选择性降解,降解产物易于被生物分子代谢成无害的产物。难以降解的有机氯分子一般具有分子对称性强,结构稳定,分子较大的特点,通过选择性降解这些有机氯分子,可以破坏分子的对称性,减小分子尺度,并且具有一定的亲水能力,使这些分子容易进入细菌的细胞内,而得以降解。The photocatalyst of the invention is suitable for the selective degradation of organic chlorine inert pollutants in water, and the degradation products are easily metabolized by biomolecules into harmless products. The organochlorine molecules that are difficult to degrade generally have the characteristics of strong molecular symmetry, stable structure, and large molecules. By selectively degrading these organochlorine molecules, the symmetry of the molecules can be broken, the molecular scale can be reduced, and it has a certain degree of hydrophilicity. , so that these molecules can easily enter the bacterial cells and be degraded.
本发明的有益效果如下:The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1、本发明的光催化剂具有TiO2分布均匀、Cu物种类型可控的优点,在选择性降解双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(简称DDT)和六六六(六氯环己烷)污染物的过程中表现出高的催化活性和选择性。1. The photocatalyst of the present invention has the advantages of uniform distribution of TiO and controllable Cu species type, and is effective in selective degradation of bis-p-chlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT for short) and hexahexa (hexachlorocyclohexane) pollution exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity.
2、本发明的光催化剂同时克服了纯TiO2催化剂比表面积小、强度差的缺点,催化活性高。2. The photocatalyst of the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of small specific surface area and poor strength of the pure TiO2 catalyst at the same time, and has high catalytic activity.
3、本发明的光催化剂的制备原料来源广泛,廉价易得,制备方法简单。3. The raw materials for the preparation of the photocatalyst of the present invention come from a wide range of sources, are cheap and easy to obtain, and have a simple preparation method.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例1制备得到的催化剂的高分辨电镜照片。Figure 1 is a high-resolution electron micrograph of the catalyst prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步说明,但不限于此。The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.
实施例中所用原料均为常规市购产品。The raw materials used in the examples are conventional commercially available products.
其中,正钛酸采用如下方法制备得到:Wherein, orthotitanic acid is prepared by the following method:
将采用硫酸法制备的偏钛酸110℃×12h烘干后加入到NaOH溶液中(TiO2含量:NaOH含量=1:3)反应,生成正钛酸钠,正钛酸钠用去离子水洗涤水解生成正钛酸,室温真空干燥,即得。The metatitanic acid prepared by the sulfuric acid method was dried at 110°C×12h and then added to the NaOH solution (TiO 2 content: NaOH content = 1:3) to react to form sodium orthotitanate, which was washed with deionized water Hydrolyzed to generate ortho-titanic acid, vacuum-dried at room temperature, that is.
实施例中焙烧过程中的升温速率均为15℃/min。In the examples, the heating rate during the calcination process is 15° C./min.
实施例1:Example 1:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜1g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 10g of 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 , weigh 1g of anhydrous copper nitrate, 1ml of pyridine, dissolve 1g of EDTA·4Na in 40ml of water, and impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h. Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸5g(按TiO2计为3.45g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干;500℃焙烧4h后;Weigh 5g of orthotitanic acid (3.45g as TiO 2 ), add 40ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve, impregnate the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12h, then dry at 105℃×12h; after calcination at 500℃ for 4h ;
将所得样品加入到15w%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品A。The obtained sample was added into 20ml of 15w% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12 hours, and vacuum-dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain sample A.
本实施例制得样品A光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛25%,活性三氧化二铝72.5%,铜氧化物2.5%。光催化剂的高分辨电镜照片如图1所示,由图1可知,TiO2的分布特征为高度分散并且均匀。In this example, the mass percentages of the components of the sample A photocatalyst were: 25% titanium dioxide, 72.5% active aluminum oxide, and 2.5% copper oxide. The high-resolution electron micrograph of the photocatalyst is shown in Figure 1. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the distribution of TiO 2 is highly dispersed and uniform.
实施例2:Example 2:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜1g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 10g of 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 , weigh 1g of anhydrous copper nitrate, 1ml of pyridine, dissolve 1g of EDTA·4Na in 40ml of water, and impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h. Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸3g(按TiO2计为2.1g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干,500℃焙烧4h;Weigh 3g of orthotitanic acid (2.1g as TiO 2 ), add 40ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve, impregnate the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12h, then dry at 105°C for 12h, and bake at 500°C for 4h;
将所得样品加入到15wt%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品B。The obtained sample was added into 20ml of 15wt% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12h, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain sample B.
本实施例制得样品B光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛16.9%,活性三氧化二铝80.4%,铜氧化物2.7%。The weight percentage of each component of sample B photocatalyst obtained in this embodiment is: titanium dioxide 16.9%, active aluminum oxide 80.4%, copper oxide 2.7%.
实施例3:Example 3:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜1g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 10g of 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 , weigh 1g of anhydrous copper nitrate, 1ml of pyridine, dissolve 1g of EDTA·4Na in 40ml of water, and impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h. Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸1g(按TiO2计为0.69g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干,500℃焙烧4h;Weigh 1 g of orthotitanic acid (0.69 g as TiO 2 ), add 40 ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve it, and then immerse the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12 h, then dry at 105°C for 12 h, and bake at 500°C for 4 h;
将所得样品加入到15wt%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品C。The obtained sample was added into 20ml of 15wt% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12h, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain sample C.
本实施例制得样品C光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛6.2%,活性三氧化二铝90.7%,铜氧化物3.1%。The mass percent content of each component of the sample C photocatalyst obtained in this embodiment is: 6.2% of titanium dioxide, 90.7% of activated aluminum oxide, and 3.1% of copper oxide.
实施例4:Example 4:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜1g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 10g of 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 , weigh 1g of anhydrous copper nitrate, 1ml of pyridine, dissolve 1g of EDTA·4Na in 40ml of water, and impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h. Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸7g(按TiO2计为4.8g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干,500℃焙烧4h;Weigh 7g of orthotitanic acid (4.8g as TiO 2 ), add 40ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve, impregnate the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12h, then dry at 105°C for 12h, and bake at 500°C for 4h;
将所得样品加入到15wt%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品D。The obtained sample was added to 20ml of 15wt% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12 hours, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain sample D.
本实施例制得样品D光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛31.7%,活性三氧化二铝66.1%,铜氧化物2.2%。The mass percent content of each component of the sample D photocatalyst obtained in this embodiment is: 31.7% of titanium dioxide, 66.1% of active aluminum oxide, and 2.2% of copper oxide.
实施例5:Example 5:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜1g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 10g of 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 , weigh 1g of anhydrous copper nitrate, 1ml of pyridine, dissolve 1g of EDTA·4Na in 40ml of water, and impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h. Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸9g(按TiO2计为6.2g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干,500℃焙烧4h;Weigh 9g of orthotitanic acid (6.2g as TiO 2 ), add 40ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve, impregnate the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12h, then dry at 105°C for 12h, and bake at 500°C for 4h;
将所得样品加入到15wt%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品E。The obtained sample was added into 20ml of 15wt% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12h, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain sample E.
本实施例制得样品E光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛37.4%,活性三氧化二铝60.5%,铜氧化物2.1%。The mass percent content of each component of the sample E photocatalyst obtained in this embodiment is: 37.4% of titanium dioxide, 60.5% of active aluminum oxide, and 2.1% of copper oxide.
实施例6:Embodiment 6:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜2g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 10g, weigh anhydrous copper nitrate 2g, pyridine 1ml, dissolve EDTA·4Na1g in 40ml water, impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h, after the impregnation is completed, and Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸7g(按TiO2计为4.8g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干,500℃焙烧4h;Weigh 7g of orthotitanic acid (4.8g as TiO 2 ), add 40ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve, impregnate the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12h, then dry at 105°C for 12h, and bake at 500°C for 4h;
将所得样品加入到15wt%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品G。The obtained sample was added to 20ml of 15wt% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12h, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain sample G.
本实施例制得样品F光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛31%,活性三氧化二铝64.6%,铜氧化物4.4%。The mass percent content of each component of the sample F photocatalyst obtained in this embodiment is: 31% of titanium dioxide, 64.6% of activated aluminum oxide, and 4.4% of copper oxide.
实施例7:Embodiment 7:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜3g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 10g of 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 , weigh 3g of anhydrous copper nitrate, 1ml of pyridine, dissolve 1g of EDTA 4Na in 40ml of water, and impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h. Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸7g(按TiO2计为4.8g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干,500℃焙烧4h;Weigh 7g of orthotitanic acid (4.8g as TiO 2 ), add 40ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve, impregnate the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12h, then dry at 105°C for 12h, and bake at 500°C for 4h;
将所得样品加入到15wt%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品H。The obtained sample was added into 20ml of 15wt% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12h, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain sample H.
本实施例制得样品G光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛30.4%,活性三氧化二铝63.2%,铜氧化物6.4%。The mass percent content of each component of the sample G photocatalyst obtained in this embodiment is: 30.4% of titanium dioxide, 63.2% of active aluminum oxide, and 6.4% of copper oxide.
实施例8:Embodiment 8:
称取40-60目γ-Al2O310g,称取无水硝酸铜4g,吡啶1ml,EDTA·4Na1g用40ml水溶解后,浸渍γ-Al2O312h,浸渍完成后,并于105℃烘干12h;Weigh 10g of 40-60 mesh γ-Al 2 O 3 , weigh 4g of anhydrous copper nitrate, 1ml of pyridine, dissolve 1g of EDTA 4Na in 40ml of water, and impregnate γ-Al 2 O 3 for 12h. Dry at ℃ for 12 hours;
称取正钛酸7g(按TiO2计为4.8g),加入40ml双氧水溶解后室温浸渍上述已用铜处理的γ-Al2O312h,而后105℃×12h烘干,500℃焙烧4h;Weigh 7g of orthotitanic acid (4.8g as TiO 2 ), add 40ml of hydrogen peroxide to dissolve, impregnate the above-mentioned γ-Al 2 O 3 treated with copper at room temperature for 12h, then dry at 105°C for 12h, and bake at 500°C for 4h;
将所得样品加入到15wt%的甲醛溶液20ml中浸渍12h,60℃真空干燥12h,即得样品I。The obtained sample was added to 20ml of 15wt% formaldehyde solution, soaked for 12h, and dried in vacuum at 60°C for 12h to obtain sample I.
本实施例制得样品H光催化剂各成分质量百分含量为:二氧化钛29.7%,活性三氧化二铝61.9%,铜氧化物8.4%。The mass percent content of each component of sample H photocatalyst obtained in this embodiment is: 29.7% of titanium dioxide, 61.9% of activated aluminum oxide, and 8.4% of copper oxide.
应用例Application example
将实施例1~8制备得到的光催化剂用于处理DDT模拟污染废水,步骤如下:The photocatalysts prepared in Examples 1-8 are used to treat DDT simulated polluted wastewater, and the steps are as follows:
将粉碎成20~40目的光催化剂样品2g装入容积为500ml的內照式光催化反应器中,加入反应液300ml(有水和DDT组成,DDT浓度100mg/kg),常温、常压下反应2h;采用500W高压汞灯为光源。Put 2 g of photocatalyst samples crushed into 20-40 meshes into an internally illuminated photocatalytic reactor with a volume of 500 ml, add 300 ml of reaction liquid (composed of water and DDT, DDT concentration 100 mg/kg), and react at normal temperature and pressure 2h; use a 500W high-pressure mercury lamp as the light source.
采用安捷伦6890N气相色谱法测定处理后的反应液中DDT含量;ECD检测器,采用DDT测定专用填充柱,柱温200℃,高纯氮气为载气。Agilent 6890N gas chromatography was used to measure the content of DDT in the treated reaction liquid; ECD detector was used to measure DDT with a special packed column, the column temperature was 200°C, and high-purity nitrogen was used as the carrier gas.
本应用例中以DDT→PCPA为指标反应,考察光催化剂样品的催化活性和选择性,催化活性以DDT的转化率进行表征,转化率越高,催化活性越高。In this application example, DDT→PCPA is used as the index reaction to investigate the catalytic activity and selectivity of photocatalyst samples. The catalytic activity is characterized by the conversion rate of DDT. The higher the conversion rate, the higher the catalytic activity.
DDT初始浓度为100mg/kg,反应式如下:The initial concentration of DDT is 100mg/kg, and the reaction formula is as follows:
根据下式计算DDT的转化率(ηDDT)和PCPA的选择性(SPCPA):Calculate the conversion rate (η DDT ) of DDT and the selectivity (S PCPA ) of PCPA according to the following formula:
ηDDT=(M0-M1)/M0╳100%η DDT =(M 0 -M 1 )/M0╳100%
SPCPA=MC’/(M0-M1)╳100%S PCPA =M C '/(M 0 -M 1 )╳100%
其中M0,M1分别代表初始及最终反应液中DDT浓度,MC’为转化为PCPA的DDT量。Among them, M 0 and M 1 represent the concentration of DDT in the initial and final reaction solution respectively, and M C' is the amount of DDT converted into PCPA.
将实施例1~8制得的光催化剂样品A~H的反应活性和选择性评价结果示列于表1,其中的活性数据为反应2h的数据,选择性跟据2h反应数据计算得到。The reactivity and selectivity evaluation results of the photocatalyst samples A to H prepared in Examples 1 to 8 are shown in Table 1, where the activity data is the data of the 2h reaction, and the selectivity is calculated based on the 2h reaction data.
表1.不同光催化剂样品的活性和选择性对比Table 1. Activity and selectivity comparison of different photocatalyst samples
由表1可知,本发明的光催化剂,处理DDT有机氯污染物的反应活性和选择性都有较好的效果。It can be seen from Table 1 that the photocatalyst of the present invention has good reactivity and selectivity in treating DDT organochlorine pollutants.
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