CN104255190B - Vehicle-mounted Anti-loss efficient scutching device of cotton fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted anti-loss efficient scutching device of cotton fibers and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The vehicle-mounted anti-loss efficient scutching device comprises a first-grade pin roll, a second-grade pin roll and a third-grade pin roll. An upper brush, a middle brush, a lower brush and patting rods distributed at intervals are arranged on one side of the scutching device. An upper brush roll is installed below the first-grade pin roll, a lower brush roll with brush hair contacting the lower brush roll and the outer circle of the third-grade pin roll is installed below the second-grade pin roll, and an arc barrier is arranged on the lower side of the third-grade pin roll. A cotton collection runner for conveying airflow from bottom to top is arranged in a casing on one side far away from the patting rods, and an upper suction port and a lower suction port are formed on the cotton collection runner. The bottom of the cotton collection runner is connected with an air outlet of a cotton conveying fan. The vehicle-mounted anti-loss efficient scutching device achieves three-grade reasonable impurity clearing of seed cotton according to the proportion, thereby avoiding repeated clearing, remarkably reducing damage of cotton fibers, improving the impurity clearing effect and making the impurity rate to be lower than 10%; meanwhile strengthens the recycle effect and greatly reduces seed cotton loss.

Description

An Airborne Cotton Fiber Loss Suppression and Efficient Cotton Cleaning Device

technical field

The invention relates to a device for cleaning impurities in cotton, in particular to an airborne cotton fiber damage suppression and high-efficiency cleaning device, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

Cotton harvesters can be divided into two types according to the harvesting method: one is a selective harvester, and the other is a unified harvester. Harvesters are further divided into large spindle picking and small air suction. The air-suction type is only suitable for a family of small-area growers, and the promotion value is not high, and almost no one uses it. Due to the high cost of large-scale picking spindles, the high cost of use and maintenance limits its application range. It is only used when economic conditions permit. The Xinjiang Corps with a large cotton planting area is widely used, and the local use is less. The unified harvester has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and good agronomic adaptability. But its biggest disadvantage is its high impurity content, which restricts its popularization and application.

In addition to the high impurity content of machine-picked cotton, fiber damage is the biggest focus of attention. The on-board cleaning device is the main part of the fiber damage caused by the combined machine.

The existing airborne cleaning devices mainly include three types: spike type, sawtooth type and mixed type. Among them, the sawtooth type is most commonly used because of its compact structure and better cleaning effect. At present, the two-stage sawtooth roller structure is used. This structure is not only 1) the separation of seed cotton in the upper part of the cleaning device is not complete, and the seed cotton is easily discharged directly from the waste discharge port, which will block the waste discharge port while causing cotton loss and affect the separation of fine waste. ; 2) Part of the cotton branches directly enter the cotton collection box without being cleaned by the second-level toothed roller, which increases the impurity rate; especially 3) There are defects in the setting of the two-stage sawtooth roller, which may easily cause cotton to be repeatedly hooked and damaged. flower phenomenon.

The Chinese invention patent with the patent number 201210014731.2 proposes an airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device. The device includes a vertical channel with an input port in the middle of one side, a honeycomb box with honeycomb holes on the side wall is installed on the top of the vertical channel, and the upper and lower stages supported in the lower casing are installed on the lower part of the vertical channel. Geared rollers, upper and lower brushes extending radially toward the upper geared rollers and lower geared rollers are respectively installed on the lower end of the vertical channel on the same side as the input port and the lower housing, and the upper and lower geared rollers are installed along the side of the corresponding input port. There are beating rods distributed at intervals in the circular arc track, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a cotton collecting flow channel for conveying airflow from bottom to top. The middle part of the cotton collecting flow channel is opened with a suction port on the opposite side of the upper gear roller and the beating rod. The flow channel is located on the opposite side of the input port and has a return port lower than the input port, and the return port extends out of the vertical flow channel to form an inclined upward shunt channel. In this way, the seed cotton can be avoided from being blown out from the miscellaneous outlet, and the short-circuiting of impurities can directly enter the cotton collecting box, effectively reducing the impurity content.

Practice has proved that the device is effective in solving incomplete separation of seed cotton, clogging of the miscellaneous outlet and improving the cleaning efficiency. However, the impurity rate is difficult to reduce, and the impurity loss rate is too high; the impurity removal process has to be repeated, so it is easy to damage the cotton fiber. In addition, there are also problems such as poor cleaning effect of cotton stalks, easy to cause blockage and affect normal operation, and discharge of micro impurities into the air, which easily causes secondary pollution of seed cotton.

Contents of the invention

The primary purpose of the present invention is to: aim at the shortcomings of the above prior art, to propose an airborne cotton fiber damage-suppressing and high-efficiency cleaning device that can ensure that the cleaning is up to standard even if the cotton processing capacity is large, so as to ensure the cleaning efficiency. At the same time, it effectively inhibits cotton fiber damage on the surface.

The further object of the present invention is to provide an airborne cotton fiber suppression and high-efficiency cleaning device that not only has a good cleaning effect on cotton stalks, but also can avoid secondary pollution of seed cotton.

In order to achieve the above primary purpose, the basic structure of the airborne cotton fiber loss suppression and high-efficiency cleaning device of the present invention is: a toothed roller arranged in a housing forming a vertical passage (9), characterized in that: the toothed roller includes a support The first-stage toothed roller (10) below the central entrance of the upper end of the casing, the second-stage toothed roller (14) supported in the middle of the casing, and the third-stage toothed roller (19) supported in the lower part of the casing, the first-stage toothed roller The upper brush (7), the middle brush (3) and the lower brush (2) are respectively installed on one side of the secondary toothed roller and the tertiary toothed roller, and are distributed along the arc track concentric with the corresponding toothed roller. Beating bar, the upper brush roller (13) with bristles in contact with its outer circle is installed under the first-level toothed roller, and the upper brush roller (13) with bristles in contact with the outer circle of the second-level toothed roller and the third-level toothed roller is installed under the second-level toothed roller. The lower brush roller, the lower side of the three-stage toothed roller is equipped with an arc-shaped grille, and the side of the shell far away from the beating bar is provided with a cotton collecting flow channel for conveying air from bottom to top, and the cotton collecting flow channel has a The upper suction outlet (12) between the first-level toothed roller and the upper brush roller and the lower suction outlet (16) between the second-level toothed roller and the lower brush roller; The air outlet of cotton fan (18) links to each other.

In this way, when the cotton conveying fan operates to generate air flow in the cotton collecting channel, the upper and lower suction outlets will generate cotton conveying air pressure, so that the seed cotton to be cleaned enters the vertical passage from the inlet. Afterwards, the primary, secondary and tertiary toothed rollers with independent brush rollers can complete about 60%, 30% and 10% of the cleaning work step by step, realizing the three-level reasonable ratio of cleaning of seed cotton, so that Avoid repeated cleaning, significantly reduce cotton fiber damage, improve the effect of cleaning impurities, and the rate of impurities can be lower than 10%; at the same time, the recovery effect is strengthened, which greatly reduces the loss of seed cotton.

In order to achieve a further purpose, a branch and stalk cleaning mechanism is installed on one side of the upper end of the housing, and the branch and stalk cleaning mechanism includes a conveying channel that is inclined from low to high to convey cotton, and the inner arrangement of the conveying channel is from low to high. The at least two nailing rollers (5) that are connected, the nailing rollers are made of rotatable roller bodies and radially extending nails distributed on the roller body at intervals; the lowest level of nailing rollers is far away from other nailing rollers One side is tangentially provided with the input port of the conveying channel with the opening facing downward, and a miscellaneous discharge port (1) is provided directly below; the side of the highest-level nailing roller away from other nailing rollers is provided with the opening facing downward through the horizontal extension of the conveying channel The output port of the output port; between the input port and the output port, there are stalk grids (6) that form a semi-surrounding nail roller at each level, and the stalk grids at all levels are respectively fixed on the brackets and intervals that constitute the edge frame. The bracket is composed of a strip-shaped flapping grid parallel to the axis of the nailing roller and an arc-shaped grid concentric with the nailing roller, and the adjacent stalk grids are connected by smooth transition angle plates.

When working, the seed cotton is conveyed from the input port into the conveying channel of the stalk cleaning mechanism. The spike roller rotates under the drive of the external power device, and the cotton stalk is inserted into the gap between the spike roller and the stalk grid and broken, and the spike is turned to drive During the feeding process of the seed cotton, it moves relative to the beating grid, which produces a beating effect, so that the impurities in the seed cotton, especially the broken cotton stalks, leak out from the gap of the arc-shaped grid, and fall to the miscellaneous discharge port under the action of its gravity drop. After being slapped by multi-stage nail rollers, the micro impurities and stalks are basically discharged, while the evenly dispersed seed cotton is output from the output port to the subsequent vertical channel entrance for cleaning according to the ratio. In this way, the cotton stalks are effectively removed in advance, not only with the loosening effect of the thorns and the beating effect of the stalk grid, but also combined with the cotton transport airflow and centrifugal effect, the cotton stalks and cotton leaves are skillfully separated and arranged side by side. The ground cotton avoids secondary pollution, and helps to keep the cotton fiber in a non-damaged state, improving the efficiency and quality of cleaning.

A further improvement of the present invention is that a trash removal comb (11) with comb teeth facing the outer circle of the first-stage toothed roller is installed under the beating bar at the first-stage toothed roller. After the seed cotton is processed by the first-level toothed roller, some unseparated large impurities can be combed by the waste removal comb, and the seed cotton that has been removed will naturally transition to the second-level toothed roller for further cleaning.

A further improvement of the present invention is that a row guide plate (15) is installed between the second-stage toothed roller and the third-stage toothed roller, and the row guide plate has comb teeth facing the second-stage toothed roller and a knife edge facing the third-stage toothed roller . After the seed cotton is processed by the second-stage toothed roller, some of the unseparated large impurities can be combed by the comb of the guide plate, and then naturally transition to the third-stage toothed roller for further cleaning; at the same time, the seed cotton brushed by the third-stage toothed roller is on the edge of the guide plate Under the action, it is guided to the second-stage toothed roller, and with the rotation of the second-stage toothed roller, it reaches the negative pressure area near the lower suction port, and is output to the cotton collection flow channel under the action of the fan to avoid the formation of seed cotton due to repeated hooking and fiber damage. Broken flowers.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an embodiment of the utility model in use.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the nailing roller in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the stalk grid in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4 .

Figure 1 includes: miscellaneous discharge port 1, lower brush 2, middle brush 3, input port 4, spike roller 5, stalk grid 6, upper brush 7, beating rod 8, vertical channel 9, first-level Toothed roller 10, miscellaneous comb 11, upper suction outlet 12, upper brush roller 13, second-level toothed roller 14, row guide plate 15, lower suction outlet 16, cotton collecting flow channel 17, cotton conveying fan 18, third-level gear roll 19.

detailed description

Embodiment one

The airborne cotton fiber loss suppression and high-efficiency cotton cleaning device implemented in this implementation is shown in Figure 1. It is mainly composed of two parts: a three-stage toothed roller ratio cleaning mechanism and a multi-stage nail roller with a stalk cleaning mechanism. .

The cleaning mechanism contains toothed rollers arranged in a housing forming a vertical channel 9, including a primary toothed roller 10 supported below the central entrance of the upper end of the housing, a secondary toothed roller 14 supported in the middle of the housing, and a secondary toothed roller supported in the housing. The lower three-stage toothed roller 19. One side of the first-stage toothed roller 10, the second-stage toothed roller 14, and the third-stage toothed roller 19 are equipped with an upper brush 7 located below the entrance side, a middle brush 3 located at the lower end of the inclined upper guide plate, and a middle brush 3 located at the lower end of the inclined lower guide plate. The lower brush 2, thereby establishing a reasonable and compact guiding structure. One side of the toothed rollers 10, 14 and 19 of each stage is equipped with three beating rods 8 distributed along the arc track concentric with the corresponding toothed rollers respectively. The trash comb 11 of the outer circle of the stage toothed roller 10. The upper brush roller 13 that bristles contact with its outer circle is housed below the first-stage toothed roller 10 . This constitutes a relatively independent first-stage cleaning mechanism. The seed cotton entering the vertical channel 9 is slapped by the relative movement of the beating rod 8 after passing through the upper brush 7 under the action of the rotating hook belt of the first-stage toothed roller 10. Then, combing the trash comb 11 can complete the cleaning and separation of most of the seed cotton of about 60%, and the cotton brush is sucked upward by the upper brush roller 13 in rotation, and the negative pressure generated by the airflow of the cotton collecting flow channel 17 Suction is sent to the outlet on the upper end.

The bottom of the second-level toothed roller 14 is provided with a lower brush roller whose bristles are in contact with the outer circle of the second-level toothed roller 14 and the third-level toothed roller 19, and the lower side of the third-level toothed roller 19 is equipped with an arc composed of parallel grid bars distributed at intervals. Shaped grille, its specific structure is the same as the prior art recorded in documents such as 201210014731.2. Between the second-stage toothed roller 14 and the third-stage toothed roller 19, a row guide plate 15 is also installed next to the lower brush roller. The comb teeth and the knife edge are transitionally connected by a smooth surface concentric with the lower brush roller. During work, the seed-containing cotton separated by the first-level toothed roller 10 falls on the second-level toothed roller 14 along the upper guide plate, and under the action of the rotating hook belt of the second-level toothed roller 14, after passing through the middle brush 3, it passes through the slapping rod Relatively moving beating, and then combing with 15 combs on the guide plate, so as to further complete the cleaning and separation of about 30% of the seed cotton after the first-level cleaning, and the cotton brush is sucked downward by the lower brush roller during rotation; and At the same time, the seed-containing cotton separated by the second-stage toothed roller 14 falls onto the third-stage toothed roller 19 along the lower guide plate. The slapping of the relative movement of the rods, and then the screening of the arc-shaped grille, the cotton brush is also sucked downward by the lower brush roller; it is sucked out by the negative pressure generated by the airflow of the cotton collecting flow channel 17 and sent to the upper outlet. The knife edge of row guide plate 15 helps to separate the cotton that three-stage toothed roller 19 is hooked, is brushed away by lower brush roller, avoids its fiber to be damaged, and improves cotton recovery rate. In the cotton collection channel 17 that conveys the airflow from bottom to top on the side far away from the beating rod 8, there are upper suction flow ports 12 located between the first-level toothed roller and the upper brush roller, and an upper suction port 12 located between the second-level toothed roller and the lower brush roller. The lower suction flow port 16 between; the bottom of the cotton collecting flow channel 17 is connected with the air outlet of the cotton conveying fan 18, so the required air delivery effect can be effectively formed.

In addition, a branch and stalk cleaning mechanism is installed on the upper side of the housing, which includes a conveying channel that is inclined from low to high to transport cotton, and three-stage spike rollers 5 that connect with each other from low to high are arranged in the conveying channel. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, each nailing roller 5 consists of a rotatable roller body 5-1 with an octagonal cross-section and radially extending nails distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction and axially at equal intervals on the roller body 5-1. 5-2 composition. The side of the lowest-level nailing roller away from other nailing rollers is tangentially provided with a conveying channel seed cotton input port 4 with the opening facing downward, and a funnel-shaped miscellaneous discharge port 1 is provided directly below it. The side of the highest-level nailing roller away from other nailing rollers is provided with an output port with the opening facing downward through the horizontal extension of the conveying channel. Between the input port 4 and the output port, there are stalk row grids 6 that form a semi-surrounding nail roller 5 at each level respectively. The specific structure is shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. , and fixed on the bracket at intervals to form a strip-shaped flapping grid 6-2 parallel to the axis of the nailing roller and an arc-shaped grid 6-4 concentric with the nailing roller. V-shaped transition angle plate 6-3 connection.

In this way, when the seed cotton is input from the input port, since the flow area of the upper part of the oblique conveying channel is smaller than that of the lower part, the upwardly flowing airflow tends to be forced to flow downward through the spike roller and the stalk grid, so the seed cotton is pressed by the spike roller. It is driven downward and beats against the stalk grid, and the cotton stalks are inserted into the stalk grid under the action of centrifugal force, the large ones are broken, and the small ones are discharged. After the three-stage beating, the micro-impurity and branches are discharged downward under the action of the airflow, thus effectively avoiding the secondary pollution caused by the discharge of the original cotton impurity into the air, and the seed cotton evenly dispersed by the three-stage thorns falls to the toothed roller through the vertical passage were further sorted.

Tests show that the device of this embodiment has the following outstanding advantages:

1. The loosening of the three-stage nail roller and the slapping effect of the stalk grid are organically combined, together with the cotton transport airflow and the rotating centrifugal effect, the problem of the separation of the cotton stalks and the broken leaves is skillfully solved, and the cotton stalks are discharged to the ground. It improves the cleaning efficiency and avoids secondary pollution;

2. The proportioned configuration of the three-stage toothed rollers not only improves the cleaning efficiency and recovery effect, but also reduces the loss of cleaning seed cotton; combined with the use of the waste removal comb and the dual-purpose row guide plate, it further strengthens the large waste especially It is the cleaning of cotton stalks and boll shells, which greatly reduces the impurity content of seed cotton;

3. On the premise of not affecting the airborne space layout, through reasonable design and ingenious layout, the efficient cleaning of cotton fibers with less damage is realized, making it possible to reduce the trash content of the unifying machine to less than 10%, which is a comprehensive The realization of light and simplified machine picking laid the foundation.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of airborne cotton is fine presses down the efficient scutching cotton device of damage, containing the discaling roll being placed in the housing forming vertical passage (9), its It is characterised by: described discaling roll includes being supported on one-level discaling roll (10) below housing upper-center entrance, is supported on housing central section Secondary gear roller (14) and the three-level discaling roll (19) being supported on lower housing portion, described one-level discaling roll, secondary gear roller and three-level tooth The side of roller is respectively provided with hairbrush (7), middle hairbrush (3), lower hairbrush (2) and along between the arc track concentric with corresponding discaling roll Every the beating bar of distribution, equipped with bristle and its cylindrical upper brush roll (13) contacting, described secondary gear roller below described one-level discaling roll Lower section equipped with simultaneously cylindrical with the secondary gear roller and three-level discaling roll lower brush roll contacting of bristle, equipped with arc on the downside of described three-level discaling roll Barrier, is provided with the Ji Mianliudao of bottom-up delivery air away from the side patting bar in described housing, described Ji Mianliudao opens There is upper suction head piece (12) between one-level discaling roll and upper brush roll and be located at the lower suction stream between secondary gear roller and lower brush roll Mouth (16)；The bottom of described Ji Mianliudao is connected with the air outlet of cotton transport blower fan (18).

2. the fine suppression of airborne cotton according to claim 1 damage efficient scutching cotton device it is characterised in that: the upper end one of described housing Branch stalk cleaning mechanism is installed in side, and described branch stalk cleaning mechanism includes being obliquely installed the transfer passage of cotton transport from low to high, described defeated Send at least two grades caltrop rollers (5) that arrangement in passage is mutually linked from low to high, described caltrop roller by rotatable roll body and Constitute every the caltrop radially extending is distributed on roll body；Minimum one-level caltrop roller is tangentially provided with out away from the side of other caltrop rollers The transfer passage input port of mouth down, and it is arranged right below impurity discharging port (1)；Caltrop roller at the highest level is away from the one of other caltrop rollers Horizontal-extending section of downward opening delivery outlet of setting of transfer passage is passed through in side；Equipped with right respectively between described input port and delivery outlet Caltrop rollers at different levels form row's stalk grid (6) of semi-surrounding, and row's stalk grid at different levels are fixed on by the bracket constituting edge frame, interval respectively Axially in parallel with caltrop roller strip on bracket pats screen and the arc grizzly bar concentric with caltrop roller is constituted, adjacent row stalk grid Between connected by round and smooth transition gusset.

3. the fine suppression of airborne cotton according to claim 2 damage efficient scutching cotton device it is characterised in that: at described one-level discaling roll Pat below bar equipped with comb towards cylindrical impurities removal comb (11) of one-level discaling roll.

4. the fine suppression of airborne cotton according to claim 3 damage efficient scutching cotton device it is characterised in that: described secondary gear roller and three Equipped with row's guide plate (15), described row's guide plate, there is the comb towards secondary gear roller and the knife towards three-level discaling roll between level discaling roll Mouthful.

5. the fine suppression of airborne cotton according to claim 4 damage efficient scutching cotton device it is characterised in that: described one-level discaling roll, two The side of level discaling roll and three-level discaling roll is respectively provided with positioned at the upper hairbrush below inlet side, is located in upper guide plate lower end Hairbrush and the lower hairbrush being located at bottom guide lower end.

6. the fine suppression of airborne cotton according to claim 5 damage efficient scutching cotton device it is characterised in that: the comb of described row's guide plate It is connected by the round slip surface transition concentric with lower brush roll between the edge of a knife.

7. the fine suppression of airborne cotton according to claim 6 damage efficient scutching cotton device it is characterised in that: described caltrop roller is by section For octagonal rotatable roll body and circumference be uniform, the caltrop radially extending on roll body that is axially spacedly distributed is constituted.