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CN104313494B - 一种超临界锅炉用钢sa-335p92的冶炼方法 - Google Patents

一种超临界锅炉用钢sa-335p92的冶炼方法 Download PDF

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CN104313494B
CN104313494B CN201410633977.7A CN201410633977A CN104313494B CN 104313494 B CN104313494 B CN 104313494B CN 201410633977 A CN201410633977 A CN 201410633977A CN 104313494 B CN104313494 B CN 104313494B
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司兴奎
刘殿山
秦士东
王成业
周庆光
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Tongyu Heavy Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法，该方法包括（1）电炉熔炼，获取碳重量含量≤0.03%，温度≥1600℃的钢液；（2）钢包精炼，（2-1）脱氧，（2-2）调整成分；（2-3）将步骤（2-2）得到的合金溶液加入步骤（2-1）得到的钢液在LF炉中调整成分；步骤（2）中的LF炉采用超高功率石墨电极；（3）真空脱气；（4）调整氮含量；（5）浇注。本发明在钢包精炼尽量不采用含碳的材料，避免碳在精炼过程进入钢液，尽可能的减少钢包精炼过程中增碳量，从而在钢包精炼后不需要脱碳和再次精炼，相对于现有技术减少两个工序。

Description

一种超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法。
背景技术
超超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92包含以下重量百分比的元素：碳0.07-0.13%；硅≤0.50%；锰0.30-0.60%；磷≤0.020%；硫≤0.010%；铬8.50-9.50%；钼0.30-0.60%；钒0.15-0.25%；铌0.04-0.09%；镍≤0.40%；铝≤0.020%；硼0.001-0.006%；钨1.50-2.00%；锆≤0.01%；钛≤0.01%；氮0.030-0.070%；其余为铁及不可避免的杂质。目前，该钢种传统的冶炼工艺由以下工序步骤组成：
步骤一：电炉熔炼、吹氧脱碳；步骤二：LF精炼、调整成分温度；步骤三：VOD真空吹氧脱碳；步骤四：LF再次精炼、调整成分和温度；步骤五：VD真空脱气；步骤六：调整氮含量；步骤七：浇注。
由于钢种合金含量高而碳含量非常低，因此在精炼之后需要真空吹氧以降低碳含量，碳含量降低的同时合金必然会有部分烧损，VOD之后又需回LF精炼调整成分，两次LF精炼会大大增加电耗、合金消耗，影响冶炼效率和生产进度顺行，造成冶炼成本大幅度提高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种工艺简单的超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92包含以下重量百分比的元素：碳0.07-0.13%；硅≤0.50%；锰0.30-0.60%；磷≤0.020%；硫≤0.010%；铬8.50-9.50%；钼0.30-0.60%；钒0.15-0.25%；铌0.04-0.09%；镍≤0.40%；铝≤0.020%；硼0.001-0.006%；钨1.50-2.00%；锆≤0.01%；钛≤0.01%；氮0.030-0.070%；其余为铁及不可避免的杂质，该锅炉用钢的冶炼方法包括以下步骤：
（1）电炉熔炼：在电炉中加入生铁/铁水、废钢和造渣材料熔炼，获取碳重量含量≤0.03%，温度≥1600℃的钢液；
（2）钢包精炼：（2-1）脱氧：在LF炉中，采用不含碳的脱氧剂对钢液脱氧，（2-2）调整成分：将用于调节钢液成份的合金用非含碳的加热炉熔化成合金溶液；（2-3）将步骤（2-2）得到的合金溶液加入步骤（2-1）得到的钢液在LF炉中调整成分；步骤（2）中的LF炉采用超高功率石墨电极；
（3）真空脱气；
（4）调整氮含量；
（5）浇注。
为了提高真空脱气效果，所述的步骤（3）真空脱气：将精炼后的钢液倒掉占总重30-50%的精炼渣后进入真空脱气罐，真空脱气前加入硅钙线，在压强小于133Pa条件下真空脱气20-30分钟，真空脱气时从炉底向钢液吹氩气或氮气。
为了进一步提高真空脱气效果，所述的步骤（3）真空脱气，真空度≤133Pa，氩气或氮气流量为3-5Nm3/h。
为了在步骤（4）便于调整氮含量，所述步骤（3）真空脱气后温度为1590-1640℃，铬重量含量为8.0-9.0%。
为了有效的调整氮含量，所述的步骤（4）调整氮含量：真空脱气后通过加入氮化铬合金调整钢液中氮含量，加入后经过10-30分钟软吹达到出钢温度后出钢。
所述步骤（5）浇注：待所有成分调整到位并且温度在1540-1580℃时浇注。
所述的生铁/铁水加入重量占总原料的50%以上。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明在钢包精炼尽量不采用含碳的材料，避免碳在精炼过程进入钢液，尽可能的减少钢包精炼过程中增碳量，从而在钢包精炼后不需要脱碳和再次精炼，相对于现有技术减少两个工序，本发明工艺简单、降低了消耗、提高了生产效率、节约了成本，便于实施和推广。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一种超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）电炉熔炼：在电炉中加入生铁/铁水、废钢和造渣材料熔炼，生铁/铁水重量占总原材料的55%，控制电炉出钢碳重量含量为0.02%，电炉出钢温度1650℃，采用偏心炉底出钢的方式获取钢液；
（2）钢包精炼：（2-1）脱氧：在LF炉中，采用硅粉对钢液脱氧，（2-2）调整成分：将用于调节钢液成份的合金用电阻丝加热炉熔化成合金溶液；（2-3）将步骤（2-2）得到的合金溶液加入步骤（2-1）得到的钢液在LF炉中调整成分；步骤（2）中的LF炉采用超高功率石墨电极；
（3）真空脱气：将精炼后的钢液倒掉30%的精炼渣后进入真空脱气罐，真空脱气前在钢液中加入硅钙线，在压强100Pa、氩气流量4.0Nm3/h的条件下真空脱气21分钟，氩气从罐底吹入，真空脱气后钢液温度为1600℃，控制铬重量含量为8.50%。
（4）调整氮含量：真空脱气后通过加入氮化铬合金调整钢液中氮含量，加入后经过15分钟软吹到钢液过热度降到50℃，调整氮重量含量到0.050%。
（5）浇注：浇注冷却脱模后即为生产锅炉用的锻造用钢锭，钢锭熔炼成分为（重量百分比）：碳0.10%；硅0.30%；锰0.45%；磷≤0.020%；硫≤0.010%；铬9.00%；钼0.40%；钒0.20%；铌0.06%；镍≤0.40%；铝≤0.020%；硼0.003%；钨1.70%；锆≤0.01%；钛≤0.01%；氮0.050%；其余为铁及不可避免的杂质。
实施例2：一种超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）电炉熔炼：在电炉中加入生铁/铁水、废钢和造渣材料熔炼，生铁/铁水重量占总原材料的58%，获取碳重量含量为0.023%、温度为1660℃的钢液；
（2）钢包精炼：（2-1）脱氧：在LF炉中，采用硅钙粉对钢液脱氧，（2-2）调整成分：将用于调节钢液成份的合金用电阻丝加热炉熔化成合金溶液；（2-3）将步骤（2-2）得到的合金溶液加入步骤（2-1）得到的钢液在LF炉中调整成分；步骤（2）中的LF炉采用超高功率石墨电极；
（3）真空脱气：将精炼后的钢液倒掉40%的精炼渣后进入真空脱气罐，真空脱气前在钢液中加入硅钙线，在压强90Pa、氩气流量3.8Nm3/h的条件下真空脱气23分钟，氩气从罐底吹入，真空脱气后钢液温度为1595℃，控制铬重量含量为8.20%。
（4）调整氮含量：真空脱气后通过加入氮化铬合金调整钢液中氮含量，加入后经过17分钟软吹到钢液过热度降到48℃，调整氮重量含量到0.045%。
（5）浇注：冷却脱模后即为生产锅炉用的锻造用钢锭。钢锭熔炼成分为（重量百分比）：碳0.11%；硅0.35%；锰0.40%；磷≤0.012%；硫≤0.010%；铬8.70%；钼0.35%；钒0.19%；铌0.07%；镍≤0.40%；铝≤0.020%；硼0.004%；钨1.7%；锆≤0.01%；钛≤0.01%；氮0.045%；其余为铁及不可避免的杂质。
实施例3：一种超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）电炉熔炼：在电炉中加入生铁/铁水、废钢和造渣材料熔炼，生铁/铁水重量占总原材料的53%，获取碳重量含量为0.018%、温度为1635℃的钢液。
（2）钢包精炼：（2-1）脱氧：在LF炉中，采用硅粉和硅钙粉对钢液脱氧，（2-2）调整成分：将用于调节钢液成份的合金用电阻丝加热炉熔化成合金溶液；合金用电阻丝加热炉也可采用其它非含炭的加热炉，比如不能是石墨电极加热炉，（2-3）将步骤（2-2）得到的合金溶液加入步骤（2-1）得到的钢液在LF炉中调整成分；步骤（2）中的LF炉采用超高功率石墨电极。
（3）真空脱气：将精炼后的钢液倒掉50%的精炼渣后进入真空脱气罐，真空脱气前在钢液中加入硅钙线，在压强95Pa、氮气流量3.5Nm3/h的条件下真空脱气26分钟，氮气从罐底吹入，真空脱气后钢液温度为1610℃，控制铬重量含量为8.10%。
（4）调整氮含量：真空脱气后通过加入氮化铬合金调整钢液中氮含量，加入后经过25分钟软吹到钢液过热度降到54℃，调整氮重量含量到0.055%。
（5）浇注：冷却脱模后即为生产锅炉用的锻造用钢锭。钢锭熔炼成分为（重量百分比）：碳0.09%；硅≤0.50%；锰0.50%；磷≤0.020%；硫≤0.010%；铬8.60%；钼0.38%；钒0.20%；铌0.06%；镍≤0.40%；铝≤0.020%；硼0.004%；钨1.90%；锆≤0.01%；钛≤0.01%；氮0.06%；其余为铁及不可避免的杂质。
上述各实施例中：步骤（2）中用于调节成份的合金可以是硅铁、锰铁、铬铁和钨铁等合金，这是根据实际需求来确定合金，如何确定调节钢液成份的合金是本领域的常规技术手段。生铁/铁水表示生铁和铁水中一者或二者。

Claims (7)

1.一种超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92的冶炼方法，该超临界锅炉用钢SA-335P92包含以下重量百分比的元素：碳0.07-0.13%；硅≤0.50%；锰0.30-0.60%；磷≤0.020%；硫≤0.010%；铬8.50-9.50%；钼0.30-0.60%；钒0.15-0.25%；铌0.04-0.09%；镍≤0.40%；铝≤0.020%；硼0.001-0.006%；钨1.50-2.00%；锆≤0.01%；钛≤0.01%；氮0.030-0.070%；其余为铁及不可避免的杂质，其特征在于：该锅炉用钢的冶炼方法包括以下步骤：
（1）电炉熔炼：在电炉中加入生铁/铁水、废钢和造渣材料熔炼，获取碳重量含量≤0.03%，温度≥1600℃的钢液；
（2）钢包精炼：（2-1）脱氧：在LF炉中，采用不含碳的脱氧剂对钢液脱氧，（2-2）调整成分：将用于调节钢液成份的合金用非含碳的加热炉熔化成合金溶液；（2-3）将步骤（2-2）得到的合金溶液加入步骤（2-1）得到的钢液在LF炉中调整成分；步骤（2）中的LF炉采用超高功率石墨电极；
（3）真空脱气；
（4）调整氮含量；
（5）浇注。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤（3）真空脱气：将精炼后的钢液倒掉占总重30-50%的精炼渣后进入真空脱气罐，真空脱气前加入硅钙线，在压强小于133Pa条件下真空脱气20-30分钟，真空脱气时从炉底向钢液吹氩气或氮气。
3.根据权利要求2所述的冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤（3）真空脱气，真空度≤133Pa，氩气或氮气流量为3-5Nm3/h。
4.根据权利要求3所述的冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）真空脱气后温度为1590-1640℃，铬重量含量为8.0-9.0%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤（4）调整氮含量：真空脱气后通过加入氮化铬合金调整钢液中氮含量，加入后经过10-30分钟软吹达到出钢温度后出钢。
6.根据权利要求5所述的冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（5）浇注：待所有成分调整到位并且温度在1540-1580℃时浇注。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任何一项所述的冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述的生铁/铁水加入重量占总原料的50%以上。
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