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CN104393293A - Positive pole lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for low-temperature battery and preparation method of composite material - Google Patents

Positive pole lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for low-temperature battery and preparation method of composite material Download PDF

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CN104393293A
CN104393293A CN201410667397.XA CN201410667397A CN104393293A CN 104393293 A CN104393293 A CN 104393293A CN 201410667397 A CN201410667397 A CN 201410667397A CN 104393293 A CN104393293 A CN 104393293A
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lithium
iron phosphate
lithium iron
compound
low
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刘昊
李绍敏
梅军
刘焕明
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Chengdu Science and Technology Development Center of CAEP
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Chengdu Science and Technology Development Center of CAEP
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26Phosphates
    • C01B25/45Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法。该方法是采用二价铁化合物为原料,按照摩尔比为Fe:Li:P=0.98-1:1-1.02:1的比例称取二价铁化合物、锂化合物和磷化合物,各自溶解或分散在去离子水中,以一定顺序加入到适量体积的液相还原剂中,在特定温度下回流反应,固液分离后得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,再惰性气体保护下煅烧制得LiFePO4/C复合正极材料。与其他方法相比,本发明工艺设备简单,条件温和,前驱体结晶完整,高温煅烧时间大大缩短,能耗大幅度降低,磷酸铁锂粒径细小,具有较优异的常温放电性能和低温充放电性能。

The invention discloses a method for preparing a positive electrode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for a low-temperature battery. The method is to use a ferrous compound as a raw material, weigh the ferrous compound, lithium compound and phosphorus compound according to the molar ratio of Fe:Li:P=0.98-1:1-1.02:1, dissolve or disperse them in Add deionized water to an appropriate volume of liquid-phase reducing agent in a certain order, reflux reaction at a specific temperature, and obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor after solid-liquid separation, and then calcinate under the protection of an inert gas to obtain a LiFePO 4 /C composite positive electrode Material. Compared with other methods, the present invention has simple process equipment, mild conditions, complete precursor crystallization, greatly shortened high-temperature calcination time, greatly reduced energy consumption, fine particle size of lithium iron phosphate, and excellent normal-temperature discharge performance and low-temperature charge-discharge performance.

Description

Low temperature battery LiFePO 4 of anode material/carbon composite and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery anode, particularly relate to the preparation method of a kind of low temp lithium ion battery LiFePO 4 of anode material/carbon composite.
Technical background
Along with the appearance of new material and the improvement of battery design technology, the range of application of lithium ion battery is constantly widened.Civil area expands to energy traffic from information industry.And in national defense and military fields, lithium ion battery then covers many arm of the services such as land, sea, air, sky.Wherein, when military equipment needs to work at Han Qu, (as less than-40 DEG C) are just high to the low temperature electrochemical performance requirement of lithium ion battery, but the charge-discharge performance decay of lithium ion battery below-20 DEG C in low temperature environment significantly, significantly limit the normal operation of corps under adverse weather condition.
Form from the structure of lithium ion battery, the performance of battery anode active material chemical property is one of important factor in order of lithium ion battery cryogenic property.Due to LiFePO 4there is the advantages such as abundant raw material source, cheap and excellent high temperature cyclic performance and security performance, LiFePO 4be suitable as very much the positive electrode of motor vehicle and all kinds of energy storage device, but its intrinsic characteristic (under room temperature its electronic conductivity and ion diffusion rates low, be respectively 10 -8-10 -10s/cm and 10 -12-10 -14cm 2/ s) cause LiFePO 4as positive electrode battery at low temperatures time charge-discharge performance have remarkable decay.At present, mainly its cryogenic property is improved from aspects such as shortening lithium ion the evolving path, Surface coating electric conducting material and doping.
Reduce LiFePO4 primary particle size, the conventional method shortening lithium ion the evolving path is generally divided into Mechanical Method and liquid phase synthesizing method.The general step of Mechanical Method is all carry out high-energy ball milling once or twice after being mixed by basic material to calcine for a long time to increase response area again, if number of patent application is for as described in 201210155024.5 and 201310504706.7, its shortcoming is a large amount of milling apparatus of needs and energy consumption is large.Conventional liquid phase synthesizing method is hydro-thermal or solvent-thermal process, as as described in Authorization Notice No. CN100454615C, the method not only needs to carry out in high pressure reactor, require higher to consersion unit, and productive rate is lower, increase cost pressure, obtained average grain diameter is that the dispersed lithium iron phosphate nanometer crystal low temperature performance of 200-500nm is not good enough.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low temperature battery lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite cathode material and preparation method thereof, composite positive pole obtained by this method has higher specific capacity and good low temperature charge-discharge performance.
The preparation method of low temperature battery LiFePO 4 of anode material/carbon composite of the present invention, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A. ferro-compound, lithium compound, phosphorus compound and carbon source is disperseed respectively to be formed in deionized water solution or suspension-turbid liquid that concentration is 0.5-1.5mol/L; Described ferro-compound in molar ratio: lithium compound: phosphorus compound=0.98 ~ 1:1:1 ~ 1.02; Described carbon source is 1% ~ 10% of the quality by basic material gained lithium iron phosphate positive material;
B. join in the liquid-phase reduction agent of certain volume by gained solution or suspension-turbid liquid in step a, after forming mixed solution, under uniform temperature, atmospheric pressure reflux reacts 4-16h, and then Separation of Solid and Liquid obtains ferric lithium phosphate precursor powder;
C. ferric lithium phosphate precursor powder is placed in inert atmosphere sintering furnace and is warming up to 550-750 DEG C of calcining 1-5h, after cooling, namely obtain low form lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite cathode material.
Further, described ferro-compound is one or more mixtures in ferrous acetate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous phosphate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous oxalate, frerrous chloride; Described lithium compound is one or more mixtures in lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate, lithium nitrate; One or more mixtures in described phosphorus compound organic phosphorus sources; Described carbon source is one or more mixtures in organic acid, organic carbohydrate, inorganic conductive agent;
Further, described phosphorus compound is one or more mixtures in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, phytic acid; Described carbon source is one or more mixtures in citric acid, ascorbic acid, glucose, sucrose, fructose, acetylene black, carbon nano-tube, electrically conductive graphite;
Further, in step b, join in the liquid-phase reduction agent of certain volume according to following order, form mixed solution: first add ferro-compound solution or suspension-turbid liquid, then add phosphorus compound solution, then add carbon source solution or suspension-turbid liquid, finally add lithium compound solution or suspension-turbid liquid;
Further, described liquid-phase reduction agent is the mixture of one or more arbitrary proportions in ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, methyl-sulfoxide, glycerol, oleyl amine; The volume ratio of liquid-phase reduction agent and deionized water is: liquid-phase reduction agent: deionized water=1:0.2 ~ 5;
Further, in step b, reaction temperature is 150 DEG C of boiling temperatures to liquid-phase reduction agent;
Further, described Separation of Solid and Liquid comprises centrifugation step, decompression distillation step, filtration step;
Further, in step c, the heating rate in calcination process is 2 ~ 5 DEG C/min;
Further, described ferro-compound in molar ratio: lithium compound: phosphorus compound=1.0:1.0:1.0 disperses the ferrous phosphate turbid liquid concentration formed afterwards in deionized water to be 1.5mol/L respectively, and the concentration of lithium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, citric acid solution is respectively 1.0mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 0.5mol/L;
The present invention also discloses a kind of low form lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite cathode material, and described composite positive pole is obtained by the preparation method of above-mentioned low temperature battery LiFePO 4 of anode material/carbon composite.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the preparation method of low temperature battery LiFePO 4 of anode material/carbon composite of the present invention, synthesis technique is simple, and without the need to high energy milling equipment and high pressure reactor, process conditions are gentle, raw material sources are extensive, greatly reduce energy consumption and production cost; The strongly reducing atmosphere utilizing liquid-phase reduction agent to provide, prevents ferrous oxidation; Presoma crystallization is more complete, shortens the high-temperature calcination time, stops the reduction of growing up, promoting energy consumption of particle further; Realize in-situ carbon coated, LiFePO4 particle diameter is little, under normal temperature 0.1C first discharge capacity be greater than 150, at-20 DEG C, capability retention is 70%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments to further instruction of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of lithium ion cell positive lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the XRD figure of lithium ion cell positive lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is lithium ion cell positive lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material room temperature capacity curve prepared by embodiment 1
Fig. 4 is-20 DEG C of test curves of lithium ion cell positive lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material prepared by embodiment 1;
Embodiment
The preparation method of the low temperature battery LiFePO 4 of anode material/carbon composite of the present embodiment, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A. ferro-compound, lithium compound, phosphorus compound and carbon source is disperseed respectively to be formed in deionized water solution or suspension-turbid liquid that concentration is 0.5-1.5mol/L; Described ferro-compound in molar ratio: lithium compound: phosphorus compound=0.98 ~ 1:1:1 ~ 1.02; Described carbon source is 1% ~ 10% of the quality by basic material gained lithium iron phosphate positive material;
B. join in the liquid-phase reduction agent of certain volume by gained solution or suspension-turbid liquid in step a, after forming mixed solution, under uniform temperature, atmospheric pressure reflux reacts 4-16h, and then Separation of Solid and Liquid obtains ferric lithium phosphate precursor powder;
C. ferric lithium phosphate precursor powder is placed in inert atmosphere sintering furnace and is warming up to 550-750 DEG C of calcining 1-5h, after cooling, namely obtain low form lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite cathode material.
In the present embodiment, described ferro-compound is one or more mixtures in ferrous acetate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous phosphate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous oxalate, frerrous chloride; Described lithium compound is one or more mixtures in lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate, lithium nitrate; One or more mixtures in described phosphorus compound organic phosphorus sources; Described carbon source is one or more mixtures in organic acid, organic carbohydrate, inorganic conductive agent;
In the present embodiment, described phosphorus compound is one or more mixtures in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, phytic acid; Described carbon source is one or more mixtures in citric acid, ascorbic acid, glucose, sucrose, fructose, acetylene black, carbon nano-tube, electrically conductive graphite;
In the present embodiment, in step b, join in the liquid-phase reduction agent of certain volume according to following order, form mixed solution: first add ferro-compound solution or suspension-turbid liquid, then add phosphorus compound solution, then add carbon source solution or suspension-turbid liquid, finally add lithium compound solution or suspension-turbid liquid;
In the present embodiment, described liquid-phase reduction agent is the mixture of one or more arbitrary proportions in ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, methyl-sulfoxide, glycerol, oleyl amine; The volume ratio of liquid-phase reduction agent and deionized water is: liquid-phase reduction agent: deionized water=1:1 ~ 5;
In the present embodiment, in step b, reaction temperature is 150 DEG C of boiling temperatures to liquid-phase reduction agent;
In the present embodiment, described Separation of Solid and Liquid comprises centrifugation step, decompression distillation step, filtration step;
In the present embodiment, in step c, the heating rate in calcination process is 2 ~ 5 DEG C/min;
In the present embodiment, described ferro-compound in molar ratio: lithium compound: phosphorus compound=1.0:1.0:1.0 disperses the ferrous phosphate turbid liquid concentration formed afterwards in deionized water to be 1.5mol/L respectively, and the concentration of lithium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, citric acid solution is respectively 1.0mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 0.5mol/L;
The low form lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite cathode material of this enforcement, described composite positive pole is obtained by the preparation method of above-mentioned low temperature battery LiFePO 4 of anode material/carbon composite.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Take basic material ferrous phosphate according to the ratio of elemental mole ratios Fe:Li:P=1.0:1.0:1.0, lithium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, the amount taking carbon source citric acid by acquisition lithium iron phosphate positive material 10%, above-mentioned raw materials is disperseed in deionized water separately, ferrous phosphate turbid liquid concentration is 1.5mol/L, the concentration of lithium hydroxide, phosphoric acid and citric acid solution is respectively 1.0mol/L, 0.5mol/L and 0.5mol/L, the volume summation of suspension-turbid liquid and solution and the volume ratio of liquid-phase reduction agent triethylene glycol are 1.0, join in liquid-phase reduction agent according to following order, stir while adding: ferrous phosphate suspension-turbid liquid-phosphoric acid solution-citric acid solution-lithium hydroxide solution, after mixing at 250 DEG C back flow reaction 8h, carry out centrifugally operated after cooling and realize Separation of Solid and Liquid, namely course of reaction obtains the more complete ferric lithium phosphate precursor material of crystallization of Surface coating one deck conductive agent without the need to inert gas shielding, after the vacuumize of gained presoma in inert atmosphere sintering furnace with the speed that heating rate is 5 DEG C/min, 650 DEG C of insulation 2h, namely lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode is obtained with after stove cooling.
SEM Fig. 1 and XRD Fig. 2 of the lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode material that this embodiment obtains can find out, the average grain diameter of corynebacterium lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material is 100-200nm, and be olivine-type orthohormbic structure, perfect crystalline is without dephasign.First charge-discharge curve under the experiment half-cell room temperature made by embodiment 1 gained positive electrode is shown in Fig. 3, and its 0.1C first discharge specific capacity is 160mAh/g as seen, and at-20 DEG C, the discharge capacity first of 0.1C is 110mAh/g.
Embodiment 2
Take basic material ferrous carbonate according to the ratio of elemental mole ratios Fe:Li:P=0.98:1.0:1.0, lithium acetate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the amount taking carbon source glucose by acquisition lithium iron phosphate positive material 10%, above-mentioned raw materials is disperseed in deionized water separately, ferrous carbonate turbid liquid concentration is 1.2mol/L, the concentration of lithium acetate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and glucose solution is respectively 0.5mol/L, 1.0mol/L and 1.0mol/L, the volume summation of suspension-turbid liquid and solution and the volume ratio of liquid-phase reduction agent diethylene glycol (DEG) are 0.5, join in liquid-phase reduction agent according to following order, stir while adding: ferrous carbonate suspension-turbid liquid-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-glucose solution-lithium acetate solution, after mixing at 240 DEG C back flow reaction 12h, carry out centrifugally operated after cooling and realize Separation of Solid and Liquid, namely course of reaction obtains the more complete ferric lithium phosphate precursor material of crystallization of Surface coating one deck conductive agent without the need to inert gas shielding, after the vacuumize of gained presoma in inert atmosphere sintering furnace with the speed that heating rate is 4 DEG C/min, 700 DEG C of insulation 2h, namely lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode is obtained with after stove cooling.
The surface sweeping electromicroscopic photograph of the lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode material that this embodiment obtains as shown in Figure 1, therefrom the XRD figure of lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material, first charge-discharge curve chart under room temperature and low temperature and Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 without essential distinction, repeat no more herein.Room temperature 0.1C first charge-discharge capacity is 158mAh/g, at-20 DEG C 0.1C first discharge capacity be 109mAh/g.
Embodiment 3
Take basic material ferrous oxalate according to the ratio of elemental mole ratios Fe:Li:P=1.0:1.02:1.0, careless lithium and phosphoric acid, the amount taking carbon source sucrose by acquisition lithium iron phosphate positive material 8%, above-mentioned raw materials is disperseed in deionized water separately, ferrous oxalate turbid liquid concentration is 1.0mol/L, the concentration of lithium oxalate, phosphoric acid and sucrose solution is respectively 1.5mol/L, 1.0mol/L and 1.0mol/L, and the volume summation of suspension-turbid liquid and solution and the volume ratio of liquid-phase reduction agent ethylene glycol are 0.5, join in liquid-phase reduction agent according to following order, stir while adding: ferrous oxalate suspension-turbid liquid-phosphoric acid solution-sucrose solution-lithium oxalate solution, after mixing at 180 DEG C back flow reaction 14h, carry out centrifugally operated after cooling and realize Separation of Solid and Liquid, namely course of reaction obtains the more complete ferric lithium phosphate precursor material of crystallization of Surface coating one deck conductive agent without the need to inert gas shielding, after the vacuumize of gained presoma in inert atmosphere sintering furnace with the speed that heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, 750 DEG C of insulation 2h, namely lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode is obtained with after stove cooling.
The surface sweeping electromicroscopic photograph of the lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode material that this embodiment obtains as shown in Figure 1, therefrom the XRD figure of lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material, first charge-discharge curve chart under room temperature and low temperature and Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 without essential distinction, repeat no more herein.Room temperature 0.1C first charge-discharge capacity is 155mAh/g, at-20 DEG C 0.1C first discharge capacity be 109mAh/g.
Embodiment 4
Take basic material ferrous sulfate according to the ratio of elemental mole ratios Fe:Li:P=0.98:1.2:1.0, lithium carbonate and phytic acid, the amount taking conductive agent acetylene black by acquisition lithium iron phosphate positive material 3%, above-mentioned raw materials is disperseed in deionized water separately, copperas solution concentration is 2.0mol/L, the concentration of lithium carbonate suspension-turbid liquid, phytic acid and acetylene black suspension-turbid liquid is respectively 0.5mol/L, 1.0mol/L and 1.0mol/L, the volume summation of suspension-turbid liquid and solution and the volume ratio of liquid-phase reduction agent triethylene glycol are 2.0, join in liquid-phase reduction agent according to following order, stir while adding: copperas solution-plant acid solution-acetylene black suspension-turbid liquid-lithium carbonate suspension-turbid liquid, after mixing at 280 DEG C back flow reaction 16h, carry out centrifugally operated after cooling and realize Separation of Solid and Liquid, namely course of reaction obtains the more complete ferric lithium phosphate precursor material of crystallization of Surface coating one deck conductive agent without the need to inert gas shielding, after the vacuumize of gained presoma in inert atmosphere sintering furnace with the speed that heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, 650 DEG C of insulation 2h, namely lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode is obtained with after stove cooling.
The surface sweeping electromicroscopic photograph of the lithium iron phosphate/carbon combination electrode material that this embodiment obtains as shown in Figure 1, therefrom the XRD figure of lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material, first charge-discharge curve chart under room temperature and low temperature and Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 without essential distinction, repeat no more herein.Room temperature 0.1C first charge-discharge capacity is 155mAh/g, at-20 DEG C 0.1C first discharge capacity be 108mAh/g.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:  1. A preparation method for low-temperature battery cathode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material, characterized in that: comprise the following steps: a.将二价铁化合物、锂化合物、磷化合物和碳源分别分散在去离子水中形成浓度为0.5-1.5mol/L的溶液或悬浊液;按摩尔比所述二价铁化合物:锂化合物:磷化合物=0.98~1:1:1~1.02;所述碳源为按基础原料所得磷酸铁锂正极材料的质量的1%~10%;  a. Divalent iron compound, lithium compound, phosphorus compound and carbon source are respectively dispersed in deionized water to form a solution or suspension with a concentration of 0.5-1.5mol/L; the divalent iron compound in molar ratio: lithium compound : phosphorus compound=0.98~1:1:1~1.02; the carbon source is 1%~10% of the quality of the lithium iron phosphate cathode material obtained by the basic raw material; b.将步骤a中所得溶液或悬浊液加入到一定体积的液相还原剂中,形成混合溶液后于一定温度下常压回流反应4-16h,然后固液分离得到磷酸铁锂前驱体粉末;  b. Add the solution or suspension obtained in step a to a certain volume of liquid-phase reducing agent to form a mixed solution and then reflux at a certain temperature for 4-16 hours at normal pressure, and then separate the solid and liquid to obtain the lithium iron phosphate precursor powder ; c.将磷酸铁锂前驱体粉末置于惰性气氛烧结炉中升温至550-750℃煅烧1-5h,冷却后即得低温型磷酸铁锂/碳复合正极材料。  c. Place the lithium iron phosphate precursor powder in an inert atmosphere sintering furnace and heat up to 550-750° C. for 1-5 hours. After cooling, the low-temperature lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite positive electrode material is obtained. the 2.根据权利要求1所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二价铁化合物为醋酸亚铁、碳酸亚铁、磷酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁、草酸亚铁、氯化亚铁中的一种或两种以上混合物;所述锂化合物为氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、醋酸锂、草酸锂、硝酸锂中的一种或两种以上混合物;所述磷化合物有机磷源中的一种或两种以上混合物;所述碳源为有机酸类、有机糖类、无机导电剂中的一种或两种以上混合物。  2. the preparation method of low-temperature battery cathode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described divalent iron compound is ferrous acetate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous phosphate, ferrous sulfate One or more mixtures of iron, ferrous oxalate, and ferrous chloride; the lithium compound is one or more mixtures of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate, and lithium nitrate; The phosphorus compound is one or a mixture of two or more of organic phosphorus sources; the carbon source is one or a mixture of two or more of organic acids, organic sugars, and inorganic conductive agents. the 3.根据权利要求2所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述磷化合物为磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸、植酸中的一种或两种以上混合物;所述碳源为柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、乙炔黑、碳纳米管、导电石墨中的一种或两种以上混合物。  3. the preparation method of low-temperature battery cathode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described phosphorus compound is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, phytic acid One or a mixture of two or more; the carbon source is one or a mixture of two or more of citric acid, ascorbic acid, glucose, sucrose, fructose, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and conductive graphite. the 4.根据权利要求1所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b中,按照下列顺序加入到一定体积的液相还原剂中,形成混合溶液:先加入二价铁化合物溶液或悬浊液,然后加入磷化合物溶液,再加入碳源溶液或悬浊液,最后加入锂化合物溶液或悬浊液。  4. The preparation method of the positive electrode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for low-temperature battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step b, add in a certain volume of liquid-phase reducing agent in the following order to form a mixed solution : First add ferrous compound solution or suspension, then add phosphorus compound solution, then add carbon source solution or suspension, and finally add lithium compound solution or suspension. the 5.根据权利要求4所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备 方法,其特征在于:所述液相还原剂为乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二甲亚砜、丙三醇、油胺中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物;液相还原剂与去离子水的体积比为:液相还原剂:去离子水=1:0.2~5。  5. the preparation method of low-temperature battery cathode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described liquid phase reducing agent is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol Alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, oleylamine, or a mixture of two or more in any proportion; the volume ratio of liquid-phase reducing agent to deionized water is: liquid-phase reducing agent: deionized water=1: 0.2~5. the 6.根据权利要求1所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b中,反应温度为150℃至液相还原剂的沸点温度。  6. The method for preparing the positive electrode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for low-temperature batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that in step b, the reaction temperature is from 150°C to the boiling point of the liquid-phase reducing agent. the 7.根据权利要求6所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述固液分离包括离心步骤、减压蒸馏步骤、过滤步骤。  7. The method for preparing the positive electrode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for low-temperature batteries according to claim 6, wherein the solid-liquid separation comprises a centrifugation step, a vacuum distillation step, and a filtration step. the 8.根据权利要求1所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤c中,煅烧过程中的升温速率为2~5℃/min。  8 . The method for preparing the positive electrode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for low-temperature batteries according to claim 1 , wherein in step c, the heating rate during the calcination process is 2-5° C./min. the 9.根据权利要求1-8任一权利要求所述的低温电池用正极材料磷酸铁锂/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:按摩尔比所述二价铁化合物:锂化合物:磷化合物=1.0:1.0:1.0分别分散在去离子水中后形成的磷酸亚铁悬浊液浓度为1.5mol/L,氢氧化锂、磷酸、柠檬酸溶液的浓度分别为1.0mol/L、0.5mol/L、0.5mol/L。  9. The preparation method of the positive electrode material lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material for low-temperature battery according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: the divalent iron compound in molar ratio: lithium compound: phosphorus compound =1.0:1.0:1.0 The concentration of ferrous phosphate suspension formed after being dispersed in deionized water respectively is 1.5mol/L, and the concentrations of lithium hydroxide, phosphoric acid and citric acid solution are respectively 1.0mol/L and 0.5mol/L , 0.5mol/L. the 10.一种低温型磷酸铁锂/碳复合正极材料,其特征在于:所述复合正极材料由权利要求1-8任一利要求所述的方法制得。  10. A low-temperature lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite positive electrode material, characterized in that the composite positive electrode material is produced by the method described in any one of claims 1-8. the
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