CN104377375A - Integrated gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generating system - Google Patents
Integrated gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generating system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
一种整体煤气化熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统，包括空分装置，空分装置的出口接气化炉入口，气化炉出口通过高温换热器、颗粒物脱除装置、脱硫装置、汞脱除装置、水汽变换装置连接余热回收器后再连接熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极入口，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池输出通过DC/AC转换器接交流电网或电器，从气化炉出来的合成气经过高温换热器、回收热量，再经过煤气净化后通入高温熔融碳酸盐燃料电池；而空气首先通过压缩机增压，在高温换热器和低温换热器加热后推动透平发电，充分利用热量转化为电能，本发明提高系统热量利用率和系统效率。
An integrated coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system, including an air separation unit, the outlet of the air separation unit is connected to the inlet of the gasifier, and the outlet of the gasifier passes through a high-temperature heat exchanger, a particle removal device, a desulfurization device, and a mercury removal device. The removal device and the water vapor conversion device are connected to the waste heat recovery device and then connected to the anode inlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell. The output of the molten carbonate fuel cell is connected to the AC power grid or electrical appliances through the DC/AC converter, and the syngas from the gasifier passes through The high-temperature heat exchanger recovers heat, and after the gas is purified, it is passed into the high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell; while the air is first pressurized by the compressor, and after being heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat exchanger, it drives the turbine to generate electricity, fully By converting heat into electric energy, the invention improves system heat utilization rate and system efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于熔融碳酸盐燃料电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种整体煤气化熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of molten carbonate fuel cells, in particular to an integrated coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system.
背景技术Background technique
熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell,MCFC)具有发电效率高、污染排放低以及燃料适应性广等多方面优点。在发电站、军事以及航空航天等领域有着广阔的应用前景。熔融碳酸盐燃料电池在650℃的高温条件下运行，电池堆产生的废气可以与小型燃气轮机组成联合循环，进一步回收热量，系统发电效率达到50％以上，远远高于火力发电厂。由于具有噪音和污染物的排放量很低的优点，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池作为分布式电源可安放于办公大楼、医院等附近供电。Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) has many advantages such as high power generation efficiency, low pollution emission and wide fuel adaptability. It has broad application prospects in power stations, military and aerospace and other fields. Molten carbonate fuel cells operate at a high temperature of 650°C. The exhaust gas generated by the battery stack can form a combined cycle with a small gas turbine to further recover heat. The power generation efficiency of the system reaches more than 50%, which is much higher than that of thermal power plants. Due to the advantages of low noise and pollutant emissions, molten carbonate fuel cells can be used as a distributed power supply and can be placed near office buildings, hospitals, etc. for power supply.
熔融碳酸盐燃料电池的燃料比较灵活，可以用合成煤气、天然气、富氢气体、化工厂含碳或氢的驰放气作为燃料，对煤等化石燃料的依存度不高。熔融碳酸盐燃料电池与煤气化技术相结合，构建整体煤气化燃料电池(Integrated GasificationFuel Cell,IGFC)发电系统，不仅使燃料电池发电的容量和效率增加，也可以实现煤炭资源的清洁利用，是21世纪洁净煤发电技术的一个重要方向。The fuel of the molten carbonate fuel cell is relatively flexible. Synthetic gas, natural gas, hydrogen-rich gas, and purge gas containing carbon or hydrogen from chemical plants can be used as fuel, and the dependence on fossil fuels such as coal is not high. The combination of molten carbonate fuel cell and coal gasification technology to build an integrated gasification fuel cell (Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell, IGFC) power generation system not only increases the capacity and efficiency of fuel cell power generation, but also realizes the clean utilization of coal resources. An important direction of clean coal power generation technology in the 21st century.
目前针对IGFC系统的研究仍处于发展示范阶段。2001年，美国建成凯姆登前置燃料电池的大型煤气化联合循环电站项目，该发电系统是一个前置熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)的大型煤气化联合循环发电站(IGCC)，但是由于熔融碳酸盐燃料电池需要工作在高压之下，使得电池寿命大大降低。为了提高电池的运行特性，2003年美国肯塔基先进能源与Fuel Cell Energy公司合作，在Wabash riverIGCC电站示范IGFC发电系统，MCFC为后置电池系统，功率达到2MW。国内，上海交通大学也提出了熔融碳酸盐燃料电池燃气轮机顶层循环和底层循环的发电系统，并进一步提出与制热和制冷相结合的冷热电三联供熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统。但是在已有的研究中，碳酸盐燃料电池系统均作为一个独立的模块，未能考虑到整个系统中热量的有效利用。因此，在保持燃料电池发电效率一定的条件下，进一步提高系统的热利用效率，将能够进一步提高系统效率。At present, the research on IGFC system is still in the development and demonstration stage. In 2001, the United States built a large-scale coal gasification combined cycle power station project with a front fuel cell in Camden. The power generation system is a large coal gasification combined cycle power station (IGCC) with a front molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), but Because molten carbonate fuel cells need to work under high pressure, the battery life is greatly reduced. In order to improve the operating characteristics of the battery, Kentucky Advanced Energy of the United States cooperated with Fuel Cell Energy in 2003 to demonstrate the IGFC power generation system at the Wabash river IGCC power station. MCFC is a rear battery system with a power of 2MW. Domestically, Shanghai Jiao Tong University also proposed a power generation system with molten carbonate fuel cell gas turbine top cycle and bottom cycle, and further proposed a combined cooling, heating and power system for molten carbonate fuel cell combined with heating and cooling. However, in the existing research, the carbonate fuel cell system is regarded as an independent module, which fails to consider the effective utilization of heat in the whole system. Therefore, under the condition of keeping the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell constant, further improving the heat utilization efficiency of the system will further improve the system efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种整体煤气化熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统，提高系统热量利用率和系统效率。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system, which improves the heat utilization rate and system efficiency of the system.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的系统方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the system solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种整体煤气化熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统，包括空分装置1，空分装置1的入口通入空气，空分装置1的氧气出口接气化炉2的氧气入口，空分装置1的氮气出口接氮气储存装置，气化炉2的煤入口加入煤，气化炉2的高温气体出口连接至高温换热器3的高温气体入口，高温换热器3的低温气体入口接压缩机13的出口，压缩机13的入口通入空气，高温换热器3的高温气体出口连接颗粒物脱除装置4的入口，高温换热器3的低温气体出口连接低温换热器11的低温气体入口，颗粒物脱除装置4的出口连接脱硫装置5的入口，脱硫装置5的出口连接汞脱除装置6的入口，汞脱除装置6的出口连接水汽变换装置7的入口，水汽变换装置7的出口连接余热回收器10的低温气体入口，余热回收器10的低温气体出口连接熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阳极入口，余热回收器10的高温气体入口接熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阴极出口，余热回收器10的高温气体出口为废气，排空，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阳极出口连接催化燃烧器9的第一入口，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阴极入口连接低温换热器11高温气体出口，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8输出电能连接DC/AC转换器12的入口，DC/AC转换器12出口接交流电网或电器，催化燃烧器9出口连接低温换热器11高温气体入口，低温换热器11的低温气体出口接透平14的入口，透平14的出口连接催化燃烧器9的第二入口，发电机15与透平14同轴连接产出电能。An integrated coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system, comprising an air separation unit 1, the inlet of the air separation unit 1 is fed with air, the oxygen outlet of the air separation unit 1 is connected to the oxygen inlet of the gasifier 2, and the air separation unit 1 The nitrogen outlet of the gasifier is connected to the nitrogen storage device, the coal inlet of the gasifier 2 is filled with coal, the high-temperature gas outlet of the gasifier 2 is connected to the high-temperature gas inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3, and the low-temperature gas inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3 is connected to the compressor 13, the inlet of the compressor 13 is fed with air, the high-temperature gas outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the particle removal device 4, and the low-temperature gas outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3 is connected to the low-temperature gas inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 11 , the outlet of the particle removal device 4 is connected to the inlet of the desulfurization device 5, the outlet of the desulfurization device 5 is connected to the inlet of the mercury removal device 6, the outlet of the mercury removal device 6 is connected to the inlet of the water vapor conversion device 7, and the outlet of the water vapor conversion device 7 Connect the low-temperature gas inlet of the waste heat recovery device 10, the low-temperature gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device 10 is connected to the anode inlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8, the high-temperature gas inlet of the waste heat recovery device 10 is connected to the cathode outlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8, and waste heat recovery The high-temperature gas outlet of the device 10 is waste gas, which is evacuated. The anode outlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is connected to the first inlet of the catalytic burner 9, and the cathode inlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is connected to the high-temperature gas outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 11. The output power of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is connected to the inlet of the DC/AC converter 12, the outlet of the DC/AC converter 12 is connected to the AC grid or electrical appliances, the outlet of the catalytic burner 9 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 11 for high-temperature gas, and the low-temperature heat exchange The low-temperature gas outlet of the device 11 is connected to the inlet of the turbine 14, the outlet of the turbine 14 is connected to the second inlet of the catalytic burner 9, and the generator 15 is coaxially connected with the turbine 14 to generate electric energy.
所述空分装置1通过深冷法将空气中的氧气和氮气进行分离，氧气被输送至气化炉2中。The air separation unit 1 separates oxygen and nitrogen in the air through a cryogenic method, and the oxygen is transported to the gasifier 2 .
所述气化炉2内反应生成合成气，合成气主要成为是H2、H2O、CO、CO2、CH4、H2S、COS等。The reaction in the gasification furnace 2 produces synthesis gas, which is mainly H 2 , H 2 O, CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, COS and the like.
所述高温换热器3、余热回收器10和低温换热器11包括高温气体流道和低温气体流道，高温气体和低温气体被换热片隔开并通过换热片交换热量。The high-temperature heat exchanger 3 , waste heat recovery device 10 and low-temperature heat exchanger 11 include high-temperature gas flow passages and low-temperature gas flow passages. The high-temperature gas and low-temperature gas are separated by heat exchange fins and exchange heat through the heat exchange fins.
所述颗粒物脱除装置4采用袋式除尘器或电除尘器，脱除合成气中的颗粒物，使得矿尘含量小于200mg/Nm3。The particle removal device 4 uses a bag filter or an electrostatic precipitator to remove particles in the synthesis gas, so that the content of mineral dust is less than 200 mg/Nm 3 .
所述脱硫装置5采用低温甲醇法或NHD法，使得出口处H2S、COS含量小于1ppm。The desulfurization device 5 adopts low-temperature methanol method or NHD method, so that the content of H 2 S and COS at the outlet is less than 1 ppm.
所述汞脱除装置6采用活性炭法脱除合成气中的汞，使得出口气体中汞含量低于0.03mg/Nm3。The mercury removal device 6 uses activated carbon to remove mercury in the synthesis gas, so that the mercury content in the outlet gas is lower than 0.03 mg/Nm 3 .
所述水汽变换装置7采用催化剂将合成气中的CO与H2O反应生成CO2和H2，使得出口气体中CO比例低于0.5％。The water vapor shift device 7 uses a catalyst to react CO in the synthesis gas with H 2 O to generate CO 2 and H 2 , so that the proportion of CO in the outlet gas is lower than 0.5%.
所述熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8由阳极、阴极、电解质隔膜组成，阴极和阳极分别在电解质隔膜两侧，燃料和氧化剂分别通入到阳极和阴极腔室中，并发生电化学反应，产生电能和热量，电池工作温度在650℃，电池的规模通过多个电池堆串并联实现。The molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is composed of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte diaphragm. The cathode and the anode are respectively on both sides of the electrolyte diaphragm. The fuel and the oxidant are passed into the anode and cathode chambers respectively, and an electrochemical reaction occurs to generate electrical energy. and heat, the operating temperature of the battery is 650°C, and the scale of the battery is realized by connecting multiple battery stacks in series and parallel.
所述催化燃烧器9通过催化剂使得气体中的H2与O2发生化学反应生成H2O并释放热量。The catalytic burner 9 uses a catalyst to make H2 and O2 in the gas react chemically to generate H2O and release heat.
所述压缩机13、透平14和发电机15安装到同一根轴上，透平14在高压高温气体的冲击下转动带动压缩机13和发电机15转动，压缩机13增加使得空气的压力由常压增大至1Mpa以上，发电机15则产生电能。The compressor 13, the turbine 14 and the generator 15 are installed on the same shaft, the turbine 14 rotates under the impact of the high-pressure and high-temperature gas to drive the compressor 13 and the generator 15 to rotate, and the compressor 13 increases so that the pressure of the air is increased by Normal pressure increases to more than 1Mpa, generator 15 then produces electric energy.
本发明与已有的技术相比，充分地利用了合成气的热量用来加热高压空气，并最终通过透平做功，充分地利用了系统中的热量。与此同时采用发电效率高的高温熔融碳酸盐燃料电池，从而能够实现煤炭资源的清洁高效利用，发电效率可达50％以上，污染物排放大大降低，颗粒物＜4.5mg/Nm3、SO2＜20mg/Nm3、NOx＜30mg/Nm3、Hg<0.003mg/Nm3。Compared with the existing technology, the present invention fully utilizes the heat of the synthesis gas to heat the high-pressure air, and finally works through the turbine, fully utilizing the heat in the system. At the same time, high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cells with high power generation efficiency are used to realize clean and efficient utilization of coal resources, power generation efficiency can reach more than 50%, pollutant emissions are greatly reduced, particulate matter <4.5mg/Nm 3 , SO 2 <20mg/Nm 3 , NOx<30mg/Nm 3 , Hg<0.003mg/Nm 3 .
附图说明Description of drawings
附图是本发明的结构示意图。Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参照附图，一种整体煤气化熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统，包括空分装置1，空分装置1的入口通入空气，空分装置1的氧气出口接气化炉2的氧气入口，空分装置1的氮气出口接氮气储存装置，气化炉2的煤入口加入煤，气化炉2的高温气体出口连接至高温换热器3的高温气体入口，高温换热器3的低温气体入口接压缩机13的出口，压缩机13的入口通入空气，高温换热器3的高温气体出口连接颗粒物脱除装置4的入口，高温换热器3的低温气体出口连接低温换热器11的低温气体入口，颗粒物脱除装置4的出口连接脱硫装置5的入口，脱硫装置5的出口连接汞脱除装置6的入口，汞脱除装置6的出口连接水汽变换装置7的入口，水汽变换装置7的出口连接余热回收器10的低温气体入口，余热回收器10的低温气体出口连接熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阳极入口，余热回收器10的高温气体入口接熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阴极出口，余热回收器10的高温气体出口为废气，排空，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阳极出口连接催化燃烧器9的第一入口，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8阴极入口连接低温换热器11高温气体出口，熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8输出电能连接DC/AC转换器12的入口，DC/AC转换器12出口接交流电网或电器，催化燃烧器9出口连接低温换热器11高温气体入口，低温换热器11的低温气体出口接透平14的入口，透平14的出口连接催化燃烧器9的第二入口，发电机15与透平14同轴连接产出电能。With reference to the accompanying drawings, a kind of integrated coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system comprises an air separation unit 1, the inlet of the air separation unit 1 is fed with air, and the oxygen outlet of the air separation unit 1 is connected to the oxygen inlet of the gasifier 2, The nitrogen outlet of the air separation unit 1 is connected to the nitrogen storage device, the coal inlet of the gasifier 2 is filled with coal, the high-temperature gas outlet of the gasifier 2 is connected to the high-temperature gas inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3, and the low-temperature gas of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3 The inlet is connected to the outlet of the compressor 13, the inlet of the compressor 13 is fed with air, the high-temperature gas outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the particle removal device 4, and the low-temperature gas outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 3 is connected to the low-temperature heat exchanger 11 The inlet of the low-temperature gas, the outlet of the particle removal device 4 is connected to the inlet of the desulfurization device 5, the outlet of the desulfurization device 5 is connected to the inlet of the mercury removal device 6, the outlet of the mercury removal device 6 is connected to the inlet of the water vapor conversion device 7, and the water vapor conversion The outlet of the device 7 is connected to the low-temperature gas inlet of the waste heat recovery device 10, the low-temperature gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device 10 is connected to the anode inlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8, and the high-temperature gas inlet of the waste heat recovery device 10 is connected to the cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8 Outlet, the high-temperature gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device 10 is exhaust gas, evacuated, the anode outlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is connected to the first inlet of the catalytic burner 9, and the cathode inlet of the molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is connected to the low-temperature heat exchanger 11 The high temperature gas outlet, the molten carbonate fuel cell 8 output electric energy is connected to the inlet of the DC/AC converter 12, the outlet of the DC/AC converter 12 is connected to the AC power grid or electrical appliances, and the outlet of the catalytic burner 9 is connected to the low temperature heat exchanger 11 high temperature gas inlet The low-temperature gas outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 11 is connected to the inlet of the turbine 14, the outlet of the turbine 14 is connected to the second inlet of the catalytic burner 9, and the generator 15 is coaxially connected with the turbine 14 to generate electric energy.
所述空分装置1通过深冷法将空气中的氧气和氮气进行分离，氧气被输送至气化炉2中。The air separation unit 1 separates oxygen and nitrogen in the air through a cryogenic method, and the oxygen is transported to the gasifier 2 .
所述气化炉2内反应生成合成气，合成气主要成为是H2、H2O、CO、CO2、CH4、H2S、COS等。The reaction in the gasification furnace 2 generates syngas, and the syngas mainly includes H 2 , H 2 O, CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, COS and the like.
所述高温换热器3、余热回收器10和低温换热器11包括高温气体流道和低温气体流道，高温气体和低温气体被换热片隔开并通过换热片交换热量。The high-temperature heat exchanger 3 , waste heat recovery device 10 and low-temperature heat exchanger 11 include high-temperature gas flow passages and low-temperature gas flow passages. The high-temperature gas and low-temperature gas are separated by heat exchange fins and exchange heat through the heat exchange fins.
所述颗粒物脱除装置4采用袋式除尘器或电除尘器，脱除合成气中的颗粒物，使得矿尘含量小于200mg/Nm3。The particle removal device 4 uses a bag filter or an electrostatic precipitator to remove particles in the synthesis gas, so that the content of mineral dust is less than 200 mg/Nm 3 .
所述脱硫装置5采用低温甲醇法或NHD法，使得出口处H2S、COS含量小于1ppm。The desulfurization device 5 adopts low-temperature methanol method or NHD method, so that the content of H 2 S and COS at the outlet is less than 1 ppm.
所述汞脱除装置6采用活性炭法脱除合成气中的汞，使得出口气体中汞含量低于0.03mg/Nm3。The mercury removal device 6 uses activated carbon to remove mercury in the synthesis gas, so that the mercury content in the outlet gas is lower than 0.03 mg/Nm 3 .
所述水汽变换装置7采用催化剂将合成气中的CO与H2O反应生成CO2和H2，使得出口气体中CO比例低于0.5％。The water vapor shift device 7 uses a catalyst to react CO in the synthesis gas with H 2 O to generate CO 2 and H 2 , so that the proportion of CO in the outlet gas is lower than 0.5%.
所述熔融碳酸盐燃料电池8由阳极、阴极、电解质隔膜组成，阴极和阳极分别在电解质隔膜两侧，燃料和氧化剂分别通入到阳极和阴极腔室中，并发生电化学反应，产生电能和热量，电池工作温度在650℃，电池的规模通过多个电池堆串并联实现。The molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is composed of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte diaphragm. The cathode and the anode are respectively on both sides of the electrolyte diaphragm. The fuel and the oxidant are passed into the anode and cathode chambers respectively, and an electrochemical reaction occurs to generate electrical energy. and heat, the operating temperature of the battery is 650°C, and the scale of the battery is realized by connecting multiple battery stacks in series and parallel.
所述催化燃烧器9通过催化剂使得气体中的H2与O2发生化学反应生成H2O并释放热量。The catalytic burner 9 uses a catalyst to make H2 and O2 in the gas react chemically to generate H2O and release heat.
所述压缩机13、透平14和发电机15安装到同一根轴上，透平14在高压高温气体的冲击下转动带动压缩机13和发电机15转动，压缩机13增加使得空气的压力由常压增大至1Mpa以上，发电机15则产生电能。The compressor 13, the turbine 14 and the generator 15 are installed on the same shaft, the turbine 14 rotates under the impact of the high-pressure and high-temperature gas to drive the compressor 13 and the generator 15 to rotate, and the compressor 13 increases so that the pressure of the air is increased by Normal pressure increases to more than 1Mpa, generator 15 then produces electric energy.
本发明的工作原理为：煤和氧气通入气化炉2产生合成气，合成气的温度为900℃，组分为CO>40％，H2>30％，CO223％。合成气首先经过高温换热器3换热，温度降低至100℃以下，然后通入电除尘装置4，使得颗粒物成分低于200mg/Nm3；再通入脱硫装置5，使得H2S和COS浓度低于1ppm；再通入汞脱除装置6，使气体中汞含量低于0.3mg/Nm3，接着通过水汽变换装置7将合成气转化为H2和CO2，使得CO比例低于0.5％，然后经过余热回收器10预热燃料气至300℃以上，最后通入到熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)8的阳极，与此同时，空气通过压缩机13至5Mpa，接着经过高温换热器3、低温换热器11提高空气的温度至800℃以上，然后空气通过透平14做功而降温降压，并进一步通入到催化燃烧器9中与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)8阳极出口气体中未反应的H2发生化学反应放出热量，提高气体温度至900℃以上，然后通过低温换热器11降温后通入熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)8阴极腔室，燃料和氧化剂在熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)8内发生电化学反应，产生直流电，经过DC/AC转化器12转化为交流电。The working principle of the present invention is as follows: coal and oxygen are fed into the gasifier 2 to generate synthesis gas, the temperature of which is 900°C, and the components are CO>40%, H2 >30%, and CO2 23%. The synthesis gas first passes through the high-temperature heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange, and the temperature is lowered to below 100°C, and then passes into the electric dust removal device 4, so that the particle composition is lower than 200mg/Nm 3 ; then passes into the desulfurization device 5, so that H 2 S and COS The concentration is lower than 1ppm; and then passed to the mercury removal device 6, so that the mercury content in the gas is lower than 0.3mg/Nm 3 , and then the synthesis gas is converted into H 2 and CO 2 through the water vapor shift device 7, so that the CO ratio is lower than 0.5 %, then the fuel gas is preheated to above 300°C through the waste heat recovery device 10, and finally passed into the anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8, at the same time, the air passes through the compressor 13 to 5Mpa, and then passes through the high temperature exchange Heater 3 and low-temperature heat exchanger 11 increase the temperature of the air to above 800°C, and then the air passes through the turbine 14 to perform work to reduce the temperature and pressure, and further pass into the catalytic burner 9 and the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8 The unreacted H2 in the anode outlet gas undergoes a chemical reaction to release heat, raising the gas temperature to above 900°C, and then passes through the low-temperature heat exchanger 11 to cool down and then enters the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8 Cathode chamber, fuel Electrochemical reaction occurs with the oxidant in the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8 to generate direct current, which is converted into alternating current through the DC/AC converter 12 .
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| CN113224363A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Power generation system of molten carbonate fuel cell and working method thereof |
| CN113921863A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-11 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Power generation system and method for molten carbonate fuel cell |
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Effective date of registration: 20200730 Address after: 300450 No.1, Lingang Economic Zone, free trade zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin Patentee after: HUANENG (TIANJIN) COAL GASIFICATION POWER GENERATION Co.,Ltd. Address before: 102209, Beijing, Changping District, Beiqijia Town, future Technology City Huaneng innovation base laboratory building, A building Patentee before: Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute |