CN104367975A - 一种止咳祛痰款冬花膏 - Google Patents
一种止咳祛痰款冬花膏 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104367975A CN104367975A CN201410570815.3A CN201410570815A CN104367975A CN 104367975 A CN104367975 A CN 104367975A CN 201410570815 A CN201410570815 A CN 201410570815A CN 104367975 A CN104367975 A CN 104367975A
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- flos farfarae
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种止咳祛痰款冬花膏,其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制成:款冬花6-7份、白芥子2-3份、苍耳子2-3份 、 桔梗2-3份、蜜苏子1-2份、茯苓1-2份、生姜3-4份、蜜麻黄3-4份、苍术2-3份、蛤蚧2-3份。本发明组方合理独到,用于治疗中医辩证属于虚寒型的咳嗽具有疗效迅速、安全无副作用等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种止咳祛痰款冬花膏。
背景技术
上呼吸道感染后引起的咳嗽是一种常见病,咳嗽又分为痰咳和干咳,痰咳的治疗目前西医多用抗生素结合化痰药、止咳药,如抗生素中的大环内酯类、头孢菌素类,化痰、止咳药如羧甲司坦、喷托维林、溴己新等。中成药复方甘草片、止咳枇杷露、密炼川贝枇杷膏等,然而,临床上治疗上呼吸道感染引起咳嗽的病人,效果还是不理想,特别是对于慢性咳嗽,虚咳、寒咳、百日咳,效果都不理想,如果单用中药、或单用普通抗生素治疗,则治疗时间长、效果不显著,久咳不愈影响了患者的日常工作和生活,如果重用或者联用抗生素,对于热咳则虽然效果快一些,但是副作用大,而且容易耐药,最后可能导致无抗生素可用的尴尬境地,许多人咳上几个星期、甚至一两个月也难以痊愈。而且,对于一部分患者来说,抗生素过敏、不良反应等又是影响临床用药选择的因素,还有一部分患者,本身有其他疾病,此时患者这种咳嗽,给这些患者选择药物又增加一道难题。中医认为,痰多咳嗽,分为寒咳和热咳,寒咳主要是痰色白,热咳主要特点是痰多或痰稠色黄;如果是寒咳有痰的咳嗽,西医用抗生素疗法,效果更差,而中成药亦不多见。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种止咳祛痰款冬花膏,用于中医辩证属于虚寒型的咳嗽具有疗效迅速、安全无副作用等优点。
本发明所采用原料的功效及药理研究:
款冬花:药理作用:祛痰、平喘作用,所含挥发油有刺激性祛痰作用,主要成分为柠檬烯。鲜品煎剂似有支气管扩张作用。可完全对抗组胺所引起的豚鼠离体支气管痉挛性收缩。对支气管哮喘有一定疗效。
白芥子:为十字花科植物白芥的种子。味辛,性温。入肺、胃经。功能:利气豁痰、温中散寒、通络止痛。
苍耳子:本品为菊科植物苍耳子的全草。其味辛、性温。其功效:袪痰止咳,通鼻窍,解毒消肿。临床应用:袪痰止咳,可以治疗百日咳、咳嗽痰多的病症。
桔梗:为桔梗科植物桔梗的根。味苦、辛,性平。入肺、胃经。功能:开宣肺气、祛痰、利咽、排脓。主治:外感咳嗽、咽喉肿痛、肺痈吐脓、胸满胁痛、痢疾腹痛。现代研究其药理作用有:
1. 祛痰作用 桔梗煎剂给麻醉犬口服1g/kg后,能使呼吸道黏液分泌量显著增加,作用强度与氯化铵相似。对麻醉猫亦有促进呼吸道黏液分泌的作用。其机制是由于桔梗中所含皂甙,能刺激胃黏膜,引起轻度恶心,反射性引起支气管腺体分泌增多,稀释痰液,而发挥祛痰作用;
2. 镇咳作用 用豚鼠气管刺激法,桔梗皂甙15mg/kg有镇咳作用。粗制桔梗皂甙给麻醉豚鼠腹腔注射,其半数镇咳有效量ED50为6.4mg/kg,提示其有较强的镇咳作用;
3. 抗炎作用 桔梗皂甙对急性及慢性炎症有较强的抗炎作用。桔梗皂甙口服1/10~1/5LD50剂量,对大鼠角叉菜胶性足肿胀、醋酸性足肿胀有抑制作用;口服小于1/10 LD50剂量,对大鼠棉球肉芽肿的形成也有显著抑制作用;对大鼠佐剂性关节炎亦有效。
苏子:为唇形科植物皱紫苏、尖紫苏等的果实。亦名紫苏子(《药性论》)等。味辛,性温。入肺、大肠经。功能:下气、消痰、润肺、宽肠。主治:咳逆、痰喘、气滞、便秘。
茯苓:为多孔菌科植物茯苓的干燥菌核。味甘、淡,性平。入心、脾、肺经。功能:渗湿利水、益脾和胃、宁心安神。主治:小便不利、水肿胀满、痰饮咳逆、恶心呕吐、泄泻、遗精、淋浊、惊悸、健忘。
生姜:为姜科植物姜Zingiber offioinale Rosc. 的鲜根茎。味辛,性温。入肺、胃 、脾经。功能:发表、散寒、止呕、开痰。主治:感冒风寒、呕吐、痰饮、喘满、胀满、泄泻;解半夏、天南星及鱼蟹、鸟兽肉毒。其主要成分:生姜含挥发油0.25%~3.0%。实验证明生姜油0.4ml/kg给大鼠灌胃,对蛋清性足肿有显著抑制作用,作用维持5小时,强度近似阿司匹林300mg/kg;0.25ml/kg给大鼠灌胃,可显著抑制棉球肉芽肿,并使胸腺萎缩,肾上腺重量增加,提示其抗炎作用可能与兴奋垂体-肾上腺皮质系统有关。生姜油0.25~0.4ml/kg灌胃,对二甲苯所致小鼠耳郭肿胀、组胺或醋酸所致毛细血管通透性增强有显著抑制作用。小鼠腹腔注射鲜姜注射液 5g/kg 或 10g/kg,有明显的镇痛作用。另外生姜还有抗病原微生物作用:生姜提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、伤寒杆菌、宋内痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌均有明显抑制作用,尤以金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强。生姜水浸剂在体外对伤寒杆菌及霍乱弧菌有强烈的杀菌作用。在试管内对毛癣菌有抑制作用。姜根茎中的姜醇和姜酚具有杀灭软体动物和杀灭血吸虫的作用。
麻黄:为麻黄科植物草麻黄或木贼麻黄和中麻黄的草质茎。味辛、微苦,性温。入肺、膀胱经。功能:发汗、平喘、利水。主治:伤寒表实,发热、恶寒、无汗、头痛、鼻塞、骨节疼痛,咳嗽气喘,风水浮肿、小便不利,风邪顽痹、皮肤不仁、风疹瘙痒。
苍术:菊科植物苍术的根茎。味苦、甘,性温。入脾、胃经。功能:补脾、益胃、燥湿、和中、止汗、安胎。主治:脾胃气弱、不思饮食、倦怠少气、虚胀、泄泻、痰饮、水肿、黄疸、湿痹、小便不利、头晕、自汗、胎气不安
蛤蚧:为壁虎科动物蛤蚧除去内脏的全体。亦名蛤蟹(《日华子本草》)、仙蟾(《本草纲目》)、大壁虎(《中药志》)等。味咸,性平。入肺、肾经。功能:补肺益肾、定喘止嗽。主治:虚劳、肺痿、喘嗽、咯血、消渴、阳痿。
本发明采用技术方案如下:
一种祛痰止咳款冬花膏,其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制成:款冬花6-7份、白芥子2-3份、苍耳子2-3份、桔梗2-3份、蜜苏子1-2份、茯苓1-2份、生姜3-4份、蜜麻黄3-4份,苍术2-3份,蛤蚧2-3份。
所述的祛痰止咳款冬花膏,优选的原料配比如下:款冬花6份、白芥子2份、苍耳子2份、桔梗2份、蜜苏子1份、茯苓1份、生姜3份、蜜麻黄3份,苍术2份,蛤蚧2份。
所述蜜苏子炮制方法:将苏子在70-90℃翻炒5-6 分钟,加入15-20% 炼蜜拌炒,至蜜汁吸尽。
所述蜜麻黄炮制方法:蜜麻黄取麻黄段,照中国药典2010年版蜜炙法(附录ⅡD)炒至不粘手,炼蜜用量20%。
所述的祛痰止咳款冬花膏制法如下:
将款冬花、生姜、苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、蜜麻黄、苍术按照处方量称量,净制后粗碎;将款冬花、生姜回流提取挥发油、药液过滤得清膏,苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、生姜、蜜麻黄、苍术加6倍水浸泡一小时,加热煎煮3小时,第二次加水4倍水煎煮2小时,合并提取液,滤过,并浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.22(60℃)的清膏;另取蛤蚧去头脚等净制后粉碎至120-140目,将上述各清膏与蛤蚧粉置于煎煮锅内混匀,加入炼蜜适量(不超过清膏量的三倍),不断搅拌煎煮浓缩至相对密度约1.40时加入款冬花、生姜挥发油,搅拌均匀收膏;然后分装,外包装即得。
本发明所述止咳祛痰款冬花膏,其制备方法的特点在于挥发油的提取和利用,使得药效成分最大程度的保留,所以要比一般汤剂效果要好;另外本发明所述的蛤蚧粉采用热加入法,具有消毒杀菌效果,加上煎膏剂本身含糖量高而具有抑菌作用,从而使得本发明不需要外加防腐抑菌剂,而且煎膏剂所含蜂蜜又有滋补润肺的作用,非常适合慢性咳嗽的人群。
本发明所述的止咳祛痰款冬花膏的处方,在中医辩证的基础之上组方,契合病机,辨证论治,以款冬花、苍耳子温宣肺气、化痰止咳,是为君;以白芥子、苏子降气化痰止咳平喘是为臣;桔梗性平,有润肺而止咳化痰之功效,以和君臣辛温之情;苍术、茯苓健脾益气、此所谓培土生金,也是为佐;蛤蚧补肾纳气而治气虚之咳喘,联合苍术、茯苓而佐治肺金之虚;生姜发表、散寒、止呕、开痰。蜜麻黄,发表兼止咳平喘,二者既能散肺之寒气而佐君臣之用,又能解表而驱表邪,使外感风寒不能侵肺,也可引药归肺之表而驱寒外出,是为使药,本膏方制成中成药煎膏剂之后,含有蜂蜜,中医学认为,蜂蜜具有润肺止咳之功效。而且,本方没有采用市场上多见治疗此类疾病的半夏、附子、南星等有毒药材。所以本膏方组方合理独到,用于治疗中医辩证属于虚寒型的咳嗽具有疗效迅速、安全无副作用等优点。
临床试验:
本发明是在中医理论的指导下进行组方,并经过长期的临床劳动实践获得的结果,2004年-2011期间,对120个病例进行临床观察,120例均为门诊病例,中医诊断为虚寒型痰咳。每天服用本发明两次,每次10-20克,疗程7日。
(1)治疗效果判定
痊愈:痰、咳症状消失,呼吸顺畅舒适;
有效:痰明显减少、咳的次数也明显减少,偶尔有轻度咳嗽,咽喉部位偶尔有异物感;
无效:痰、咳等症状无明显减轻。
(2)试验结果
治疗结果痊愈105例,有效14例,无明显效果1例,总有效率达到99.2%。
(3)结论:本发明用于治疗中医辩证属于虚寒咳嗽的患者有独到疗效。
(4)典型案例
患者,女性,41岁,农民,自述咳嗽有一月余,平时咳嗽,喉咙有异物感,是有痰吐出,晚上尤其明显,天气变化症状也加重,曾到诊所求医,服用中西药并输液,偶感觉有点效,但是过后又恢复咳嗽原状。经医院X射线检查排除肺部结核和其他病变,其脉沉弱,脸色青白,痰稀白,中医诊断为虚寒型咳嗽,给予实施例1的产品服用,一次15克,一日2次,连服3日,诸症大减,又服5日,诸症悉除而逾。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种祛痰止咳款冬花膏,其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制成:款冬花7份、白芥子3份、苍耳子3份、桔梗3份、蜜苏子2份、茯苓2份、生姜4份、蜜麻黄4份、苍术3份、蛤蚧3份;
其制备方法如下:
(1)、将款冬花、生姜、苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、蜜麻黄、苍术按照处方量称量,净制后粗碎;另取蛤蚧去头脚等净制后粉碎至120-140目;
(2)、将款冬花、生姜回流提取挥发油、药液过滤得清膏;
(3)、将苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、蜜麻黄、苍术加6倍水浸泡一小时,加热煎煮3小时,第二次加水4倍水煎煮2小时,合并提取液,滤过,并浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.22(60℃)的清膏;将上述各清膏与蛤蚧粉置于煎煮锅内混匀,加入炼蜜适量(不超过清膏量的三倍),不断搅拌煎煮浓缩至相对密度约1.40时加入款冬花、生姜挥发油,搅拌均匀收膏;
(4)、分装,外包装。
实施例2
一种祛痰止咳款冬花膏,其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制成:
款冬花6.5份、白芥子2.4份、苍耳子2.5份、桔梗2.5份、蜜苏子1.2份、茯苓1.2份、生姜3.2份、蜜麻黄3.5份,苍术2.5份,蛤蚧2.5份;
制备方法如下:
(1)、将款冬花、生姜、苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、蜜麻黄、苍术按照处方量称量,净制后粗碎;另取蛤蚧去头脚等净制后粉碎至120-140目;
(2)、将款冬花、生姜回流提取挥发油、药液过滤得清膏;
(3)、将苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、蜜麻黄、苍术加6倍水浸泡一小时,加热煎煮3小时,第二次加水4倍水煎煮2小时,合并提取液,滤过,并浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.22(60℃)的清膏;将上述各清膏与蛤蚧粉置于煎煮锅内混匀,加入炼蜜适量(不超过清膏量的三倍),不断搅拌煎煮浓缩至相对密度约1.40时加入款冬花、生姜挥发油,搅拌均匀收膏;
(4)、分装,外包装。
Claims (3)
1.一种止咳祛痰款冬花膏,其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制成:
款冬花6-7份、白芥子2-3份、苍耳子2-3份、桔梗2-3份、蜜苏子1-2份、茯苓1-2份、生姜3-4份、蜜麻黄3-4份,苍术2-3份,蛤蚧2-3份。
2.根据权利要求1的止咳祛痰款冬花膏,其特征在于由下述重量配比的原料制成:
款冬花6.5份、白芥子2.4份、苍耳子2.5份、桔梗2.5份、蜜苏子1.2份、茯苓1.2份、生姜3.2份、蜜麻黄3.5份,苍术2.5份,蛤蚧2.5份。
3.根据权利要求1、2所述的止咳祛痰款冬花膏,其特征在于通过下述步骤制备:
(1)将款冬花、生姜、苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、蜜麻黄、苍术按照处方量称量,净制后粗碎;另取蛤蚧去头脚等净制后粉碎至120-140目;
(2)将款冬花、生姜回流提取挥发油、药液过滤得清膏;
(3)将苍耳子、白芥子、桔梗、蜜苏子、茯苓、蜜麻黄、苍术加6倍水浸泡一小时,加热煎煮3小时,第二次加水4倍水煎煮2小时,合并提取液,滤过,并浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.22(60℃)的清膏;将上述各清膏与蛤蚧粉置于煎煮锅内混匀,加入炼蜜适量(不超过清膏量的三倍),不断搅拌煎煮浓缩至相对密度约1.40时加入款冬花、生姜挥发油,搅拌均匀收膏;
(4)分装,外包装。
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