CN104281729A - BIM (building information model) method for digital processing and manufacturing of steel structure buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a BIM method applied to the digital processing and manufacturing of steel structure buildings, including four parts: architectural design, structural design and analysis, detailed drawing design, and numerical control processing and manufacturing. There is a certain amount of information interaction between the processes to ensure the timely update of information, solve the current problems of poor process connection between various disciplines, and the ineffective transmission of interactive data, so as to improve the inefficiency in the process of digital design and construction of steel structures .

Description

A BIM method applied to digital processing and manufacturing of steel structure buildings

technical field

The invention relates to a digital processing method, in particular to a BIM method applied to digital processing and manufacturing of steel structure buildings. the

Background technique

In order to meet the construction needs of the rapid development of cities in our country, shorten the design and construction cycle of steel structure buildings, and control construction costs, digital technology has begun to be applied to the construction field. However, at this stage, the digital application in the construction industry basically follows the traditional workflow (including architectural design-structural design-deep design-processing manufacturing and construction, etc.), and the main problems are as follows: (1) The entire technical process lacks standardization , the connection efficiency between various majors is low; (2) The interactive data content of each stage is not yet clear, and the data interaction is not smooth. the

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a BIM management technology method applied to the digital processing and manufacturing of steel structure buildings, which solves the current problems of poor flow connection among various disciplines and the inability to effectively transmit interactive data, so as to improve the digital design and construction of steel structure buildings. Inefficiency problem. the

The technical application process in the present invention includes:

There are four stages of architectural design-structural design and analysis-detailed drawing design-digital processing and manufacturing. The establishment process of information models in each stage is not isolated from each other. Corresponding data information will be generated in each stage, and as the project progresses and Deepening, data information is also constantly accumulating and updating, and there will also be an interactive and collaborative process between different stages, so as to improve the final overall information model. the

The technical characteristics of the process are:

The establishment of digital information model from architectural design to CNC machining and manufacturing is a process of continuous deepening and superposition. The traditional design process is mainly based on the working mode of two-dimensional drawings, and due to the different software platforms, the model information of each stage and different disciplines cannot be completely transmitted. Each stage has to be modeled repeatedly according to its own needs, and there is no information correlation between the models, so it is impossible to achieve effective collaboration at each stage. However, the BIM-based technology application process does not have obvious faults at each stage, and supports the associated modification and automatic update of models and drawings, which can make data conversion and linkage smoother, and ensure the integrity and real-time information , so that various disciplines can work in parallel earlier, and problems in the model can be found and corrected in time through "collision check", so as to realize the smooth design and construction of engineering projects, reduce costs and improve efficiency. the

The data requirement of each stage information model among the present invention is:

(1) The model established by the architectural design major pays more attention to the overall form of the building and the determination of the spatial topology, distribution and positioning relationship of the basic components of the building such as beams, plates, columns and walls. At present, the modeling software operating platforms mainly used in the architectural design stage include Autodesk Revit Architecture, SketchUp, Rhinoceros, etc., and the model data content that needs to be transmitted to the downstream includes two categories: geometric attribute information and non-geometric attribute information of the architectural model. Among them, geometric attributes include accurate axis positioning dimensions, space constraints such as building outline boundary positioning, surface curvature, structural selection, and approximate structural components (such as beams, plates, columns, etc.) positioning dimensions, shapes, and component angles, etc. And it is necessary to clarify variable geometric conditions and unchangeable geometric conditions; non-geometric attributes include building materials, live loads and other related information. the

(2) The information model in the structural design and analysis stage should take the physical model of the structure as the core, and is mainly used for the calculation and optimization of the structure to ensure the rationality of the structural design. At present, there are a large number of software used in structural analysis and calculation, such as Autodesk Revit Structure, Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis, PKPM, SAP2000, MIDAS, 3D3S, STAAB, MTS, ANSYS, ETABS, ABAQUS, etc., but further development is still needed to make it Better docking with other software under the BIM platform. The content of model data transmitted to the downstream at this stage is also divided into two categories of information: structural model geometric attributes and constraints and non-geometric attributes and constraints. Geometric properties and constraints include the grid size of the overall structure; the connection relationship and mutual position relationship of structural components, including their accurate positioning relationship, elevation, component position, section form and size, etc.; and the positioning dimensions of each structural component (coordinate size), total size, sub-size (linear size, angular size, section radius size) and other necessary dimensions. Non-geometric attributes and constraints include structural and functional constraints, mainly referring to the strength and structure descriptions of connecting components, weld quality requirements, bolt types and layout, welding stud layout, etc.; engineering requirements and constraints, such as Steel grades and quality grades, corresponding product standards, model specifications of structural components, forming methods of steel components, installation requirements, and coating requirements, etc. the

(3) The detailed design stage mainly focuses on building a solid model, perfecting the structural design of nodes, completing the detailed design of steel structure construction, and collision checking to improve its information model. , processing and installation process details. The main application software operating platforms include Tekla Structure, AutoCAD, StruCad, ProSteel, PKPM-STXT, Bocad, etc., and the model data content transmitted downstream mainly includes the type, number, quantity and spatial orientation information of steel structural components, members Section form and size information, node installation information (such as bolt welds, etc.), processing feature information, and various material numbers in components, bolt specifications, hole diameters, sizes, groove forms, segmental positions of super-long and super-heavy components, etc. . At the same time, the model information at this stage should also include bill of materials data information, so as to provide a basis for processing organization planning, cost control and schedule management in the processing and manufacturing stage. the

(4) In the stage of CNC machining and manufacturing, the information model mainly completes the connection with the NC data output from the BIM model in the upstream detailed design stage, and then uses automatic equipment such as CNC cutting machines to carry out component lofting, automatic nesting and layout, and setting processing After the path is cut and shaped, the entire processing process is completed. The software operating platforms mainly used at this stage include AutoCAD, FastCAM, Autonest and other nesting and layout software, and the data content includes nesting information, processing path coding files, and processing list files. Among them, the typesetting nesting information includes real-time dynamic statistical nesting data, ellipse and spline curve fitting data, part internal and external contour geometric data, lead-in (out) line (arc) position data; processing path coding files mainly include processing sequence The movement track information of mechanical equipment, the processing list file includes the blanking list with part diagrams, and the project quantity statistics; the processing list file refers to various related reports (steel plate cutting list, material tracking table, utilization rate summary table, Remaining material table, parts summary table, etc.). the

The specific steps are:

A BIM method applied to digital processing and manufacturing of steel structure buildings is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Architectural Design

In the preliminary architectural design stage, architects carry out scheme design and computer 3D modeling work according to comprehensive requirements such as wind, light and other environmental factors and architectural functions. model, and adjust the shape of the 3D model according to the feedback plan of the structural profession; then adjust the architectural functional design according to the architectural shape, establish the internal model of the building, and improve the 3D model for collision testing with other related disciplines such as equipment; after passing the test, Draw architectural design and construction drawings according to standards, and conduct drawing review and archiving;

In this step, we should focus on solving the problem of synergy between the architectural specialty and the structural design specialty. The architectural specialty needs to optimize the architectural form according to the structural shape obtained through calculation and analysis of the structural specialty. The two mainly rely on the 3D information of Revit, AutoCAD or Rhino. The data transfer of the model is supplemented by two-dimensional drawings such as plan and main section drawings. The data formats transferred between the two are mainly RVT, SAT and DWG;

At this stage, the architectural majors need to provide the structural majors with the following data requirements: geometric attribute information, including accurate axis positioning dimensions, building outline boundary positioning, surface curvature and other space constraints, structural selection, and approximate structural component positioning dimensions and shapes And component angles, etc., and need to clarify variable geometric conditions and unchangeable geometric conditions; and non-geometric attribute information, including building materials, active loads and other related information;

Step 2. Structural Design and Analysis

In the stage of structural design and analysis, the structural designer determines the overall structural form, load and section information of the building according to the design conditions proposed by the architect, and establishes a structural calculation model, and then uses structural analysis and calculation software to perform structural checks according to different types of structures. , Feedback the checked structure to the architectural profession to modify and determine the architectural shape; then draw the steel structure design and construction drawing and deliver it to the downstream detail design unit to draw the steel structure construction detail drawing, the two need to focus on the node type and processing technology of the steel structure members Collaborate on various aspects; after reviewing the detailed drawings of the steel structure construction, file the drawings;

In this step, in addition to the collaboration with the architectural profession, the focus should also be on solving the problem of collaboration between structural design and detail design. The two mainly rely on Revit Structure and AutoCAD 3D information models for data transfer, supplemented by general instructions , floor plan, bar unit diagram and attribute table, node coordinate table, node number diagram and other two-dimensional drawings, as well as steel structure material table and typical node description, the data format transmitted between the two is mainly IFC, DWG/DXF;

The data requirements that the structural major needs to provide to the detailing design major at this stage are: geometric attribute information and constraints, including the grid size of the overall structure; the connection relationship and mutual position relationship of structural components, including their accurate positioning relationship, elevation, component position, section form and size, etc.; and the necessary dimensions of positioning dimensions (coordinate dimensions), overall dimensions, and subdimensions (linear dimensions, angular dimensions, section radius dimensions) of each structural member; and non-geometric attributes and constraints, including structural functions Constraint relationship in aspect mainly refers to the strength specification and structure specification of connected components, weld quality requirements, bolt type and layout, welding stud layout, etc.; engineering requirements and constraints, such as steel grades and quality grades, corresponding Product standards, model specifications of structural components, forming methods of steel components, installation requirements and coating requirements;

Step 3, detailed design

In the detailed drawing design stage, after the construction drawing design unit and the installation unit hand over the details, the detailed drawing designer submits the problem report in the drawing, and determines the section position and processing technology of the rod according to the material and equipment requirements, and then proceeds to the detailed drawing design , and cooperate with the construction drawing designer to clarify the node design scheme; after passing the process review, complete the drawings and self-check, and then feed back to the construction drawing designer to proofread, review and modify the drawings; 

This step mainly focuses on building a solid model, improving the design of the node structure, completing the detailed design of the steel structure construction, collision check, etc. to improve its information model. Processing; the main application software operating platforms include Tekla Structure, AutoCAD, StruCad, ProSteel, PKPM-STXT, Bocad, etc., and the data transfer formats with the downstream are mainly DWG/DXF, NC data, and EXCEL. the

The advantage of the present invention is that: the present invention proposes a BIM management process that can be applied to the digital processing and manufacturing of steel structure buildings, clarifies the content and format requirements of data interaction among various disciplines, makes the data transmission and feedback process more efficient, and improves The design efficiency is improved, and the problem of gaps and poor connection between data in the past when various disciplines collaborate is improved. the

Description of drawings

Figure 1 P-BIM application technology framework diagram

Figure 2 overall flow chart of technology application

Figure 3a Detailed flow chart of architectural design stage

Figure 3b Detailed flow chart of structural design and analysis stage

Figure 3c detailed flow chart of detailed design phase

Figure 3d detailed flow chart of CNC machining and manufacturing stage

Figure 4 Data transmission framework under the P-BIM platform

Figure 5 Revit architectural model of swimming pool

Figure 6 Swimming pool Rhino architectural model

Figure 7 Structural Model Diagram of Swimming Pool

Figure 8 Deepening model of steel structure of swimming pool

Figure 9 Swimming pool steel structure details

Figure 10 Expanded view of steel structure components of swimming pool

Figure 11 NC machining details of swimming pool components

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. the

As shown in Figure 1, the technical system of the present invention mainly includes four parts: architectural design, structural design and analysis, detailed drawing design, and numerical control processing and manufacturing. Each part has its own basic process step requirements, and there are Certain information interaction to ensure timely update of information, the specific process steps are as follows: 

Step 1. Architectural Design

In the preliminary architectural design stage, as shown in Figure 3a, architects carry out scheme design and computer 3D modeling work according to comprehensive requirements such as wind, light and other environmental factors and architectural functions. Select the structure of the building, and adjust the shape of the 3D model according to the feedback plan of the structural profession; then adjust the architectural functional design according to the architectural shape, establish the internal model of the building, and improve the 3D model for collision testing with other related disciplines such as equipment ; After passing the test, draw architectural design and construction drawings according to the standards, and conduct drawing review and archiving. the

In this step, we should focus on solving the problem of synergy between the architectural specialty and the structural design specialty. The architectural specialty needs to optimize the architectural form according to the structural shape obtained through calculation and analysis of the structural specialty. The two mainly rely on the 3D information of Revit, AutoCAD or Rhino. The data transfer of the model is supplemented by two-dimensional drawings such as plan views and main section views. The data formats transferred between the two are mainly RVT, SAT and DWG. the

At this stage, the architectural majors need to provide the structural majors with the following data requirements: geometric attribute information, including accurate axis positioning dimensions, building outline boundary positioning, surface curvature and other space constraints, structural selection, and general structural components (such as beams, beams, etc.) Plates, columns, etc.) positioning size, shape, and component angle, etc., and need to specify variable and unchangeable geometric conditions; and non-geometric attribute information, including building materials, live loads and other related information. the

Step 2. Structural Design and Analysis

In the stage of structural design and analysis, as shown in Figure 3b, the structural designer determines the overall structural form, load and section information of the building according to the design conditions proposed by the architect, and establishes a structural calculation model, and then uses structural analysis and calculation according to different types of structures. The software checks the structure, and feeds back the checked structure to the architectural profession to modify and determine the architectural shape. Then draw the steel structure design and construction drawing and submit it to the downstream detail design unit to draw the steel structure construction detail drawing. The two need to coordinate on the node type and processing technology of the steel structure members; after reviewing the steel structure construction detail drawing, Drawing archive. the

In this step, in addition to the collaboration with the architectural profession, the focus should also be on solving the problem of collaboration between structural design and detail design. The two mainly rely on Revit Structure and AutoCAD 3D information models for data transfer, supplemented by general instructions , floor plan, bar unit diagram and attribute table, node coordinate table, node number diagram and other two-dimensional drawings, as well as steel structure material table and typical node description, etc. The data format transmitted between the two is mainly IFC, DWG/DXF . the

The data requirements that the structural major needs to provide to the detailing design major at this stage are: geometric attribute information and constraints, including the grid size of the overall structure; the connection relationship and mutual position relationship of structural components, including their accurate positioning relationship, elevation, component position, cross-sectional form and size, etc.; and necessary dimensions such as positioning dimensions (coordinate dimensions), overall dimensions, and subdimensions (linear dimensions, angular dimensions, and section radius dimensions) of each structural member. As well as non-geometric attributes and constraints, including structural and functional constraints, mainly referring to the strength specification and structure specification of connecting components, as well as weld quality requirements, bolt type and layout, welding stud layout, etc.; engineering requirements and constraints, Such as steel grades and quality grades, corresponding product standards, model specifications of structural components, forming methods of steel components, installation requirements, and coating requirements, etc. the

Step 3, detailed design

In the detailed drawing design stage, as shown in Figure 3c, after the construction drawing design unit and the installation unit hand over the details, the detailed drawing designer submits the problem report in the drawing, and determines the section position and processing technology of the rod according to the material and equipment requirements, and then Carry out detailed drawing design, and cooperate with the construction drawing designer to clarify the node design scheme. After passing the process review, the drawings are completed and self-checked, and then fed back to the construction drawing designer to proofread, review and modify the drawings. the

This step mainly focuses on building a solid model, improving the design of the node structure, completing the detailed design of the steel structure construction, collision check, etc. to improve its information model. to process. The main application software operating platforms include Tekla Structure, AutoCAD, StruCad, ProSteel, PKPM-STXT, Bocad, etc., and the data transmission formats with the downstream are mainly DWG/DXF, NC data, and EXCEL. the

The content requirements of the model data that the detail design major needs to transmit to the downstream CNC processing manufacturers at this stage are: it should include the type, number, quantity and spatial orientation information of the steel structure components, the section form and size information of the rods, and the node installation information (such as Bolt welds, etc.), processing feature information, and various material numbers in components, bolt specifications, hole diameters, sizes, groove forms, segmental positions of super-long and super-heavy components, and material list data information. the

Step 4, CNC machining and manufacturing

In the stage of CNC machining and manufacturing, as shown in Figure 3d, its information model mainly completes the connection with the NC data output from the BIM model in the upstream detailed design stage, and then uses automatic equipment such as CNC cutting machines to carry out component lofting. After the inspection, welding and inspection are correct, automatic nesting and typesetting are performed, and the processing path is set and then cut and formed to complete the entire processing process. the

The software operating platforms mainly used in this step include AutoCAD, FastCAM, Autonest and other nesting and layout software, and the data generated include nesting information, processing path code files, processing list files, production control tables, etc., mainly relying on DWG/ DXF, CNC, DSTV and other data formats. the

The typesetting nesting information generated at this stage includes real-time dynamic statistical nesting data, ellipse and spline curve fitting data, part internal and external contour geometric data, and incoming (outgoing) line (arc) position data; the processing path encoding file mainly includes Processing sequence and mechanical equipment movement trajectory information, processing list files include blanking lists with parts sketches, project engineering quantity statistics; processing list files refer to various related reports (steel plate cutting list, material tracking table, utilization rate summary table, remaining material table, parts summary table, etc.). the

The data transmission system of the model library is shown in Figure 4. Model libraries that meet the format requirements are established in the four stages of architectural design, structural design and calculation analysis, steel structure detail design, and CNC manufacturing. Updates in real time as changes are made. Architectural majors upload the models of the conceptual design stage, preliminary design stage and detailed design stage to the building 3D information model library in real time according to the design progress. Calculation and analysis, the architectural profession can be modified according to the associated model. In the same way, steel structure detailing professional and CNC machining manufacturers can also extract and feed back the model in real time, so as to achieve timely and synchronous update of the model. the

Construction engineering example carried out according to the present invention: a swimming pool project of an Olympic sports center is a single-story large-space sports building with an area of 12399.40 square meters, 2562 audience seats, a total construction area of 23062 square meters, and a building height of 29.6m , the main structure is a reinforced concrete frame structure, and the roof is a steel structure space truss structure. the

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, in the architectural design stage, the 3D model of the building is established through the Rhino and Revit software platforms, and the geometric information such as the positioning axis, building outline, and preliminary structural component positioning dimensions, shapes, and angles are combined with 2D drawings to be transferred to the structure. engineer. the

As shown in Figure 7, in the stage of structural design and analysis, the analysis calculation and structural modeling are mainly based on the relevant structural calculation and analysis software and Revit Structure, and the positioning relationship, elevation, position and section form of each component, as well as the overall size and subsection are determined. Dimensions (linear dimensions, angular dimensions, section radius dimensions) and other necessary dimensions. the

As shown in Figures 8 and 9, in the detailed design stage, firstly, according to the IFC model exported by Revit, Tekla Structure (XSteel) is used to establish a three-dimensional steel structure information model, and the spatial position relationship and connection mode of each structural component can be determined intuitively and accurately . At the same time, combined with the two-dimensional node details, specify the bolt specifications, hole diameter, size, groove form, bar section form and size information, node installation information (such as bolt welds, etc.), processing features, etc., and based on this The collision test was carried out on the computer, and the design problems were found and corrected in a timely and effective manner. the

As shown in Figures 10 and 11, in the stage of CNC machining and manufacturing, the steel structure company performs mathematical lofting of each panel and node parts in the computer according to the 3D information model of Tekla, the dimensions marked on the design drawings and the technological requirements of processing and manufacturing, that is, through mathematical calculations Accurate coordinate point data of each expansion point is obtained, each point is smoothed, and the expansion graphic data information with small shape error is obtained, and the geometric expansion diagram and CNC machining detailed diagram of the steel structure components are generated. Then mark the problems found in the model and drawings, upload them to the shared model library in parallel, and give feedback to the designer to improve and perfect the design plan. After that, all part graphics are classified according to the characteristics of plate thickness and material according to the inventory situation, and FastCAM is used to automatically typeset the nesting and set the processing path, start the CNC machining and manufacturing, and then complete the assembly construction. the

Claims (1)

1. be applied to the BIM method that steel building Digital manufacturing manufactures, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:

Step one, architectural design

The Elementary Architecture design phase, architect carries out conceptual design and Computerized three-dimensional modeling work according to every composite requests such as the environmental factor such as wind, light and building functions, while determining Elementary Architecture form, need to work in coordination with the structure model selection of determining to build with structure discipline, and adjust the moulding of three-dimensional model according to the feedback scheme of structure discipline; Carry out building function design modifying according to architectural image subsequently, set up building interior model, improve and work in coordination with other relevant specialities such as equipment the three-dimensional model carrying out crash tests; After test, draw building design and construction figure according to standard, and carry out drawing examination and file;

The Research on Interactive Problem between emphasis solution architectural discipline and structural design specialty is answered in this step, architectural discipline requires to optimize Form of Architecture by the structural form that computational analysis draws according to structure discipline, therebetween mainly rely on Revit, AutoCAD or Rhino three-dimensional information model and carry out data transmission, be aided with the two-dimentional drawing such as planimetric map and major profile figure, the data layout transmitted therebetween is mainly RVT, SAT and DWG;

This stage architectural discipline needs the data demand being supplied to structure discipline to be: geometric attribute information, comprise axis location size accurately, the space qualifications such as profile boundary alignment, curvature of curved surface of building, structure model selection and structural elements location dimension roughly, shape and component angle etc., and need clearly variable geometric condition and unmodifiable geometric condition; And non-geometric attribute information, comprise the relevant information such as building materials, live load;

Step 2, structural design and analysis

Structural design and analysis phase, the version of the design conditions determination building integral that structural design teacher proposes according to architect and load and cross section information, and set up structural computational model, carry out structural checking computation according to the dissimilar characteristic use structure analysis and calculation software of structure again, checking computations structural feedback is revised to architectural discipline and determines architectural image; Draw Steel Structural Design working drawing subsequently and pay downstream draft design unit and draw Construction of Steel Structure detail drawing, the two needs to work in coordination with for the aspect such as node type, processing technology of steel structural rod piece; After to the examination & verification of Construction of Steel Structure detail drawing, file of publishing picture;

In this step except with architectural discipline collaborative except, also answer the Research on Interactive Problem between emphasis solution structural design and draft design, therebetween mainly rely on Revit Structure, AutoCAD three-dimensional information model and carry out data transmission, be aided with the two-dimentional drawing such as leader, floor plan, bar element figure and attribute list, node coordinate table, node serial number figure and steel structure material table and typical node to illustrate, the data layout transmitted therebetween is mainly IFC, DWG/DXF;

The professional data demand being supplied to draft design specialty that needs of this stage structures is: geometric attribute information and constraint, comprise integrally-built axle net size; The annexation of structural elements and mutual alignment relation, comprise its position of positioning relation, absolute altitude, component and section form and size etc. accurately; And the location dimension of each structural elements (coordinate dimension), overall dimensions, point size (linear dimension, Angular Dimension, section radius size) necessary sized; And non-geometric attribute and constraint, comprise the restriction relation of structure function aspect, mainly refer to that the intensity of connecting elements illustrates and structure illustrates, and weldquality requires, the model of bolt and layout, weldering nail are arranged; The requirement of engineering aspect and constraint, the model specification as the trade mark of steel and quality grade, corresponding product standard, structural elements illustrates, the forming mode of steel beam column, installation requirement and coating specification;

Step 3, draft design

The draft design stage, after construction drawing design unit and installation unit tell somebody what one's real intentions are, draft design personnel submit the problem report book in drawing to, and according to the segmentation position of material, equipment requirement determination rod member and processing technology, and then carry out draft design, and work in coordination with clear and definite design of node scheme with construction drawing design side; Complete drawing and self-correcting after being audited by technique, feed back to the check and correction of construction drawing design side, examination & verification also revisions on drawings subsequently;

This step is mainly around building solid model, improving joint structure design, complete Construction of Steel Structure draft design, colliding the contents such as check to improve its information model, and this demands processes each rod member connected node, structure, processing and mounting process details; The software operating platform of main application comprises Tekla Structure, AutoCAD, StruCad, ProSteel, PKPM-STXT, Bocad etc., and the data data format of transfering between downstream is mainly DWG/DXF, NC data and EXCEL.