CN104267617B - A kind of dynamic load simulation test experiment platform and method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of dynamic load simulation test experiment platform and method of testing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于力学实验技术领域,具体设计一种动态负载模拟测试试验平台及测试方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical experiments and specifically designs a dynamic load simulation test platform and a test method.
背景技术Background technique
负载模拟技术是指在实验室条件下,通过一定的技术手段模拟加载对象的负载力或力矩,是一种新兴的半实物仿真与试验技术。在新产品和新技术的研究与测试中,负载模拟技术克服了必须在实际环境中使用实际的加载对象进行研究的局限性,不仅可以节约试验成本、降低试验风险,而且一些在实际中无法实现的研究方案和系统模型也可以通过半实物的负载模拟平台实现。尤其是在诸如航空航天、海洋工程等一些不易进行在线测试的领域,负载模拟技术就显得更加重要。Load simulation technology refers to simulating the load force or moment of the loading object through certain technical means under laboratory conditions. It is an emerging semi-physical simulation and test technology. In the research and testing of new products and new technologies, load simulation technology overcomes the limitation of using actual loading objects in the actual environment. The research program and system model can also be realized through the hardware-in-the-loop load simulation platform. Especially in some fields such as aerospace and marine engineering, which are not easy to carry out online testing, load simulation technology is even more important.
一个通用的负载模拟系统通常需要能够模拟惯性负载及扭矩负载(包括摩擦负载、常值负载、可变负载等)。中国专利授权公告号为201220233572.0的专利公开了一种模拟负载实验装置,用于对电机和减速机进行测试,该模拟负载试验装置包括从动齿轮、主动齿轮、增速器、惯性轮、被试电机和减速机,该发明能同时模拟惯性负载及扭矩负载,但在试验过程中不能实时且无级调节所施加的负载值。在现有技术中为了实现在试验中调节惯性负载,一般采用改变飞轮盘的数量,通过拆装飞轮盘改变惯性负载,故每次调整惯性负载的操作都非常繁琐,为了简化调整过程,现有技术中也有一些优化。例如,中国专利授权公告号为201120176448.0的专利公开了一种转动惯量调节装置,该装置包括至少一组关节臂、运动块、电动机及主轴,通过电动机对主轴上关节臂及运动块的控制来实现对转动惯量的调节。该装置虽然能实现转动惯量的无级调节,但存在着在高速转动的情况下结构不稳定、关节臂容易折断等问题。中国专利授权公告号为201120198960.5的专利公开了一种扭矩负载模拟器,包括转轴、以及轴承套装在转轴上的摩擦片,通过人工收紧定位杆上的弹性件,改变摩擦片与转轴的摩擦力来产生不同的扭矩负载,该发明不能实现负载的实时调节,并且随着负载模拟器的使用,摩擦片会磨损。在同样收紧量的情况下,扭矩负载会发生改变,故负载模拟精度较低。A general load simulation system usually needs to be able to simulate inertial loads and torque loads (including friction loads, constant loads, variable loads, etc.). The Chinese patent authorization announcement number is 201220233572.0, which discloses a simulated load test device for testing motors and reducers. The simulated load test device includes driven gears, driving gears, speed increasers, inertia wheels, and Motor and reducer, the invention can simulate inertial load and torque load at the same time, but cannot adjust the applied load value in real time and steplessly during the test process. In the prior art, in order to adjust the inertial load in the test, the number of flywheel discs is generally changed, and the inertial load is changed by disassembling the flywheel discs. Therefore, the operation of adjusting the inertial load each time is very cumbersome. In order to simplify the adjustment process, the existing There are also some optimizations in the technology. For example, the patent with the Chinese patent authorization announcement number of 201120176448.0 discloses a moment of inertia adjustment device, which includes at least one set of articulated arms, moving blocks, motors, and a main shaft, and is realized through the control of the motor on the articulated arm and the moving block on the main shaft. Adjustment of moment of inertia. Although the device can realize the stepless adjustment of the moment of inertia, there are problems such as unstable structure and easy breakage of the articulated arm under the condition of high-speed rotation. The Chinese patent authorization announcement number is 201120198960.5, which discloses a torque load simulator, including a rotating shaft and a friction plate with a bearing set on the rotating shaft. The friction between the friction plate and the rotating shaft is changed by manually tightening the elastic member on the positioning rod. To generate different torque loads, this invention cannot achieve real-time adjustment of the load, and with the use of the load simulator, the friction plates will wear out. In the case of the same tightening amount, the torque load will change, so the load simulation accuracy is low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的就是要提供一种能够精确模拟动态惯性负载及动态扭矩负载(包括摩擦负载、常值负载、可变负载等)的试验平台及测试方法。该平台在试验过程中能够对被试对象所受的惯性负载、扭矩负载进行实时测量,并按照预定的目标自动无级调节惯性负载和扭矩负载,试验过程由测控系统闭环控制,故精度高。试验平台飞轮盘结构强度高,稳定性好,可靠性高。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a test platform and test method capable of accurately simulating dynamic inertial loads and dynamic torque loads (including frictional loads, constant loads, variable loads, etc.). During the test, the platform can measure the inertial load and torque load of the tested object in real time, and automatically adjust the inertial load and torque load steplessly according to the predetermined target. The test process is controlled by the closed-loop measurement and control system, so the accuracy is high. The flywheel disc of the test platform has high structural strength, good stability and high reliability.
为了达到上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种动态负载模拟测试试验平台,包括第一扭矩传感器、第一轴承、角度传感器、滑环、飞轮、离合器、第二轴承、第二扭矩传感器、磁粉制动器和测控系统,所述第一扭矩传感器的一端通过第一联轴器连接至试验对象,另一端通过第二联轴器与所述轴的一端连接,所述轴的另一端通过第三联轴器与所述第二扭矩传感器的一端相连,所述第二扭矩传感器的另一端连接至所述磁粉制动器;A dynamic load simulation test platform, comprising a first torque sensor, a first bearing, an angle sensor, a slip ring, a flywheel, a clutch, a second bearing, a second torque sensor, a magnetic powder brake and a measurement and control system, the first torque sensor One end of the shaft is connected to the test object through a first coupling, the other end is connected to one end of the shaft through a second coupling, and the other end of the shaft is connected to one end of the second torque sensor through a third coupling connected, the other end of the second torque sensor is connected to the magnetic powder brake;
所述第一轴承、角度传感器、滑环、飞轮、离合器和第二轴承顺次套装在所述轴上;The first bearing, angle sensor, slip ring, flywheel, clutch and second bearing are sequentially set on the shaft;
所述飞轮轮面上均匀地安装有多个电动直线滑台,每对相互正对着的所述电动直线滑台关于飞轮的中心中心对称;所述电动直线滑台包括靠近飞轮中心设置的电机、滑块和配重块,所述配重块固定在所述滑块上,所述滑块的滑动动作由所述电机驱动;A plurality of electric linear slides are uniformly installed on the wheel surface of the flywheel, and each pair of electric linear slides facing each other is symmetrical about the center of the flywheel; the electric linear slides include a motor arranged near the center of the flywheel , a slider and a counterweight, the counterweight is fixed on the slider, and the sliding action of the slider is driven by the motor;
所述测控系统分别与第一扭矩传感器、第二扭矩传感器、角度传感器和磁粉制动器相连,通过滑环与电动直线滑台的电机相连。The measurement and control system is respectively connected with the first torque sensor, the second torque sensor, the angle sensor and the magnetic powder brake, and is connected with the motor of the electric linear slide table through a slip ring.
优选的,所述多个电动直线滑台的质量中心和飞轮的中心重合。Preferably, the center of mass of the plurality of electric linear slides coincides with the center of the flywheel.
优选的,所述飞轮中心位置开设的中心孔内装有第三轴承,所述第三轴承套在轴上;所述飞轮和离合器之间相对的端部分别布置有一对相啮合的牙;离合器上布置有锁紧螺钉,所述轴上沿远离所述飞轮的方向上依次布置有第一锁紧孔、第二锁紧孔及用于限位的第三挡圈;当所述飞轮与离合器啮合时,所述锁紧螺钉与所述第一锁紧孔对齐;当所述离合器抵靠在第三挡圈上时,所述飞轮与离合器脱开,所述锁紧螺钉与第二锁紧孔对齐。Preferably, a third bearing is installed in the center hole opened at the center of the flywheel, and the third bearing is sleeved on the shaft; a pair of meshing teeth are respectively arranged at the opposite ends between the flywheel and the clutch; A locking screw is arranged, and a first locking hole, a second locking hole and a third retaining ring for limiting are arranged in sequence on the shaft along the direction away from the flywheel; when the flywheel engages with the clutch , the locking screw is aligned with the first locking hole; when the clutch abuts against the third retaining ring, the flywheel is disengaged from the clutch, and the locking screw is aligned with the second locking hole align.
优选的,关于飞轮中心对称安装的配重块的质量相同。Preferably, the weights installed symmetrically about the center of the flywheel have the same mass.
优选的,所述电动直线滑台为滚珠丝杠电动滑台,所述电机为伺服电机,其带动滚珠丝杠旋转,所述滚珠丝杠带动滑块移动。Preferably, the electric linear slide table is a ball screw electric slide table, the motor is a servo motor, which drives the ball screw to rotate, and the ball screw drives the slider to move.
优选的,所述飞轮还包括基盘,所述基盘上关于飞轮的中心中心对称地开设有孔洞,以减少所述基盘的转动惯量。Preferably, the flywheel further includes a base plate, and holes are symmetrically opened on the base plate with respect to the center of the flywheel, so as to reduce the moment of inertia of the base plate.
所述飞轮上的电动直线滑台的导线与轴上的滑环连接,保证电动直线滑台上电机的导线在旋转时不会缠绕在一起。滑环安装在轴上。The wires of the electric linear slide on the flywheel are connected with the slip ring on the shaft to ensure that the wires of the motor on the electric linear slide will not be entangled when rotating. A slip ring is mounted on the shaft.
优选的,所述角度传感器选用圆磁栅。Preferably, the angle sensor is a circular magnetic grating.
优选的,所述第一联轴器、第二联轴及第三联轴器,选用单膜片联轴器。Preferably, the first coupling, the second coupling and the third coupling are single diaphragm couplings.
优选的,所述轴承、轴承,选用深沟球轴承。Preferably, the bearings and bearings are deep groove ball bearings.
优选的,所述第三轴承选用滚针轴承。Preferably, the third bearing is a needle bearing.
作为一种改进方式,根据实际需要,飞轮上可布置2、4、6、8等偶数对电动直线滑台。As an improvement, according to actual needs, 2, 4, 6, 8 and other even-numbered pairs of electric linear slides can be arranged on the flywheel.
作为一种改进方式,基盘可以采用正多边形钢板或铝板,例如正方形,正六边形,正八边形等,中间可对称镂空以减少基盘的转动惯量。As an improvement, the base plate can be made of regular polygonal steel plate or aluminum plate, such as square, regular hexagon, regular octagon, etc., and the middle can be symmetrically hollowed out to reduce the moment of inertia of the base plate.
作为一种改进方式,所述配重块可根据不同的试验更换不同质量的配重块。As an improvement, the counterweights can be replaced with counterweights of different masses according to different tests.
本发明可以同时模拟动态惯性负载及动态扭矩负载(包括摩擦负载、常值负载、可变负载等)多种负载形式,也可以模拟其中任意一种负载。在模拟过程中,可实时测试被试对象的扭矩、转角、转速及角加速度,并对惯性负载及扭矩负载进行实时、精确的调节,提高了动态负载模拟精度。The present invention can simulate multiple load forms of dynamic inertia load and dynamic torque load (including friction load, constant value load, variable load, etc.) at the same time, and can also simulate any one of them. During the simulation process, the torque, rotation angle, speed and angular acceleration of the tested object can be tested in real time, and the inertial load and torque load can be adjusted in real time and accurately, which improves the accuracy of dynamic load simulation.
一种动态负载模拟测试方法,包括以下步骤:A dynamic load simulation test method, comprising the following steps:
(a)测试系统根据被测对象的特性,建立动态惯性负载J随时间t的函数J=FJ(t)及动态扭矩负载T随时间t的函数T=FT(t),函数可以是方程形式也可以是参数表形式。(a) The test system establishes the function J=F J (t) of dynamic inertial load J over time t and the function T=F T (t) of dynamic torque load T over time t according to the characteristics of the measured object, and the function can be The equation form can also be a parameter table form.
(b)启动被试对象,测控系统不断读取第一扭矩传感器的输出值T1、第二扭矩传感器的输出值T2和角度传感器的输出值θ。则在某一时刻ti,磁粉制动器产生的扭矩负载Ti=T2,飞轮产生的惯性负载
(c)将所测得的惯性负载Ji、扭矩负载Ti与步骤(a)中建立的关系函数对比,计算出ti时刻惯性负载偏差eJi=FJ(ti)-Ji及扭矩负载偏差eTi=FT(ti)-Ti,然后通过PID算法计算下一时刻电动直线滑台及磁粉制动器的输出值,并分别控制其动作。(c) Comparing the measured inertial load J i and torque load T i with the relationship function established in step (a), calculate the inertial load deviation e Ji = F J (t i )-J i and Torque load deviation e Ti = F T (t i )-T i , and then calculate the output values of the electric linear slide table and magnetic powder brake at the next moment through the PID algorithm, and control their actions respectively.
(d)根据用户输入,判断是否停止实验,如果是则停止实验,否则返回执行步骤(b)。(d) According to the user input, judge whether to stop the experiment, if so, stop the experiment, otherwise return to step (b).
对于上述方法,优选的,也可建立动态惯性负载J随转角θ的函数J=FJ(θ)及动态扭矩负载T随转角θ的函数T=FT(θ)。For the above method, preferably, the function J=F J (θ) of the dynamic inertia load J with the rotation angle θ and the function T=F T (θ) of the dynamic torque load T with the rotation angle θ can also be established.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种动态负载模拟测试试验平台的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic load simulation test platform.
图2为飞轮的示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the flywheel.
图3为飞轮组件局部放大图。Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the flywheel assembly.
图4为负载模拟测试方法流程图。Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a load simulation test method.
图中,1-试验对象,2-第一联轴器,3-第一扭矩传感器,4-第二联轴器,5-第一轴承,6-角度传感器,7-滑环,8-飞轮,9-第三轴承,10-轴,11-离合器12-第二轴承,13-第三联轴器,14-第二扭矩传感器,15-磁粉制动器,16-测控系统,8-1-电动直线滑台,8-2-配重块,8-3-基盘,17-端盖,18-锁紧螺钉,19-第一挡圈,20-第二挡圈,21-第三挡圈,22-支架。In the figure, 1-test object, 2-first coupling, 3-first torque sensor, 4-second coupling, 5-first bearing, 6-angle sensor, 7-slip ring, 8-flywheel , 9-third bearing, 10-shaft, 11-clutch, 12-second bearing, 13-third coupling, 14-second torque sensor, 15-magnetic powder brake, 16-measurement and control system, 8-1-electric Linear slide table, 8-2-counterweight, 8-3-base plate, 17-end cover, 18-lock screw, 19-first retaining ring, 20-second retaining ring, 21-third retaining ring , 22-bracket.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的和技术方案更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
本技术领域技术人员可以理解,除非另外定义,这里使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)具有与本发明所属领域中的普通技术人员的一般理解相同的意义。还应该理解的是,诸如通用字典中定义的那些术语应该被理解为具有与现有技术的上下文中的意义一致的意义,并且除非像这里一样定义,不会用理想化或过于正式的含义来解释。Those skilled in the art can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein Explanation.
本发明中所述的“和/或”的含义指的是各自单独存在或两者同时存在的情况均包括在内。The meaning of "and/or" in the present invention means that each exists alone or both are included.
本发明中所述的“内、外”的含义指的是相对于设备本身而言,指向设备内部的方向为内,反之为外,而非对本发明的装置机构的特定限定。The meanings of "inside and outside" in the present invention refer to that relative to the device itself, the direction pointing to the inside of the device is inward, and vice versa, it is not a specific limitation to the device mechanism of the present invention.
本发明中所述的“左、右”的含义指的是阅读者正对附图时,阅读者的左边即为左,阅读者的右边即为右,而非对本发明的装置机构的特定限定。The meaning of "left and right" mentioned in the present invention means that when the reader is facing the drawings, the left side of the reader is the left, and the right side of the reader is the right, rather than a specific limitation to the device mechanism of the present invention .
本发明中所述的“连接”的含义可以是部件之间的直接连接也可以是部件间通过其它部件的间接连接。The meaning of "connection" in the present invention may be a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components through other components.
如图1所示,本发明提供一种动态负载模拟测试试验平台,主要由第一扭矩传感器3、第一轴承5、角度传感器6、滑环7、飞轮8、离合器11、第二轴承12、第二扭矩传感器14,磁粉制动器15、测控系统16组成。所述第一扭矩传感器3的一端通过第一联轴器2连接至试验对象1,另一端通过第二联轴器4与所述轴10的一端连接,所述轴10的另一端通过第三联轴器13与所述第二扭矩传感器14的一端相连,所述第二扭矩传感器14的另一端连接至所述磁粉制动器15;所述第一轴承5、角度传感器6、滑环7、飞轮8、离合器11和第二轴承12顺次套装在所述轴10上;如图2所示,所述飞轮8轮面上均匀地安装有多个电动直线滑台8-1,每对相互正对着的所述电动直线滑台8-1关于飞轮8的中心中心对称;所述电动直线滑台8-1包括靠近飞轮8中心设置的电机、滑块和配重块8-2,所述配重块8-2固定在所述滑块上,所述滑块的滑动动作由所述电机驱动;所述测控系统16分别与第一扭矩传感器3、第二扭矩传感器14、角度传感器6和磁粉制动器15相连,通过滑环7与电动直线滑台8-1的电机相连。所述多个电动直线滑台8-1的质量中心和飞轮8的中心重合。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of dynamic load simulation test platform, mainly by first torque sensor 3, first bearing 5, angle sensor 6, slip ring 7, flywheel 8, clutch 11, second bearing 12, The second torque sensor 14, the magnetic powder brake 15, and the measurement and control system 16 are composed. One end of the first torque sensor 3 is connected to the test object 1 through the first coupling 2, the other end is connected to one end of the shaft 10 through the second coupling 4, and the other end of the shaft 10 is connected through the third Coupling 13 is connected with one end of described second torque sensor 14, and the other end of described second torque sensor 14 is connected with described magnetic powder brake 15; Described first bearing 5, angle sensor 6, slip ring 7, flywheel 8. The clutch 11 and the second bearing 12 are sequentially set on the shaft 10; as shown in Figure 2, a plurality of electric linear slides 8-1 are evenly installed on the wheel surface of the flywheel 8, and each pair is opposite to each other. The opposite described electric linear slide table 8-1 is symmetrical about the center of the flywheel 8; the electric linear slide table 8-1 includes a motor, a slide block and a counterweight 8-2 arranged near the center of the flywheel 8, and the The counterweight 8-2 is fixed on the slider, and the sliding action of the slider is driven by the motor; the measurement and control system 16 is respectively connected with the first torque sensor 3, the second torque sensor 14, the angle sensor 6 and the Magnetic powder brake 15 links to each other, links to each other with the motor of electric linear slide table 8-1 by slip ring 7. The centers of mass of the plurality of electric linear slides 8-1 coincide with the centers of the flywheel 8.
如图3所示,所述飞轮8中心位置开设的中心孔内装有第三轴承9,所述第三轴承9套在轴10上;所述飞轮8和离合器11之间相对的端部分别布置有一对相啮合的牙;离合器11上布置有锁紧螺钉18,所述轴10上沿远离所述飞轮8的方向上依次布置有第一锁紧孔、第二锁紧孔及用于限位的第三挡圈21;当所述飞轮8与离合器11啮合时,所述锁紧螺钉18与所述第一锁紧孔对齐;当所述离合器11抵靠在第三挡圈21上时,所述飞轮8与离合器11脱开,所述锁紧螺钉18与第二锁紧孔对齐。关于飞轮8中心对称安装的配重块的质量相同。所述电动直线滑台8-1为滚珠丝杠电动滑台,所述电机为伺服电机,其带动滚珠丝杠旋转,所述滚珠丝杠带动滑块移动。所述飞轮8还包括基盘8-3,所述基盘8-3上关于飞轮8的中心中心对称地开设有孔洞,以减少所述基盘8-3的转动惯量。As shown in Figure 3, a third bearing 9 is installed in the center hole provided at the center of the flywheel 8, and the third bearing 9 is sleeved on the shaft 10; the opposite ends between the flywheel 8 and the clutch 11 are respectively arranged There are a pair of meshing teeth; a locking screw 18 is arranged on the clutch 11, and a first locking hole, a second locking hole and a position-limiting hole are sequentially arranged on the shaft 10 along the direction away from the flywheel 8. The third retaining ring 21; when the flywheel 8 is engaged with the clutch 11, the locking screw 18 is aligned with the first locking hole; when the clutch 11 abuts against the third retaining ring 21, The flywheel 8 is disengaged from the clutch 11, and the locking screw 18 is aligned with the second locking hole. The counterweights mounted symmetrically about the center of the flywheel 8 have the same mass. The electric linear slide 8-1 is a ball screw electric slide, the motor is a servo motor, which drives the ball screw to rotate, and the ball screw drives the slider to move. The flywheel 8 also includes a base plate 8-3, and holes are symmetrically opened on the base plate 8-3 with respect to the center of the flywheel 8, so as to reduce the moment of inertia of the base plate 8-3.
为了保证电动直线滑台8-1上电机上的导线在旋转时不会缠绕在一起,轴10上安装滑环7,滑环7止转片固定在支架上,滑环7法兰固定在端盖17上。导线连接滑环7转子边,在飞轮8旋转时,定子出线不随之转动。In order to ensure that the wires on the motor on the electric linear slide table 8-1 will not be entangled when rotating, a slip ring 7 is installed on the shaft 10, the anti-rotation piece of the slip ring 7 is fixed on the bracket, and the flange of the slip ring 7 is fixed on the end. Cover 17. The lead is connected to the rotor side of the slip ring 7, and when the flywheel 8 rotates, the stator outlet does not rotate thereupon.
具体的,在试验过程中,测控系统16、第一扭矩传感器3、角度传感器6、第二扭矩传感器14、磁粉制动器15、电动直线滑台8-1构成闭环回路。Specifically, during the test, the measurement and control system 16, the first torque sensor 3, the angle sensor 6, the second torque sensor 14, the magnetic powder brake 15, and the electric linear slide 8-1 constitute a closed loop.
参阅图4,其是本发明负载模拟测试方法的模拟图。所述负载模拟测试方法具体包括如下步骤:Referring to FIG. 4 , it is a simulation diagram of the load simulation test method of the present invention. Described load simulation test method specifically comprises the steps:
测试系统根据被测对象的特性,建立动态惯性负载J随时间t的函数J=FJ(t)及动态扭矩负载T随时间t的函数T=FT(t),函数可以是方程形式也可以是参数表形式。The test system establishes the function J=F J (t) of the dynamic inertia load J over time t and the function T=F T (t) of the dynamic torque load T over time t according to the characteristics of the measured object. The function can be in the form of an equation or Can be in the form of a parameter list.
(b)启动被试对象1,测控系统不断读取第一扭矩传感器3的输出值T1、第二扭矩传感器14的输出值T2和角度传感器6的输出值θ。则在某一时刻ti,磁粉制动器15产生的扭矩负载Ti=T2,飞轮(8)产生的惯性负载 (b) Start the subject 1, and the measurement and control system continuously reads the output value T 1 of the first torque sensor 3 , the output value T 2 of the second torque sensor 14 and the output value θ of the angle sensor 6 . Then at a certain moment t i , the torque load T i =T 2 generated by the magnetic powder brake 15, and the inertial load generated by the flywheel (8)
(c)将所测得的惯性负载Ji、扭矩负载Ti与步骤(a)中建立的关系函数对比,计算出ti时刻惯性负载偏差eJi=FJ(ti)-Ji及扭矩负载偏差eTi=FT(ti)-Ti,然后通过PID算法计算下一时刻电动直线滑台8-1的输出值,并分别控制其动作。第ti时刻电动直线滑台8-1的输出值ΔFJi(ti)由下式计算:(c) Comparing the measured inertial load J i and torque load T i with the relationship function established in step (a), calculate the inertial load deviation e Ji = F J (t i )-J i and Torque load deviation e Ti = FT (t i )-T i , and then calculate the output value of the electric linear slide 8-1 at the next moment through the PID algorithm, and control their actions respectively. The output value ΔF Ji (t i ) of the electric linear slide 8-1 at the moment t i is calculated by the following formula:
ΔFJi(ti)=kJp(eJi-eJi-1)+kJIeJi+kJD(eJi-2eJi-1+eJi-2)ΔF Ji (t i )=k Jp (e Ji -e Ji-1 )+k JI e Ji +k JD (e Ji -2e Ji-1 +e Ji-2 )
eJi、eJi-1、eJi-2:分别是动态惯性负载输入与设定值之间的第ti时刻、第ti-1时刻、第ti-2时刻采样偏差值;e Ji , e Ji-1 , e Ji-2 : the sampling deviation values between the dynamic inertial load input and the set value at the t i time, the t i-1 time, and the t i-2 time respectively;
kJP:动态惯性负载的比例系数;k JP : proportional coefficient of dynamic inertial load;
kJI:动态惯性负载的积分系数;k JI : integral coefficient of dynamic inertial load;
kJD:动态惯性负载的微分系数。k JD : Differential coefficient of dynamic inertial load.
通过PID算法计算ti时刻磁粉制动器15的输出值,并控制其动作。第ti时刻磁粉制动器15的输出值FTi(ti)由下式计算:The output value of the magnetic powder brake 15 at time t i is calculated by the PID algorithm, and its action is controlled. The output value F Ti (t i ) of the magnetic powder brake 15 at time t i is calculated by the following formula:
FTi(ti)=FTi-1(ti-1)+kTp(eTi-eTi-1)+kTIeTi+kTD(eTi-2eTi-1+eTi-2)F Ti (t i )=F Ti-1 (t i-1 )+k Tp (e Ti -e Ti-1 )+k TI e Ti +k TD (e Ti -2e Ti-1 +e Ti-2 )
FTi(ti):磁粉制动器第ti时刻的输出值。F Ti (t i ): the output value of the magnetic powder brake at the time t i .
FTi-1(ti-1):磁粉制动器第ti-1时刻的输出值。F Ti-1 (t i-1 ): the output value of the magnetic powder brake at the t i-1th moment.
eTi、eTi-1、eTi-2:分别是动态扭矩负载输入与设定值之间的第ti时刻、第ti-1时刻、第ti-2时刻采样偏差值。e Ti , e Ti-1 , e Ti-2 : respectively, the sampling deviation values at the t i th time, the t i-1 th time, and the t i-2 th time between the dynamic torque load input and the set value.
kTP:动态扭矩负载的比例系数。k TP : proportionality factor for dynamic torque load.
kTI:动态扭矩负载的积分系数。k TI : Integral coefficient of dynamic torque load.
kTD:动态扭矩负载的微分系数。k TD : Differential coefficient for dynamic torque load.
(d)根据用户输入,判断是否停止实验,如果是则停止实验,否则返回执行步骤(b)。(d) According to the user input, judge whether to stop the experiment, if so, stop the experiment, otherwise return to step (b).
作为负载模拟测试方法的另一实施例,如下:As another embodiment of the load simulation test method, it is as follows:
(a)也可建立动态惯性负载J随转角θ的函数J=FJ(θ)及动态扭矩负载T随转角θ的函数T=FT(θ)。(a) It is also possible to establish the function J=F J (θ) of the dynamic inertia load J with the rotation angle θ and the function T=F T (θ) of the dynamic torque load T with the rotation angle θ.
(b)启动被试对象1,测控系统不断读取第一扭矩传感器3的输出值T1、第二扭矩传感器14的输出值T2和角度传感器6的输出值θ。则在某一转角θi,磁粉制动器15产生的扭矩负载Ti=T2,飞轮8产生的惯性负载 (b) Start the subject 1, and the measurement and control system continuously reads the output value T 1 of the first torque sensor 3 , the output value T 2 of the second torque sensor 14 and the output value θ of the angle sensor 6 . Then at a certain rotation angle θ i , the torque load Ti = T 2 generated by the magnetic powder brake 15, and the inertial load generated by the flywheel 8
(c)将所测得的惯性负载Ji、扭矩负载Ti与步骤(a)中建立的关系函数对比,计算出θi转角时惯性负载偏差eJi=FJ(θi)-Ji及扭矩负载偏差eTi=FT(θi)-Ti,然后通过PID算法计算下一转角时电动直线滑台8-1及磁粉制动器15的输出值,并分别控制其动作。第θi转角时电动直线滑台8-1的输出值ΔFJi(θi)由下式计算:(c) Compare the measured inertial load J i and torque load T i with the relationship function established in step (a), and calculate the inertial load deviation e Ji = F J (θ i )-J i at the θ i rotation angle and torque load deviation e Ti =FT (θ i ) -T i , then calculate the output values of the electric linear slide table 8-1 and the magnetic powder brake 15 at the next corner through the PID algorithm, and control their actions respectively. The output value ΔF Ji (θ i ) of the electric linear slide table 8-1 at the θ i -th corner is calculated by the following formula:
ΔFJi(θi)=kJp(eJi-eJi-1)+kJIeJi+kJD(eJi-2eJi-1+eJi-2)ΔF Ji (θ i )=k Jp (e Ji -e Ji-1 )+k JI e Ji +k JD (e Ji -2e Ji-1 +e Ji-2 )
eJi、eJi-1、eJi-2:分别是动态惯性负载输入与设定值之间的第θi转角、第θi-1转角、第θi-2转角采样偏差值。e Ji , e Ji-1 , e Ji-2 : respectively, the sampling deviation values of the θ i- th rotation angle, the θ i-1- th rotation angle, and the θ i-2 -th rotation angle between the dynamic inertial load input and the set value.
kJP:动态惯性负载的比例系数。k JP : proportionality factor of dynamic inertial load.
kJI:动态惯性负载的积分系数。k JI : Integral coefficient of dynamic inertial load.
kJD:动态惯性负载的微分系数。k JD : Differential coefficient of dynamic inertial load.
通过PID算法计算θi转角磁粉制动器15的输出值,并控制其动作。第θi转角磁粉制动器15的输出值FTi(θi)由下式计算:Calculate the output value of the θ i rotation angle magnetic powder brake 15 through the PID algorithm, and control its action. The output value F Ti (θ i ) of the magnetic powder brake 15 at the θ i rotation angle is calculated by the following formula:
FTi(θi)=FTi-1(θi-1)+kTp(eTi-eTi-1)+kTIeTi+kTD(eTi-2eTi-1+eTi-2)F Ti (θ i )=F Ti-1 (θ i-1 )+k Tp (e Ti -e Ti-1 )+k TI e Ti +k TD (e Ti -2e Ti-1 +e Ti-2 )
FTi(θi):动态扭矩负载θi转角时的输出值。F Ti (θ i ): the output value when the dynamic torque load θ i rotates.
FTi-1(θi-1):动态扭矩负载θi-1转角时的输出值。F Ti-1 (θ i-1 ): the output value at the dynamic torque load θ i-1 rotation angle.
eTi、eTi-1、eTi-2:分别是动态扭矩负载输入与设定值之间的第θi转角、第θi-1转角、第θi-2转角采样偏差值。e Ti , e Ti-1 , e Ti-2 : respectively, the sampling deviation values of the θ i- th rotation angle, the θ i-1- th rotation angle, and the θ i-2 -th rotation angle between the dynamic torque load input and the set value.
kTP:动态扭矩负载的比例系数。k TP : proportionality factor for dynamic torque load.
kTI:动态扭矩负载的积分系数。k TI : Integral coefficient of dynamic torque load.
kTD:动态扭矩负载的微分系数。k TD : Differential coefficient for dynamic torque load.
(d)根据用户输入,判断是否停止实验,如果是则停止实验,否则返回执行步骤(b)。(d) According to the user input, judge whether to stop the experiment, if so, stop the experiment, otherwise return to step (b).
本实施例中当轴10与飞轮8之间的离合器11分离时,飞轮8不随轴10转动。此时动态负载模拟测试实验平台只对被试对象1施加扭矩负载。In this embodiment, when the clutch 11 between the shaft 10 and the flywheel 8 is disengaged, the flywheel 8 does not rotate with the shaft 10 . At this time, the dynamic load simulation test platform only applies torque load to the test object 1.
本实施例中当轴10与飞轮8之间的离合器11啮合,并调节磁粉制动器15制动力矩为零,此时动态负载模拟测试实验平台只对被试对象1施加惯性负载。In this embodiment, when the clutch 11 between the shaft 10 and the flywheel 8 is engaged, and the braking torque of the magnetic powder brake 15 is adjusted to be zero, the dynamic load simulation test platform only applies an inertial load to the subject 1.
以上仅为本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些均属于本发明的保护范围。The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN103630319A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Impact test table based on axial loading of wind power high-speed shaft bearing |
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