CN104237792B - Battery capacity prediction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
电池容量预测方法通过将电池放电至截止电压后静置,然后再以相同放电倍率放电,重复的以相同放电倍率对电池放电至电池的电压与截止电压的差小于放电阈值,再改变额定放电倍率对电池放电,从而能够获得放电倍率与电池的容量的函数关系,即函数C′=f(I)。由于实际应用中的放电电流并非一直不变的,因此,检测电池在放电至时间t0的各时刻的放电电流,然后计算均值放电电流再根据函数C′=f(I)获取电池以放电电流放电的电池容量C′(t0);从而能够对根据函数C′=f(I)计算出来的电池容量作出预测,最终通过C′与C′(t0)的对应关系获取新的函数关系上述方法符合放电倍率关系及能够将电池电量放尽,因而得到精确的电池容量预测结果。
The battery capacity prediction method discharges the battery to the cut-off voltage and then discharges it at the same discharge rate, repeatedly discharges the battery at the same discharge rate until the difference between the voltage of the battery and the cut-off voltage is less than the discharge threshold, and then changes the rated discharge rate Discharge the battery, so that the functional relationship between the discharge rate and the capacity of the battery can be obtained, that is, the function C'=f(I). Since the discharge current in practical applications is not always constant, the discharge current at each moment when the battery is discharged to time t0 is detected, and then the average discharge current is calculated Then according to the function C'=f(I) to obtain the battery to discharge the current Discharged battery capacity C'(t 0 ); so that the battery capacity calculated according to the function C'=f(I) can be predicted, and finally a new functional relationship can be obtained through the corresponding relationship between C' and C'(t 0 ) The above-mentioned method conforms to the relationship of discharge rate and can exhaust the battery power, thus obtaining accurate battery capacity prediction results.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电池容量计算方法,特别是涉及一种精确的电池容量预测方法。The invention relates to a battery capacity calculation method, in particular to an accurate battery capacity prediction method.
背景技术Background technique
目前对于储能电池及动力电池的性能研究及测试越来越深入,其中测试包括对于电池的物理特性(电池的外观、抗压性、抗震性等)及化学特性(电池的充放电性能)的测试,其中每种测试还细分为对于单体电池性能(各单体电压、温度、及各种充放电参数)及电池组性能(电池组的整体差异性、SOH、荷电状态(SOC)及其它充放电参数)的测试。At present, the performance research and testing of energy storage batteries and power batteries are getting more and more in-depth, and the testing includes the physical characteristics of batteries (battery appearance, pressure resistance, shock resistance, etc.) and chemical characteristics (battery charge and discharge performance). Tests, each of which is subdivided into individual battery performance (each cell voltage, temperature, and various charge and discharge parameters) and battery pack performance (the overall difference of the battery pack, SOH, state of charge (SOC) and other charge and discharge parameters) test.
在电池的SOC计算中需要利用公式: In the SOC calculation of the battery, the formula needs to be used:
其中的C′是电池在本次放电过程中能放出的电量,它是放电温度及放电倍率的函数。Among them, C' is the amount of electricity that the battery can discharge during this discharge process, which is a function of the discharge temperature and discharge rate.
一般电池容量计算方法中,排除温度的影响(即认为电池都是在恒温下放电的)。对于不同的放电温度对于容量的影响实验目前有两种都是在恒流放电下进行的:In the general battery capacity calculation method, the influence of temperature is excluded (that is, the battery is considered to be discharged at a constant temperature). For the influence of different discharge temperatures on capacity, there are currently two types of experiments that are carried out under constant current discharge:
一种方法是将电池以厂家给的额定充电方法将电池以恒压再恒流的情况下对于电池充电至额定电压再静置一段时间。将电池按照单一的放电倍率放电至截止电压,改变放电倍率重复实验,最后得到该电池的容量与放电倍率的关系。但是这种方法没有考虑到在放电过程中放电至截止电压而静置后电压会升高,也就是电量没有放尽的问题。因此计算出来的电池容量不精确。One method is to charge the battery to the rated voltage under the condition of constant voltage and constant current according to the rated charging method given by the manufacturer, and then let it stand for a period of time. The battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage according to a single discharge rate, and the experiment is repeated by changing the discharge rate, and finally the relationship between the capacity of the battery and the discharge rate is obtained. However, this method does not take into account that the voltage will rise after being discharged to the cut-off voltage during the discharge process, that is, the problem that the power is not exhausted. Therefore, the calculated battery capacity is not accurate.
另一种方法是将电池以厂家给的额定充电方法将电池以恒压再恒流的情况下对于电池充电至额定电压再静置一段时间。将电池按照单一的放电倍率放电至截止电压,静置一段时间,在以设定的小电流放电至截止电压,整个过程放出的电量定义为该放电倍率下的电量。改变放电倍率重复实验,最后得到该电池的容量与放电倍率的关系。但是这种方法在第二个放电阶段为设定的小电流放电,这个并不符合该放电倍率的规律。因此计算出来的电池容量也不精确。Another method is to charge the battery to the rated voltage under the condition of constant voltage and constant current according to the rated charging method given by the manufacturer, and then let it stand for a period of time. Discharge the battery to the cut-off voltage according to a single discharge rate, let it stand for a period of time, and discharge it to the cut-off voltage with a set small current. The electricity released during the whole process is defined as the electricity under the discharge rate. Repeat the experiment by changing the discharge rate, and finally obtain the relationship between the capacity of the battery and the discharge rate. However, this method discharges the set small current in the second discharge stage, which does not conform to the law of the discharge rate. Therefore, the calculated battery capacity is also inaccurate.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于此,提供一种精确的电池容量预测方法。Based on this, an accurate battery capacity prediction method is provided.
一种电池容量预测方法,包括以下步骤:A battery capacity prediction method, comprising the following steps:
步骤A,以额定的放电倍率将电池放电至截止电压;Step A, discharge the battery to the cut-off voltage at the rated discharge rate;
步骤B,将放电至截止电压的电池静置后再以相同的放电倍率放电至截止电压;Step B, the battery discharged to the cut-off voltage is left to stand and then discharged to the cut-off voltage at the same discharge rate;
步骤C,重复步骤B至电池的电压与截止电压的差小于放电阈值;Step C, repeating step B until the difference between the voltage of the battery and the cut-off voltage is less than the discharge threshold;
步骤D,改变额定放电倍率按步骤A-步骤C对电池放电,再根据放电倍率与对应的电池容量获得电池容量与放电倍率的函数关系C′=f(I);C′为电池容量,I为放电倍率;Step D, change the rated discharge rate and discharge the battery according to steps A-step C, and then obtain the functional relationship C'=f(I) between the battery capacity and the discharge rate according to the discharge rate and the corresponding battery capacity; C' is the battery capacity, I is the discharge rate;
步骤E,计算电池在放电时间0至时间t0的均值放电电流并根据函数C′=f(I)获取电池以均值放电电流放电的电池容量C′(t0);Step E, calculate the average discharge current of the battery from discharge time 0 to time t 0 And according to the function C'=f(I) to obtain the battery with the average discharge current Discharged battery capacity C′(t 0 );
步骤F,采用步骤E获取0至多个时间点对应的均值放电电流及电池容量C′(t0);根据t0及均值放电电流与C′(t0)的对应关系获得新的函数关系g为加权系数。在其中一个实施例中,所述以额定的放电倍率将电池放电至截止电压的步骤包括:Step F, use step E to obtain the average discharge current corresponding to 0 to multiple time points and battery capacity C′(t 0 ); according to t 0 and the average discharge current The corresponding relationship with C′(t 0 ) obtains a new functional relationship g is the weighting coefficient. In one of the embodiments, the step of discharging the battery to the cut-off voltage at a rated discharge rate includes:
电池以波动的额定放电倍率放电至截止电压。The battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage at a fluctuating rated discharge rate.
在其中一个实施例中,所述放电阈值与电池容量预测精度成正比。In one of the embodiments, the discharge threshold is directly proportional to the battery capacity prediction accuracy.
在其中一个实施例中,将放电至截止电压的电池静置20-30分钟后再以相同的放电倍率放电至截止电压。In one embodiment, the battery discharged to the cut-off voltage is left to stand for 20-30 minutes and then discharged to the cut-off voltage at the same discharge rate.
在其中一个实施例中,将放电至截止电压的电池静置20分钟后再以相同的放电倍率放电至截止电压。In one of the embodiments, the battery discharged to the cut-off voltage is left to stand for 20 minutes and then discharged to the cut-off voltage at the same discharge rate.
在其中一个实施例中,计算电池在放电至时间t0的均值放电电流时电池处于放电状态。In one of the embodiments, calculate the average discharge current of the battery when it is discharged to time t 0 The battery is in discharge state.
上述电池容量预测方法通过将电池放电至截止电压后静置,然后再以相同放电倍率放电,重复的以相同放电倍率对电池放电至电池的电压与截止电压的差小于放电阈值,再改变额定放电倍率对电池放电,从而能够获得放电倍率与电池的容量的函数关系,即函数C′=f(I)。由于实际应用中的放电倍率并非一直不变的,因此,检测电池在放电至时间t0的各时刻的放电倍率。然后计算均值放电电流再根据函数C′=f(I)获取电池以均值放电电流放电的电池容量C′(t0);从而能够对根据函数C′=f(I)计算出来的电池容量作出预测,最终通过C′与C′(t0)的对应关系获取新的函数关系上述方法符合放电倍率关系及能够将电池电量放尽,因而得到精确的电池容量预测结果。The above-mentioned battery capacity prediction method discharges the battery to the cut-off voltage and then stands still, then discharges the battery at the same discharge rate, repeatedly discharges the battery at the same discharge rate until the difference between the voltage of the battery and the cut-off voltage is less than the discharge threshold, and then changes the rated discharge rate. The rate discharges the battery, so that the functional relationship between the discharge rate and the capacity of the battery can be obtained, that is, the function C'=f(I). Since the discharge rate in practical applications is not always constant, the discharge rate at each moment when the battery is discharged to time t0 is detected. Then calculate the average discharge current Then according to the function C'=f(I) to obtain the average discharge current of the battery Discharged battery capacity C'(t 0 ); so that the battery capacity calculated according to the function C'=f(I) can be predicted, and finally a new functional relationship can be obtained through the corresponding relationship between C' and C'(t 0 ) The above-mentioned method conforms to the relationship of discharge rate and can exhaust the battery power, thus obtaining accurate battery capacity prediction results.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为电池容量预测方法的流程图;Fig. 1 is the flowchart of battery capacity prediction method;
图2为电池容量与放电倍率的函数曲线图。Fig. 2 is a function graph of battery capacity and discharge rate.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示,为电池容量预测方法的流程图。As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a flowchart of a battery capacity prediction method.
一种电池容量预测方法,包括以下步骤:A battery capacity prediction method, comprising the following steps:
步骤S110,以额定的放电倍率将电池放电至截止电压。Step S110, discharging the battery to the cut-off voltage at a rated discharge rate.
放电倍率是指电池在规定的时间内放出其额定容量时所需要的电流值,它在数据值上等于电池额定容量的倍数,通常以字母C表示。如电池的标称额定容量为600mAh为1C(1倍率),300mAh则为0.5C,6A(600mAh)为10C。The discharge rate refers to the current value required by the battery to release its rated capacity within a specified time. It is equal to the multiple of the rated capacity of the battery in terms of data value, and is usually represented by the letter C. For example, the nominal rated capacity of the battery is 600mAh is 1C (1 rate), 300mAh is 0.5C, and 6A (600mAh) is 10C.
时率又称小时率,时率指电池以一定的电流放完其额定容量所需要的小时数。如电池的额定容量为600mAh,以600mAh的电流放完其额定容量需1小时,故称600mAh的电流为1小时率。The hour rate is also called the hour rate, and the hour rate refers to the number of hours required for the battery to discharge its rated capacity with a certain current. For example, the rated capacity of the battery is 600mAh, and it takes 1 hour to discharge the rated capacity with a current of 600mAh, so the current of 600mAh is called 1 hour rate.
在本实施例中,根据电池电压设定放电倍率。In this embodiment, the discharge rate is set according to the battery voltage.
步骤S120,将放电至截止电压的电池静置后再以相同的放电倍率放电至截止电压。Step S120 , the battery discharged to the cut-off voltage is left to stand and then discharged to the cut-off voltage at the same discharge rate.
将放电至截止电压的电池静置20-30分钟后再以相同的放电倍率放电至截止电压。Let the battery discharged to the cut-off voltage stand for 20-30 minutes and then discharge to the cut-off voltage at the same discharge rate.
优选地,将放电至截止电压的电池静置20分钟后再以相同的放电倍率放电至截止电压。Preferably, the battery discharged to the cut-off voltage is left to stand for 20 minutes and then discharged to the cut-off voltage at the same discharge rate.
以额定放电倍率将电池放电至截止电压的步骤包括:The steps to discharge the battery to the cut-off voltage at the rated discharge rate include:
电池以波动的额定放电倍率放电至截止电压。The battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage at a fluctuating rated discharge rate.
在放电过程中,额定放电倍率具有波动性的。During the discharge process, the rated discharge rate fluctuates.
一般地,电池在放电至截止电压后,放置一段时间,电压会再次升高,因此,对于额定放电倍率的放电的电池。需要不断的对电池以额定放电倍率放电,至静置后的电池电压与截止电压的差小于放电阈值。Generally, after the battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage, it is placed for a period of time, and the voltage will rise again. Therefore, for a discharged battery with a rated discharge rate. It is necessary to continuously discharge the battery at the rated discharge rate until the difference between the battery voltage after standing still and the cut-off voltage is less than the discharge threshold.
步骤130,重复执行步骤120至电池的电压与截止电压的差小于放电阈值。即判断电池的电压与截止电压的差是否小于放电阈值,若是,则执行步骤S140,若否,则执行步骤S120。Step 130, repeat step 120 until the difference between the voltage of the battery and the cut-off voltage is less than the discharge threshold. That is, it is judged whether the difference between the voltage of the battery and the cut-off voltage is smaller than the discharge threshold, if yes, execute step S140, and if not, execute step S120.
放电阈值与电池容量预测精度成正比。对于给定的容量精度,电池从放电阀值电压以小电流放电至截止电压,所放出的电量与电池额定容量之比应小于该容量精度。The discharge threshold is proportional to the battery capacity prediction accuracy. For a given capacity accuracy, the battery is discharged from the discharge threshold voltage to the cut-off voltage with a small current, and the ratio of the discharged power to the battery rated capacity should be less than the capacity accuracy.
步骤S140,改变额定放电倍率按步骤110-步骤130对电池放电,再根据放电倍率与对应的电池容量获得电池容量与放电倍率的函数关系C′=f(I);C′为电池容量,I为放电倍率。Step S140, change the rated discharge rate and discharge the battery according to steps 110-130, then obtain the functional relationship C'=f(I) between the battery capacity and the discharge rate according to the discharge rate and the corresponding battery capacity; C' is the battery capacity, I is the discharge rate.
在本实施例中,随着电池的放电,电池能放出的总容量是个变量。当放电电流增大时,电池对应放出的总容量就会减小;相应的,当放电电流减小时,电池对应放出的总容量就会增加。因此,改变放电倍率,对应的电池容量也会随着改变。从而根据电池容量会随放电倍率改变而得到函数关系C′=f(I),如图2所示。In this embodiment, the total capacity that the battery can discharge is a variable as the battery is discharged. When the discharge current increases, the total capacity released by the battery will decrease; correspondingly, when the discharge current decreases, the total capacity released by the battery will increase. Therefore, changing the discharge rate will also change the corresponding battery capacity. Therefore, according to the change of the battery capacity with the discharge rate, a functional relationship C′=f(I) is obtained, as shown in FIG. 2 .
步骤S150,计算电池在放电时间0至时间t0的均值放电电流并根据函数C′=f(I)获取电池以均值放电电流放电的电池容量C′(t0)。Step S150, calculating the average discharge current of the battery from discharge time 0 to time t0 And according to the function C'=f(I) to obtain the battery with the average discharge current Discharged battery capacity C'(t 0 ).
计算电池在放电时间0至时间t0的均值放电电流时电池处于放电状态。放电时间0指电池处于满电荷状态。如果电池处于充电状态,则已经在函数C′=f(I)计算范围之内,因为只有电池的放电状态会对影响电池的可放电容量。Calculate the average discharge current of the battery from discharge time 0 to time t 0 The battery is in discharge state. A discharge time of 0 means the battery is fully charged. If the battery is in a charging state, it is already within the calculation range of the function C'=f(I), because only the discharging state of the battery will affect the dischargeable capacity of the battery.
步骤S150具体为以电池在该次放电时间0至时间t0的均值电流在函数C′=f(I)对应的因变量值为在时刻t点对应电池容量的预测值。Step S150 is specifically to use the value of the dependent variable corresponding to the function C'=f(I) of the average current of the battery from time 0 to time t0 of this discharge as the predicted value corresponding to the battery capacity at time t.
步骤S160,采用步骤150获取0至多个时间点对应的均值放电电流及电池容量C′(t0);根据t0及均值放电电流与C′(t0)的对应关系获得新的函数关系 g为加权系数。Step S160, using step 150 to obtain the average discharge current corresponding to 0 to multiple time points and battery capacity C′(t 0 ); according to t 0 and the average discharge current The corresponding relationship with C′(t 0 ) obtains a new functional relationship g is the weighting coefficient.
按照步骤S160获得多个时间点对应的均值放电电流及电池容量C′(t0);由于电池容量与放电倍率具有函数关系,因此,根据t0及均值放电电流与C′(t0)的对应关系获得新的函数关系 g为加权系数。由于实际应用中,电流是具有波动性的,因此,需要对函数C′=f(I)进行加权,一般的,当恒流放电时,波动量为0,加权系数g=1。Obtain the average discharge current corresponding to multiple time points according to step S160 and battery capacity C′(t 0 ); since the battery capacity has a functional relationship with the discharge rate, according to t 0 and the average discharge current The corresponding relationship with C′(t 0 ) obtains a new functional relationship g is the weighting coefficient. Since the current is fluctuating in practical applications, the function C′=f(I) needs to be weighted. Generally, when the constant current is discharged, the fluctuation amount is 0, and the weighting coefficient g=1.
基于上述所有实施例,电池容量预测方法的工作原理如下:Based on all the above-mentioned embodiments, the working principle of the battery capacity prediction method is as follows:
例如以额定放电倍率300mAh对电池放电至截止电压2.8V。将电压为2.8V的电池静置20分钟后,再次以放电倍率300mAh对电池放电至截止电压2.8。重复上述步骤对电池进行放电,至电池的最终电压与截止电压2.8V的差值小于放电阈值。一般的,电池的最终电压到2.9-3.0V时,就停止对电池放电,并记录电池的放电总容量C1。按上述方法依次以600mAh、900mAh及1Ah对电池放电,依次记录电池的放电总容量C2、C3和C4。从而根据放电倍率与对应的电池容量获得函数关系C′=f(I)。For example, discharge the battery to a cut-off voltage of 2.8V at a rated discharge rate of 300mAh. After the battery with a voltage of 2.8V was left to stand for 20 minutes, the battery was discharged again at a discharge rate of 300mAh to a cut-off voltage of 2.8. Repeat the above steps to discharge the battery until the difference between the final voltage of the battery and the cut-off voltage of 2.8V is less than the discharge threshold. Generally, when the final voltage of the battery reaches 2.9-3.0V, stop discharging the battery, and record the total discharge capacity C1 of the battery. Discharge the battery with 600mAh, 900mAh and 1Ah in sequence according to the above method, and record the total discharge capacity C2, C3 and C4 of the battery in sequence. Thus, the functional relationship C'=f(I) is obtained according to the discharge rate and the corresponding battery capacity.
由于在实际应用中,电流时具有波动性的。因此,在以额定放电倍率对电池放电过程中,额定放电倍率是在变化的,因而对应的按照函数C′=f(I)计算出来的电池容量也会有偏差。所以,以电池在放电至时间t0的均值放电电流对电池放电至截止电压,并根据函数C′=f(I)获取电池以均值放电电流放电的电池容量C′(t0);具体的,即将电池在0-10分钟内的放电电流求取平均值因此能够获取均值放电电流对应的电池容量C′(t0)。在获取多个均值放电电流对应的电池容量C′(t0)后,能够获得新的的函数关系即对原函数C′=f(I)作出了修正,使得计算结果更为精确。Because in practical applications, the current is fluctuating. Therefore, during the process of discharging the battery at the rated discharge rate, the rated discharge rate is changing, so the corresponding battery capacity calculated according to the function C'=f(I) will also have deviations. Therefore, the average discharge current of the battery during discharge to time t 0 Discharge the battery to the cut-off voltage, and obtain the average discharge current of the battery according to the function C'=f(I) Discharged battery capacity C'(t 0 ); specifically, the average value of the discharge current of the battery within 0-10 minutes Therefore, the average discharge current can be obtained The corresponding battery capacity C'(t 0 ). When obtaining multiple average discharge current After the corresponding battery capacity C′(t 0 ), a new functional relationship can be obtained That is, the original function C'=f(I) has been modified to make the calculation result more accurate.
上述电池容量预测方法通过将电池放电至截止电压后静置,然后再以相同放电倍率放电,重复的以相同放电倍率对电池放电至电池的电压与截止电压的差小于放电阈值,再改变额定放电倍率对电池放电,从而能够获得放电倍率与电池的容量的函数关系,即函数C′=f(I)。由于实际应用中的放电倍率并非一直不变的,因此,检测电池在放电至时间t0的各时刻的放电倍率。然后计算均值放电电流再根据函数C′=f(I)获取电池以均值放电电流放电的电池容量C′(t0);从而能够对根据函数C′=f(I)计算出来的电池容量作出预测,最终通过t0及均值放电电流与C′(t0)的对应关系获取新的函数关系上述方法符合放电倍率关系及能够将电池电量放尽,因而得到精确的电池容量预测结果。The above-mentioned battery capacity prediction method discharges the battery to the cut-off voltage and then stands still, then discharges the battery at the same discharge rate, repeatedly discharges the battery at the same discharge rate until the difference between the voltage of the battery and the cut-off voltage is less than the discharge threshold, and then changes the rated discharge rate. The rate discharges the battery, so that the functional relationship between the discharge rate and the capacity of the battery can be obtained, that is, the function C'=f(I). Since the discharge rate in practical applications is not always constant, the discharge rate at each moment when the battery is discharged to time t0 is detected. Then calculate the average discharge current Then according to the function C'=f(I) to obtain the average discharge current of the battery Discharged battery capacity C'(t 0 ); so that the battery capacity calculated according to the function C'=f(I) can be predicted, and finally through t 0 and the average discharge current The corresponding relationship with C′(t 0 ) obtains a new functional relationship The above-mentioned method conforms to the relationship of discharge rate and can exhaust the battery power, thus obtaining accurate battery capacity prediction results.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.
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