CN104237527B - 高灵敏检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的试剂盒及方法 - Google Patents
高灵敏检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的试剂盒及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高灵敏检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的试剂盒及检测方法,所述试剂盒主要包括:固化有待测过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜,双生物素‑链霉亲和素优化液,生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体,生物素或链霉亲和素标记的多聚酶,以及与所述多聚酶对应的底物显色剂;本发明试剂盒可高灵敏地定性或半定量地快速检测人血清或血浆中的过敏原特异性抗体IgE浓度,并可一次筛查数十种过敏原,快速、准确、样品用量少,适宜进行高通量检测。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种高灵敏地定性或半定量地筛査或检测人血清或血浆中的多个过敏原特异性IgE抗体水平的检测试剂盒,及其检测方法。
(二)背景技术
2011~2012年世界变态反应组织(WAO)关于变态反应(也称过敏反应,Allergy)的白皮书指出:“过敏性疾病的流行在发达国家和发展中国家全世界范围内正戏剧性地上升。过敏性疾病包括过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、严重过敏反应,药物、食物及昆虫过敏反应,湿疹、荨麻疹(枯草热)和血管性水肿。过去二十年尤其是儿童患过敏性疾病人数的增加有暴发的趋势。”(Pawankar R et al,WAO White Book on Allergy2011-2012:Executive Summary.)仅食物引发的过敏性疾病的流行率就达3%~6%。(Sicherer S H,Epidemiology of food allergy.J Allergy Clin Immunol.2011;127:594-602.)过敏性疾病是患者吸入或摄食入含有致敏成分的物质(称为过敏原或变应原,Allergen)后触发机体的B细胞产生过量的免疫球蛋白E(Immunoglobulin E,IgE),当IgE抗体在体内再次接触过敏原时就与过敏原交联结合到肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞表面上的高亲和受体FcεR1上,导致FcεR1受体的聚集,使肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞活化。肥大细胞在活化过程中脱颗粒并释放储存在细胞浆颗粒里的炎性介质:组胺,与通过花生四烯酸途径合成的白三烯、免疫反应性前列腺素和IL4、IL5等细胞因子及趋化因子,引发过敏反应的疾病症状。过敏性疾病的发生,IgE抗体起关键作用,称为IgE介导的过敏反应(即Gell-CoombsI型超敏反应,或称IgE介导的速发性超敏反应)。IgE介导的过敏性疾病的特征是患者体内循环血液中的过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体浓度较正常状况下高,且病症越严重,sIgE抗体浓度越高。(Bloebaum R M et al,2004,Mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergic reactions,In:Lockey RF et al ed,Allergens and allergen immunotherapy,Marcel Dekker,Inc,New York,USA,PP65-84.)
过敏性疾病的临床诊断在美国临床医师实用指南中指出,根据患者病史结合点刺或血液检测过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体浓度,筛查致病过敏原(Siles R I,Hsieh F H,Allergy blood testing:A practical guide forclinicians.Am Clin J Medicine.2011;78:585-592.)。目前,检测血液中过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体浓度,筛查致病过敏原的方法有酶免疫法(EIA)、免疫印迹法(Immunoblotting Assay)、胶体金侧流层析法(LFA)、蛋白芯片法(Proteins microarray)等,发展趋势并符合市场要求的是:自动化、快速、准确、样品用量少,一次筛查几十种过敏原。市场上产品不少,其中,瑞典Pharmacia公司产品ImmunoCAP250系统是酶免疫法的代表,ImmunoCAP Rapid是胶体金侧流层析法的代表,ImmunoCAP ISAC是蛋白芯片法的代表,开创了过敏原分子诊断;而德国Mediwiss-analytic公司的AllergyScreen则是免疫印迹法的代表(Immunoblotfor analysing specific IgE in human serum)。因人血液中IgE抗体平均浓度~0.005ug/ml,是总免疫球蛋白平均浓度的0.002%,sIgE抗体浓度更低,为满足自动化、快速、准确、样品用量少,一次筛查几十种过敏原,半定量或定量检测样品中的过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体浓度的要求,必须配置光电信号放大的检测仪,或生物化学方法的信号放大系统。如,瑞典Pharmacia公司产品ImmunoCAP Rapid一次只能筛查十来种过敏原,不配阅读仪,肉眼判读sIgE抗体浓度的灵敏度只有1.0IU/ml(1IU IgE=2.44ngIgE),用1.49IU/ml区分阴性和阳性结果。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种使用生物化学方法的信号放大系统(双生物素-链霉亲和素和多聚酶的二级信号放大系统)来高灵敏地检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的检测试剂盒及检测方法,用以定性或半定量地快速检测人血清或血浆中的过敏原特异性抗体IgE浓度,并可一次筛查数十种过敏原。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种高灵敏检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的试剂盒,主要包括:固化有待测过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜,双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液,生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体(可市购获得,使用时用pH7.4的含0.05%Tween20的PBS配制成浓度1:100~10000的工作液),生物素或链霉亲和素标记的多聚酶(可市购获得,使用时用酶缓冲液配制成浓度1:5000~50000的工作液),以及与所述多聚酶对应的底物显色剂(可市购获得,也可自行配制);所述双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液为双生物素:链霉亲和素摩尔浓度比24~39:18的混合物溶液,所述人IgE抗体为羊抗人IgE抗体或兔抗人IgE抗体,所述多聚酶为多聚碱性磷酸酶或多聚辣根过氧化物酶。上述为试剂的主要成分,不包含检测所用的常规试剂如稀释液、洗涤液等。
所述双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液可按如下方法配制:
(1)将双生物素溶解在乙醇/二甲基亚砜(85/15,V/V)溶液中,制得浓度为1.1mmol/L,得A液;
(2)用0.05mol/L的PBS配制1.0mg/mL的链霉亲和素溶液,得B液;
(3)在剧烈旋涡下,按照其摩尔比,缓缓将A液加入B液内,即得所述双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液。
优化液中双生物素分子和链霉亲和素分子混合的比例可为12:9、7:6、19:9、13:6等,见图1和图2所示。
优选的,所述纤维材料膜可固置于反应槽的加液孔中,将该反应槽直接作为试剂盒成分。所述反应槽可如图4所示。
所述纤维材料膜为硝酸纤维素膜,混合纤维素酯膜或者多孔PVF膜等(可市购获得),具有足夠抗弯曲和抗折皱机械强度,固化待测过敏原蛋白后固置于反应槽内。纤维材料膜随需固化的过敏原蛋白不同,可分别釆用溴化腈、戊二醛、羧基变性、氨基变性、氯甲基变性等方法活化纤维材料膜,使之能共价结合足量(0.2~2.0ug)的相应的过敏原蛋白,以便能充分结合样品液中的sIgE抗体,确保检测结果的准确性。
所述过敏原蛋白可按常规方法从下列天然原材料中提取,包括:植物花粉类(树花粉类、草花粉类及野草花粉类等)过敏原;霉菌类过敏原;动物皮屑类过敏原;昆虫类过敏原;植物食物类(包括水果类、蔬菜类、坚果类、食用菌类及谷物类)过敏原和动物食物类(包括肉类、禽蛋类、魚和甲壳类及奶类)过敏原等。
本发明的检测试剂同时使用生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体捕获剂溶液,双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液和溶液,既具双生物素-链霉亲和素的生物放大系统,又具多聚酶-显色放大作用,极大提高检测灵敏度,见图3所示意。
所述多聚酶为多聚碱性磷酸酶时,对应的显色剂为硝基四氮唑兰和5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸的混合物(NBT/BCIP,Nitroblue Tetrazolium/5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-Indolyl Phosphate),或对硝基苯胺(p-nitrophenylphosphate)。
所述多聚酶为多聚辣根过氧化物酶时,对应的显色剂为3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(TMB,Tetramethylbenzidine),或邻苯二胺(o-Phenylenediamine),或联苯二胺(DAB,3,3'-diaminobenzidinetetrahydrochloride)和底物过氧化尿素。
本发明还涉及利用所述试剂盒高通量检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的方法,所述方法包括如下顺序步骤:
(1)取加液孔内固置有固化有待测过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜的反应槽,室温下水平放置,备用;
(2)将200~400μL血清或血浆加入1~2mL样品稀释液中,混匀后加入反应槽的加液孔内,将反应槽置于混匀器上,室温孵育30~60分钟;
(3)用洗涤液冲洗液反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(4)将200~400μL生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体工作液加入1~2mL样品稀释液中,混匀后加入反应槽内,置于混匀器上室温孵育30~60分钟;
(5)用洗涤液冲洗液反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(6)在反应槽内加入1~3ml双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液,置于混匀器上室温孵育10~20分钟;
(7)用洗涤液冲洗液反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(8)在反应槽内加入1~3ml生物素或链霉亲和素标记的的多聚碱性磷酸酶工作液,置于混匀器上室温孵育10~30分钟;
(9)用洗涤液冲洗液反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(10)在反应槽内加入1~2ml稀释的底物显色剂溶液,置于混匀器上室温孵育10~20分钟;
(11)流水冲洗终止酶反应;
(12)将反应槽与比色卡比对判读,或者用阅读仪进行判读。
所述比色卡依据国际通用的血清中特异性抗体IgE浓度0~6级分级方法制作,形式可以是长条形、正方形、三角形及圆形等。颜色随显色剂不同,可以是黄色、兰色和黑色等,但色彩的强度必须与国际通用的血清中特异性抗体IgE浓度0~6级要求一致。
按照本发明方法,采用比色卡或不用带数据处理功能的阅读仪,根据操作步骤操作,就可方便地用肉眼定性或半定量地判读检测人血清或血浆中的多个过敏原特异性IgE抗体水平;使用带数据处理功能的阅读仪,可定量地检测人血清或血浆中的多个过敏原特异性IgE抗体浓度。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:本发明试剂盒可高灵敏地定性或半定量地快速检测人血清或血浆中的过敏原特异性抗体IgE浓度,并可一次筛查数十种过敏原,快速、准确、样品用量少,适宜进行高通量检测。
(四)附图说明
图1为供生物素标记的多聚酶键合的双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液中双生物素分子与链霉亲和素分子结合方式的示意图;图中表示链霉亲和素;表示双生物素;
图2为供链霉亲和素标记的多聚酶键合的双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液中双生物素分子与链霉亲和素分子结合方式的示意图;图中表示链霉亲和素;表示双生物素;
图3为双生物素-链霉亲和素和多聚酶-显色剂的二级信号放大系统示意图(A)和未使用生物化学方法的信号放大系统示意图(B);
图中表示结合于纤维素膜的过敏原蛋白;表示过敏原sIgE抗体;表示生物素标记的抗体;表示链霉亲和素;表示双生物素;表示生物素标记的多聚碱性磷酸酶;表示链霉亲和素标记的碱性磷酸酶;表示显色信号;A和B示图比较,A较B信号放大35倍。
图4为试剂所用反应槽结构示意图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:本发明的检测试剂制备
1.硝酸纤维素膜固化(共价结合)过敏原蛋白(参考Hermanson GT etal,Immunobilized affinity ligand techniques.Academic Press(New York),1992,pp53-56.)
(1)硝酸纤维素膜条活化
A.戴好安全防护设备后在通风柜中配制浓度为1mg/ml的CNBr(美国Sigmaaldrich公司,C91492)乙腈溶液;
B.将切割好的硝酸纤维素膜(美国Bio-Rad公司,162-0112)悬浮于1mol/L、pH11的Na2CO3溶液中,转移入带搅拌子的玻璃烧杯中,然后平放在通风柜中磁搅拌器板上;
C.边搅拌,边加入CNBr溶液;搅拌10分钟,其间每隔2分钟用的pH8以上的精密pH试纸测溶液的pH值;如必要,用NaOH溶液调节活化液的pH为11;
D.将活化液中的硝酸纤维素膜条转移入带砂芯的玻璃漏斗,真空抽滤除去CNBr溶液(在2%FeSO4溶液里);
E.用100ml ddH2O洗涤后,再用20ml90%的丙酮溶液洗涤;最后用100ml pH7.5的磷酸钠缓冲液重复5次清洗后真空干燥,待用。
(2)过敏原蛋白固化
A.将经透析纯化的过敏原蛋白用0.1mol/L,pH7.4的PBS配制成适合的浓度(如:植物花粉类过敏原蛋白:0.1~7.0mg/ml;霉菌类过敏原蛋白:2.0~5.0mg/ml;动物皮屑类过敏原蛋白:0.05~3.0mg/ml;植物食物类过敏原蛋白:1.0~8.0mg/ml;动物食物类过敏原蛋白:1.5~10.0mg/ml;昆虫类过敏原蛋白:0.1~3.0mg/ml等)备用;
B.转移CNBr活化的硝酸纤维素膜条入50ml的过敏原蛋白溶液内,4℃下在摇床上缓慢地混合反应过夜(16小时以上);
C.上述反应混合液4℃下1000rpm离心10分钟;测出上清液的过敏原蛋白浓度,使固化的过敏原蛋白达85%以上;
D.加入40ml PBS,使纤维素膜条重悬浮,然后4℃下1000rpm离心10分钟;重复-次;
E.用0.1mol/L,pH7.5的乙醇胺溶液40ml使纤维素膜条重悬浮,室温下在摇床上缓慢地清洗4小时;
F.再用PBS重复洗三次,离心;再加入1%防腐剂BND(5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane)溶液混匀反应1小时后真空干燥,待用。
2.固化有过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜装反应槽
识别过敏原蛋白的标识及硝酸纤维素膜条上下面后,膜上表面朝上,将固化有过敏原蛋白的硝酸纤维素膜条装入反应槽标识有相应过敏原蛋白的小孔内,并盖膜。
3.生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体溶液配制
生物素偶联的鼠抗人IgE抗体(美国Life Technologies公司,05-4740),使用时用pH7.4的含0.05%Tween20的PBS配制成浓度1:100~10000的工作液。
4.双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液制备
A.将双生物素(美国Pierce Chemical公司,IL40)溶解在乙醇/二甲基亚砜(85/15,V/V)溶液中,制得浓度为1.1mmol/L;
B.用0.05mol/L的PBS配制1.0mg/ml的链霉亲和素(美国Sigmaaldrich公司,85878)溶液;然后在剧烈旋涡下按照双生物素和链霉亲和素摩尔浓度比例为24~39:18,缓缓加双生物素溶液入链霉亲和素溶液内;取出少数测出该优化液的双生物素:链霉亲和素位点比为0.8~0.85。
5.生物素标记的多聚碱性磷酸酶溶液配制
用酶缓冲液(5mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH9.3,1mmol/L MgCl2,0.1mmol/LZnCl2,1mmol/L精氨酸及防腐剂1%BND)将生物素标记的多聚碱性磷酸酶(美国BRL公司,BPA20,聚合度20)配制成浓度1:5000~50000的工作液。
注:使用该多聚碱性磷酸酶溶液较一般碱性磷酸酶溶液可放大近100倍。
6.碱性磷酸酶的底物显色剂溶液配制
用10ml ddH2O避光溶解碱性磷酸酶的底物显色剂(BCIP/NBT)(美国Sigmaaldrich公司,B5655-5tab),该溶液含0.15mg/ml BCIP(5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-磷酸盐),0.3mg/ml NBT(四唑硝基蓝),0.1mol/L pH~9.5Trisbuffer和5mmol/L MgCl2。
上述配制的溶液,装有固化过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜条的反应槽及常规试剂如稀释液、洗涤液等构成了本发明的检测试剂。
实施例2(未使用生物化学方法的信号放大系统):
检测试剂配制参见实施例1(不包括无双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液及生物素标记的多聚碱性磷酸酶溶液)。
检测方法如下:
(1)预处理:取出实验所需检测反应槽(结构参见图3,小孔内已装有固化有待测过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜),室温下水平放置,编号或标记患者姓名;
(2)初次孵育:将300微升血清加入1.7ml样品稀释液(pH7.4的PBS+10%新生牛血清)内混匀,倒入移去盖膜的反应槽中,将反应槽置于混匀器上,室温(20~25℃)孵育45分钟。
(3)清洗:用洗涤液(pH7.4的PBS+0.05%吐温-20)冲洗液反应槽,重复清洗5次,每次10秒钟;冲洗时,使洗涤液充分流过反应槽。注意倾倒洗涤液时让液体顺着反应槽流下,避免交叉污染。
(4)第二次孵育:加6滴(约300微升)生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体工作液(溶剂为pH7.4的PBS,浓度1:10000)入1.7ml抗体稀释液中混匀,倒入反应槽中,将反应槽置于混匀器上室温(20~25℃)孵育45分钟。
(5)清洗:过程同步骤(3)。
(6)第三次孵育:在反应槽内加入2.0ml链霉亲和素标记的碱性磷酸酶工作液(溶剂为pH9.2的TBS,1:500),置于混匀器上室温(20~25℃)孵育20分钟。
(7)清洗:过程同步骤(3)。
(8)第四次孵育:在反应槽内加入2.0ml的NBT/BCIP底物显色液,置于混匀器上室温(20~25℃)孵育15分钟。
(9)终止反应:流水冲洗终止酶反应。
(10)读数:将反应槽与比色卡比对判读。半定量地判读记录检测的人血清样品中的多个过敏原特异性IgE抗体水平,结果例见表1。
实施例3(应用双生物素-链霉亲和素和多聚酶的二级信号放大系统):
检测试剂配制参见实施例1。
检测方法如下:
(1)预处理:取出实验所需检测反应槽(结构参见图3,小孔内已装有固化有待测过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜),室温下水平放置,编号或标记患者姓名;
(2)初次孵育:将300微升血清加入1.7ml样品稀释液(pH7.4的PBS+10%新生牛血清)内混匀,倒入移去盖膜的反应槽中,将反应槽置于混匀器上,室温(20~25℃)孵育45分钟。
(3)清洗:用洗涤液(pH7.4的PBS+0.05%吐温-20)冲洗液反应槽,重复清洗5次,每次10秒钟;冲洗时,使洗涤液充分流过反应槽。注意倾倒洗涤液时让液体顺着反应槽流下,避免交叉污染。
(4)第二次孵育:加6滴(约300微升)生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体工作液(溶剂为pH7.4的PBS,浓度1:10000)入1.7ml抗体稀释液中混匀,倒入反应槽中,将反应槽置于混匀器上室温(20~25℃)孵育45分钟。
(5)清洗:过程同步骤(3)。
(6)第三次孵育:在反应槽内加入2.0ml双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液(双生物素和链霉亲和素摩尔浓度比例为30:18),置于混匀器上室温(20~25℃)孵育15分钟。
(7)清洗:过程同步骤(3)。
(8)第四次孵育:在反应槽内加入2.0ml生物素标记的多聚碱性磷酸酶工作液(溶剂为pH9.5的TBS,1:5000),置于混匀器上室温(20~25℃)孵育20分钟。
(9)清洗:过程同步骤(3)。
(10)第五次孵育:在反应槽内加入2.0ml的NBT/BCIP底物显色液,置于混匀器上室温(20~25℃)孵育15分钟。
(11)终止反应:流水冲洗终止酶反应。
(12)读数:将反应槽与比色卡比对判读。半定量地判读记录检测的人血清样品中的多个过敏原特异性IgE抗体水平,结果例见表1。
同时应用双生物素-链霉亲和素和多聚酶的二级信号放大系统(实施例3)和未使用生物化学方法的信号放大系统(实施例2)实验检测同一份患者血淸样本中的过敏原特异性IgE抗体水平,检测结果列于表1,以便比较。
表1:血淸样本中的过敏原特异性IgE抗体水平两种系统检测结果的比较
比较上表的检测结果可见,由于实施例1未使用生物化学方法的信号放大系统,检测灵敏度较低,使得2级(包括某些2级)以下的sIgE抗体浓度未检出。
Claims (2)
1.一种高灵敏检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的试剂盒,包括:固化有待测过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜,双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液,生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体,生物素或链霉亲和素标记的多聚酶,以及与所述多聚酶对应的底物显色剂;所述双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液为双生物素:链霉亲和素摩尔浓度比24~39:18的混合物溶液,所述人IgE抗体为羊抗人IgE抗体或兔抗人IgE抗体,所述多聚酶为多聚碱性磷酸酶或多聚辣根过氧化物酶;
所述试剂盒高灵敏检测过敏原特异性抗体IgE的方法包括如下顺序步骤:
(1)取加液孔内固置有固化有待测过敏原蛋白的纤维材料膜的反应槽,室温下水平放置,备用;
(2)将200~400μL血清或血浆加入1~2mL样品稀释液中,混匀后加入反应槽的加液孔内,将反应槽置于混匀器上,室温孵育30~60分钟;
(3)用洗涤液冲洗反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(4)将200~400μL生物素偶联的抗人IgE抗体工作液加入1~2mL样品稀释液中,混匀后加入反应槽内,置于混匀器上室温孵育30~60分钟;
(5)用洗涤液冲洗反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(6)在反应槽内加入1~3ml双生物素-链霉亲和素优化液,置于混匀器上室温孵育10~20分钟;
(7)用洗涤液冲洗反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(8)在反应槽内加入1~3ml生物素或链霉亲和素标记的多聚碱性磷酸酶或多聚辣根过氧化物酶工作液,置于混匀器上室温孵育10~30分钟;
(9)用洗涤液冲洗反应槽,重复清洗3~5次,每次10~30秒;
(10)在反应槽内加入1~2ml稀释的底物显色剂溶液,置于混匀器上室温孵育10~20分钟;
(11)流水冲洗终止酶反应;
(12)将反应槽与比色卡比对判读,或者用阅读仪进行判读。
2.如权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于所述纤维材料膜固置于反应槽的加液孔中。
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