CN104318899B - 像素单元驱动电路和方法、像素单元和显示装置 - Google Patents
像素单元驱动电路和方法、像素单元和显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种像素单元驱动电路,包括:驱动单元;充电单元;存储单元,用于在像素驱动电路的充电阶段充电,并在像素驱动电路的驱动阶段向所述驱动单元提供控制电压;发光控制单元,用于在所述像素驱动电路的驱动阶段使所述驱动单元向所述发光元件提供的驱动电流与所述驱动单元的阈值电压无关;驱动控制单元,与所述发光控制单元、所述存储单元和所述驱动单元相连,用于控制针对所述驱动单元的控制电压提供。根据本发明实施例,通过设置发光控制单元和驱动控制单元,消除了驱动单元的阈值电压对其工作电流的影响,从而了缓解驱动单元由于工艺制程及长时间操作造成的阈值电压漂移,以保证发光元件的显示亮度均匀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光显示领域,尤其涉及一种AMOLED(有源矩阵有机发光二极管)的像素单元驱动电路和方法、像素单元以及显示装置。
背景技术
AMOLED显示器是当今平板显示器研究领域的热点之一,与液晶显示器相比,有机发光二极管OLED具有低能耗、生产成本低、自发光、宽视角及响应速度快等优点。像素驱动电路设计是AMOLED显示器核心技术内容,具有重要的研究意义。
AMOLED的发光原理在于由驱动TFT(薄膜晶体管)在饱和状态时产生的电流驱动。与TFT-LCD(Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display,薄膜场效应晶体管液晶显示器)利用稳定的电压控制亮度不同,OLED属于电流驱动,需要稳定的电流来控制发光。当输入相同的灰阶电压时,不同的临界电压会产生不同的驱动电流,造成电流的不一致性。
图1示出了一种传统OLED像素单元驱动电路。如图1所示,传统的AMOLED像素驱动电路采用2T1C像素驱动电路。该电路包括1个驱动TFT(T2)、一个开关TFT(T1)和一个存储电容Cs。当扫描线选通(即扫描)某一行时,Vscan为低电平信号,T1导通,数据信号Vdata写入存储电容器Cs。当该行扫描结束后,Vscan变为高电平信号,T1截止,存储在Cs上的栅极电压驱动T2管,使其产生电流来驱动OLED,保证OLED在一帧显示内持续发光。驱动TFT(即T2)在达到饱和时的电流公式为IOLED=K(VGS-Vth)2。
由于工艺制程和器件老化等原因,各像素点的驱动TFT的阈值电压(Vth)会发生漂移,这就导致了流过每个OLED像素点的电流因Vth的变化 而变化。另外,由于各像素点的驱动TFT的阈值电压存在不均匀性,会直接导致流过每个像素点OLED的电流发生变化,使得显示亮度不均,从而影响整个图像的显示效果。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种像素驱动电路及其驱动方法和显示装置。
根据本发明实施例的一方面,提供了一种像素单元驱动电路,用于对发光元件进行驱动,所述像素驱动电路包括:
扫描信号线,用于提供扫描信号;
电源线,用于向所述像素驱动电路提供电压;
数据线,用于提供数据信号;
驱动单元,用于驱动所述发光元件;
充电单元,用于在所述像素驱动电路的充电阶段为所述驱动单元提供数据信号电压;
存储单元,用于在像素驱动电路的充电阶段充电,并在像素驱动电路的驱动阶段向所述驱动单元提供控制电压;
发光控制单元,用于在所述像素驱动电路的驱动阶段使所述驱动单元向所述发光元件提供的驱动电流与所述驱动单元的阈值电压无关;
驱动控制单元,与所述发光控制单元、所述存储单元和所述驱动单元相连,用于控制针对所述驱动单元的控制电压提供。
优选地,所述驱动单元包括驱动管,所述驱动控制单元包括第四开关管,所述存储单元包括电容器;
所述驱动管的栅极与所述第四开关管的第一极相连,所述驱动管的第一极与所述电源线提供的第一电源电压相连,第二极与所述电容器的第一极以及所述第四开关管的第二极相连;
所述第四开关管的栅极与所述扫描信号线提供的第一扫描信号相连,从而当所述第四开关管导通时,所述驱动管的栅极-第二极电压被拉升至接近所述驱动管的栅极电压,以使所述驱动管迅速达到稳定饱和状态。
优选地,所述发光控制单元包括第一开关管和第二开关管,所述充电单元包括第五开关管;
所述第一开关管的栅极与所述扫描信号线提供的第二扫描信号相连,所述第一开关管的第一极与所述电源线提供的第二电源电压相连,第二极与所述第二开关管的第一极、所述驱动管的栅极以及所述第四开关管的第一极相连;
所述第二开关管的栅极与所述扫描信号线提供的第三扫描信号相连,第二极与所述电容器的第二极相连;以及
所述第五开关管的栅极与所述第二扫描信号相连,所述第五开关管的第一极与所述数据线提供的数据信号相连,第二极与所述电容器的第二极相连和所述第二开关管的第二极相连。
优选地,所述发光控制单元还包括第六开关管,所述第六开关管的栅极与所述第三扫描信号以及所述第二开关管的栅极相连,所述第六开关管的第一极与所述电容器的第一级相连,第二极与所述发光元件相连。
优选地,所述第二电源电压大于所述驱动管的阈值电压且小于所述第一电源电压。
优选地,所述第一开关管、所述第二开关管、所述第四开关管、所述第五开关管、所述第六开关管和所述驱动管均为N型薄膜晶体管。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种用于本发明实施例所述的像素驱动电路的像素驱动方法,包括:
充电阶段,控制所述存储单元被充电,并使所述驱动单元处于饱和状态;
数据写入阶段,控制所述驱动管的栅极-第二极之间电压写入所述驱动管的阈值电压,继续对存储单元充电,直至将数据信号写入到所述存储单元;
像素发光阶段,控制所述存储单元放电,以便通过所述驱动管驱动所述发光元件发光;
其中,在所述充电阶段中,通过所述驱动控制单元使所述驱动管处于饱和状态。
优选地,在所述充电阶段,所述第一扫描信号和所述第二扫描信号有效,所述第三扫描信号无效,使得所述第一开关管、所述第五开关管、所述驱动管以及所述第四开关管导通,所述第二开关管和所述第六开关管截止,从而将所述数据线提供的所述数据信号对电容器充电,以使所述驱动管处于饱和状态。
优选地,在所述数据写入阶段,所述第二扫描信号保持有效,所述第一扫描信号和所述第三扫描信号无效,使得所述第一开关管、所述第五开关管、所述驱动管导通,所述第二开关管、所述第四开关管和所述第六开关管截止,从而所述驱动管达到饱和截止状态,并且继续对所述电容器充电。
优选地,在所述像素发光阶段,所述第一扫描信号和第二扫描信号无效,所述第三扫描信号有效,所述第二开关管和所述第六开关管导通,所述第一开关管、所述第四开关管和所述第五开关管截止,以使所述电容器放电且所述驱动管的饱和电流流经所述发光元件以驱动所述发光元件发光,该饱和电流与所述驱动管的阈值电压无关。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种像素单元,包括发光元件和根据本发明实施例的像素单元驱动电路,该像素单元驱动电路与发光元件相连,以根据数据信号和扫描信号驱动所述发光元件发光。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种显示装置,包括多个根据本发明实施例的像素单元。
根据本发明实施例,消除了驱动单元的阈值电压对其工作电流的影响,从而了缓解驱动单元由于工艺制程及长时间操作造成的阈值电压漂移,以保证发光元件的显示亮度均匀。此外,能够快速将驱动单元的源极电压拉至所需的电压,从而缩短了存储单元的充电时间,进一步提高了显示图像的均匀性。
附图说明
图1是传统2T1C像素单元驱动电路的电路图;
图2是本发明实施例的像素单元驱动电路的电路图;
图3是该实施例所述的像素单元驱动电路中的各信号的时序图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本发明实施例进一步详细说明。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所有实施例中采用的开关晶体管和驱动管均可以为薄膜晶体管或场效应管或其他特性相同的器件。优选地,本发明实施例中使用的薄膜晶体管可以是氧化物半导体晶体管。由于这里采用的开关晶体管的源极、漏极是对称的,所以其源极、漏极可以互换。在本发明实施例中,为区分晶体管除栅极之外的两极,将其中一个电极称为源极,另一电极称为漏极。
本发明实施例提供了一种像素单元驱动电路和方法、像素单元以及显示装置,其中在驱动管T3的栅源电极间设置一个短接晶体管,以使驱动管T3的源极快速被拉至需要的电压Vo-Vth附近,从而缩短了电容器Cs的充电时间。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的像素单元驱动电路的电路图。该实施例的像素单元驱动电路用于驱动例如OLED的发光元件。如图2所示,像素单元驱动电路可以包括:扫描信号线,用于提供扫描信号Scan1-Scan3;电源线,用于向所述像素驱动电路提供电压Vo和VDD;数据线,用于提供数据信号Vdata;驱动单元,用于驱动所述发光元件;充电单元,用于在所述像素驱动电路的充电阶段为所述驱动单元提供数据信号电压;存储单元,用于在像素驱动电路的充电阶段充电,并在像素驱动电路的驱动阶段向所述驱动单元提供控制电压;发光控制单元 11,用于在所述像素驱动电路的驱动阶段使所述驱动单元向所述发光元件提供的驱动电流与所述驱动单元的阈值电压无关;驱动控制单元,与发光控制单元11、存储单元和驱动单元相连,用于控制针对驱动单元的控制电压提供。
接下来参考将详细描述根据本发明实施例的像素单元驱动电路的结构。
驱动单元可以包括驱动管T3,驱动控制单元包括第四开关管T4,存储单元包括电容器Cs。驱动管T3的栅极与第四开关管T4的第一极(例如,在N型晶体管的情况下为漏极)相连,驱动管T3的第一极(例如,在N型晶体管的情况下为漏极)与电源线提供的第一电源电压VDD相连,第二极(例如,在N型晶体管的情况下为源极)与电容器的第一极以及第四开关管T4的第二极(例如,在N型晶体管的情况下为源极)相连,将该连接点标记为A。
第四开关管T4的栅极与扫描信号线提供的第一扫描信号Scan1相连,因此当第四开关管T4导通时,驱动管T3的源极电压被拉升至接近驱动管T3的栅极电压,以使驱动管T3迅速达到稳定饱和状态。
发光控制单元11可以包括第一开关管T1、第二开关管T2以及第六开关管T6,充电单元包括第五开关管T5。第一开关管T1的栅极与扫描信号线提供的第二扫描信号Scan2相连,第一开关管的第一极(在N型晶体管的情况下为漏极)与电源线提供的第二电源电压Vo相连,第二极(在N型晶体管的情况下为源极)与第二开关管T2的第一极(在N型晶体管的情况下为漏极)、驱动管T3的栅极以及第四开关管的第一极(在N型晶体管的情况下为漏极)相连,将该连接点标记为C。第二开关管T2的栅极与所述扫描信号线提供的第三扫描信号Scan3相连,第二极(在N型晶体管的情况下为源极)与电容器Cs的第二极相连。第五开关管的栅极与第二扫描信号Scan2相连,第五开关管的第一极(在N型晶体管的情况下为漏极)与数据线提供的数据信号Vdata相连,第二极(在N型晶体管的情况下为源极)与电容器Cs的第二极和第二开关管T2的第二极之间的连接点相连,将该连接点标记为B。发光控制单元11中的第六开关管T6的栅极与第三扫描信号Scan3以及第二开关 管T2的栅极相连,第一极(N型晶体管的情况下是漏极)与所述电容器的第一级在C点相连,第二极(N型晶体管的情况下是源极)与发光元件相连,所述发光元件OLED的另一端接地。当第六开关管T6导通时,电流流过OLED,以驱动OLED发光。
利用上述电路结构,通过扫描信号Scan1-Scan3来控制电容器Cs的充放电,从而控制驱动管T3工作于饱和区且由驱动管T3的栅源电压补偿驱动管T3的阈值电压Vth。
第四开关管T4连接在驱动管T3的栅极和源极之间。即,晶体管T4连接在驱动管T3的栅极C点和源极A点之间。当晶体管T4导通时,驱动管T3的源极电压被迅速拉至栅极电压接近,以使T3迅速到达稳定的饱和状态。
驱动管T3的栅极C点通过第一开关管T1连接到第二电源电压Vo,Vo大于驱动管T3的阈值电压Vth且小于第一电源电压VDD,即,Vth<Vo<VDD。同时,栅极C点通过发光控制单元11连接到B点,以便接收输入数据Vdata。
根据本发明实施例,T1-T6均为N型薄膜晶体管。
可选地,输入到第四开关管T4的栅极的第一扫描信号Scan1、输入到第一开关管T1的栅极和第五开关管T5的栅极的第二扫描信号Scan2、和输入到第二开关管T2的栅极和第六开关管T6的栅极的第三扫描信号Scan3不同步。因此实现了晶体管T4和晶体管T6的单独控制,进而实现了像素显示时间的精确控制,同时保证了发光器件稳定性,避免发光器件的在非发光阶段有电流通过,延长了器件的使用寿命。
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的像素驱动电路工作时序示意图。下面将参考图3来详细描述根据本发明实施例的像素驱动电路工作时序。
首先,在t1时间段,第三扫描信号Scan3为高电压,第一扫描信号Scan1和第二扫描信号Scan2都为低电压。这为维持显示时间段,显示亮度同上阶段输入的数据电压有关。在本发明实施例中,将“高电压”设为有效电压,将“低电压”设为无效电压。本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明并不局限于此。
在t2时间段,Scan1和Scan2为高电压,Scan3为低电压。第一开关管T1和第五开关管T5导通,第二开关管T2和第六开关管T6截止。第一开关管T1导通使C点电压为Vo,第五开关管T5导通使B点电压为Vdata。C点电压被拉到Vo后将驱动管T3导通,同时Scan1将第四开关管T4导通,从而将A点电压迅速拉至Vo。此时,对于驱动管T3,Vgs-Vth=Vo-Vo-Vth=-Vth。当Vth小于零时(对于氧化物半导体晶体管来说是成立的),Vds-Vgs=VDD-Vo>Vth,驱动管T3处于饱和状态,其中Vds是驱动管T3的漏源电压。此时电容器Cs两端电压为VBA=Vdata-Vo,电容器Cs处于充电状态。将该时间段称为充电阶段。
在t3时间段,Scan1和Scan3为低电压,Scan2继续为高电压,第一开关管T1和第五开关管T5导通,第二开关管T2和第六开关管T6截止。第一开关管T1导通使C点电压为Vo,从而保持驱动管T3导通。此时第四开关管T4截止,A点电压VA在驱动管T3的作用下继续升高,直到其Vgs-Vth=Vo-VA-Vth=0,这时T3达到饱和截止状态。这时VA=Vo-Vth=Vo+|Vth|,并继续对电容器Cs充电,这时电容器Cs两端电压VBA=VB-VA=Vdata-Vo-|Vth|。将该时间段称为数据写入阶段。
在t4时间段,Scan3为高电压,Scan1和Scan2均为低电压,此时T1、T4和T5截止,T2和T6在Scan3作用下导通。电容Cs放电,驱动管T3的栅源电压Vgs=VCA=VBA=Vdata-Vo-|Vth|,而漏源电压Vds=VDD-(Vo+|Vth|)=VDD-Vo-|Vth|,Vds-Vgs-Vth=VDD-Vdata+|Vth|>0。因此T3仍然工作在饱和状态,其饱和电流IOLED=K(Vdata-Vo-|Vth|-Vth)2=K(Vdata-Vo)2,其中K为驱动管T3的电流系数, μ是T3的场效应迁移率,Cox是栅绝缘层单位面积电容,W是沟道宽度,L是沟道长度。
此时T6导通,该饱和电流IOLED即为流过OLED的电流,其值与T3的阈值电压Vth无关。如此便消除了Vth漂移或不均匀对OLED显示亮度的影响。由于T6导通,OLED发光(显示图像),维持该数据电 压Vdata下的发光,直到下一帧数据电压的写入。因此,将该时间段称作发光阶段。
本发明的实施例还提供了一种用于上述像素驱动电路的驱动方法,包括:
充电阶段,控制所述存储单元被充电,并使所述驱动单元处于饱和状态;
数据写入阶段,控制所述驱动管的栅极-第二极之间电压写入所述驱动管的阈值电压Vth,继续对存储单元充电,直至将数据信号写入到所述存储单元;
像素发光阶段,控制所述存储单元放电,以便通过所述驱动管驱动所述发光元件发光;
其中,在所述充电阶段中,通过所述驱动控制单元使所述驱动管处于饱和状态。
本发明实施例还公开了一种像素单元,其包括发光元件和上述的像素单元驱动电路,该像素单元驱动电路与发光元件,以根据数据信号和扫描信号驱动所述发光元件发光。
本发明还公开了一种显示装置,包括多个上述像素单元。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
1.一种像素驱动电路,用于对发光元件进行驱动,所述像素驱动电路包括:
扫描信号线,用于提供扫描信号;
电源线,用于向所述像素驱动电路提供电压;
数据线,用于提供数据信号;
驱动单元,用于驱动所述发光元件;
充电单元,用于在所述像素驱动电路的充电阶段为所述驱动单元提供数据信号电压;
存储单元,用于在像素驱动电路的充电阶段充电,并在像素驱动电路的驱动阶段向所述驱动单元提供控制电压;
发光控制单元,用于在所述像素驱动电路的驱动阶段使所述驱动单元向所述发光元件提供的驱动电流与所述驱动单元的阈值电压无关;
驱动控制单元,与所述发光控制单元、所述存储单元和所述驱动单元相连,用于控制针对所述驱动单元的控制电压提供;
其中,所述驱动单元包括驱动管,所述驱动控制单元包括第四开关管,所述存储单元包括电容器;
所述驱动管的栅极与所述第四开关管的第一极相连,所述驱动管的第一极与所述电源线提供的第一电源电压相连,第二极与所述电容器的第一极以及所述第四开关管的第二极相连;
所述第四开关管的栅极与所述扫描信号线提供的第一扫描信号相连,从而当所述第四开关管导通时,所述驱动管的第二极电压被拉升至接近所述驱动管的栅极电压,以使所述驱动管迅速达到稳定饱和状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的像素驱动电路,其中,所述发光控制单元包括第一开关管和第二开关管,所述充电单元包括第五开关管;
所述第一开关管的栅极与所述扫描信号线提供的第二扫描信号相连,所述第一开关管的第一极与所述电源线提供的第二电源电压相连,第二极与所述第二开关管的第一极、所述驱动管的栅极以及所述第四开关管的第一极相连;
所述第二开关管的栅极与所述扫描信号线提供的第三扫描信号相连,第二极与所述电容器的第二极相连;以及
所述第五开关管的栅极与所述第二扫描信号相连,所述第五开关管的第一极与所述数据线提供的数据信号相连,第二极与所述电容器的第二极和所述第二开关管的第二极相连。
3.根据权利要求2所述的像素驱动电路,其中,所述发光控制单元还包括第六开关管,所述第六开关管的栅极与所述第三扫描信号以及所述第二开关管的栅极相连,所述第六开关管的第一极与所述电容器的第一级相连,第二极与所述发光元件相连。
4.根据权利要求2所述的像素驱动电路,其中,所述第二电源电压大于所述驱动管的阈值电压且小于所述第一电源电压。
5.根据权利要求3所述的像素驱动电路,其特征在于,所述第一开关管、所述第二开关管、所述第四开关管、所述第五开关管、所述第六开关管和所述驱动管均为N型薄膜晶体管。
6.一种用于根据权利要求3所述的像素驱动电路的像素驱动方法,包括:
充电阶段,控制所述存储单元被充电,并使所述驱动单元处于饱和状态;
数据写入阶段,控制所述驱动管的栅极-第二极之间电压写入所述驱动管的阈值电压,继续对存储单元充电,直至将数据信号写入到所述存储单元;
像素发光阶段,控制所述存储单元放电,以便通过所述驱动管驱动所述发光元件发光;
其中,在所述充电阶段中,通过所述驱动控制单元使所述驱动管处于饱和状态。
7.根据权利要求6所述的像素驱动方法,其中,在所述充电阶段,所述第一扫描信号和所述第二扫描信号有效,所述第三扫描信号无效,使得所述第一开关管、所述第五开关管、所述驱动管以及所述第四开关管导通,所述第二开关管和所述第六开关管截止,从而将所述数据线提供的所述数据信号对电容器充电,所述驱动管处于饱和状态。
8.根据权利要求7所述的像素驱动方法,其中,在所述数据写入阶段,所述第二扫描信号保持有效,所述第一扫描信号和所述第三扫描信号无效,使得所述第一开关管、所述第五开关管、所述驱动管导通,所述第二开关管、所述第四开关管和所述第六开关管截止,从而所述驱动管达到饱和截止状态,并且继续对所述电容器充电。
9.根据权利要求8所述的像素驱动方法,其中,在所述像素发光阶段,所述第一扫描信号和第二扫描信号无效,所述第三扫描信号有效,所述第二开关管和所述第六开关管导通,所述第一开关管、所述第四开关管和所述第五开关管截止,以使所述电容器放电且所述驱动管的饱和电流流经所述发光元件以驱动所述发光元件发光,该饱和电流与所述驱动管的阈值电压无关。
10.一种像素单元,包括发光元件和根据权利要求1至5任一所述的像素驱动电路,该像素驱动电路与所述发光元件相连,以根据所述数据信号和所述扫描信号驱动所述发光元件发光。
11.一种显示装置,包括多个根据权利要求10所述的像素单元。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201410652716.XA CN104318899B (zh) | 2014-11-17 | 2014-11-17 | 像素单元驱动电路和方法、像素单元和显示装置 |
PCT/CN2015/075368 WO2016078282A1 (zh) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-30 | 像素单元驱动电路和方法、像素单元和显示装置 |
EP15763805.7A EP3048603B1 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-30 | Pixel unit driving circuit and method, pixel unit, and display device |
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CN104778917B (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-12-19 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 像素驱动电路及其驱动方法和显示设备 |
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CN106023891B (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-05-04 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种像素电路、其驱动方法及显示面板 |
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