CN104254323A - 含有片剂和液体或半固体填充剂的软弹性胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
含有片剂和液体或半固体填充剂的软弹性胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104254323A CN104254323A CN201380019629.4A CN201380019629A CN104254323A CN 104254323 A CN104254323 A CN 104254323A CN 201380019629 A CN201380019629 A CN 201380019629A CN 104254323 A CN104254323 A CN 104254323A
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Abstract
本文公开了一种软弹性胶囊,其包括限定了具有预定体积的包胶空间的抗酸胶囊壳,包含位于包胶空间内的第一种活性成分的液体或半固体填充剂,和位于包胶空间内的、未固定于胶囊壳且被填充剂包围的具有2mm最小尺寸的第一种压制片剂,所述片剂包含基本上不溶于填充剂的第二种活性成分。还公开了一种软弹性胶囊的制备方法。
Description
背景
联合治疗用于许多类型疾病的治疗中。在一些情况中,两种或多种医生开出的或所需的活性剂的剂型彼此不相容。由于这种限制,需要分开给药活性剂,由于必须服用的丸剂和液体的数量,这会导致治疗方案的依从性差。
概述
本文中描述了一种软弹性胶囊及其制备方法。所述软弹性胶囊可以是限定了具有预定体积的包裹空间的耐酸性胶囊壳,包含位于包裹空间内的第一种活性成分的液体或半固体填充剂和第一种压制片剂。第一种压制片剂位于包裹空间内,可以未固定于胶囊壳,并且可以由填充剂包围。片剂基本上不溶于填充剂中。第一种压制片剂可以具有2mm的最小尺寸(例如,5mm的最小尺寸)。在一些实施方案中,第一种压制片剂具有16mm的最大尺寸。片剂的体积任选比包裹空间的体积小至少25%。第一种压制片剂与液体或半固体填充剂的体积比可以为1:0.25至1:100。在一些实施方案中,填充剂是液体。在一些实施方案中,胶囊壳只具有一个隔间。
在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分和/或第二种活性成分是药物、营养药物(nutraceutical)、维生素、矿物质或诊断剂。例如,第一种活性成分可以是溶解于药物学上可接受的油基液体载体中的药物活性成分,而第二种活性成分可以是药物活性成分。任选,第一种活性成分不同于第二种活性成分。在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分是多不饱和脂肪酸(例如,ω-3脂肪酸),而第二种活性成分是乙酰水杨酸、他汀类(例如,阿托伐他汀)、氯吡格雷、植物甾醇、辅酶Q10、白藜芦醇、贝沙罗汀或贝沙罗汀和他汀类的组合物。
在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分是苯海拉明,而第二种活性成分是氯雷他定。在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分是二甲硅油,而第二种活性成分是洛哌丁胺。任选,第一种活性成分是抗过敏剂(例如,西替利嗪、氯雷他定、非索非那定、苯海拉明、左西替利嗪和地氯雷他定),而第二种活性成分是伪麻黄碱。任选,第一种活性成分是血清素5-HT1A部分激动剂或选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂,而第二种活性成分是安非他酮。在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分是二甲双胍,而第二种活性成分是米格列醇或匹格列醇。在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分是鲁比前列酮,而第二种活性成分是阿片样物质(例如,氧可酮、氢可酮或吗啡)。
胶囊壳可以由成膜天然聚合物形成。在一些实施例中,成膜天然聚合物可以包括明胶。在一些实施例中,成膜天然聚合物可以包括卡拉胶和/或淀粉。成膜天然聚合物可以为胶囊壳重量的约20%至约50%。任选,胶囊壳包括肠溶衣层。胶囊壳可以进一步由胃抗性天然聚合物形成,其可以任选包括果胶和/或海藻酸盐。胃抗性天然聚合物的浓度可以为胶囊壳重量的约2%至约10%。胶囊壳可以进一步由胶凝剂形成。胶凝剂可以包括,例如,二价阳离子盐(例如,钙盐和/或镁盐)。在一些实施例中,胶凝剂的浓度低于胶囊壳重量的约2%。胶囊壳可以由成膜合成聚合物形成。在一些实施方案中,成膜合成聚合物可以选自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、醋酸纤维素酞酸酯、聚醋酸乙烯酞酸酯,或这些的组合物。胶囊壳可以进一步包括一种或多种选自甘油、山梨糖醇、山梨聚糖、甘露糖醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、具有3至6个碳原子的多元醇、柠檬酸、柠檬酸酯、柠檬酸三乙酯,及其组合的增塑剂。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种增塑剂的浓度为胶囊壳重量的约8%至约40%。
任选,软弹性胶囊可以进一步包含第二种压制片剂,其可以任选包含第三种活性成分。在一些实施方案中,第二种活性成分与第一种活性成分不相容。胶囊壳可以是透明的或半透明的。在一些实施方案中,压制片剂可以涂覆延迟释放包衣或持续释放包衣。任选,软弹性胶囊包含一种或多种药物学上可接受的赋形剂。
本文中还描述了一种制备软弹性胶囊的方法。该方法包括(a)在第一个旋转包胶模具上形成包含成膜聚合物的第一个连续膜,(b)在第二个旋转包胶模具上形成包含成膜聚合物的第二个连续膜,(c)以相反方向旋转第一个旋转包胶模具和第二个旋转包胶模具,使得第一个膜和第二个膜接触并形成部分闭合的胶囊,(d)在部分闭合的胶囊中提供第一种压制片剂,(e)将液体或半固体填充剂注入部分闭合的胶囊中,(f)将部分闭合的胶囊密封形成软胶囊,和(g)干燥并抛光软胶囊。在一些实施方案中,提供步骤(d)包括(d1)将第一种压制片剂放置在第一个包胶模具的第一个膜上,和(d2)任选将第二种压制片剂放置在第二个包胶模具的第二个膜上。在这些实施方案中,所述以相反方向旋转第一个旋转包胶模具和第二个旋转包胶模具使得第一个膜和第二个膜接触并形成部分闭合胶囊的旋转步骤(c)在部分闭合胶囊中提供了第一种压制片剂和任选的第二种压制片剂。步骤(d1)可以包括将第一种压制片剂放置在第一个膜上并且放入第一个包胶模具的模具腔中,并且步骤(d2)可以包括任选将第二种片剂放置在第二个膜上并且放入第二个包胶模具的模具腔中。提供步骤(d)可以包括在所述旋转步骤(c)后将第一种压制片剂和任选的第二种压制片剂喂入部分闭合的胶囊中。
该方法可以进一步包括在第一个膜和第二个膜接触位置附近提供包胶楔。在一些实施方案中,通过包胶楔喂入第一种压制片剂。在一些实施方案中,通过包胶楔注入液体或半固体填充剂。任选,加热包胶楔。在一些实施方案中,第一种压制片剂和任选的第二种压制片剂是预先制备的。
在一些实施方案中,第一个膜和第二个膜中的成膜聚合物是天然成膜聚合物。任选,第一个膜和第二个膜中的天然成膜聚合物包含明胶。在一些实施例中,形成第一个膜和形成第二个膜的步骤包括制备包含明胶、胃抗性天然聚合物和任选一种或多种增塑剂的溶液,以形成凝胶物质;以及将凝胶物质形成第一个膜和第二个膜。任选,胃抗性天然聚合物包括果胶和/或海藻酸盐。在一些实施方案中,液体或半固体填充剂包含第一种活性成分,第一种压制片剂包含第二种活性成分,而第二种压制片剂包含第三种活性成分。第一种活性成分、第二种活性成分和第三种活性成分可以彼此不同。
一个或多个实施方案的详细内容列于以下的说明书和附图中。从说明书、附图和权利要求中,将清楚地呈现其他特征、目的和优势。
附图简述
图1A是描绘了含有液体或半固体填充剂和单种片剂的软弹性胶囊的示意图。
图1B是描绘了含有液体或半固体填充剂和多种片剂的软弹性胶囊的示意图。
图2是用于制备含有液体或半固体填充剂和一个片剂的软弹性胶囊的旋转模具方法的示意图。在右下角描绘了放大的片剂。
图3是用于制备含有液体或半固体填充剂和两个片剂的软弹性胶囊的旋转模具方法的示意图。在右下角描绘了放大的片剂。
图4是用于制备含有从位于液体或半固体填充剂注射器远端的料斗提供的液体或半固体填充剂和一个片剂的软弹性胶囊的可替换旋转模具方法的示意图。在右下角描绘了放大的片剂。
图5是用于制备含有从位于液体或半固体填充剂注射器远端的料斗提供的液体或半固体填充剂和两个片剂的软弹性胶囊的可替换旋转模具方法的示意图。在右下角描绘了放大的片剂。
图6是用于制备含有从包胶楔附近的料斗提供的液体或半固体填充剂和一个片剂的软弹性胶囊的可替换旋转模具方法的示意图。
详述
本文中公开了软弹性胶囊及其制备方法。软弹性胶囊可以包括限定了具有预定体积的包胶空间的抗酸胶囊壳、包含位于包胶空间内的第一种活性成分的液体或半固体填充剂和位于包胶空间内的、未固定于胶囊壳且被填充剂包围的具有2mm最小尺寸的第一种压制片剂。
本文中公开的软弹性胶囊包括由成膜组合物(即,胶囊壳)包胶的活性成分和赋形剂的剂型。如上所述,胶囊壳限定了具有预定体积的包胶空间。本文中公开的软弹性胶囊的胶囊壳可以是抗酸的。如本文中所用的,“抗酸”是指胶囊的肠溶特性。具体地,胶囊在胃酸中能抵抗溶解一段时间并且因此可以通过胃,而胶囊内的活性成分没有实质性的释放。如本文中所用的,“实质性释放”是指高于1%的活性成分的释放(例如,1%至100%,5%至95%,10%至90%,20%至80%,30%至70%,或40%至60%的活性成分)。在一些实施方案中,胶囊在胃酸中抵抗溶解至少30分钟。例如,胶囊在胃酸中可以抵抗溶解至少40分钟,至少45分钟,至少50分钟,至少55分钟,至少1小时或至少2小时。
胶囊壳可以包括一层或多层并且可以从一种或多种组分形成,所述组分包括成膜聚合物、胃抗性聚合物、胶凝剂和增塑剂。成膜聚合物可以是成膜天然聚合物、成膜合成聚合物、成膜半合成聚合物,或其混合物。在一些实施方案中,本文中所述的胶囊壳包括至少一种成膜天然聚合物,如明胶、卡拉胶(例如,κ卡拉胶、ι卡拉胶以及这些的混合物)、葡甘露聚糖、淀粉(例如,未改性淀粉和改性预糊化淀粉)、其他水状胶体,以及这些的混合物。在一些实施方案中,本文中所述的胶囊壳包括至少一种成膜合成聚合物,如聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸甲酯聚合物、丙烯酸乙酯聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物(例如,由EvonikIndustries;Parsippany,New Jersey提供的,丙烯酸聚合物)、醋酸纤维素酞酸酯,或聚醋酸乙烯酞酸酯。成膜聚合物可以为胶囊壳重量的约20%至约50%。例如,成膜聚合物可以为胶囊壳重量的约25%至约40%。在一些实施例中,成膜聚合物为胶囊壳重量的约21%,约22%,约23%,约24%,约25%,约26%,约27%,约28%,约29%,约30%,约31%,约32%,约33%,约34%,约35%,约36%,约37%,约38%,约39%,约40,约41%,约42%,约43%,约44%,约45%,约46%,约47%,约48%,约49%。
如上所述,胶囊壳可以包括明胶。适用于本文中的明胶可以源自猪皮、猪骨和牛骨,或分裂的牛排。明胶是由从动物(包括,例如,家养的牛、鸡和猪)的皮肤、煮沸的碎骨、结缔组织、器官和一些肠提取的胶原蛋白的部分水解产生的肽和蛋白质的混合物。
在许多方面中,明胶的化学组成与胶原蛋白的相似。明胶中单独的部分水解的胶原蛋白链之间的天然分子键分解成可以重排的形式。加热时,明胶可以熔化成液体,并且在冷却时可以重新固化,明胶在热水中形成高粘度溶液,其冷却时凝固形成半固体胶体。
明胶溶液显示出粘弹性流动和流动双折射。如上所述,明胶在冷水的存在下可以膨胀并且形成半固体材料。然而,明胶在热水中容易溶解。明胶的溶解性由制备方法决定。明胶可以分散于相对浓的酸中。这样的分散体可以稳定数天(例如,长达15天),很少或没有化学变化,并且适用于涂层目的或挤入沉淀浴中。胶囊壳可以进一步包括一种或多种胃抗性聚合物,如胃抗性天然聚合物、胃抗性合成聚合物,或其混合物,以给胶囊壳提供肠溶特性。因此,如上所述,软弹性胶囊摄入时将通过胃,而没有溶解。在一些实施方案中,成膜聚合物可以包括胃抗性特性。胶囊壳可以包括从包括胃抗性聚合物的组合物形成的单层或可以包括多层,所述多层包括至少一个包括胃抗性聚合物的外涂层。在一些实施方案中,胶囊壳可以进一步由胃抗性天然聚合物形成,所述胃抗性天然聚合物包括多糖,如果胶和/或海藻酸盐。胃抗性聚合物可以以胶囊壳重量的约2%至约10%的含量包括在胶囊壳中。
软弹性胶囊的胶囊壳可以进一步由一种或多种胶凝剂形成。胶凝剂可以包括,例如,一种或多种二价阳离子。二价阳离子可以作为二价阳离子盐来提供(例如,钙盐和镁盐)。包括时,胶凝剂的浓度可以高于0%重量且低于约2%胶囊壳重量(例如,低于约1.5%,低于约1.0%,或低于约0.5%胶囊壳重量)。
在一些实施方案中,胶囊壳可以包括一种或多种增塑剂。增塑剂可以是,例如,甘油。甘油(glycerol)(即,甘油(glycerine)或丙三醇(glycerin))是广泛用于药物制剂中的无色、无味、粘性液体。甘油是含有三个负责其在水中的溶解性及其吸湿性的羟基的多元醇。甘油是甜味的并且具有低毒性。对于人食用,U.S.FDA将甘油归在糖醇中,作为热量大量营养素。
在一些实施方案中,增塑剂是山梨糖醇。山梨糖醇是人体缓慢代谢的糖醇。可以通过将葡萄糖的醛基还原成羟基来获得。山梨糖醇天然存在于苹果、梨、桃和李子中。特定级别的山梨糖醇水溶液用于软凝胶胶囊中,作为增塑剂,以防止胶囊变脆。在一些实施方案中,山梨糖醇包括在将含有聚乙二醇作为溶剂的胶囊壳中。合适的增塑剂的更多实例包括山梨聚糖、麦芽糖醇、聚乙二醇、具有3至6个碳原子的多元醇、柠檬酸、柠檬酸酯、柠檬酸三乙酯,以及这些的组合物。一种或多种增塑剂的浓度可以为胶囊壳的约8%重量至约40%重量。在一些实施例中,增塑剂的浓度为胶囊壳的约10%重量至约30%重量或约15%重量至约25%重量。
任选,胶囊壳可以包括一种或多种粘度改良剂。合适的粘度改良剂的实例包括瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、黄原胶、琼脂和结冷胶。粘度改良剂可以以高于组合物的0%重量且低于10%重量(例如,低于组合物重量的9%,低于8%,低于7%,低于6%,低于5%,低于4%,低于3%,低于2%,低于1%或低于0.5%)的含量包括在胶囊壳中。
任选,胶囊壳可以制成透明的或半透明的胶囊壳。在一些实施方案中,胶囊壳可以是半透明的、半不透明的或不透明的。任选,可以使用二氧化钛制备不透明的胶囊壳,二氧化钛可以保护光敏感性活性成分免受降解。胶囊壳可以进一步包括着色剂,使胶囊着色。合适的着色剂的实例包括FD&C和D&C染料、氧化铁和天然着色剂。任选,胶囊是有刻痕的或具有装饰涂层。胶囊壳可以制成只具有一个隔间(即,胶囊壳不含多个隔间)。
将至少两种活性成分和任选赋形剂的组合物包含在胶囊壳中。胶囊是多相的,因为胶囊含有两相或多相物质。例如,胶囊可以包括固相、半固相和/或液相的活性成分。本文中公开的软弹性胶囊包括位于包胶空间内的液体或半固体填充剂。液体或半固体填充剂包括第一种活性成分。第一种活性成分可以包括,例如,药物、营养药物、维生素、矿物质或诊断剂。
可以作为活性成分包括的药剂的实例包括归为例如肾上腺皮质类固醇、肾上腺皮质抑制剂、醛甾酮拮抗剂、氨基酸、促合成剂、雄激素、拮抗剂、驱虫药、抗痤疮剂、抗肾上腺素药、抗过敏药、抗阿米巴药、抗雄激素、抗贫血药、抗心绞痛药、抗关节炎药、抗哮喘药、抗动脉粥样硬化药、抗细菌剂、抗胆石药、抗胆结石形成药、抗胆碱能药、抗凝血剂、抗球虫药、抗糖尿病药、抗腹泻药、抗利尿药、解毒剂、抗雌激素、抗血纤维蛋白溶解剂、抗真菌剂、抗青光眼药、抗血友病药、抗出血药、抗组织胺药、抗高血脂药、抗高脂蛋白血药、抗高血压药、抗低血压药、抗感染药、抗感染药、局部的、抗炎药、抗角质化剂、抗疟疾药、抗微生物剂、抗有丝分裂剂、抗霉菌剂、抗肿瘤剂、抗中性白细胞减少药、抗寄生虫药、抗蠕虫药、抗肺囊虫药、抗增生药、抗前列腺肥大药、抗原虫药、止痒药、抗牛皮癣药、抗风湿药、抗血吸虫药、抗皮脂溢性皮炎药、抗分泌药、抗痉挛药、抗血栓形成药、止咳药、抗溃疡药、抗尿石药、抗病毒药、食欲抑制剂、良性前列腺增生治疗剂、骨吸收抑制剂、支气管扩张剂、碳脱水酶抑制剂、心脏抑制剂、心脏保护剂、强心剂、心血管药剂、利胆剂、胆碱能药、胆碱能激动剂、胆碱酯酶灭活剂。球菌抑制剂、诊断助剂、利尿剂、杀外寄生虫药、酶抑制剂、雌激素、纤维蛋白溶解剂、游离氧基清除剂、糖皮质激素、性腺刺激素、头发生长刺激剂、止血药、激素、血胆固醇过少药、降血糖药、降血脂药、降血压药、免疫剂、免疫调制剂、免疫调节剂、免疫刺激剂、免疫抑制剂、阳痿治疗辅助剂、抑制剂、角质层分离药、LHRH激动剂、肝病治疗剂、黄体溶解素、粘液溶解剂、扩瞳药、鼻充血减轻剂、神经肌肉阻断剂、非激素固醇衍生物、子宫收缩剂、纤溶酶原激活剂、血小板激活因子拮抗剂、血小板凝聚抑制剂、增效剂、孕激素、前列腺素、前列腺生长抑制剂、前促甲状腺素(prothyrotropin)、肺表面活性剂、放射性试剂、调节剂、弛缓药、修复剂、抗疥螨剂、硬化剂、选择性腺苷A1拮抗剂、类固醇、抑制剂、有症状的多发性硬化、协同剂、甲状腺激素、甲状腺抑制剂、拟甲状腺剂、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症药剂、佩吉特式病药剂、不稳定性咽峡炎药剂、促尿酸排泄药、血管收缩剂、血管扩张剂、创伤药、创伤愈合剂和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂。合适的药剂的更多实例包括Merck Index(第13版,Wiley,2001)、The United StatesPharmacopeia-National Formulary(USP-NF)和FDA’s Orange教科书中列出的那些,在此至少针对它们的药物活性剂的教导按引用并入本文中作为参考。
营养药物的实例包括,但不限于,氨基酸、萜类(例如,类胡萝卜素萜类和非类胡萝卜素萜类)、草药抑制剂、顺势疗法(homeopathic)抑制剂、腺体抑制剂、多酚、类黄酮多酚、酚酸、姜黄素、白藜芦醇、木脂素、葡糖异硫氰酸盐、异硫氰酸盐、吲哚、硫代磺酸盐、植物甾醇、蒽醌、辣椒素、胡椒碱、叶绿素、甜菜碱、草酸、乙酰-L-肉毒碱、尿囊素、androsterondiol、androsterondione、甜菜碱(三甲基甘氨酸)、咖啡因、丙酮酸钙(丙酮酸)、肉毒碱、肌肽、胡萝卜素、类胡萝卜素、胆碱、绿原酸、胆酸、硫酸软骨素、硫酸软骨素、cholestin、白杨黄素、辅酶Q10、共轭亚油酸、科罗索酸、肌酸、脱氢表雄甾酮、双氯酚、二吲哚甲烷、二甲基甘氨酸、二巯基琥珀酸、依布硒、鞣花酸、酶、非瑟酮、芒柄黄花素、葡糖二酸(葡糖二酸盐)、葡糖胺(HCl或硫酸盐)、葡糖胺(N-乙酰基)、谷胱甘肽、橙皮碱、羟基-3-甲基丁酸、5-羟基色氨酸、吲哚-3-甲醇、肌醇、异硫氰酸盐、亚麻酸-γ、硫辛酸(α)、褪黑激素、甲磺酰甲烷、矿物质、柚皮苷、胰酶、对-氨基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸酯(甲酯或丙酯)、酚类、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂、植物甾醇、孕酮、孕烯醇酮、栎精、白藜芦醇、D-核糖、芦丁、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、水杨酸、莱菔硫烷、酒石酸、紫杉叶素、四氢非洲防已碱、thephyline、可可碱、惕告吉宁、三羟乙基芦丁、色氨酸、生育三烯酚(α、β&γ)、玉米黄质、银杏、生姜、猫爪草、金丝桃、芦荟、月见草、大蒜、辣椒、当归、人参、feverview、葫芦巴、松果菊、绿茶、药蜀葵、锯榈、茶树油、鱼油、车前子、kava-kava、甘草根、manonia aquifolium、山楂、hohimbr、姜黄、金缕梅、缬草、懈寄生、越桔、蜂花粉、胡椒薄荷油、β-胡萝卜素、染料木素、叶黄素、番茄红素、多酚等。合适的营养药物的更多实例包括Robert E.C.Wildman,CRC Press(2001)编辑的Handbook of Nutraceuticals andFunctional Foods(营养药物和功能食品手册)中所列的那些,至少针对营养药物的教导,按引用将其并入本文中作为参考。
在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分可以包括一种或多种维生素。如本文中所用的,维生素是指人正常生长和活动通常必需的任何有机物质。合适的维生素的实例包括,但不限于,维生素A(视黄醇)、B1(硫胺素)、B2(核黄素)、B复合物、B6(吡哆醇)、B12(钴胺素)、C(抗坏血酸)、D(胆钙化甾醇)、E(生育酚)、F(亚油酸)、G、H(生物素)和K,以及胆碱、叶酸、肌醇、烟酸、泛酸和对-氨基苯甲酸。
矿物质是天然存在的无机物质,其通常是人的营养必需的。用于第一种活性成分中的矿物质可以是任何矿物质。矿物质的实例包括,但不限于,硼、钙、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰、钼、镍、磷、硒、硅、锡、钒和锌。
第一种活性成分可以任选包括诊断剂。诊断剂包括例如,成像剂、显影剂、酶和荧光物质。
在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分天生就是液体或半固体。在其他实施方案中,第一种活性成分可以制成液体。例如,可以通过将以上限定的活性化合物和任选的药物佐剂溶解或另外混合于载体中,所述载体如,例如,水、盐水、含水右旋糖、甘油、甘醇(包括,丙二醇或聚乙二醇)、乙醇、脂肪酸、甘油酯、油、固醇、磷脂等,以由此形成溶液,从而制备液体活性成分。在一些实施方案中,可以将活性成分分散或悬浮于液体载体中。在一些实施方案中,可以在自乳化/微乳化药物传送系统(SEDDS)系统中制备第一种活性成分。任选,SEDDS系统可以包括油、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂或增溶剂,以及第一种活性成分。制备这样的剂型的实际方法是本领域技术人员已知的,或将是显而易见的;例如,参见Remington’s PharmaceuticalSciences,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,第15版,1975。液体活性成分可以制成含有0.005%至100%范围的活性成分,用无毒载体补足。用于制备这些组合物的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。液体填充剂可以含有0.001%至100%,0.1%至95%,1%至90%,5%至70%,或10%至50%重量的活性成分。
一种或多种压制片剂也位于由胶囊壳形成的包胶空间中。一种或多种压制片剂基本上不溶于填充剂中。“基本上不溶的”片剂包括在填充剂中具有非常低的化学溶解性的片剂(例如,低于10g的片剂可以溶解于100ml填充剂中)。因此,片剂在一段时间后可以保持压制片剂的形式。例如,基本上不溶的片剂可以在一年的时间段后在填充剂中保持其至少90%、至少95%或至少99%的形式。包胶空间内存在的压制片剂可以不固定于胶囊壳。如本文中所用的,“不固定”是指压制片剂没有连接胶囊壳并且因此能够在整个包胶空间中自由运动。片剂的体积小于包胶空间的体积。因此,压制片剂可以由填充剂围绕(即,填充剂可以存在于压制片剂的所有侧面并且接触压制片剂的外表面)。在一些实施方案中,片剂的体积比包胶空间的体积小至少25%。例如,片剂的体积比包胶空间的体积小至少30%,至少35%,至少40%,至少45%,或至少50%。在一些实施方案中,压制片剂与液体或半固体填充剂的体积比为1:0.25至1:100(例如,1:1至1:75或1:5至1:50)。在一些实施方案中,压制片剂与液体或半固体填充剂的重量比为1:5至1:100(例如,1:10至1:75或1:25至1:50)。压制片剂的外表面可以任选涂覆延迟释放的包衣或持续释放的包衣。
任选,压制片剂是膜控释放片剂,如从Alza Corporation(Mountain View,CA)可商业购得的Oros系统片剂。在一些实施例中,压制片剂是基质型受控释放片剂。在这些实施例中,压制片剂可以在片剂基质内包括释放速率控制赋形剂。如本文中所用的,“释放速率控制赋形剂”包括能够减缓活性成分从压制片剂剂型中释放出来的速率的任何物质。释放速率控制赋形剂可以是,例如,聚合物、脂肪化合物,或这些的混合物。合适的聚合释放速率控制赋形剂包括,例如,纤维素醚(例如,甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素及其碱盐、乙基羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、疏水性改性的羟乙基纤维素、疏水性改性的乙烯羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素和羧甲基疏水性改性的羟乙基纤维素);乙烯吡咯烷酮聚合物(例如,交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或乙烯吡咯烷酮和醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物);环氧烷同型聚合物(例如,聚环氧丙烷);超崩解剂聚合物(例如,交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联的羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、甲基丙烯酸钾-二乙烯苯共聚物、聚乙烯醇、直链淀粉、交联的直链淀粉、淀粉衍生物、微晶纤维素和纤维素衍生物、α-、β-和γ-环糊精和环糊精衍生物,如交联羧甲基纤维素);植物、动物、矿物或合成来源的胶体(例如,琼脂、海藻酸盐、卡拉胶、源自海洋植物的红藻胶、瓜尔豆胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶、刺梧桐树胶、刺槐豆胶、源自陆地植物的果胶);微生物多糖(例如,葡聚糖、结冷胶、鼠李糖胶、文莱胶、黄原胶)、合成或半合成树胶(例如,丙二醇海藻酸盐、羟丙基瓜尔豆胶和改性淀粉,如羟基乙酸淀粉钠);和丙烯酸聚合物,如交联聚合物或同型聚合物,以及丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸甲酯单体的共聚物。用作释放速率控制赋形剂的合适的脂肪化合物包括蜡(例如,可消化的长链(C8-C50,尤其是C12-C40))、取代或未取代的烃(例如,脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪酸的甘油酯),以及矿物油和植物油。
可以使用本领域技术人员已知的技术和程序来制备本文中所述的片剂;参见,例如,Ansel Introduction to Pharmaceutical DosageForms,第7版,1999。例如,可以通过直接压片、干法制粒(例如,通过滚压或碾压)或湿法制粒,来制得片剂。直接压制涉及在拌和机或混合机中混合成分并且直接压制片剂的成分,而没有改变活性成分的物理和化学性质。干法制粒可以包括混合成分、滚压成分、干筛、润滑和压制的步骤。湿法制粒方法可以包括在合适的拌和机中混合成分,接着在剪切下(例如,低剪切或高剪切)加入制粒溶液,以获得颗粒。然后将软材通过合适的筛网过筛,并且通过托盘式干燥或流化床干燥干燥。任选,可以将潮湿物质干燥并通过研磨机。
如本领域技术人员理解的,片剂可以具有各种形状。例如,片剂可以是圆形、椭圆形、多边形或多面体(例如,三角形或矩形)。因此,如本文中所用的,尺寸是指片剂的两个相对点之间的距离。例如,尺寸可以是指圆形片剂的直径。在一些实施例中,压制片剂具有2mm或更大的最小(即,最小值)尺寸。例如,压制片剂可以具有3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm或10mm的最小尺寸。在一些实施例中,压制片剂可以具有16mm或更小的最大尺寸。例如,压制片剂可以具有15mm、14mm、13mm、12mm、11mm或10mm的最大尺寸。在一些实施例中,片剂可以具有凸起或凹入的表面。在一些实施例中,片剂可以含有一个或多个腔(例如,凹槽或孔)。
胶囊空间包括至少一种压制片剂。第一种压制片剂位于包括第二种活性成分的包胶空间内。第二种活性成分是药物、营养药物、维生素、矿物质或诊断剂。合适的药剂、营养药物、维生素、矿物质和诊断剂包括本文中所述的那些。任选,第一种活性成分和第二种活性成分相同,以提供不同的释放谱。任选,第一种活性成分不同于第二种活性成分。在一些实施方案中,第二种活性成分与第一种活性成分不相容。任选,第二种压制片剂位于第二种压制片剂内。第二种压制片剂可以包括第三种活性成分,如本文中所述的药物、营养药物、维生素、矿物质或诊断剂。
一种或多种药物学上可接受的赋形剂可以进一步包胶在胶囊壳内。药物学上可接受的赋形剂的实例包括缓冲剂,如磷酸盐缓冲剂、柠檬酸盐缓冲剂和含有其他有机酸的缓冲剂;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸;低分子量(小于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、双糖和其他碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,如EDTA;糖醇,如甘露糖醇或山梨糖醇;成盐反离子,如钠;和/或非离子型表面活性剂,如(ICI,Inc.;Bridgewater,New Jersey)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和PLURONICSTM(BASF;Florham Park,NJ)。本领域常用的稀释剂也可以包胶在壳内,包括水或其他溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,如例如,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油(特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠基醇、聚乙二醇和山梨聚糖的脂肪酸酯,或这些物质的混合物,等等。
本文中考虑了第一种活性成分和第二种活性成分的特定组合。在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分是溶解于药物学上可接受的油基液体载体中的药物活性成分,而第二种活性成分是药物活性成分。任选,第一种和第二种活性成分以提供用于治疗特定疾病、不适、紊乱或精神失调的联合治疗的方式来组合。例如,多不饱和脂肪酸,如ω-3脂肪酸,可以提供为第一种活性成分,而乙酰水杨酸(即,阿司匹林)可以提供为第二种活性成分,以治疗或预防心血管病症。在一些实施例中,阿司匹林可以包括肠溶包衣。按照本文中所述的,将这两种药剂组合成单一剂型提供了如下优点:防止了来自ω-3脂肪酸的“鱼腥”味的副作用、防止了阿司匹林对胃粘膜的刺激以及通过防止阿司匹林和水的直接接触避免了阿司匹林的水解。适用于治疗或预防心血管病症的药剂的更多组合包括多不饱和脂肪酸和他汀类(例如,阿托伐他汀)分别作为第一种和第二种活性成分。在一些实施例中,适用于治疗或预防心血管病症的药剂的组合包括多不饱和脂肪酸作为第一种活性成分和氯吡格雷作为第二种活性成分。在其他实施例中,药剂的组合包括多不饱和脂肪酸作为第一种活性成分,而植物甾醇、辅酶Q10或白藜芦醇中的一种或多种作为第二种活性成分。药剂的组合进一步包括多不饱和脂肪酸作为第一种活性成分,而贝沙罗汀、他汀类或贝沙罗汀和他汀类的组合物作为第二种活性成分,并且可以用于治疗年龄相关的痴呆(例如,阿尔茨海默病)。
任选,第一种活性成分是苯海拉明,而第二种活性成分是氯雷他定。在一些实施例中,第一种活性成分是二甲硅油,而第二种活性成分是洛哌丁胺。在一些实施方案中,第一种活性成分可以是抗过敏药(即,抗过敏剂),而第二种活性成分是伪麻黄碱。伪麻黄碱可以是,例如,立即释放形式或受控释放形式。示例性抗过敏剂包括西替利嗪、氯雷他定、非索非那定、苯海拉明、左西替利嗪和地氯雷他定。含有血清素5-HT1A部分激动剂或选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂作为第一种活性成分和安非他酮作为第二种活性成分的软弹性胶囊可以用于,例如,治疗抑郁症。包括二甲双胍作为第一种活性成分和米格列醇或匹格列醇作为第二种活性成分的软弹性胶囊可以用于提高患者的血糖控制。
在一些实施例中,软弹性胶囊可以包括鲁比前列酮作为第一种活性成分和阿片样物质作为第二种活性成分。合适的阿片样物质的实例包括,例如,氧可酮、氢可酮或吗啡。包括这些活性成分组合的软弹性胶囊可以用于治疗,例如,过敏性肠综合症和便秘。在一些实施方案中,阿片样物质是氧可酮。
本文中还描述了一种制备软弹性胶囊的方法。该方法包括步骤(a)在第一个旋转包胶模具上形成包含成膜聚合物的第一个连续膜;(b)在第二个旋转包胶模具上形成包含成膜聚合物的第二个连续膜;(c)以相反方向旋转第一个旋转包胶模具和第二个旋转包胶模具,使得第一个膜和第二个膜接触并形成部分闭合的胶囊;(d)在部分闭合的胶囊中提供第一种压制片剂;(e)将液体或半固体填充剂注入部分闭合的胶囊中;(f)将部分闭合的胶囊密封形成软胶囊;和(g)干燥并抛光软胶囊。
如本文中所公开的,可以通过组合并混合用于形成胶囊壳的成分来制备第一个连续膜和第二个连续膜。第一个连续膜和第二个连续膜可以包括成膜聚合物、胃抗性聚合物、胶凝剂和增塑剂。在一些实施例中,第一个膜和第二个膜中成膜聚合物是如本文中所述的天然成膜聚合物。任选,第一个膜和第二个膜包括明胶。在这些实施方案中,通过制备包含明胶、胃抗性天然聚合物和任选一种或多种增塑剂的溶液,形成凝胶物质,并且将凝胶物质形成第一个膜和第二个膜,从而制得第一个膜和第二个膜。胃抗性天然聚合物可以包括,例如,果胶或海藻酸盐。任选,第一个膜和第二个膜可以通过将凝胶物质引入每个鼓的外浇铸表面以连续的方式单独地浇铸在分开的旋转铸造鼓上。冷却鼓可以冷却至低于凝胶物质的温度,这使得凝胶物质在鼓浇铸表面上固化,形成膜。凝胶物质可以以足够提供所需膜厚度的含量分散在层中。膜的厚度可以例如在0.005英寸至0.045英寸的范围中。然后根据美国专利No.6,482,516中所述的方法,可以将第一个和第二个膜从浇铸鼓加入第一个和第二个旋转包胶模具中,在此将该专利全部按引用并入本文中作为参考。
图1A和1B说明了本文中所述的软弹性胶囊。图1A说明了其中软弹性胶囊10包括胶囊壳12(如抗酸胶囊壳)和围绕片剂16的液体或半固体填充剂14的实施方案。图1B说明了其中软弹性胶囊20包括胶囊壳22(如抗酸胶囊壳)和围绕多个片剂26、28、30和32的液体或半固体填充剂24的另一个实施方案。
图2说明了用于制备本文中所述的软弹性胶囊的实施方案。如图2中所示,连续膜40和连续膜42可以分别在牵引辊44和46上送入。牵引辊44和46任选可以涂抹润滑剂。连续膜40从牵引辊44前进至旋转包胶模具48。同样,连续膜42从牵引辊46前进至旋转包胶模具50。包胶模具48和50以相反方向旋转。例如,如图2中所示,包胶模具48可以逆时针旋转,而包胶模具50可以顺时针旋转。来自牵引辊44和46的一层润滑剂可以分别保留在膜40和42的反面,以防止包胶模具48和50接触时粘在膜40和42上。任选,可以在其中膜40和42接触包胶模具48和50的位置附近提供包胶楔52,如本文中进一步描述的。在一些实施方案中,包胶楔52可以加热。第一个和第二个包胶模具48和50,与包胶楔52一起,可以在装置的中心面A附近相对于彼此对称放置。膜40和42分别在包胶楔52和包胶模具48和50之间前进。在一些实施方案中,膜40的表面54和膜42的表面56接触包胶楔52,而第一个膜40的反面58和膜42的反面60分别接触包胶模具48和50。
旋转包胶模具48和旋转包胶模具50旋转,以将膜40和膜42前进在一起形成部分闭合的胶囊62。压制片剂64可以从片剂料斗66释放进入部分闭合的胶囊62中。压制片剂64可以是预先制备的(即,在片剂料斗66中提供之前,压制并形成片剂)。任选,如图2中所示,在包胶楔52中提供片剂料斗66并且片剂64从片剂料斗释放进入部分闭合的胶囊62中。液体或半固体填充剂68可以通过通道70从泵进入部分闭合的胶囊62中,例如,在部分闭合的胶囊中提供片剂64之后。可以在包胶楔52中提供通道70。一旦在部分闭合的胶囊中提供了片剂64和液体或半固体填充剂68,部分闭合的胶囊可以密封形成软弹性胶囊72,如本文中所述的。然后根据本领域已知的方法,可以干燥并抛光软弹性胶囊。
在一些实施方案中,软弹性胶囊可以包括超过一个片剂。图3与图2相似,但包括第二个片剂料斗80,用于将第二种压制片剂82释放进入部分闭合的胶囊84中。第二种压制片剂82可以是预先制备的并且可以在液体或半固体填充剂68和压制片剂64同时、之前或之后释放至部分闭合的胶囊84中。然后如上所述,部分闭合的胶囊84可以密封形成含有多个片剂64和82的软胶囊86。尽管图3的方法提供了一种在相同软弹性胶囊中提供多个片剂的方法,但也可以使用其他方式。例如,可以从图2(或图3)中所示的片剂料斗66中释放超过一个的片剂。
图4和5说明了生产本文中所述的软弹性胶囊的可替换实施方案。在图4中,片剂料斗90将压制片剂92喂入位于包胶模具48上的模具腔94中。片剂92从片剂料斗90释放出来并且放置在膜40的表面54上。片剂料斗90位于装置中心面A远端的包胶楔52末端。片剂92放入模具腔94中在膜40中形成了压印。表面54和包胶楔52的粘性将片剂92保持在膜40上。结果,在由膜40和膜42形成的部分闭合的胶囊96中提供了片剂92。如上所述,可以从通道70将液体或半固体填充剂68加入部分闭合的胶囊96中。如上所述,然后可以将部分闭合的胶囊96密封,形成含有片剂92和填充剂68的软胶囊98。
如图5中所示,可以任选与片剂料斗90相同的方式来提供第二个片剂料斗100,以提供第二种片剂102。第二种压制片剂102可以置于位于包胶模具50上的模具腔104中。片剂102从片剂料斗100释放出来并且置于膜42的表面56上。如图5中所示,片剂料斗100可以位于片剂料斗90对面的包胶楔52的末端上。与使用片剂92一样,第二种片剂102放入模具腔104中在膜42上形成了压印,并且然后前进,以在由膜40和膜42形成的部分闭合的胶囊106中提供。如上所述,还可以将片剂92和液体或半固体填充剂68加入部分闭合的胶囊106中。如上所述,然后将部分闭合的胶囊106密封,形成含有片剂92和102以及填充剂68的软胶囊108。
任选,片剂92可以从位于包胶楔52附近的片剂料斗110中分配至膜40上,如图6中所示。在图6中,片剂92从片剂料斗110释放出来并且置于膜40的表面54上。模具48旋转至出顶杆112的位置,并且将片剂92放入位于模具48上的模具腔94中。如上所述,可以从通道70,通过包胶楔52,将液体或半固体添加剂68加入部分闭合的胶囊96中,并且密封形成软胶囊72。软胶囊72从位于包胶模具上的包胶模具48和50释放出来。
在一些实施方案中,可以使用本领域技术人员已知的方法来测试胶囊壳的强度。例如,可以通过测量Bloom强度来测定用于形成如本文中所述的软胶囊的明胶的强度。Bloom强度测试测定了探针将凝胶表面偏斜而没有刺破所需要的力(例如,以克计)。用于测试的圆柱状探针具有约0.5英寸的直径并且所测试的凝胶的变形可以为约4mm。结果以Bloom(克)来表示。适宜用作胶囊壳的凝胶具有30至300Bloom(例如,100至200Bloom)的Bloom强度。
以下的实施例打算用来进一步说明本文中所述的方法和组合物的特定方面,并且不是用来限制权利要求的范围。
实施例
胶囊壳组合物
表1:胶囊壳组合物1
组分%(重量) | |
明胶 | 35 |
甘油 | 16 |
水 | 46 |
果胶 | 3 |
氯化钙二水合物 | 0.006 |
将以上所列的组分组合并混合形成胶囊壳组合物1,用作胶囊壳的成膜聚合物。胶囊壳组合物1包括果胶作为胃抗性聚合物。
表2:胶囊壳组合物2
组分%(重量) | |
明胶 | 28 |
甘油 | 18 |
水 | 41 |
EUDRAGIT L100 | 11 |
柠檬酸三乙酯 | 1 |
氢氧化铵 | 1 |
将以上所列的组分组合并混合形成胶囊壳组合物2,用作胶囊壳的成膜聚合物。胶囊壳组合物2包括EUDRAGIT L 100,基于甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的阴离子共聚物(Evonik Industries;Essen,德国)。
软弹性胶囊制剂
表3:实施例1-4
按照本文中所述的,使用旋转模具方法,来制备实施例1-4。从上表中所示的胶囊壳组合物1或2制备胶囊壳。实施例1含有鱼油填充剂和肠溶包衣阿司匹林片剂。实施例2含有鱼油填充剂和阿托伐他汀片剂。实施例3含有苯海拉明填充剂和氯雷他定片剂。实施例4含有二甲硅油作为填充剂和洛哌丁胺作为片剂。每种组分的含量显示于上表中。测定了在不同存储条件下随着时间实施例1的鱼油填充剂中的阿司匹林的化学稳定性,并且作为与标签要求相比剩余的活性成分的百分比记录于表1中。RH是指相对湿度。
表4
0个月 | 2.6个月 | 6个月 | |
环境 | - | 99.70% | - |
30℃/65%RH | 99.70% | 99.22% | 98.50% |
40℃/75%RH | 99.70% | 96.20% | 75.26% |
表5:实施例5-9
表6:实施例10-14
按照本文中所述的,使用旋转模具方法,制备了实施例5-14。从胶囊壳组合物1或2(参见表1和2)制备胶囊壳。每种组分的含量显示于上表中。
所附权利要求的胶囊和方法的范围不受本文中所述的特定胶囊和方法的限制,打算将其用作权利要求的一些方面的说明,并且确定功能上等价的任何胶囊和方法落入权利要求的范围内。除了本文中所示和所述的那些,确定胶囊和方法的各种变化落入所附权利要求的范围内。此外,尽管只具体描述了本文中公开的特定代表性的胶囊和方法,确定胶囊和方法步骤的其他组合也落入所附权利要求的范围内,即使没有具体描述。因此,本文中可以明确地提及步骤、要素、组分或成分的组合;然而,包括步骤、要素、组分和成分的其他组合,即使没有明确陈述。本文中使用的术语“包含”及其变化与术语“包括”及其变化同义,并且是开放式的、非限制性术语。尽管术语“包含”和“包括”在本文中用于描述各种实施方案,术语“基本上由……组成”和“由……组成”可以替代“包含”和“包括”使用,以提供本发明更特定的实施方案,并且也是公开的。
Claims (66)
1.一种弹性软胶囊,其包含:
限定了具有预定体积的包胶空间的抗酸胶囊壳;
包含位于包胶空间内的第一种活性成分的液体或半固体填充剂;和
位于包胶空间内的、未固定于胶囊壳且被填充剂包围的具有2mm最小尺寸的第一种压制片剂,所述片剂包含第二种活性成分并且基本上不溶于填充剂。
2.权利要求1的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种压制片剂具有5mm最小尺寸。
3.权利要求1或2的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种压制片剂具有16mm最大尺寸。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中片剂的体积比包胶空间的体积小至少25%。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是药物、营养药物、维生素、矿物质或诊断剂。
6.权利要求1-5任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第二种活性成分是药物、营养药物、维生素、矿物质或诊断剂。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是溶解于药物学上可接受的液体油基载体中的药物活性成分,而第二种活性成分是药物活性成分。
8.权利要求1-6任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分不同于第二种活性成分。
9.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是多不饱和脂肪酸,而第二种活性成分是乙酰水杨酸。
10.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是多不饱和脂肪酸,而第二种活性成分是他汀类。
11.权利要求10的软弹性胶囊,其中他汀类是阿托伐他汀。
12.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是多不饱和脂肪酸,而第二种活性成分是氯吡格雷。
13.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是多不饱和脂肪酸,而第二种活性成分是植物甾醇、辅酶Q10或白藜芦醇。
14.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是多不饱和脂肪酸,而第二种活性成分包括贝沙罗汀、他汀类,或这些的组合。
15.权利要求9-14任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中多不饱和脂肪酸是ω-3脂肪酸。
16.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是苯海拉明,而第二种活性成分是氯雷他定。
17.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是二甲硅油,而第二种活性成分是洛哌丁胺
18.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是抗过敏剂,而第二种活性成分是伪麻黄碱。
19.权利要求18的软弹性胶囊,其中抗过敏剂选自西替利嗪、氯雷他定、非索非那定、苯海拉明、左西替利嗪和地氯雷他定。
20.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是血清素5-HT1A部分激动剂或选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂,而第二种活性成分是安非他酮。
21.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是二甲双胍,而第二种活性成分是米格列醇、匹格列醇,或这些的组合。
22.权利要求1-7任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种活性成分是鲁比前列酮,而第二种活性成分是阿片样物质。
23.权利要求22的软弹性胶囊,其中阿片样物质是氧可酮、氢可酮、吗啡,或这些的组合。
24.权利要求1-21任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中第一种压制片剂与液体或半固体填充剂的体积比为1:0.25至1:100。
25.权利要求1-24任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳由成膜天然聚合物形成。
26.权利要求25的软弹性胶囊,其中成膜天然聚合物包括明胶。
27.权利要求25的软弹性胶囊,其中成膜天然聚合物包括卡拉胶和/或淀粉。
28.权利要求25的软弹性胶囊,其中成膜天然聚合物为胶囊壳重量的约20%至约40%。
29.权利要求1-28任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳包括肠溶包衣层。
30.权利要求1-29任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳进一步由胃抗性天然聚合物形成。
31.权利要求30的软弹性胶囊,其中胃抗性天然聚合物包括果胶。
32.权利要求30的软弹性胶囊,其中胃抗性天然聚合物包括海藻酸盐。
33.权利要求30-32任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胃抗性天然聚合物的浓度为胶囊壳重量的约2%至约10%。
34.权利要求1-32任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳进一步由胶凝剂形成。
35.权利要求34的软弹性胶囊,其中胶凝剂包括二价阳离子盐。
36.权利要求35的软弹性胶囊,其中二价阳离子盐选自钙盐和镁盐。
37.权利要求34-36任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶凝剂的浓度低于约2%的胶囊壳重量。
38.权利要求1-24任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳由成膜合成聚合物形成。
39.权利要求38的软弹性胶囊,其中成膜合成聚合物选自丙烯酸甲酯聚合物、丙烯酸乙酯聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物、醋酸纤维素酞酸酯、聚醋酸乙烯酞酸酯,或这些的组合。
40.权利要求1-39任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳包含一种或多种选自甘油、山梨糖醇、山梨聚糖、甘露糖醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、具有3至6个碳原子的多元醇、柠檬酸、柠檬酸酯、柠檬酸三乙酯,及其组合的增塑剂。
41.权利要求40的软弹性胶囊,其中一种或多种增塑剂的浓度为胶囊壳重量的约8%至约40%。
42.权利要求1-41任一项的软弹性胶囊,进一步包含第二种压制片剂。
43.权利要求42的软弹性胶囊,其中第二种压制片剂包含第三种活性成分。
44.权利要求42或43的软弹性胶囊,其中第二种活性成分与第一种活性成分不相容。
45.权利要求1-44任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳是透明或半透明的。
46.权利要求1-45任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中压制片剂涂覆延迟释放包衣。
47.权利要求1-45任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中压制片剂涂覆持续释放包衣。
48.权利要求1-47任一项的软弹性胶囊,进一步包含一种或多种药物学上可接受的赋形剂。
49.权利要求1-48任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中填充剂是液体填充剂。
50.权利要求1-49任一项的软弹性胶囊,其中胶囊壳只具有一个隔间。
51.一种制备软弹性胶囊的方法,其包括:
(a)在第一个旋转包胶模具上形成包含成膜聚合物的第一个连续膜;
(b)在第二个旋转包胶模具上形成包含成膜聚合物的第二个连续膜;
(c)以相反方向旋转第一个旋转包胶模具和第二个旋转包胶模具,使得第一个膜和第二个膜接触并形成部分闭合的胶囊;
(d)在部分闭合的胶囊中提供第一种压制片剂;
(e)将液体或半固体填充剂注入部分闭合的胶囊中;
(f)将部分闭合的胶囊密封形成软胶囊;和
(g)干燥并抛光软胶囊。
52.权利要求51的方法,其中所述提供步骤(d)包括:
(d1)将第一种压制片剂放置在第一个包胶模具的第一个膜上;和
(d2)任选将第二种压制片剂放置在第二个包胶模具的第二个膜上,
其中所述以相反方向旋转第一个旋转包胶模具和第二个旋转包胶模具使得第一个膜和第二个膜接触并形成部分闭合胶囊的旋转步骤(c)在部分闭合胶囊中提供了第一种压制片剂和任选的第二种压制片剂。
53.权利要求52的方法,其中步骤(d1)和(d2)包括:
(d1)将第一种压制片剂放置在第一个膜上,并且进入第一个包胶模具的模具腔中;和
(d2)任选将第二种压制片剂放置在第二个膜上,并且进入第二个包胶模具的模具腔中。
54.权利要求51的方法,其中所述提供步骤(d)包括在所述旋转步骤(c)后将第一种压制片剂和任选的第二种压制片剂喂入部分闭合的胶囊中。
55.权利要求50-54任一项的方法,进一步包括在第一个膜和第二个膜接触位置附近提供包胶楔。
56.权利要求55的方法,其中通过包胶楔喂入第一种压制片剂。
57.权利要求55或56的方法,其中通过包胶楔注入液体或半固体填充剂。
58.权利要求54-57任一项的方法,其中包胶楔是加热的。
59.权利要求51-58任一项的方法,其中第一种压制片剂和任选的第二种压制片剂是预先制备的。
60.权利要求50-58任一项的方法,其中第一个膜和第二个膜中的成膜聚合物是天然成膜聚合物。
61.权利要求60的方法,其中第一个膜和第二个膜中的天然成膜聚合物包含明胶。
62.权利要求61的方法,其中所述形成第一个膜和形成第二个膜的步骤包括:
制备包含明胶、胃抗性天然聚合物和任选一种或多种增塑剂的溶液,以形成凝胶物质;和
将凝胶物质形成第一个膜和第二个膜。
63.权利要求62的方法,其中胃抗性天然聚合物包括果胶。
64.权利要求62的方法,其中胃抗性天然聚合物包括海藻酸盐。
65.权利要求51-64任一项的方法,其中液体或半固体填充剂包含第一种活性成分,第一种压制片剂包含第二种活性成分,而第二种压制片剂包含第三种活性成分。
66.权利要求64的方法,其中第一种活性成分、第二种活性成分和第三种活性成分彼此不同。
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CN104254323A true CN104254323A (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
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US (2) | US20130280323A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2844235A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2015512945A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104254323A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2868326A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2014011139A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013155430A1 (zh) |
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2013
- 2013-04-12 CA CA2868326A patent/CA2868326A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-04-12 US US13/862,199 patent/US20130280323A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-04-12 CN CN201380019629.4A patent/CN104254323A/zh active Pending
- 2013-04-12 MX MX2014011139A patent/MX2014011139A/es unknown
- 2013-04-12 EP EP13719332.2A patent/EP2844235A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-04-12 WO PCT/US2013/036396 patent/WO2013155430A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-04-12 JP JP2015505947A patent/JP2015512945A/ja active Pending
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2015
- 2015-05-14 US US14/711,835 patent/US20150238429A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2012017326A2 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-02-09 | Procaps Sa | Apparatus and process for encapsulating capsules or other solid dosage forms within capsules |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106994101A (zh) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-01 | 张敬红 | 软胶囊多台阶模具 |
CN108354910A (zh) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-03 | 安士制药(中山)有限公司 | 一种西甲硅油软胶囊 |
CN110283647A (zh) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-27 | 江苏力凡胶囊有限公司 | 一种空心胶囊用脱模剂的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2015512945A (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
MX2014011139A (es) | 2015-07-17 |
US20150238429A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
US20130280323A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
EP2844235A1 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
CA2868326A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
WO2013155430A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
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