CN104273324A - Processing process of stipa capillata granules - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a stipa granule processing technology, which comprises the following steps: A. raw material crushing; B. adding binder; C. granulating; D. cooling and drying. The Stipa granules prepared by the invention have moderate hardness, high molding rate, compactness, and smooth surface, which improves the palatability of the Stipa grass, effectively preserves the high protein of the Stipa grass, improves the nutritional level of the feed, and at the same time Stipa grass is made into pellets for easy storage and transportation.

Description

Processing Technology of Stipa Granules

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the field of grass feed processing and relates to a process for processing stipa grass particles.

Background technique:

Stipa is a perennial dense grass with good feeding value. Because Stipa has elongated needles, it will puncture the mouth of cattle and sheep when cattle and sheep eat, resulting in poor palatability of Stipa, and the protein rich in emanous needles cannot be fully utilized, which reduces the feeding value of Stipa; The awn needles can pierce the sheepskin, which reduces the quality of the fur mixed with stipa and causes economic losses to the herdsmen; at the same time, the unformed stipa is not convenient for storage and transportation. Therefore, people attempt to make stipa into grass granules by molding to improve the feeding value of stipa and avoid the decline in fur quality caused by the incorporation of stipa. However, there are some problems in the existing grass granule processing technology, such as raw material crushing size, binder addition amount, granulator die hole diameter, steam pressure adjustment, temperature control and feeding speed are unreasonable, and the cooling time after finally making granules If it is not in place, the obtained grass granules have low hardness, low molding rate, easy to break, and rough surface, which affects the quality of the grass granules.

Invention content:

The object of the present invention is to provide a process for processing stipa grass particles with moderate hardness, high molding rate, compactness and smooth surface.

The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: Stipa granule processing technology, which includes the following steps: A, raw material pulverization; B, adding binder; C, granulation; D, cooling and drying; wherein,

A, raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from heading to maturity, measuring the water content of the stipa grass, pulverizing the stipa grass, and the crushed particle size is 3-8mm;

B. Add binder: add bentonite to the stipa grass fragments, add the bentonite with a mass percentage of 1%-5%, and mix evenly to form granulation raw materials;

C. Granulation: Send the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator, set the vapor pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.25-0.35MPa, and control the water content of the granulation raw material At 16%-22%, the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator is set to 3-8mm, the temperature is 85-93°C, and the feeding speed is 800-1000r/min, and the granulation raw material is made into granules ;

D. Cooling and drying: the granules are sent into a cooler for 6-10 minutes to reduce the water content of the granules to less than 15% by weight, so that the Stipa granules are obtained, and the preparation is completed.

Preferably, the optimal process conditions of the Stipa granule processing technology are: crushing the Stipa grass, the crushing particle size is 6mm; setting the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator to be 6mm, and The water mass percentage of the granular raw material is controlled at 16%-18%, and the bentonite with a mass percentage of 3% is added.

The advantages of the present invention: the Stipa granules prepared by the present invention have moderate hardness, low powder content, compactness and smooth surface, which improves the palatability of Stipa; before preparing the Stipa granules, the crude protein content of the whole Stipa plant 6.56%, the crude protein contained in Stipa Miscanthus is 14.75%, and the crude protein content of Stipa granules prepared from Stipa grass is 7.76%, indicating that making Stipa granules can effectively preserve the needles. The high protein content of thatch grass improves the nutritional level of the feed; at the same time, the needle grass is made into granules for easy storage and transportation.

Detailed ways:

Example 1:

The raw material is natural pasture grass from Dongwu Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. The natural pasture grass is mainly Stipa as the construction species, accounting for 78%; the associated species are Leymus chinensis, accounting for 10%, Mongolian onion, accounting for 2%; 7%; Anemarrhena, 1%; weeds accounted for 2%.

Prepare Stipa granules as follows:

A. Raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from earing to maturity, measuring the water content of stipa grass, and pulverizing the stipa grass with a particle size of 6mm;

B, add binder: add the bentonite that mass percentage composition is 3% to the stipa grass broken section, mix uniformly to form granulation raw material;

C. Granulation: Send the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator, set the vapor pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.25Mpa, and control the water mass percentage of the granulation raw material at 16%-18% , set the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator to be 6mm, the temperature to be 85°C, and the feeding speed to be 800r/min, and the granulation raw material to be made into granules;

D. Cooling and drying: Send the granules into a cooler for 10 minutes to reduce the water content of the granules to less than 15% by weight, and then obtain Stipa granules, and the preparation is completed.

The sensory evaluation grade of Stipa granules prepared according to this procedure and conditions is excellent.

Example 2:

The raw material is natural pasture grass from Dongwu Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. The natural pasture grass is mainly Stipa as the construction species, accounting for 78%; the associated species are Leymus chinensis, accounting for 10%, Mongolian onion, accounting for 2%; 7%; Anemarrhena, 1%; weeds accounted for 2%.

Prepare Stipa granules as follows:

A. Raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from earing to maturity, measuring the water content of stipa grass, and pulverizing the stipa grass with a particle size of 6mm;

B, add binder: add the bentonite that mass percent composition is 5% to the broken section of Stipa grass, mix uniformly to form granulation raw material;

C. Granulation: Send the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator, set the vapor pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.30Mpa, and control the water content of the granulation raw material at 18%-20% , set the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator to be 3mm, the temperature to be 89°C, and the feeding speed to be 900r/min, and the granulation raw materials to be made into granules;

D. Cooling and drying: Send the granules into a cooler for 8 minutes to reduce the water content of the granules to less than 15% to obtain Stipa granules, and the preparation is completed.

The sensory evaluation grade of Stipa granules prepared according to this procedure and conditions is good.

Example 3:

The raw material is natural pasture grass from Dongwu Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. The natural pasture grass is mainly Stipa as the construction species, accounting for 78%; the associated species are Leymus chinensis, accounting for 10%, Mongolian onion, accounting for 2%; 7%; Anemarrhena, 1%; weeds accounted for 2%.

Prepare Stipa granules as follows:

A. Raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from earing to maturity, measuring the water content of stipa grass, and pulverizing the stipa grass with a particle size of 6mm;

B, adding binder: add the bentonite that mass percent is 1% to the stipa grass broken section, mix uniformly to form granulation raw material;

C. Granulation: Send the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator, set the vapor pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.35MPa, and control the water content of the granulation raw material at 20%-22% , the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator is set to 8mm, the temperature is 89°C, and the feeding speed is 1000r/min, and the granulation raw materials are made into granules;

D. Cooling and drying: Send the granules into a cooler for 6 minutes to reduce the water content of the granules to less than 15% to obtain Stipa granules, and the preparation is completed.

The sensory evaluation grade of Stipa granules prepared according to this procedure and conditions is good.

Example 4:

The raw material is natural pasture grass from Dongwu Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. The natural pasture grass is mainly Stipa as the construction species, accounting for 78%; the associated species are Leymus chinensis, accounting for 10%, Mongolian onion, accounting for 2%; 7%; Anemarrhena, 1%; weeds accounted for 2%.

Prepare Stipa granules as follows:

A, raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from earing to maturity, measuring the water content of stipa grass, and pulverizing the stipa grass with a particle size of 3mm;

B, adding binder: add the bentonite that mass percent is 1% to the stipa grass broken section, mix uniformly to form granulation raw material;

C. Granulation: Send the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator, set the steam pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.25MPa, and control the water content of the granulation raw material at 16%-18% , set the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator to be 3mm, the temperature to be 93°C, and the feeding speed to be 1000r/min, and the granulation raw materials to be made into granules;

D. Cooling and drying: Send the granules into a cooler for 6 minutes to reduce the water content of the granules to less than 15% to obtain Stipa granules, and the preparation is completed.

The sensory evaluation grade of Stipa granules prepared according to this procedure and conditions was moderate.

Example 5:

1. Test material:

The raw material is natural pasture grass from Dongwu Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. The natural pasture grass is mainly Stipa as the construction species, accounting for 78%; the associated species are Leymus chinensis, accounting for 10%, Mongolian onion, accounting for 2%; 7%; Anemarrhena, 1%; weeds accounted for 2%.

2. Experimental design

In order to determine the optimum technological conditions for processing stipa granules, four factors were selected for four-factor and three-level orthogonal experiments. The selected factors were crushed particle size, diameter of ring die, moisture content of granulation raw materials, and added amount of bentonite. Table 1 is positive Submit the test factor level table.

Table 1 Selected factors and levels of orthogonal test on Stipa granules

Tab.1 The factors and levels of orthogonal test of stipa grass particles

According to Table 1, the four-factor and three-level orthogonal test table is prepared, and the four-factor and three-level orthogonal test table is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Orthogonal test of four factors and three levels of Stipa granules

Tab.2Orthogonal test on stipa grass particles

According to the processing steps of Stipa granules, Stipa granules were prepared according to the process conditions given in Table 2. The prepared Stipa granules were sampled using a multi-point sampling method, that is, bagging after granulation, sealing, and random and multi-point sampling with an electric sampler. Each of the nine treatment conditions took 100 g, and put them in a ziplock bag for later use. use.

3. Measuring indicators and methods

3.1 Measuring indexes: The following indexes are measured on the Stipa granules prepared by the present invention, and the main measuring indexes include: sensory quality, hardness, density, and molding rate.

3.2 Determination method

3.2.1 Sensory quality evaluation: Based on the sensory evaluation standard of Chinese grass granules, the sensory evaluation test of Stipa granules was carried out. The sensory evaluation criteria are shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3 Sensory Evaluation Criteria for Grass Granules

Tab.3 The sensory evaluation criteria of grass particles

3.2.2 Hardness: This index is measured with a grain hardness meter. Take 30-100 grass particles after cooling and drying, and pick out 20 grass particles with good surface quality, and the length is 1.5-2.0 times its diameter. The crushing force in the diameter direction was measured and then averaged. Its calculation formula is as follows:

Hardness average value (N) = grass particle bearing pressure (P)/sample particle number (n)

3.2.3 Density: Take 3 representative grass particles, grind both ends, weigh the mass of each particle, and measure its length and diameter respectively. Then calculate according to the formula and take its mean value.

X＝4M/(3.14·RD·H)

Wherein, X is the sample density (kg/m ³ ), M is the mass (kg) of a single particle sample, RD is the diameter (m) of a single particle, and H is the length (m) of a single particle.

3.2.4 Forming rate: the ratio of the oversize to the total weight of the sample after one-time forming and grading of the sample per unit mass.

4. Results and Analysis

4.1 Orthogonal test analysis

The molding rate, density and hardness were measured for the nine treatments in the orthogonal test, and the results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Orthogonal test results of four factors and three levels of Stipa granules

Tab.4Orthogonal test result on stipa grass particles

Note: According to the size of the k value in the table, the largest k value is the most suitable level, so that the most suitable treatment combination can be determined.

4.1.1 Forming rate

From the range (R value) of the formation rate of Stipa grass particles in Table 3 of the orthogonal test, it can be seen that the factor that affects the formation rate the most is the crushed particle size, the amount of bentonite and the hole diameter of the ring die rank second and third respectively. The influence of the moisture content of granular raw materials is relatively small. The highest molding rate is treatment 5, and its process conditions are: crushing particle size 6mm, ring die aperture 6mm, granulation raw material moisture content 16%-18%, bentonite addition mass percentage 3%.

4.1.2 Density

From the range value (R value) of the density in Table 3 of the orthogonal test, it can be seen that the main factor affecting the density is the crushed particle size, the moisture content of the granulation raw material and the hole diameter of the ring die rank the second and third respectively. relatively minimal impact. The treatment 7 with the highest density has the process conditions of crushing particle size of 8 mm, ring die aperture of 3 mm, granulation raw material water content of 20%-22% by mass, and bentonite added by mass percentage of 3%.

4.1.3 Hardness

From the range value (R value) of the hardness in Table 3 of the orthogonal test, it can be seen that the crushed particle size is the main factor affecting the hardness, the moisture content of the granulation raw material and the amount of bentonite are ranked second and third respectively, and the aperture diameter of the ring die is relatively minimal impact. The highest hardness is treatment 5, and its technological conditions are as follows: the crushing particle size is 6 mm, the ring die aperture is 6 mm, the water content of the granulation raw material is 20%-22%, and the mass percentage of bentonite is 3%.

4.2 Comprehensive analysis

It can be seen from Table 5 that the primary and secondary order of the influence of the four factors on the molding rate, density and hardness of Stipa grass particles are different, and the results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 The primary and secondary order of the influence of four factors on each index of Stipa granules

Tab.5primary and secondary order of 4factors effecting indexes of stipa grass particles

It can be seen from Table 5 that A is the most influential factor on the three indicators of molding rate, density and hardness of stipa grass particles. The degree of influence of factor C on the density and hardness of stipa granules is basically the same, the degree of influence on the density index is significantly greater than that of factors B and D, and the degree of influence on the hardness index is significantly greater than that of factors B and D; The degree of influence of rate and density is basically the same; the degree of influence of factor D on forming rate index is obviously greater than that of factors B and C. Among these three indicators, the molding rate is the most critical factor to evaluate the molding quality of Stipa granules. Therefore, A _{and 2} are the best for factor A, and the influence of Factor C on the molding quality of Stipa granules is inferior to that of Factor B. Factor B , C respectively take C ₁ and B ₂ as the best. From the molding rate, density and hardness index size, it can be known that _D2 is the most suitable factor D. It can be concluded that the best processing condition of Stipa granules is A ₂ B ₂ C ₁ D ₂ , that is, the crushing particle size is 6mm, the hole diameter of the ring die is 6mm, the water content of the granulation raw material is 16%-18%, and the bentonite is added. The amount is 3%.

4.3 Sensory evaluation

The sensory analysis was performed on the nine treatments of the orthogonal test, and the analysis results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Sensory evaluation results of stipa granules

Tab.6sensory evaluation result of stipa grass particles

It can be seen from Table 6 that the sensory evaluation grade of treatment 5 is excellent, the sensory evaluation grades of treatments 4 and 6 are good, and the sensory evaluation grades of other treatments are medium; Stipa granules are the best when the water content is 16%-18%, and the mass percentage of bentonite is 3%. Stipa granules produced when the content is 18%-20% and the mass percentage of bentonite is 5% -22%, bentonite added mass percentage content of 1%, the production of Stipa granules was second, and the Stipa granules produced by other treatments were medium.

Embodiment 6:

The raw material is natural pasture grass from Dongwu Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. The natural pasture grass is mainly Stipa as the construction species, accounting for 78%; the associated species are Leymus chinensis, accounting for 10%, Mongolian onion, accounting for 2%; 7%; Anemarrhena, 1%; weeds accounted for 2%.

Prepare Stipa granules by process of the present invention, and concrete steps are:

A. Raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from earing to maturity, measuring the water content of stipa grass, and pulverizing the stipa grass with a particle size of 6mm;

B, add binder: add the bentonite that mass percentage composition is 3% to the stipa grass broken section, mix uniformly to form granulation raw material;

C. Granulation: Send the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator, set the vapor pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.25Mpa, and control the water mass percentage of the granulation raw material at 16%-18% , set the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator to be 6mm, the temperature to be 85°C, and the feeding speed to be 800r/min, and the granulation raw material to be made into granules;

D. Cooling and drying: Send the granules into a cooler for 10 minutes to reduce the water content of the granules to less than 15% by weight, and then obtain Stipa granules, and the preparation is completed.

The Stipa granules prepared according to this procedure and conditions have a molding rate of 97.98%, a density of 1109.22kg/m ³ , and a hardness of 159.66N.

The raw material is natural pasture grass from Dongwu Banner of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. The natural pasture grass is mainly Stipa as the construction species, accounting for 78%; the associated species are Leymus chinensis, accounting for 10%, Mongolian onion, accounting for 2%; 7%; Anemarrhena, 1%; weeds accounted for 2%.

Prepare Stipa granules according to the prior art, and the concrete steps are:

A, raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from earing to maturity, measuring the water content of stipa grass, and crushing the stipa grass with a particle size of 8mm;

B. Add binder: the amount of binder added is zero, that is, no binder is added;

C. Granulation: feed the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator to make granules, set the steam pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.25MPa to control the water content of the granulation raw material to 16%-18%, set The diameter of the ring die of the ring die granulator is 6mm, the temperature is 75°C, and the feeding speed is 800r/min;

D. Cooling and drying: send the granules into the cooler for 10 minutes, and pack them into bags for later use.

The Stipa granules prepared according to this procedure and conditions have a molding rate of 75.24%, a density of 783.85kg/m ³ and a hardness of 85.37N.

It can be seen from the above data that the molding rate, density and hardness of the Stipa granules prepared by the present invention are better than those of the Stipa granules prepared by the prior art.

Claims (2)

1. Stipa granule processing technology is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: A, raw material pulverization; B, adding binder; C, granulation; D, cooling and drying; Wherein, A, raw material crushing: unbundling and desilting the natural stipa grass harvested from heading to maturity, measuring the water content of the stipa grass, pulverizing the stipa grass, and the crushed particle size is 3-8mm; B. Add binder: add bentonite to the stipa grass fragments, add the bentonite with a mass percentage of 1%-5%, and mix evenly to form granulation raw materials; C. Granulation: Send the granulation raw material into the ring die granulator, set the vapor pressure of the ring die granulator to 0.25-0.35MPa, and control the water content of the granulation raw material At 16%-22%, the ring die aperture of the ring die granulator is set to 3-8mm, the temperature is 85-93°C, and the feeding speed is 800-1000r/min, and the granulation raw material is made into granules ; D. Cooling and drying: the granules are sent into a cooler for 6-10 minutes to reduce the water content of the granules to less than 15% by weight, so that the Stipa granules are obtained, and the preparation is completed. 2. the Stipa granule processing technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the best process condition of the Stipa granule processing technique is: the Stipa granule is pulverized, and the crushing granularity is 6mm; The hole diameter of the ring die of the ring die granulator is 6mm, the water content of the granulation raw material is controlled at 16%-18%, and the mass percentage of the bentonite is 3%.