CN104251777B - Device and method for detecting combined errors of engine valves - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting combined errors of engine valves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种发动机气门综合误差检测装置及方法，包括计算机、用于检测发动机气门升程运动的随动测头、用于固定所述随动测头的测头支臂、用于检测发动机曲轴相位角度变化的圆光栅编码器以及用于固定所述圆光栅编码器的定位支臂，所述测头支臂以及定位支臂设置于发动机的箱体上，随动测头以及圆光栅编码器通过数据采集卡与计算机相连，本发明可用于发动机装配完成后的气门升程的综合检测，避免了由于凸轮轴等零部件的加工、装配误差造成的气门升程的检测误差，可以实现发动机单气门的升程误差、气门配气相位误差、一组气门的重叠角误差的检测。
The invention provides a comprehensive error detection device and method for an engine valve, which includes a computer, a follow-up probe for detecting the movement of the engine valve lift, a probe support arm for fixing the follow-up probe, and a probe arm for detecting the engine valve lift movement. A circular grating encoder for changing the phase angle of the crankshaft and a positioning support arm for fixing the circular grating encoder. The probe support arm and the positioning support arm are arranged on the casing of the engine, and the follower probe and the circular grating encoding The device is connected with the computer through a data acquisition card. The invention can be used for the comprehensive detection of the valve lift after the engine assembly is completed, avoiding the detection error of the valve lift caused by the processing and assembly errors of parts such as the camshaft, and realizing the engine The detection of the lift error of a single valve, the valve timing error, and the overlap angle error of a group of valves.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于复杂型线的精密测量领域，具体涉及一种发动机气门综合误差检测装置及方法。The invention belongs to the field of precision measurement of complex profiles, and in particular relates to a device and method for comprehensive error detection of engine valves.
背景技术Background technique
发动机气门对发动机的经济性、动力性、振动和噪声特性都有较大的影响。Engine valves have a great influence on the economy, power, vibration and noise characteristics of the engine.
发动机气门的主要作用是通过适时地开启、闭合来实现发动机汽缸的进气与排气。发动机气门开启、闭合的时机以及开启、闭合状态的持续时间对发动机的性能有很大的影响。发动机气门升程误差过大会造成发动机汽缸进、排气阻力增加，充气量下降，影响发动机动力性能，或者，气门关闭不严，造成气缸漏气，工作压力下降，从而导致发动机功率下降，另外，发动机气门升程误差过大，还会造成汽缸进气不足，燃油燃烧不完，多余的燃油随着废气一块儿排出，出现冒黑烟的现象。The main function of the engine valve is to realize the intake and exhaust of the engine cylinder by opening and closing in good time. The opening and closing timing of the engine valve and the duration of the opening and closing state have a great influence on the performance of the engine. Excessive engine valve lift error will cause the engine cylinder intake and exhaust resistance to increase, and the air charge will decrease, which will affect the engine's power performance, or the valve will not close tightly, causing the cylinder to leak, and the working pressure will drop, resulting in a decrease in engine power. In addition, If the valve lift error of the engine is too large, it will also cause insufficient air intake in the cylinder, and the fuel will not be burned completely. The excess fuel will be discharged together with the exhaust gas, and black smoke will appear.
由于发动机气门的升降是通过凸轮轴来实现的，传统的气门升程检测方式为拆除发动机凸轮轴，对凸轮轴上各个凸轮进行型线检测，从而得出其升程曲线、相位参数等信息。但是，由于实际使用过程中凸轮的磨损、凸轮轴及挺杆等零件的加工误差、装配误差，以及升程的测量误差的存在，使测量结果与气门的实际升程相差较大。Since the lift of the engine valve is realized by the camshaft, the traditional valve lift detection method is to remove the engine camshaft and detect the profile of each cam on the camshaft, so as to obtain its lift curve, phase parameters and other information. However, due to the wear of the cam, the machining error of the camshaft and tappet and other parts, the assembly error, and the existence of the measurement error of the lift in the actual use process, the measurement result is quite different from the actual lift of the valve.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种发动机气门综合误差检测装置及方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting comprehensive error of engine valves.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种发动机气门综合误差检测装置，该检测装置包括计算机、数据采集卡、用于检测发动机气门升程运动的随动测头、用于固定所述随动测头的测头支臂、用于检测发动机曲轴相位角度变化的圆光栅编码器以及用于固定所述圆光栅编码器的定位支臂，所述测头支臂以及定位支臂设置于发动机的箱体上，数据采集卡的一端与所述随动测头以及圆光栅编码器相连，另一端与计算机相连。An engine valve comprehensive error detection device, the detection device includes a computer, a data acquisition card, a follow-up probe for detecting engine valve lift movement, a probe support arm for fixing the follow-up probe, and a A circular grating encoder for detecting changes in the phase angle of the crankshaft of the engine and a positioning support arm for fixing the circular grating encoder. The probe support arm and the positioning support arm are arranged on the casing of the engine, and one end of the data acquisition card is connected to the The moving measuring head is connected with the circular grating encoder, and the other end is connected with the computer.
所述随动测头设置于测头支臂上，随动测头的测杆顶压于发动机气门弹簧座上，所述测杆通过伸缩与发动机气门弹簧座同步运动。The follow-up probe is arranged on the support arm of the probe, and the measuring rod of the follow-up probe presses against the engine valve spring seat, and the measuring rod moves synchronously with the engine valve spring seat through stretching.
所述随动测头包括测头基板、直线导轨、弹簧、滑板、测杆、光栅尺以及光栅尺读数头，测头基板与所述测头支臂相连，直线导轨以及光栅尺读数头设置于测头基板上，滑板设置于直线导轨上，测杆以及光栅尺设置于滑板上，弹簧的一端与滑板相连，另一端与固定于测头基板上的基座相连，光栅尺读数头通过所述数据采集卡与计算机相连。The follow-up measuring head includes a measuring head substrate, a linear guide rail, a spring, a slide plate, a measuring rod, a grating ruler and a grating ruler reading head, the measuring head substrate is connected to the probe arm, and the linear guide rail and the grating ruler reading head are arranged on On the probe base plate, the slide plate is set on the linear guide rail, the measuring rod and the grating ruler are set on the slide plate, one end of the spring is connected with the slide plate, and the other end is connected with the base fixed on the probe base plate, and the grating scale reading head passes through the The data acquisition card is connected with the computer.
所述随动测头为一个或多个，随动测头的数量与需要检测的发动机气门数量相同。There are one or more follow-up probes, and the number of follow-up probes is the same as the number of engine valves to be detected.
所述检测装置还包括圆光栅编码器安装板，圆光栅编码器安装板的一端与圆光栅编码器的安装法兰盘相连，另一端与发动机曲轴外露端相连。The detection device also includes a circular grating encoder mounting plate, one end of the circular grating encoder mounting plate is connected to the mounting flange of the circular grating encoder, and the other end is connected to the exposed end of the engine crankshaft.
一种发动机气门综合误差检测方法，包括以下步骤：A method for detecting an engine valve comprehensive error, comprising the following steps:
手动或通过电机带动发动机曲轴转动，计算机通过数据采集卡同步采集两路检测数据，一路检测数据为圆光栅编码器记录的发动机曲轴的相位角度的变化，另一路检测数据为随动测头记录的发动机气门弹簧座的升程变化信息，计算机根据两路检测数据计算气门升程误差以及气门配气相位误差。The crankshaft of the engine is driven manually or by a motor, and the computer collects two detection data synchronously through the data acquisition card. One detection data is the change of the phase angle of the engine crankshaft recorded by the circular grating encoder, and the other detection data is the change of the servo probe. For the lift change information of the engine valve spring seat, the computer calculates the valve lift error and the valve timing error based on the two-way detection data.
计算机将发动机曲轴的相位角度的变化信息转换为发动机凸轮轴的相位角度的变化信息，并根据发动机凸轮轴的理论升程变化与发动机气门的升程变化的理论转换关系得到发动机单气门随发动机曲轴相位角度变化的理论升程变化信息；计算机通过将随动测头记录的发动机气门弹簧座的升程变化信息与所述理论升程变化信息进行比较得到发动机单气门的升程误差以及气门配气相位误差。The computer converts the change information of the phase angle of the engine crankshaft into the change information of the phase angle of the engine camshaft, and according to the theoretical conversion relationship between the theoretical lift change of the engine camshaft and the lift change of the engine valve, the engine single valve with the engine crankshaft The theoretical lift change information of the phase angle change; the computer obtains the lift error of the single valve of the engine and the valve timing by comparing the lift change information of the engine valve spring seat recorded by the moving probe with the theoretical lift change information. bit error.
所述计算机还通过计算一组发动机气门的理论重叠角和实际重叠角得到一组气门的重叠角误差。The computer also calculates the theoretical overlap angle and the actual overlap angle of a group of engine valves to obtain the overlap angle error of a group of valves.
本发明的有益效果体现在：The beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:
本发明可用于发动机装配完成后的气门升程的综合检测，避免了由于凸轮轴等零部件的加工、装配误差造成的气门升程的检测误差，可以实现发动机单气门的升程误差、气门配气相位误差、一组气门的重叠角误差的检测。The invention can be used for the comprehensive detection of the valve lift after the engine assembly is completed, avoiding the detection error of the valve lift caused by the processing and assembly errors of parts such as the camshaft, and can realize the lift error of the single valve of the engine, the valve distribution Detection of gas phase error and overlap angle error of a group of valves.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的总体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明所述随动测头的内部结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the follow-up probe of the present invention;
图3为本发明所述随动测头的外部结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the servo measuring head according to the present invention;
图中：1为模拟发动机箱体、2为随动测头、3为测头支臂、4为圆光栅编码器定位支臂、5为圆光栅编码器安装板、6为安装法兰盘、7为圆光栅编码器、8为测头基板、9为弹簧、10为高精度直线导轨、11为滑板、12为高分辨率光栅尺、13为光栅尺读数头、14为测杆、15为发动机气门弹簧座、16为基座、17为测头盖板。In the figure: 1 is the simulated engine case, 2 is the follower probe, 3 is the probe support arm, 4 is the circular grating encoder positioning arm, 5 is the circular grating encoder mounting plate, 6 is the installation flange, 7 is a circular grating encoder, 8 is a probe substrate, 9 is a spring, 10 is a high-precision linear guide, 11 is a slide plate, 12 is a high-resolution grating ruler, 13 is a grating ruler reading head, 14 is a measuring rod, and 15 is a Engine valve spring seat, 16 is a base, and 17 is a probe cover plate.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
参见图1，本发明所述发动机气门综合误差检测装置包括计算机、数据采集卡、用于检测发动机气门升程运动的随动测头2、用于固定所述随动测头的测头支臂3、用于检测发动机曲轴相位角度变化的圆光栅编码器7以及用于固定所述圆光栅编码器的定位支臂(即圆光栅编码器定位支臂4)，所述测头支臂3以及定位支臂设置于发动机的箱体上，数据采集卡的一端与所述随动测头2以及圆光栅编码器7相连，另一端与计算机相连。所述随动测头2设置于测头支臂3上，随动测头2的测杆以一定压缩量顶压于被测发动机气门弹簧座15上，所述测杆通过伸缩与发动机气门弹簧座15同步运动。所述检测装置还包括圆光栅编码器安装板5，圆光栅编码器安装板5的一端与圆光栅编码器的安装法兰盘6相连，另一端与发动机曲轴外露端相连，圆光栅编码器安装板可以随曲轴一起转动，以实现曲轴相位变化检测。Referring to Fig. 1, the engine valve comprehensive error detection device of the present invention comprises computer, data acquisition card, the follow-up probe 2 that is used to detect engine valve lift motion, the probe support arm that is used to fix described follow-up probe 3. The circular grating encoder 7 used to detect the engine crankshaft phase angle change and the positioning support arm (that is, the circular grating encoder positioning support arm 4) for fixing the circular grating encoder, the probe support arm 3 and The positioning support arm is arranged on the casing of the engine, and one end of the data acquisition card is connected with the said moving measuring head 2 and the circular grating encoder 7, and the other end is connected with the computer. The follow-up measuring head 2 is arranged on the measuring head support arm 3, and the measuring rod of the following moving measuring head 2 is pressed against the valve spring seat 15 of the engine valve under test with a certain amount of compression. Seat 15 moves synchronously. The detection device also includes a circular grating encoder mounting plate 5, one end of the circular grating encoder mounting plate 5 is connected with the mounting flange 6 of the circular grating encoder, and the other end is connected with the exposed end of the crankshaft of the engine, and the circular grating encoder is installed The plate can rotate with the crankshaft to realize crankshaft phase change detection.
参见图2以及图3，所述随动测头2包括测头基板8、测头盖板17(用于与测头基板拼合形成随动测头的外壳，保护随动测头的其他部分)、高精度直线导轨10、弹簧9、滑板11、测杆14、高分辨率光栅尺12以及光栅尺读数头13，测头基板8与所述测头支臂3相连，高精度直线导轨以及光栅尺读数头13设置于测头基板8上，滑板11设置于高精度直线导轨上，并可沿高精度直线导轨上下运动，测杆14以及高分辨率光栅尺设置于滑板11上，弹簧9的一端与滑板11相连，另一端与固定于测头基板上的基座16相连，光栅尺读数头13通过所述数据采集卡与计算机相连。当发动机气门弹簧座15运动时，测杆14通过滑板11在高精度直线导轨10上的运动以及弹簧9的作用实现伸缩随动，当滑板11运动时，光栅尺读数头13与高分辨率光栅尺12配合完成测杆运动变化量的采集和输出。Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the servo probe 2 includes a probe substrate 8 and a probe cover plate 17 (used to be combined with the probe substrate to form a casing of the servo probe to protect other parts of the servo probe) , high-precision linear guide rail 10, spring 9, slide plate 11, measuring rod 14, high-resolution grating ruler 12 and grating ruler reading head 13, the probe substrate 8 is connected with the probe support arm 3, and the high-precision linear guide rail and grating The ruler reading head 13 is set on the probe substrate 8, the slide plate 11 is set on the high-precision linear guide rail, and can move up and down along the high-precision linear guide rail, the measuring rod 14 and the high-resolution grating ruler are set on the slide plate 11, and the spring 9 One end is connected with the slide plate 11, and the other end is connected with the base 16 fixed on the base plate of the measuring head. The grating ruler reading head 13 is connected with the computer through the data acquisition card. When the engine valve spring seat 15 moves, the measuring rod 14 realizes telescopic follow-up through the movement of the slide plate 11 on the high-precision linear guide rail 10 and the action of the spring 9. When the slide plate 11 moves, the grating ruler reading head 13 and the high-resolution grating The ruler 12 cooperates to complete the collection and output of the movement variation of the measuring rod.
所述随动测头2为一个或多个，随动测头2的数量与需要检测的发动机气门数量相同，以同时检测多个气门。There are one or more follow-up probes 2, and the number of follow-up probes 2 is the same as the number of engine valves to be detected, so as to detect multiple valves simultaneously.
基于上述发动机气门综合误差检测装置的发动机气门综合误差检测方法，包括以下步骤：The engine valve comprehensive error detection method based on the above-mentioned engine valve comprehensive error detection device comprises the following steps:
手动或通过电机带动发动机曲轴转动，曲轴带动凸轮轴转动，凸轮轴的凸轮通过直接或间接的顶压弹簧座带动气门的升降，计算机通过数据采集卡同步采集两路检测数据，一路检测数据为圆光栅编码器7记录的发动机曲轴的相位角度的变化，另一路检测数据为随动测头2记录的发动机气门弹簧座的升程变化信息，即气门的升程变化信息，计算机的分析软件系统根据两路检测数据计算气门升程误差以及气门配气相位误差。The crankshaft of the engine is driven manually or through the motor, and the crankshaft drives the camshaft to rotate. The cam of the camshaft drives the valve up and down through the direct or indirect pressure spring seat. The computer collects two detection data synchronously through the data acquisition card. The change of the phase angle of the engine crankshaft recorded by the grating encoder 7, and the other detection data is the lift change information of the engine valve spring seat recorded by the moving probe 2, that is, the lift change information of the valve. The analysis software system of the computer is based on The two-way detection data calculates the valve lift error and the valve timing error.
具体的说，计算机将发动机曲轴的相位角度的变化信息转换为发动机凸轮轴的相位角度的变化信息，并根据发动机凸轮轴的理论升程变化与发动机气门的升程变化的理论转换关系得到发动机单气门随发动机曲轴相位角度变化的理论升程变化信息；由于发动机气门弹簧座的升程变化相当于发动机气门的升程变化，计算机通过将随动测头记录的发动机气门弹簧座的升程变化信息与所述理论升程变化信息进行比较得到发动机单气门的升程误差以及气门配气相位误差。所述计算机的分析软件系统还通过计算一组发动机气门的理论重叠角和实际重叠角得到一组气门的重叠角误差。Specifically, the computer converts the change information of the phase angle of the engine crankshaft into the change information of the phase angle of the engine camshaft, and obtains the engine single angle according to the theoretical conversion relationship between the theoretical lift change of the engine camshaft and the lift change of the engine valve. The theoretical lift change information of the valve with the change of the engine crankshaft phase angle; since the lift change of the engine valve spring seat is equivalent to the lift change of the engine valve, the computer will record the lift change information of the engine valve spring seat by the follow-up probe Compared with the theoretical lift change information, the lift error and valve timing error of the single valve of the engine are obtained. The analysis software system of the computer also obtains the overlap angle error of a group of valves by calculating the theoretical overlap angle and the actual overlap angle of a group of engine valves.
实施例Example
一种发动机气门综合误差检测装置，包括圆光栅编码器、圆光栅编码器安装板、随动测头、测头支臂、圆光栅编码器定位支臂及计算机与分析软件系统。圆光栅编码器的安装法兰盘安装于圆光栅编码器安装板上，圆光栅编码器安装板安装于发动机曲轴的外露端，用于测量被测发动机曲轴的相位角度变化。圆光栅编码器安装板与发动机曲轴的外露端栓接，使得圆光栅编码器的回转中心与发动机曲轴的回转中心重合。圆光栅编码器定位支臂安装于发动机箱体上，用于圆光栅编码器的相位角度定位，保证在曲轴回转过程中，圆光栅编码器外壳不随曲轴一起回转。测头支臂固定于发动机箱体，作为随动测头的支撑结构，随动测头安装于测头支臂上，随动测头的测杆以一定压缩量顶压于被测发动机气门对应的弹簧座上。An engine valve comprehensive error detection device comprises a circular grating encoder, a circular grating encoder mounting plate, a follow-up probe, a probe support arm, a circular grating encoder positioning support arm, and a computer and analysis software system. The mounting flange of the circular grating encoder is installed on the circular grating encoder mounting plate, and the circular grating encoder mounting plate is mounted on the exposed end of the engine crankshaft for measuring the phase angle change of the engine crankshaft under test. The circular grating encoder mounting plate is bolted to the exposed end of the engine crankshaft, so that the rotary center of the circular grating encoder coincides with the rotary center of the engine crankshaft. The circular grating encoder positioning support arm is installed on the engine case for the phase angle positioning of the circular grating encoder to ensure that the circular grating encoder housing does not rotate with the crankshaft during the crankshaft rotation. The probe support arm is fixed on the engine case as the supporting structure of the follow-up probe. The follow-up probe is installed on the probe support arm. on the spring seat.
随动测头中，光栅尺读数头与高精度直线导轨置于测头基板上，滑板置于高精度直线导轨上，并可沿高精度直线导轨上下运动，测杆以及光栅尺置于滑板上，弹簧置于基座与滑板之间。In the follow-up probe, the grating ruler reading head and high-precision linear guide are placed on the base plate of the probe, the slide plate is placed on the high-precision linear guide, and can move up and down along the high-precision linear guide, and the measuring rod and grating ruler are placed on the slide. , the spring is placed between the base and the slide.
每套发动机气门综合误差检测装置可根据气门数量或检测需要配备多套随动测头、测头支臂，达到同时检测多个气门综合误差的目的。Each set of engine valve comprehensive error detection device can be equipped with multiple sets of follow-up probes and probe support arms according to the number of valves or detection needs, so as to achieve the purpose of simultaneously detecting multiple valve comprehensive errors.
被测发动机曲轴可手动旋转，也可通过电机带动旋转。采集卡所采集到的数据由计算机的分析软件系统进行分析处理，计算得出单气门的升程误差、气门配气相位误差、一组气门的重叠角误差。The crankshaft of the engine under test can be rotated manually or driven by a motor. The data collected by the acquisition card is analyzed and processed by the computer analysis software system, and the lift error of a single valve, the valve timing error of the valve, and the overlap angle error of a group of valves are calculated.
检测过程中，手动或通过电机带动曲轴转动，曲轴带动凸轮轴转动，凸轮轴的凸轮通过直接或间接的顶压弹簧座带动气门的升降。圆光栅编码器记录曲轴的相位角度的变化，并通过采集卡由计算机进行采集，同时，被测气门对应的弹簧座的升程变化信息即气门的升程变化信息通过随动测头记录，由采集卡实现与相位角度变化信息的计算机同步采集。最后，由计算机的分析软件系统实现单气门的升程误差、气门配气相位误差、一组气门的重叠角误差检测。During the detection process, the crankshaft is driven manually or by a motor, the crankshaft drives the camshaft to rotate, and the cam of the camshaft drives the valve up and down through direct or indirect pressing against the spring seat. The circular grating encoder records the change of the phase angle of the crankshaft, which is collected by the computer through the acquisition card. At the same time, the lift change information of the spring seat corresponding to the measured valve, that is, the lift change information of the valve, is recorded by the servo probe, and is obtained by The acquisition card realizes the synchronous acquisition with the computer of the phase angle change information. Finally, the analysis software system of the computer realizes the detection of the lift error of a single valve, the valve timing error of a valve, and the overlap angle error of a group of valves.
在实际传动中，曲轴通过特定的传动比带动凸轮轴转动，凸轮轴的升程又通过特定的传动机构传动到发动机气门上，实际测量中，计算机将圆光栅编码器测得的曲轴的相位变化转换为凸轮轴的相位变化，由于弹簧座与气门之间是刚性连接的，随动测头记录的弹簧座的升程变化即为发动机气门的升程变化。In actual transmission, the crankshaft drives the camshaft to rotate through a specific transmission ratio, and the lift of the camshaft is transmitted to the engine valve through a specific transmission mechanism. Converted to the phase change of the camshaft, since the spring seat and the valve are rigidly connected, the lift change of the spring seat recorded by the follow-up probe is the lift change of the engine valve.
因为发动机凸轮轴的升程变化通过一定的比例转换为气门的升程变化，通过软件计算，可将凸轮轴的升程变化转换为气门的升程变化，结合由曲轴相位角度变化与凸轮轴相位角度变化的转换关系，可以得到气门的理论升程变化信息，将其与实际升程变化信息比较，可得到单气门的升程误差以及气门配气相位误差，利用一组气门的检测数据进一步还可以得到一组气门的重叠角误差。Because the lift change of the engine camshaft is converted into the lift change of the valve through a certain ratio, through software calculation, the lift change of the camshaft can be converted into the lift change of the valve, combined with the change of the crankshaft phase angle and the camshaft phase The conversion relationship of the angle change can obtain the theoretical lift change information of the valve, and compare it with the actual lift change information to obtain the lift error of a single valve and the valve timing error, and use a group of valve detection data to further calculate The overlap angle error of a group of valves can be obtained.
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