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CN104365696A - Chinese herbal medicinal disinfectant for breeding industry - Google Patents

Chinese herbal medicinal disinfectant for breeding industry Download PDF

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CN104365696A
CN104365696A CN201410494176.7A CN201410494176A CN104365696A CN 104365696 A CN104365696 A CN 104365696A CN 201410494176 A CN201410494176 A CN 201410494176A CN 104365696 A CN104365696 A CN 104365696A
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extract
chinese herbal
garlic
disinfectant
herbal medicine
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陈灿
黄璜
郑华斌
王晓清
吴学伟
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明属于消毒剂领域,具体涉及养殖业用中草药消毒剂。该消毒剂主要成分为中草药提取液,所述中草药提取液由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:大蒜提取液25%-35%,鱼腥草提取液15%-25%,马齿苋提取液15%-20%,艾叶银杏青蒿提取液9%-15%,松树枝叶提取液10%-20%,且各种提取液的质量百分含量之和为100%。该消毒剂既达到防治真菌、细菌性病害的目的,又可对养殖动物(畜禽鱼类等)提高其抗病能力,防止疾病的传播;保证养殖动物正常生活秩序,不需转场,可直接在所养殖的场所(如池塘、农田、禽舍)及运输机械和器具上消毒使用;以杀灭养殖动物环境中和与之接触的物体上的病菌,有效率达85%以上。The invention belongs to the field of disinfectants, in particular to Chinese herbal medicine disinfectants for breeding industry. The main component of the disinfectant is Chinese herbal medicine extract, and the Chinese herbal medicine extract is composed of the following components in mass percentage: 25%-35% of garlic extract, 15%-25% of houttuynia cordata extract, purslane extract 15%-20% liquid, 9%-15% Artemisia annua leaf extract, 10%-20% pine leaf extract, and the sum of the mass percentages of various extracts is 100%. The disinfectant not only achieves the purpose of preventing and treating fungal and bacterial diseases, but also improves the disease resistance of farmed animals (livestock, poultry, fish, etc.) It can be directly used for disinfection on breeding places (such as ponds, farmland, poultry houses) and transportation machinery and equipment; to kill germs in the breeding animal environment and objects in contact with it, the effective rate is more than 85%.

Description

一种养殖业用中草药消毒剂A kind of Chinese herbal medicine disinfectant for aquaculture

技术领域technical field

本发明属于消毒剂领域,具体涉及养殖业(家庭养猪、养鸡,稻田养鱼、养鸭等)用中草药消毒剂。The invention belongs to the field of disinfectants, and in particular relates to a Chinese herbal medicine disinfectant for aquaculture (household pig raising, chicken raising, paddy field fish raising, duck raising, etc.).

背景技术Background technique

家禽、家畜、鱼类等养殖业是我国农业生产中主题之一。随着生活水平的提高,人们对肉类的消费也在逐渐增加,同时也对禽、鱼肉类品质越来越关注。为满足人们对肉类产品的需求,我国农业生产一般采用高密度、高强度的现代工厂化养殖,这也必然导致养殖产所、设施的周转紧张,空置周期短,因此,人们采用次氯酸、双氧水等化学药剂对养殖产所、设施、以及环境的消毒局限于养殖周期的开始和出栏,但上述药剂刺激性强、污染环境,养殖过程中无法对养殖产所、设施、以及环境进行有效的杀毒。Breeding of poultry, livestock, and fish is one of the themes in my country's agricultural production. With the improvement of living standards, people's consumption of meat is gradually increasing, and at the same time, they are paying more and more attention to the quality of poultry and fish. In order to meet people's demand for meat products, my country's agricultural production generally adopts high-density, high-intensity modern factory farming, which will inevitably lead to tight turnover of breeding facilities and facilities, and short vacancy periods. Therefore, people use hypochlorous acid The disinfection of breeding places, facilities, and environment by chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide is limited to the beginning and slaughter of the breeding cycle, but the above-mentioned chemicals are highly irritating and pollute the environment, and cannot be effective for breeding places, facilities, and the environment during the breeding process. antivirus.

为解决养殖过程中的防疫问题,养殖上通常采取喂养抗生素等药物提高养殖动物自身的抵抗力,然而,该措施却与人们对产品品质的要求背道而驰。虽然最新的臭氧技术突破了常规技术手段,对养殖产所、设施及其环境进行不间断的消毒,提高生产效率和保证肉蛋质量,但臭氧技术提高了养殖业的生产成本,难以全面推行。In order to solve the problem of epidemic prevention in the breeding process, antibiotics and other drugs are usually used to improve the resistance of the farmed animals. However, this measure runs counter to people's requirements for product quality. Although the latest ozone technology has broken through the conventional technical means to continuously disinfect the breeding farms, facilities and their environment, improve production efficiency and ensure the quality of meat and eggs, but the ozone technology has increased the production cost of the aquaculture industry and is difficult to fully implement.

另一条途径则利用我国丰富的中草药源植物,选取对病毒、真菌和细菌具有强烈的杀灭效果的中草药源植物复配成无公害、无残留、无刺激性气味的广谱类消毒剂。农业生产中已投入使用的植物源农药以杀虫剂为主,如有烟碱、除虫菊素、印楝素等,植物源消毒剂较少,如申请号:200910210511.5公开了一种纯中草药消毒剂及其制备方法,该消毒剂选取的原料药材及其重量组份分别是:苦楝花20份、藿香10份、苍术15份、艾叶15份、陈皮30份、苦参30份。其制备方法在于任选下述四种:1.水煎法、2.蒸馏法、3.回流法、4.浸渍法。所述的纯中草药消毒剂对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均具有一定的杀菌作用。Another way is to use the abundant Chinese herbal medicine source plants in our country, and select the Chinese herbal medicine source plants that have a strong killing effect on viruses, fungi and bacteria to compound them into a broad-spectrum disinfectant that is pollution-free, residue-free, and non-irritating. The botanical pesticides that have been put into use in agricultural production are mainly insecticides, such as nicotine, pyrethrins, azadirachtin, etc., and there are few botanical disinfectants. For example, the application number: 200910210511.5 discloses a pure Chinese herbal medicine disinfectant and the preparation method thereof, the selected raw materials and weight components of the disinfectant are: 20 parts of neem flower, 10 parts of Huoxiang, 15 parts of atractylodes atractylodes, 15 parts of mugwort leaves, 30 parts of tangerine peel, and 30 parts of sophora flavescens. Its preparation method is to choose the following four kinds: 1. Water decoction method, 2. Distillation method, 3. Reflux method, 4. Dipping method. The pure Chinese herbal medicine disinfectant has a certain bactericidal effect on Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的效果明显的中草药消毒剂。该消毒剂既达到防治真菌、细菌性病害的目的,又可对养殖动物(畜禽鱼类等)提高其抗病能力,防止疾病的传播;保证养殖动物正常生活次序不需转场,可直接在所养殖的场所(如池塘、农田、禽舍)及运输机械和器具上消毒使用;杀灭养殖动物环境中和与之接触的物体上的病菌,有效率达85%以上。Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel Chinese herbal medicine disinfectant with obvious effects. The disinfectant not only achieves the purpose of preventing and treating fungal and bacterial diseases, but also improves the disease resistance of farmed animals (livestock, poultry, fish, etc.) It is used for disinfection on breeding places (such as ponds, farmlands, poultry houses) and transportation machinery and appliances; it can kill germs in the environment of breeding animals and objects in contact with them, with an effective rate of more than 85%.

为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

一种养殖业用中草药消毒剂,主要成分为中草药提取液,所述中草药提取液占所述消毒剂的质量百分含量>95%,其中所述中草药提取液由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:A Chinese herbal medicine disinfectant for aquaculture, the main component is a Chinese herbal medicine extract, and the Chinese herbal medicine extract accounts for more than 95% of the mass percentage of the disinfectant, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract consists of the following components in mass percentage: composition:

大蒜提取液25%-35%,Garlic extract 25%-35%,

鱼腥草提取液15%-25%,Houttuynia cordata extract 15%-25%,

马齿苋提取液15%-20%,Purslane extract 15%-20%,

艾叶银杏青蒿提取液9%-15%,Artemisia annua extract 9%-15%,

松树枝叶提取液10%-20%,且各种提取液的质量百分含量之和为100%;10%-20% of the extract of pine branches and leaves, and the sum of the mass percentages of various extracts is 100%;

所述大蒜提取液是将大蒜籽打碎后挤压,得大蒜汁和大蒜渣;再将大蒜渣按照料水质量比为1:10~1:15的比例,在20℃-30℃的温度下提取3-5小时,过滤,得提取液;合并大蒜汁和提取液得大蒜提取液;The garlic extract is crushed and squeezed to obtain garlic juice and garlic dregs; then the garlic dregs are prepared at a temperature of 20°C-30°C according to the ratio of 1:10 to 1:15 of the mass ratio of feed to water. extracting at low temperature for 3-5 hours, filtering to obtain the extract; combining the garlic juice and the extract to obtain the garlic extract;

所述鱼腥草提取液是将鱼腥草打成匀浆后,以石油醚或者水为溶剂,按照料液质量比为1:15~1:25的比例,在50℃-60℃的温度下提取3-4小时后,过滤,收集滤液,得鱼腥草提取液;The extract of Houttuynia cordata is prepared by beating Houttuynia cordata into a homogenate, using petroleum ether or water as a solvent, according to the ratio of solid to liquid mass ratio of 1:15 to 1:25, at a temperature of 50°C-60°C After extracting for 3-4 hours, filter and collect the filtrate to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract;

所述马齿苋提取液是将马齿苋打成匀浆后,以乙醇为溶剂,按照料液质量比为1:10~1:15的比例,在20℃-30℃的温度下提取2-3小时,过滤,收集滤液,得马齿苋提取液;The purslane extract is obtained by making the purslane into a homogenate, using ethanol as a solvent, and extracting 20°C-30°C at a temperature of 20°C-30°C according to the ratio of solid to liquid mass ratio of 1:10 to 1:15. -3 hours, filter and collect the filtrate to obtain the purslane extract;

所述艾叶银杏青蒿提取液是将艾叶、银杏叶和青蒿混合后粉碎得混合物,加入相对于混合物5-10倍质量的乙醇,在50℃-60℃的温度下提取3-5小时后,过滤,收集滤液,得艾叶银杏青蒿提取液,所述混合物中艾叶、银杏叶和青蒿的质量比为1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2);The extract of Artemisia argyi and Ginkgo biloba is a mixture obtained by mixing Artemisia argyi, Ginkgo leaves and Artemisia annua, adding ethanol 5-10 times the mass of the mixture, and extracting at a temperature of 50°C-60°C for 3-5 hours , filter, and collect the filtrate to obtain Artemisia annua Folium Artemisiae Extract, the mass ratio of Folium Artemisiae Artemisiae, Ginkgo Leaf and Artemisia annua in the mixture is 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2);

所述松树枝叶提取液是将松树的枝叶粉碎后,加入相对于混合物5-10倍质量的乙醇,在50℃-60℃的温度下提取3-5小时后,过滤,收集滤液,得松树枝叶提取液。The pine branches and leaves extract is obtained by crushing the pine branches and leaves, adding ethanol 5-10 times the mass of the mixture, extracting at a temperature of 50°C-60°C for 3-5 hours, filtering, and collecting the filtrate to obtain pine branches and leaves extract.

所述消毒剂优选还包括占消毒剂的质量百分含量为3%-5%的食盐。Preferably, the disinfectant further includes 3%-5% of table salt by weight of the disinfectant.

所述中草药提取液优选由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:The Chinese herbal medicine extract is preferably composed of the following components in mass percentage:

大蒜提取液30%,Garlic Extract 30%,

鱼腥草提取液20%,Houttuynia cordata extract 20%,

马齿苋提取液20%,Purslane extract 20%,

艾叶银杏青蒿提取液15%,Artemisia annua extract 15%,

松树枝叶提取液15%。15% extract of pine branches and leaves.

所述混合物中艾叶、银杏叶和青蒿的质量比优选为1:1:1。The mass ratio of mugwort leaves, ginkgo leaves and Artemisia annua in the mixture is preferably 1:1:1.

所述乙醇为质量百分含量优选为50%-80%的乙醇。The ethanol is preferably ethanol with a mass percentage of 50%-80%.

下面对本发明做进一步解释和说明The present invention will be further explained and illustrated below

大蒜、鱼腥草、马齿苋、松针等中草药材提取的生物成分对真菌和细菌具有强烈的杀灭效果。如大蒜是一种天然的广谱抑菌剂,它是植物中抗菌作用最强的一种。构成大蒜的特殊风味蒜辣素具有卓越的杀菌抗菌、抗病毒等多种功效,且对多种病菌均有强烈抑制和杀灭作用;大蒜对植物土传病害、种传病害和气传病害都表现出一道的抑制作用,对兼性寄生和专性寄生病菌也有一道的抑制能力。大蒜中的大蒜素、阿霍烯和大蒜新素3种物质均具有抑菌作用。鱼腥草中的主要活性成分挥发油和黄酮类化合物为有效的杀真菌、细菌成份。马齿苋具有“天然抗生素”之称,亦含有较高的黄酮类化合物等。其主要作用之一是抑菌或杀菌,其植株的提取液对真菌、各种杆菌和球菌以及病毒等微生物有明显的抑制作用,对真菌和细菌均有强烈的灭杀作用;同样,艾叶、银杏叶和青蒿中的黄酮类、萜类生物活性物质对真菌、细菌等病原微生物具有很好的灭杀作用。这几种中草药源的提取液对相同或各种不同的病原菌均有强烈的抑制效果;此外,松叶含有挥发油类、黄酮类;现代技术表明松叶黄酮类等提取物能提高动物免疫力,松树枝叶中含有松节油和单宁类等经浸泡后,扩散与水中并挥发出一种特殊气味,对真菌和细菌具有很强的抑制作用;单宁类中有一种叫凝缩类单宁与和甲醛乙醇胺反应生成一种仲胺,它是一种两性化合物,易溶于水,能使泥土悬浮物絮凝,称为絮凝丹,对澄清池塘、农田水质可起到良好的作用。这几种植物提取液配制成的消毒剂对靶标具有广谱性,通过合理配伍可提高药剂对饲养动物的病菌防治效果。The biological components extracted from Chinese herbal medicines such as garlic, houttuynia cordata, purslane, pine needles, etc. have a strong killing effect on fungi and bacteria. For example, garlic is a natural broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, which is the strongest antibacterial effect in plants. The special flavor allicin that constitutes garlic has excellent bactericidal, antibacterial, antiviral and other effects, and has a strong inhibitory and killing effect on a variety of pathogens; garlic is effective against plant soil-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases and air-borne diseases. It has an inhibitory effect, and it also has an inhibitory ability to facultative parasites and obligate parasites. Allicin, ajoene and allicin in garlic have antibacterial effect. The main active ingredients volatile oil and flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata are effective fungicides and bacteria-killing ingredients. Purslane is known as "natural antibiotic" and also contains high flavonoids. One of its main functions is antibacterial or bactericidal. The extract of its plants has obvious inhibitory effects on microorganisms such as fungi, various bacilli, cocci and viruses, and has a strong killing effect on fungi and bacteria; The flavonoids and terpenoids bioactive substances in Ginkgo biloba and Artemisia annua have good killing effect on pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The extracts of these several Chinese herbal medicine sources have strong inhibitory effects on the same or various pathogenic bacteria; in addition, pine leaves contain volatile oils and flavonoids; modern technology shows that extracts such as pine leaf flavonoids can improve animal immunity, The pine branches and leaves contain turpentine and tannins, etc. After being soaked, they diffuse into the water and volatilize a special smell, which has a strong inhibitory effect on fungi and bacteria; one of the tannins is called condensed tannins and and Formaldehyde ethanolamine reacts to produce a secondary amine, which is an amphoteric compound that is easily soluble in water and can flocculate suspended matter in the soil. It is called flocculation pill, which can play a good role in clarifying pond and farmland water quality. The disinfectants prepared from these plant extracts have a broad spectrum of targets, and the reasonable compatibility can improve the effect of the agents on the prevention and control of germs in animals.

与现有技术相比,本发明的优势在于:Compared with prior art, the advantage of the present invention is:

1、本发明的新型生物消毒剂采用简易制备法,省工省时,方法简便,易于掌握,且制剂不添加任何化学合成成分,有广谱、安全、对环境基本无污染等特点,从总体上避免了由传统农药带来的环境污染问题;生物源消毒剂不会产生抗药性,也不影响禽畜、鱼类生长,更安全有效地保护环境。1. The novel biological disinfectant of the present invention adopts a simple preparation method, which saves labor and time, and the method is simple and easy to master, and the preparation does not add any chemically synthesized components, and has the characteristics of broad spectrum, safety, and basically no pollution to the environment. On the whole, it avoids the environmental pollution caused by traditional pesticides; biological source disinfectants will not produce drug resistance, and will not affect the growth of poultry, livestock and fish, and protect the environment more safely and effectively.

2、该消毒剂既达到防治真菌、细菌性病害的目的,又可对养殖动物(畜禽鱼类等)提高其抗病能力,防止疾病的传播;保证养殖动物正常生活次序不需转场,可直接在所养殖的场所(如池塘、农田、禽舍)及运输机械和器具上消毒使用;以杀灭养殖动物环境中和与之接触的物体上的病菌,有效率达85%以上。2. The disinfectant not only achieves the purpose of preventing and controlling fungal and bacterial diseases, but also improves the disease resistance of farmed animals (livestock, poultry, fish, etc.) and prevents the spread of diseases; it ensures the normal life order of farmed animals without changing farms, It can be directly used for disinfection on breeding places (such as ponds, farmlands, poultry houses) and transport machinery and appliances; to kill germs in the breeding animal environment and objects in contact with it, the effective rate is over 85%.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention will be further described.

所述大蒜提取液的制备:The preparation of described garlic extract:

(1)原料预处理:将新鲜大蒜籽除杂去皮后,用清水洗净;(2)制浆:将(1)中得到的干净大蒜籽在绞碎器内高速纹碎2min,打成匀浆;挤出大蒜汁,过滤2次,滤液用洁净容器装好备用;(3)滤渣按料水重量比1:12,加入蒸馏水,室温下(25℃~30℃)浸提3~5小时;(4)过滤:将(3)中得到的浸提液进行过滤,滤液备用;(5)滤液混合:将(2)中得到的初滤液与(4)中得到的浸提后的滤液混合;(6)贮藏备用:将(5)中得到的混合滤液盛于干净的器皿中密封避光于低温中保存。(1) Raw material pretreatment: After removing impurities and peeling the fresh garlic seeds, wash them with clear water; (2) Slurry: crush the clean garlic seeds obtained in (1) at high speed in a grinder for 2 minutes, and beat them into Homogenize; squeeze out the garlic juice, filter twice, and put the filtrate in a clean container for later use; (3) add distilled water to the filter residue at a weight ratio of 1:12 to water, and extract at room temperature (25°C-30°C) for 3-5 hour; (4) filter: the extract obtained in (3) is filtered, and the filtrate is for subsequent use; (5) filtrate is mixed: the filtrate after the leaching obtained in (2) and the filtrate obtained in (4) Mix; (6) store for future use: put the mixed filtrate obtained in (5) into a clean container, seal and avoid light, and store at low temperature.

所述鱼腥草提取液的制备:The preparation of described Houttuynia cordata extract:

(1)原料的取样:所述的鱼腥草提取液是以新鲜的全部植株(含地上部、地下部)为材料,用水清洗干净去杂并凉干;(2)制浆:将(1)中得到的鱼腥草植株用干净剪刀剪成小段,再打成匀浆;(3)以石油醚为浸提溶剂,鱼腥草浆料提取工艺条件为料液比1∶25(g/mL)、提取温度约50℃、提取时间约4h;(或者以蒸馏水为浸提溶剂,鱼腥草浆料提取工艺条件为料液比1∶15(g/mL)、提取温度约60℃、提取时间约4h);(4)过滤:将(3)中得到的提取液,进行过滤;(5)贮藏备用:将(4)中得到的滤液盛于干净的器皿中于常温(室温)中密封保存即可。因为鱼腥草提取物具有热稳定性,环境中温湿度的变化对其抑菌能力没有影响,可常温下保存。(1) Sampling of raw materials: the Houttuynia cordata extract is made of fresh whole plants (including shoots and underground parts), cleaned with water to remove impurities and dried; (2) pulping: (1 ) obtained in Houttuynia cordata plants were cut into small sections with clean scissors, and then homogenized; (3) Petroleum ether was used as the extraction solvent, and the Houttuynia cordata slurry extraction process condition was a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/ mL), the extraction temperature is about 50°C, and the extraction time is about 4 hours; (or distilled water is used as the extraction solvent, the extraction process conditions of Houttuynia cordata slurry are solid-liquid ratio 1:15 (g/mL), the extraction temperature is about 60°C, The extraction time is about 4 hours); (4) Filtration: filter the extract obtained in (3); (5) Store for later use: put the filtrate obtained in (4) in a clean container at normal temperature (room temperature) Keep it sealed. Because Houttuynia cordata extract is thermally stable, changes in temperature and humidity in the environment have no effect on its antibacterial ability, and can be stored at room temperature.

所述马齿苋提取液的制备:The preparation of described purslane extract:

(1)原料预处理:将所取的马齿苋新鲜植株除杂并冲洗干净,晾干;(2)制浆:将(1)中得到的马齿苋鲜样打成匀浆;(3)将(2)中得到的匀浆,按1:10体积比加入70%乙醇试剂反复搅匀或摇匀,静置约2~3小时;即用70%乙醇进行浸泡提取杀菌活性物质黄酮类化合物,得乙醇提取液。(4)过滤:将(3)中得到的提取液静置澄清后;进行过滤,得滤液;(5)贮藏备用:将(4)中得到的滤液盛于干净的器皿中避光于低温中保存。(1) raw material pretreatment: remove impurities from the fresh plant of purslane and rinse, and dry; (2) pulping: beat the fresh sample of purslane obtained in (1) into a homogenate; (3 ) Add 70% ethanol reagent to the homogenate obtained in (2) according to the volume ratio of 1:10, stir or shake up repeatedly, and let it stand for about 2 to 3 hours; that is, use 70% ethanol to soak and extract the bactericidal active substance flavonoids compound to obtain an ethanol extract. (4) Filtration: After the extract obtained in (3) is left to clarify; Filter to obtain the filtrate; (5) Store for later use: Put the filtrate obtained in (4) in a clean vessel and keep it away from light in a low temperature save.

所述艾叶、银杏叶、青蒿提取液的制备:The preparation of described Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Folium Ginkgo, Artemisia annua Extract:

(1)原料预处理:将所取的艾叶地上部分新鲜的茎叶、青蒿新鲜植株,银杏新鲜叶片除杂冲洗净,稍晾干后备用;(2)制浆:将(1)中得到的3种中药源材料用干净剪刀剪碎,按重量比1:1:1混合3种中药碎样,然后用制浆机粉碎得混合浆料;最后加入该混合浆料约5倍重量的浓度为75%乙醇,充分摇匀,进行浸提;在约50℃的温度下,浸提时间3~5小时;(3)过滤:将(2)中得到的浆液进行过滤(采用多层纱布),得滤液;(4)贮藏备用:将(3)中得到的滤液盛于干净的器皿中避光于低温中保存。(1) Raw material pretreatment: the fresh stems and leaves of the above-ground part of Artemisia argyi, the fresh plants of Artemisia annua, the fresh leaves of Ginkgo biloba are removed and rinsed, and then dried for later use; The obtained 3 kinds of Chinese medicine source materials are cut into pieces with clean scissors, mixed with 3 kinds of broken Chinese medicine samples in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and then pulverized with a pulper to obtain a mixed slurry; finally add about 5 times the weight of the mixed slurry Concentration is 75% ethanol, shake well, carry out leaching; Under the temperature of about 50 ℃, leaching time is 3~5 hours; (3) Filtration: the slurry obtained in (2) is filtered (using multi-layer gauze ), to obtain the filtrate; (4) storage for subsequent use: the filtrate obtained in (3) is filled in a clean vessel and stored in a low temperature in the dark.

所述松树枝叶提取液的制备:The preparation of described pine branches and leaves extract:

(1)原料预处理:将所取的松树新鲜的茎叶(主要为松针、表皮),清冲洗净,稍晾干后备用;(2)捣碎:将(1)中得到的枝叶材料用干净剪刀剪碎,或洁净的菜刀剁碎,得到的松枝叶药碎样,然后用制浆机粉碎得混合浆料;最后加入该混合浆料约5倍重量的浓度为75%乙醇,充分摇匀,进行浸提;在约50℃的温度下,浸提时间3~5小时;(3)过滤:将(2)中得到的浆液进行过滤(采用多层纱布),得滤液;(4)贮藏备用:将(3)中得到的滤液盛于干净的器皿中避光于低温中保存。(1) raw material pretreatment: the fresh stems and leaves (mainly pine needles and epidermis) of the pine tree that are taken are cleaned and rinsed, and then dried for subsequent use; (2) crushed: the branches and leaves material obtained in (1) Shred with clean scissors, or chop with a clean kitchen knife, the pine branches and leaves medicine broken sample obtained, then pulverize with a pulper to obtain a mixed slurry; finally add the mixed slurry with a concentration of about 5 times the weight of 75% ethanol, fully Shake well and extract; at a temperature of about 50° C., the extraction time is 3 to 5 hours; (3) filter: filter the slurry obtained in (2) (using multi-layer gauze) to obtain the filtrate; (4 ) storage for future use: the filtrate obtained in (3) is stored in a clean vessel away from light and stored at low temperature.

生物制剂的混合复配:将上述已提取的各中药源提取液,按一定的比例进行混合。即各提取液以体积比,按大蒜:鱼腥草:马齿苋:艾叶银杏青蒿:松枝叶为:3:2:2:1.5:1.5,将4种提取液混合摇匀,成初配液。低温下避光储存备用。Mixing and compounding of biological preparations: the extracts of the above-mentioned extracted Chinese medicine sources are mixed according to a certain ratio. That is to say, the volume ratio of each extract is 3:2:2:1.5:1.5 according to garlic: Houttuynia cordata: purslane: mugwort leaf ginkgo annua: pine branches and leaves, mix and shake the 4 kinds of extracts well to form the initial preparation liquid. Store at low temperature away from light.

更进一步,上述几种已提取准备好的各植物浸提液,随配随用。不使用时,一般不进行混合;应单独储存。Furthermore, the various plant extracts that have been extracted and prepared above are ready for use as they are prepared. When not in use, generally not mixed; should be stored separately.

食盐的准备:以普通家用食盐为主。Salt preparation: mainly ordinary household salt.

再用以上配制好的中药源混合液,再加入约3~5%食盐,充分搅拌和匀成初始消毒剂原液。Then use the above-prepared traditional Chinese medicine source mixed solution, add about 3 to 5% salt, fully stir and evenly form the original disinfectant stock solution.

使用时,将消毒剂原液用30℃~50℃的温水按50倍稀释,搅拌均匀后,即可喷施。When in use, dilute the stock solution of the disinfectant by 50 times with warm water at 30°C to 50°C, stir it evenly, and then spray it.

进一步,该中药消毒剂,宜当天配制混合,当天兑水喷施。如不立即使用,应将初次提取的原液(大蒜提取液、鱼腥草提取液、马齿苋、松树提取液等)放入5℃以下的冰箱中低温密封避光保存。使用时再临时混合稀释,然后施用。Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant should be prepared and mixed on the same day, and sprayed with water on the same day. If not used immediately, the original solution extracted for the first time (garlic extract, Houttuynia cordata extract, purslane, pine extract, etc.) should be stored in a refrigerator below 5°C, sealed and protected from light at low temperature. Mix and dilute temporarily before use.

进一步,一般情况下防治病害的使用浓度愈高稀释倍数愈少,效果愈好;且在禽雏期、鱼苗期或流行性病毒始发期喷药效果最佳。因为不同的稀释倍数会影响到制剂中活性物质的相对数量。稀释倍数过低,消耗制剂多成本增加;稀释倍数过高,活性物质相对含量较少,影响施药效果。因此原液与水的比宜选在1∶50范围内。Further, in general, the higher the concentration used for disease prevention and treatment, the smaller the dilution factor, and the better the effect; and the spraying effect is the best at the poultry chick stage, fish fry stage or the initial stage of epidemic virus. Because different dilution factors will affect the relative quantity of the active substance in the preparation. If the dilution factor is too low, the consumption of preparations will increase and the cost will increase; if the dilution factor is too high, the relative content of active substances will be less, which will affect the application effect. Therefore, the ratio of stock solution to water should be selected within the range of 1:50.

本发明以具有杀菌活性的大蒜、鱼腥草、马齿苋等中药材及松枝叶的有效提取液为基本原料,加入少量食盐,各种成分按照一定的比例混合而成产品。充分搅拌和匀,制成生态型产品消毒剂。该中药源生态型消毒剂能够较长时间发挥功能,并发挥出最大药效。The invention uses garlic, houttuynia cordata, purslane and other Chinese medicinal materials with bactericidal activity as basic raw materials and effective extracts of pine branches and leaves, adds a small amount of salt, and mixes various components according to a certain ratio to form a product. Stir fully and evenly to make an ecological product disinfectant. The traditional Chinese medicine source ecological type disinfectant can function for a long time and exert the maximum efficacy.

进一步,该中药源拌种消毒剂,混合配制好后应立即使用。如不使用,应将各中药材的原材料的提取液(如大蒜粉提取液、鱼腥草粉碎样提取液、马齿苋粉碎样提取液、松针叶碎样提取液等)分别放入1~5℃的冰箱中低温避光保存。使用时再临时混合配制,然后拌种使用。Further, the traditional Chinese medicine source seed dressing disinfectant should be used immediately after being mixed and prepared. If not in use, the extracts of the raw materials of each Chinese herbal medicine (such as garlic powder extract, houttuynia pulverized sample extract, purslane crushed sample extract, pine needle leaf crushed sample extract, etc.) Store in a refrigerator at 5°C and avoid light. When used, it is temporarily mixed and prepared, and then used as a seed dressing.

实施例1:Example 1:

(1)将上述已提取的各中药源提取液,按一定的比例进行混合。即各提取液以体积比,按大蒜:鱼腥草:马齿苋:艾叶银杏青蒿:松枝叶为:2.5:2.5:2.0:1.5:1.5,将各提取液混合摇匀,得消毒液。(2)该产品在使用时,取该产品500毫升,加入约35升的洁净水,搅拌均匀后,喷雾使用。(1) Mix the extracts of the above-mentioned extracted Chinese medicine sources according to a certain ratio. That is, the volume ratio of each extract is 2.5:2.5:2.0:1.5:1.5 according to garlic: Houttuynia cordata: purslane: mugwort ginkgo annua: pine branches and leaves, mix and shake the extracts evenly to obtain a disinfectant. (2) When using this product, take 500 ml of this product, add about 35 liters of clean water, stir well, and then spray it for use.

实施例2:Example 2:

(1)将已提取的各中药源提取液,按体积比,即大蒜:鱼腥草:马齿苋:艾叶银杏青蒿:松枝叶为:3.0:2.5:2.0:1.5:1.0,将各提取液混合摇匀,成初配液。然后再加入约已过筛的重量为初配液总重量的5%食盐,充分搅拌和匀即成初始消毒剂原液。(2)该产品在使用时,取该产品400毫升,加入约35升的洁净水,搅拌均匀后,喷雾使用。(1) With the extracts of each extracted Chinese medicine source, according to the volume ratio, that is, garlic: Houttuynia cordata: purslane: mugwort ginkgo annua: pine branches and leaves: 3.0:2.5:2.0:1.5:1.0, each extract Mix the solution and shake well to form the initial solution. Then add about the weight that has sieved and be the 5% salt of the total weight of the initial dosing solution, fully stir and homogenize and serve as initial disinfectant stoste. (2) When using this product, take 400 ml of this product, add about 35 liters of clean water, stir well, and spray it for use.

实施例3:Embodiment 3:

将已提取的各中药源提取液,按体积比,即大蒜:鱼腥草:马齿苋:艾叶银杏青蒿:松枝叶为:3.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:2.0,将各提取液混合摇匀,成初配液,直接用于池塘、禽舍或农田消毒,可全池(场、田)泼洒,每隔2天一次,连泼2~3次。在已混合好植物的初配液中加入其重量约5%的食盐,再按50~80倍浓度稀释后,对养殖场所进行泼施。With the extracts of each extracted Chinese medicine source, according to the volume ratio, that is, garlic: Houttuynia cordata: purslane: mugwort ginkgo annua: pine branches and leaves: 3.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:2.0, mix the extracts and shake Evenly, make up the liquid at the beginning, and directly use it for disinfection in ponds, poultry houses or farmland. It can be splashed in the whole pond (field, field), once every 2 days, and continuously splashed 2 to 3 times. Add salt of about 5% by weight to the initial preparation solution of the mixed plants, and then dilute it by 50 to 80 times of concentration, and then pour it on the breeding place.

实施例4:Example 4:

以下通过试验结果说明上述中药源杀菌药剂的防治效果及相关育雏(或稻田养鱼)效果产量对比。The control effects of the above-mentioned fungicides derived from traditional Chinese medicines and the comparison of related brooding (or fish farming in rice fields) effects and yields are explained below through the test results.

表1.现代工厂化养殖的鸡舍空气喷施试验结果Table 1. Results of air spraying test in chicken coops in modern factory farming

表2.稻田养鸭鸭舍垫料或内壁的消毒试验结果Table 2. Disinfection test results of litter or inner wall of duck house in paddy field

本发明的植物源制剂是一种以天然中药材植物为原料的无公害生态型消毒剂,该复配型农药含有大蒜辣素、挥发油、黄酮、生物碱等多种有效化学成分。田间试验结果表明,该新型消毒剂对家禽(鸭鸡)、淡水鱼类(草鱼、鲤鱼、鲢鱼)、疾病的传播有良好的作用,其防效均达85%以上。The botanical preparation of the present invention is a pollution-free ecological disinfectant using natural Chinese medicinal plants as raw materials. The compound pesticide contains allicin, volatile oil, flavonoids, alkaloids and other effective chemical components. Field test results show that the novel disinfectant has a good effect on the spread of poultry (duck chicken), freshwater fish (grass carp, carp, silver carp) and diseases, and its control effect is more than 85%.

表1~3可见,实施例1~4对防治家禽、鱼类养殖场所污染、等多种作物病害均有一定的效果,其中对防治鱼病等效果最佳,对禽畜养殖场所的杀菌也具有较好的防治效果;对其它病害也具有一定的防治效果。研究结果表明,由大蒜、鱼腥草、马齿苋、艾叶、银杏、青蒿、松针等植物提取液及食盐晶体配伍组成的中药复配型消毒剂用于动物生产病害效果明显,证明该中药消毒剂中各单味药之间表现为协同作用。As can be seen from Tables 1 to 3, Embodiments 1 to 4 have certain effects on the prevention and treatment of poultry, fish breeding site pollution, and other crop diseases. It has a good control effect; it also has a certain control effect on other diseases. The research results show that the traditional Chinese medicine compound disinfectant composed of garlic, houttuynia cordata, purslane, mugwort leaves, ginkgo, artemisia annua, pine needles and other plant extracts and salt crystals has obvious effects on animal production diseases, proving that the traditional Chinese medicine The single herbal medicines in the disinfectant showed a synergistic effect.

研究结果表明,与对照(常规饲养)相比,由大蒜、鱼腥草、马齿苋、艾叶、银杏、青蒿、松针各植物有效成分的提取液及食盐配伍组成的中药复配型消毒剂对提高养殖动物(家禽、鱼类)产量亦有一定的效果,证明该中药源消毒剂对所养殖的动物具有一定生长调节活性作用。The results of the study showed that compared with the control (conventional feeding), the traditional Chinese medicine compound disinfectant composed of extracts of active ingredients of garlic, Houttuynia cordata, purslane, mugwort leaves, ginkgo, artemisia annua, pine needles and salt compatibility It also has a certain effect on increasing the output of farmed animals (poultry, fish), which proves that the traditional Chinese medicine source disinfectant has a certain growth regulating activity on the farmed animals.

以上结果说明:采用复方中草药制剂,一种中草药中含有很多化学成分,一个由多种中草药提取液混合组成的复方试剂可相互反应产生新的物质;因此利用中草药的配伍具有增效作用。在植物源制剂中加入少量食盐具有极高的疗效,使植物消毒剂能够发挥出最大药效。它克服了单一制剂药效不高,疗效缓慢的特点;复方剂型杀菌效果较单一剂型明显增强。该中药消毒剂随用药量的增加而增效;动物吸收速度快,施药3天后已能抑制病菌的生长,10天后能杀死绝大多数病菌;具有强的预防保护作用,防止养殖环境污染源的扩散,并对真菌细菌性病毒有较好的杀灭作用。证明复方制剂中各单味药之间表现有协同作用。由于该药剂为液体制剂,所以喷施使用后,其渗透作用强,便于饲养动物的吸收;并能有效调节作物的生长,效果好。The above results show that: using compound Chinese herbal medicine preparations, one Chinese herbal medicine contains many chemical components, and a compound reagent composed of a mixture of various Chinese herbal medicine extracts can react with each other to produce new substances; therefore, the compatibility of Chinese herbal medicines has a synergistic effect. Adding a small amount of salt to the plant source preparation has a very high curative effect, so that the plant disinfectant can exert its maximum efficacy. It overcomes the characteristics of low drug efficacy and slow curative effect of a single preparation; the bactericidal effect of the compound preparation is significantly stronger than that of a single preparation. The traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant increases its efficiency with the increase of the dosage; the absorption speed of animals is fast, and the growth of germs can be inhibited after 3 days of application, and most of the germs can be killed after 10 days; it has a strong preventive and protective effect and prevents the source of pollution in the breeding environment Diffusion, and has a better killing effect on fungal bacterial viruses. It is proved that there is a synergistic effect among the single herbs in the compound preparation. Since the agent is a liquid preparation, after spraying, it has a strong penetrating effect, which is convenient for animals to absorb; it can effectively regulate the growth of crops, and the effect is good.

综上所述,由大蒜籽、鱼腥草、马齿苋、艾叶、青蒿、银杏叶各中草药及松针植物浸提液等与食盐复配组成的新型生态制剂对抑制多种致病菌效果明显,可以产生增效的作用;同时还具有增产的作用。该中药材提取液复方制剂中的各单味药之间表现为协同作用,具有广谱效应,同时对提高作物产量有一定的效果。说明,这些中药材所含的化学成分十分复杂,植物是生物活性化合物的天然宝库,其中的大多数化学物质如萜烯类、生物碱、类黄酮、甾体、酚类、独特的氨基酸和多糖等均具有抗菌活性。可能是该复配型植物源消毒剂具有广谱的抗菌作用、并具有提高动物机体免疫功能等功效。In summary, the new ecological preparations composed of garlic seeds, houttuynia cordata, purslane, mugwort leaves, annua, ginkgo leaves, various Chinese herbal medicines and pine needle plant extracts, etc. and salt have the effect on inhibiting various pathogenic bacteria Obviously, it can produce synergistic effect; meanwhile, it also has the effect of increasing production. The single medicines in the compound preparation of Chinese medicinal material extract exhibit synergistic effect, have a broad-spectrum effect, and have a certain effect on increasing crop yield at the same time. It shows that the chemical composition contained in these Chinese medicinal materials is very complex. Plants are the natural treasure house of biologically active compounds, most of which are terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, unique amino acids and polysaccharides. All have antibacterial activity. It may be that the compound plant-derived disinfectant has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect and has the effects of improving the immune function of animals.

中草药复配制剂抗菌机制非常复杂,其有效成分可能是单一的,也可能是多种。该试验结果说明,可能是因为不同的提取方法以及各植物提取物不同成分的相互影响,对中草药抗菌活性成分有一定的影响,从而影响实验结果。The antibacterial mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine compound preparations is very complex, and its active ingredients may be single or multiple. The test results indicated that it may be due to the different extraction methods and the interaction of different components of the plant extracts, which have a certain impact on the antibacterial active components of Chinese herbal medicines, thus affecting the experimental results.

Claims (5)

1. an aquaculture Chinese herbal disinfectant, it is characterized in that, main component is extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, and described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine accounts for the mass percentage > 95% of described disinfectant, and wherein said extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is made up of the component of following mass percentage:
Garlic extract 25%-35%,
Herba Houttuyniae extract 15%-25%,
Purslane extract 15%-20%,
Tarragon ginkgo sweet wormwood extract 9%-15%,
Pine branch leaf extract 10%-20%, and the mass percentage sum of various extract is 100%;
Described garlic extract is that Garlic Seeds is smashed rear extruding, obtains garlic juice and garlic residue; Again by the ratio that garlic residue is 1:10 ~ 1:15 according to material water quality ratio, at the temperature of 20 DEG C-30 DEG C, extract 3-5 hour, filter, obtain extract; Merging garlic juice and extract obtain garlic extract;
Described Herba Houttuyniae extract is after cordate houttuynia is broken into homogenate, with benzinum or water for solvent, is the ratio of 1:15 ~ 1:25 according to feed liquid mass ratio, after extracting 3-4 hour, filters, collect filtrate, obtain Herba Houttuyniae extract at the temperature of 50 DEG C-60 DEG C;
Described Purslane extract is after kitchen garden is broken into homogenate, take ethanol as solvent, is the ratio of 1:10 ~ 1:15 according to feed liquid mass ratio, at the temperature of 20 DEG C-30 DEG C, extract 2-3 hour, filters, and collects filtrate, obtains Purslane extract;
Described tarragon ginkgo sweet wormwood extract pulverizes to obtain mixture by after tarragon, ginkgo leaf and sweet wormwood mixing, add the ethanol relative to mixture 5-10 times quality, extract 3-5 hour at the temperature of 50 DEG C-60 DEG C after, filter, collect filtrate, tarragon ginkgo sweet wormwood extract, the mass ratio of tarragon in described mixture, ginkgo leaf and sweet wormwood is 1:(0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2);
Described pine branch leaf extract, after being pulverized by the branches and leaves of pine tree, adds the ethanol relative to mixture 5-10 times quality, after extracting 3-5 hour, filters, collect filtrate, obtain pine branch leaf extract at the temperature of 50 DEG C-60 DEG C.
2. aquaculture Chinese herbal disinfectant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprising the mass percentage accounting for disinfectant is the salt of 3%-5%.
3. aquaculture Chinese herbal disinfectant according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is made up of the component of following mass percentage:
Garlic extract 30%,
Herba Houttuyniae extract 20%,
Purslane extract 20%,
Tarragon ginkgo sweet wormwood extract 15%,
Pine branch leaf extract 15%.
4. aquaculture Chinese herbal disinfectant according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of tarragon in described mixture, ginkgo leaf and sweet wormwood is 1:1:1.
5. aquaculture Chinese herbal disinfectant according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the ethanol of described ethanol to be mass percentage be 50%-80%.
CN201410494176.7A 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Chinese herbal medicinal disinfectant for breeding industry Pending CN104365696A (en)

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