CN104374557B - Rotary machine second harmonic generation fault detecting method and system based on shaft center orbit - Google Patents
Rotary machine second harmonic generation fault detecting method and system based on shaft center orbit Download PDFInfo
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- CN104374557B CN104374557B CN201410629011.6A CN201410629011A CN104374557B CN 104374557 B CN104374557 B CN 104374557B CN 201410629011 A CN201410629011 A CN 201410629011A CN 104374557 B CN104374557 B CN 104374557B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary machine second harmonic generation fault detecting method and system based on a shaft center orbit. The rotary machine second harmonic generation fault detecting method includes the following steps: (1) rotary machine vibration data are detected through two perpendicular probes, and the step (2) is executed if second harmonic generation components in the vibration data detected by any probe is larger than or equal to 10 micrometers; (2) second harmonic generation data in the vibration data detected by the two probes are synthesized into the oval second harmonic generation shaft center orbit, the eccentricity of the second harmonic generation shaft center orbit is calculated, and causes of vibration are obtained according to the eccentricity. By means of the method, the problems of poor centering and the excessively-large vibration testing belt swing degree can be visually, rapidly and accurately distinguished, specific second harmonic generation failure causes are accordingly judged rapidly and accurately, and quantization analysis on influences of the two failures on vibration is carried out; in this way, the unit failure troubleshooting time is effectively shortened, an engineer is prevented from overhauling and maintaining units in an aimless mode, and the failure recognition accuracy and the failure processing efficiency are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to equipment condition monitoring technical field is and in particular to a kind of two times of rotating machinery based on orbit of shaft center
Frequency fault detection method and system.
Background technology
In rotating machinery runs, very complicated the reason various fault, there is quite a few to be due to two in these faults
Multiple-frequency vibration is larger to be caused, and in two frequency multiplication faults, die misalignment occupies larger proportion, and vibration measuring band shakes and spends greatly sometimes in addition
Show as two frequencys multiplication.Two kinds of troubleshooting modes differ greatly, such as misjudgment, not only can wasting manpower and material resources, more extend and set
The standby repair time, the equipment that has a strong impact on is gone into operation.How these two frequencys multiplication faults are accurately differentiated, and then taken correct answering
To measure, it is one of important subject of rotary machinery fault diagnosis all the time.
According to the experience of large rotating machinery status monitoring and practice for many years, carry out from the waveform frequency spectrum of vibration signal merely
Analysis and distinguishing, often can only determine the probable ranges of fault, there is larger inaccuracy it is easy to flow-induced vibration, rotation are taken off
From the low frequency class faults such as, surge, oil whirl, the power frequency fault such as imbalance, rotor hot bending, vibration measuring band bias, and misalign,
Oval vibration measuring band etc. two frequency multiplication fault is obscured.
Orbit of shaft center is one of the most frequently used instrument of Analyzing vibration fault of fan, but at present mainly according to passband axle center rail
The major failure that the shape of mark carries out blower fan differentiates, such as dynamic equilibrium problems, misaligns problem, oil whirl and oil whip and asks
Topic, flow-induced vibration problem, rotating stall and surge problems, unit touch mill problem etc..Shape sometimes according to power frequency orbit of shaft center
Differentiate imbalance problem, support system stiff problem etc..But up to the present, also specially do not entered according to two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center
The method of row vibration analysis, the failure cause causing for some two frequencys multiplication cannot be carried out deep analysis and differentiation.
Content of the invention
For defect or deficiency present in above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to, provide one kind to be based on axle center
The rotating machinery two frequency multiplication fault detection method of track.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that and is solved：
A kind of rotating machinery two frequency multiplication fault detection method based on orbit of shaft center, comprises the steps：
Step 1, using two orthogonal probe detection rotating machinery vibrating data, if arbitrary probe detection shake
Two frequency multiplication compositions >=10um, execution step 2 in dynamic data；
Step 2, the two frequency multiplication Data Synthesis two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center in the vibration data that two probe detections are obtained, should
Track ovalize；Calculate the eccentricity of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center；The reason cause vibration is obtained according to eccentricity.
Further, in described step 2, eccentricity obtains comprising the following steps that of the reason causing vibration：
If eccentricity≤0.5 of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center is it is believed that mainly cause vibration, execution step 3 by die misalignment；
If 0.8≤eccentricity ＜ 1 is it is believed that main being spent by the rolling of vibration measuring band causes greatly vibration, execution step 4；If 0.5 ＜ eccentricity
＜ 0.8 is caused it is believed that vibrating jointly by die misalignment and vibration measuring band rolling degree, respectively execution step 3 and step 4；
Step 3, calculates the rolling degree of vibration measuring band and calculates the exceeded value of rolling degree；If vibration measuring band rolling degree meets ψ≤5um, recognize
Normal for vibration measuring band rolling degree；Otherwise vibration measuring band rolling degree is exceeded, and superscale is the difference of calibration tape rolling degree and 5um；
Step 4, calculates short axle b of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, if the minor axis length b >=10um of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center,
Think die misalignment, if b ＜ 10um is it is believed that the impact to vibration for the centering degree is in allowed band.
Further, the step calculating the rolling degree of vibration measuring band in described step 3 is as follows：
Under jiggering state, calculate vibration measuring band rolling degree using following formula：
Wherein, x, y are the vibration data that under jiggering state, X, Y two probe place measuring point measures.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a kind of rotating machinery two frequency multiplication fault detect system based on orbit of shaft center
System.This system includes following two modules being connected：
Vibration detection module, this module is the module for implementing function such as：Using two orthogonal probe inspections
Survey rotating machinery vibrating data, if two frequency multiplication compositions >=10um in the vibration data of arbitrary probe detection, connect former to vibrating
Because of detection module；
Vibration cause detection module, this module is the module for implementing function such as：Described two probes are detected
To vibration data in two frequency multiplication Data Synthesis two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, this track ovalize；Calculate two frequency multiplication axle center rails
The eccentricity of mark, obtains, according to eccentricity, the reason cause vibration.
Further, in described vibration cause detection module, the described reality obtaining the reason cause vibration according to eccentricity
Now include as lower module：
Eccentricity judge module, is the module for implementing function such as：If the eccentricity of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center≤
0.5 it is believed that mainly cause vibration by die misalignment, connects to vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module；If 0.8≤eccentricity ＜ 1, recognize
Cause vibration greatly for main being spent by the rolling of vibration measuring band, connect to centering detection module；If 0.5 ＜ eccentricity ＜ 0.8 is it is believed that shake
Move and jointly caused by die misalignment and vibration measuring band rolling degree, connect vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module and centering detection module respectively；
Described vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module, is the module for implementing function such as：Calculate the rolling degree of vibration measuring band and count
Calculate the exceeded value of rolling degree；If vibration measuring band rolling degree meets ψ≤5um then it is assumed that vibration measuring band rolling degree is normal；Otherwise vibration measuring band rolling degree surpasses
Mark, superscale is the difference of calibration tape rolling degree and 5um；
Described centering detection module, is the module for implementing function such as：Calculate short axle b of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center,
If the minor axis length b >=10um of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center is it is believed that die misalignment, if b ＜ 10um is it is believed that centering degree is to shaking
Dynamic impact is in allowed band.
Further, in described vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module, the rolling degree calculating vibration measuring band is as follows：
Under jiggering state, calculate vibration measuring band rolling degree using following formula：
Wherein, x, y are the vibration data that under jiggering state, X, Y two probe place measuring point measures.
The present invention shakes two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center features when spending big according to die misalignment and vibration measuring band, by it and really
Two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center carry out similarity-rough set, can accurately detect and misalign and vibration measuring band rolling degree problems of too, and two
Person's influence degree respectively to fault.This method can intuitively, quickly and accurately distinguish die misalignment and vibration measuring band shakes and spends greatly
Problem, thus quickly and accurately differentiating specific two frequency multiplication failure causes, and on both faults on vibration caused by affect into
Quantitative analysiss are gone, therefore, the present invention effectively shortens the unit malfunction elimination time, it is to avoid engineering staff's blindness carries out unit inspection
Repair maintenance, improve Fault Identification precision and troubleshooting efficiency.
Brief description
Fig. 1 be two vibration measurings of X, Y probe be arranged vertically schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the bad two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center causing during vibration entirely on the center.
Fig. 3 is the larger two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center causing during vibration of complete vibration measuring band rolling degree.
Fig. 4 is the real two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center schematic diagrams in scene.
Fig. 5 is the vibrational waveform spectrogram (being a frequency multiplication at cursor) when blower fan runs under rated speed.Wherein, scheme
A () and figure (b) are the waveform frequency spectrum figure of blower fan free end X and Y-direction measuring point respectively, figure (c) and figure (d) are blower fan shaft coupling respectively
End X and the waveform frequency spectrum figure of Y-direction measuring point.
Fig. 6 is in embodiments of the invention, two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center in commissioning process.Wherein, figure (a) is free end two
Frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, figure (b) is shaft coupling end two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center.
Fig. 7 is the waveform frequency spectrum figure under the blower fan slow-speed of revolution.Wherein, figure (a) and figure (b) are blower fan free end X and Y side respectively
To the waveform frequency spectrum figure of measuring point, scheme (c) and scheme the waveform frequency spectrum figure that (d) is blower fan shaft coupling end X and Y-direction measuring point respectively.
Fig. 8 is two frequency multiplication Chart of axes tracks under the slow-speed of revolution.Wherein, figure (a) is free end two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, figure
B () is shaft coupling end two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further explained.
Specific embodiment
The Research Thinking of the present invention is that two main causes first vibration being caused individually are analyzed, every kind of former
Because gathering vibration data in the case of independent generation and thus obtaining two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, thus obtain every kind of reason individually sending out
The form parameter feature of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center in the case of life.The method of the present invention is based on two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center
Form parameter feature, quickly obtains causing the main cause of two multiple-frequency vibrations first, further obtains another two times of frequency vibrations
The occurrence degree of dynamic reason.Finally give the exact failure reason of rotating machinery, can provide for subsequent elimination fault quick
And accurately instruct.
First, the properties study of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center when two kinds of reasons individually occur
1st, die misalignment
According to two frequency multiplication waveform values features during die misalignment, inventor obtains being entirely two times under die misalignment state
Frequency Chart of axes track.If vibration is caused by misaligning completely, the angular velocity of rotation of rotor is ω, the shifting of two multiple-frequency vibration high point
Dynamic speed is 2 ω, and the time difference that X, Y probe records this vibration high point is T/8, then the waveform values that X, Y two probe place measuring point records
Vibration equation is：
In formula (1), (2)：A bis- multiple-frequency vibration single peak (amplitude),
T rotor swing circle, T=2 π/ω,
Vibration initial phase angle.
Then (X (t))2+(Y(t))2=A2, track is positive round (see Fig. 2).
2nd, vibration measuring band shakes and spends greatly
Two frequency multiplication waveform values features when spending big are shaken according to vibration measuring band, inventor derives two frequencys multiplication under this state
Chart of axes track.If vibration is entirely due to the rolling of vibration measuring band is spent and caused greatly, the angular velocity of rotation of rotor is ω, two times of frequency vibrations
The translational speed of dynamic high point is also that (now the translational speed of vibration high point is exactly rotor speed to ω, and two frequencys multiplication why occur
It is because in a cycle thering is two high point), the time difference that X, Y probe records this vibration high point is T/4, then X, Y two probe is located
The waveform values vibration equation that measuring point records is
(3)
(4)
In formula (3) and (4)：A bis- multiple-frequency vibration single peak (amplitude),
T rotor swing circle, T=2 π/ω,
Vibration initial phase angle.
Then X (t)+Y (t)=0, track is a straight line (see Fig. 3).
Reached a conclusion by analysis above：If two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center are positive round, vibration is not entirely due to right
In cause, if two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center are a straight line, vibration is entirely due to vibration measuring band shakes spends and cause greatly.Practical application
In, typically two factors have, and the two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center obtaining a necessarily ellipse (see Fig. 4), by this ellipse
Shape can determine the main cause causing two multiple-frequency vibrations.
Through a large amount of field tests, reflect two frequency multiplication faults using the size of the form parameter of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, obtain
To draw a conclusion：(1) if eccentricity≤0.5 of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, close to positive round it is believed that mainly being drawn by die misalignment
Play vibration；(2) if 0.8≤eccentricity ＜ 1, cause greatly vibration close to straight line it is believed that mainly shaking to spend by vibration measuring band；(3)
If 0.5 ＜ eccentricity ＜ 0.8, show die misalignment and both impact to vibration exceeded of vibration measuring band rolling degree all than larger.
When above-mentioned three kinds of situations occur, need to be further processed：
A, when situation (1) occurs in addition it is also necessary to calculating the size of vibration measuring band rolling degree further and judging rolling degree whether just
Often in scope.
Under jiggering state (200 revs/min of rotating speed ＜), the minor axis length b very little of oval orbit of shaft center, vibration measuring band shakes angle value
Available formula (5) represents：
In view of engineering in practice, rolling degree except survey turn band ellipse impact in addition to (vibration shows as two frequencys multiplication), sometimes
Also affected (vibration shows as a frequency multiplication) by the vibration measuring band-offset heart, therefore rolling degree can use formula (6) to calculate：
In formula (6), x, y are the vibration values that under jiggering state, X, Y two probe place measuring point measures.
According to API617 standard, the rolling degree of vibration measuring band does not typically allow more than 5um, that is,
ψ≤5um (7)
Can differentiate whether vibration measuring band rolling degree is exceeded and how much exceeded by being analyzed above.
B, when situation (2) occurs in addition it is also necessary to obtaining centering degree further and judging centering degree whether in normal model
In enclosing.
Because two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center are ellipses, a positive round (die misalignment causes) and straight line can be regarded as
(vibration measuring band rolling degree causes) synthesizes, and close to straight line, two multiple-frequency vibration reasons are mainly vibration measuring band and shake elliptical shape now
Spend big, under such state, oval minor axis length b is exactly the diameter of the circular orbit of shaft center that die misalignment causes.Engineering should
With in, if two multiple-frequency vibrations >=10um is considered as bigger than normal, if therefore ellipse short shaft b >=10um, indicate that die misalignment, such as
Fruit b≤10um, then show the impact to vibration for the centering degree in allowed band.
C, when the comprehensive implementations of situation (3) occur, two kinds of faults will be processed, therefore also need to further
Calculate size and the centering degree of vibration measuring band rolling degree.
When whether the calculating of size of vibration measuring band rolling degree now and suitable judgment principle are occurred with above-mentioned situation (1)
Process identical；The calculating of centering degree and process when suitable judgment principle is occurred with above-mentioned situation (3) are identical.
Embodiment：
The method of the present invention passes through the application in industry spot, achieves obviously effect.Here, being existed with inventor
Application in certain domestic large rotating machinery manufacturer 80,000 space division unit commissioning process is case, illustrates answering of this patent
With process, air-compressor set model EIZ160-4 in the present embodiment.It should be noted that the purpose providing the present embodiment be for
The be embodied as situation of the present invention is explained in greater detail, scope of the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment.
Above-mentioned EIZ unit started test run in factory on January 4th, 2014, and multiple test run vibration is all higher, frequency content except
Outside power frequency, two frequencys multiplication obvious (see Fig. 5).For the Crack cause of this two frequency multiplication, scene is considered that die misalignment is made all the time
Become.Transfer two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center (Fig. 6), by apply this method it is concluded that：Free end two frequency multiplication is mainly due to vibration measuring
Band mechanical electric out-of-roundness causes；The reason shaft coupling end two frequency multiplication is comprehensive, and die misalignment and vibration measuring band rolling degree have.
Discriminating step is as follows：
1. data vibration measuring probe being collected carries out spectrum analyses, obtains two multiple-frequency vibration values of two passages of free end
It is 23um and 21um respectively, two multiple-frequency vibration values of two passages in shaft coupling end are 13um and 16um respectively, all >=10um.Illustrate two
Frequency multiplication is bigger than normal, and execution step is 2..
2. the two frequency multiplication Chart of axes tracks (Fig. 6) at blower fan two ends are transferred it can be seen that free end two frequency multiplication axle center is close to one
Bar straight line it can be determined that vibration shake mainly due to vibration measuring band and spend and cause greatly (this is inevitable because free end do not exist right
Middle problem).Shaft coupling end two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, between circle and straight line, illustrates that die misalignment and vibration measuring band rolling degree problem are all deposited
?.3., the calculating execution step of centering problem is 4. for the calculating execution step of vibration measuring band rolling degree size.
3. by transferring the waveform frequency spectrum of (generally within 200rpm) and orbit of shaft center (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) under the slow-speed of revolution, meter
Calculate the rolling angle value of two ends of rotor：
Free end：
Shaft coupling end：
It is computed, draws free end vibration measuring band rolling degree about 25um, (amesdial actual measurement is freely for shaft coupling end vibration measuring band rolling degree 29um
End 21um, shaft coupling end 38um, amesdial can only measure mechanical out-of-roundness it is impossible to measure electric out-of-roundness, therefore the rolling degree of actual measurement
Value is variant with the rolling angle value calculating to belong to normal), much larger than the permissible value of 5um.
4. the impact to vibration for the centering problem at shaft coupling end quantifies, two frequency multiplication axle center rails of working speed second line of a couplet axle head
The minor axis length about 7um of mark ellipse (Fig. 6), is not above 10um, therefore can determine whether that centering affects in tolerance interval.
Reached a conclusion by applying the differentiation of the method for the present invention：This EIZ160 blower fan causes the mainly former of two multiple-frequency vibrations
Because being vibration measuring band rolling degree problem, the impact of die misalignment is in tolerance interval.Thus, it is only required to will be according to shaking angle value, to vibration measuring
Band rolling degree problems of too carries out processing.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of rotating machinery two frequency multiplication fault detection method based on orbit of shaft center is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step 1, using two orthogonal probe detection rotating machinery vibrating data, if the vibration number of arbitrary probe detection
According in two frequency multiplication compositions >=10um, execution step 2；
Step 2, the two frequency multiplication Data Synthesis two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center in the vibration data that two probe detections are obtained, this track
Ovalize；Calculate the eccentricity of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center；The reason cause vibration is obtained according to eccentricity；
In described step 2, eccentricity obtains comprising the following steps that of the reason causing vibration：
If eccentricity≤0.5 of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center is it is believed that mainly cause vibration, execution step 3 by die misalignment；If
0.8≤eccentricity ＜ 1 causes greatly vibration it is believed that mainly shaking to spend by vibration measuring band, execution step 4；If 0.5 ＜ eccentricity ＜
0.8 it is believed that vibration is caused jointly by die misalignment and vibration measuring band rolling degree, execution step 3 and step 4 respectively；
Step 3, calculates the rolling degree of vibration measuring band and calculates the exceeded value of rolling degree；If vibration measuring band rolling degree meets ψ≤5um then it is assumed that surveying
The band rolling degree that shakes is normal；Otherwise vibration measuring band rolling degree is exceeded, and superscale is the difference of calibration tape rolling degree and 5um；
Step 4, calculate two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center short axle b, if the minor axis length b >=10um of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center it is believed that
Die misalignment, if b ＜ 10um is it is believed that the impact to vibration for the centering degree is in allowed band.
2. the rotating machinery two frequency multiplication fault detection method based on orbit of shaft center as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute
The step stating the rolling degree calculating vibration measuring band in step 3 is as follows：
Under jiggering state, calculate vibration measuring band rolling degree using following formula：
Wherein, x, y are the vibration data that under jiggering state, X, Y two probe place measuring point measures.
3. a kind of rotating machinery two frequency multiplication fault detection system based on orbit of shaft center is it is characterised in that include following two phases
The module connecting：
Vibration detection module, this module is the module for implementing function such as：Using two orthogonal probe detection rotations
Favourable turn tool vibration data, if two frequency multiplication compositions >=10um in the vibration data of arbitrary probe detection, enters；
Vibration cause detection module, this module is the module for implementing function such as：Described two probe detections are obtained
Two frequency multiplication Data Synthesis two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center in vibration data, this track ovalize；Calculate two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center
Eccentricity, obtains, according to eccentricity, the reason cause vibration；
In described vibration cause detection module, described following mould is included according to the realization that eccentricity obtains the reason cause vibration
Block：
Eccentricity judge module, is the module for implementing function such as：If eccentricity≤0.5 of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center,
Think and mainly vibration is caused by die misalignment, connect to vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module；If 0.8≤eccentricity ＜ 1 is it is believed that lead
To shake to spend by vibration measuring band and to cause vibration greatly, connect to centering detection module；If 0.5 ＜ eccentricity ＜ 0.8 it is believed that vibration by
Die misalignment and vibration measuring band rolling degree cause jointly, connect vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module and centering detection module respectively；
Described vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module, is the module for implementing function such as：Calculate the rolling degree of vibration measuring band and calculate rolling
Spend exceeded value；If vibration measuring band rolling degree meets ψ≤5um then it is assumed that vibration measuring band rolling degree is normal；Otherwise vibration measuring band rolling degree is exceeded, surpasses
Scalar is the difference of calibration tape rolling degree and 5um；
Described centering detection module, is the module for implementing function such as：Calculate short axle b of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center, if
Minor axis length b >=the 10um of two frequency multiplication orbit of shaft center it is believed that die misalignment, if b ＜ 10um is it is believed that centering degree is to vibration
Impact in allowed band.
4. the rotating machinery two frequency multiplication fault detection system based on orbit of shaft center as claimed in claim 3 is it is characterised in that institute
State in vibration measuring band rolling degree detection module, the rolling degree calculating vibration measuring band is as follows：
Under jiggering state, calculate vibration measuring band rolling degree using following formula：
Wherein, x, y are the vibration data that under jiggering state, X, Y two probe place measuring point measures.
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| CN104834936B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2017-11-10 | 杨露 | A kind of orbit of shaft center intelligent identification Method of feature based efficiency analysis |
| CN106017802A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Method for dynamically monitoring axis locus |
| CN107764557B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-04-12 | 西安陕鼓动力股份有限公司 | A kind of quick discrimination method of rotor-ellipse pad bearing atypia power frequency failure |
| CN118376398B (en) * | 2024-06-21 | 2024-08-27 | 安徽皖仪科技股份有限公司 | Abnormality detection method for ultrasonic knife bar |
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