CN104221566A - Crane type variable rate fertilization system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a crane type variable fertilization system, relates to the field of combined operation machinery, in particular to a fertilization machine capable of variable fertilization, which includes a support rod, a rotating arm, a rotary drive system, a horizontal movement system, Mobile system, variable fertilization unit and fertilizer preparation system; the support rod is fixed vertically in the fertilization area, and the rotating arm rotates around the support rod under the action of the rotary drive system; the variable fertilization unit is connected with the up and down moving system, and the up and down moving system is connected through the horizontal moving system Swivel arm; Fertilizer dispensing connected by pipes to variable fertilization unit. The invention has a simple and compact structure and a high degree of automation, and each process can be accurately controlled without manual operation; the camera performs real-time shooting and analysis of crops per unit area in the fertilization area, realizing real-time monitoring and real-time analysis, and controlling fertilization parameters by computer. Makes fertilization more precise.

Description

Crane type variable fertilization system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of combined operation machinery, in particular to a fertilization machine capable of variable fertilization. the

Background technique

With the development of modern agricultural science and technology, scientific and reasonable fertilization is the basic guarantee for maintaining sufficient soil nutrients, crop growth and stable yield. This is especially true for large-scale arable farmland. Due to the vast land, the soil quality and nutrient content in the soil vary greatly in different regions. Therefore, it is necessary to use equipment that can perform variable fertilization according to the soil quality to achieve the purpose of balancing soil nutrients. the

Precision agriculture variable fertilization technology (referred to as precision fertilization or variable fertilization) is a fertilization technology aimed at high yield, high quality and environmental protection, supported by crop growth model and crop sheep breeding expert system. It can realize on-demand fertilization due to the difference in crop nutrition level in each operation unit, effectively control the input and output of nutrients in the material cycle, reduce the pollution and damage of chemical fertilizers to the environment, greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and reduce production costs , increase farmers' income. the

Based on global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing technology (RS), computer automatic control and other technologies, a lot of research work has been carried out on crop variable fertilization technology at home and abroad, and some research results have been obtained, such as Chinese patent ZL02149019 .8, ZL200910095897.X, ZL200710175341.2, Japanese patents JP20030154427, JP19980080779, etc. Most of these fertilization technologies use GPS and GIS technology to obtain soil variable fertilization prescription maps by measuring information such as soil nutrients, topography, and crop yields in previous years. Knowing the growth and fertilization of crops in the current season, often only variable control of the application amount of one fertilizer ( Such as nitrogen fertilizer), while the soil nutrients have changed greatly during the crop growth period, and the demand ratio of N, P, and K elements per unit area is different, which requires real-time precise control. the

Therefore, there is a need for a variable fertilization machine suitable for the whole growth cycle of crops, especially a variable fertilization machine that can fertilize per unit area and can fertilize without walking in the field. the

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a crane-type variable fertilization system for the existing problems of variable fertilization machines in large-area land variable fertilization operations. At the same time, operations such as watering and spraying pesticides can be carried out according to the needs of crops. the

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a crane-type variable fertilization system, including a support rod, a rotating arm, a rotary drive system, a horizontal movement system, an up and down movement system, a variable fertilization unit and a fertilizer preparation system; The support rod is vertically fixed in the fertilization area, the rotating arm and the supporting rod are connected by bearings, the rotating drive system connects the supporting rod and the rotating arm, and the rotating arm rotates around the supporting rod under the action of the rotating driving system; the variable fertilization The unit is connected to the up and down moving system, and the up and down moving system is connected to the rotating arm through the horizontal moving system; the fertilizer preparation system is arranged at the lower part of the support rod, and the fertilizer preparation system is connected to the variable fertilization unit through the pipeline;

The rotary drive system includes a synchronous belt drive motor fixed on the rotating arm, a large gear fixed on the support rod, and a pinion gear connected to the synchronous belt drive motor through a worm gear reducer; the large gear is connected to the pinion;

The horizontal moving system includes a synchronous conveyor belt arranged on the rotating arm, a linear guide rail and a synchronous belt drive motor fixed on the rotating arm to drive the synchronous conveyor belt to move. The up and down moving system is connected with the synchronous conveyor belt and the linear guide rail. Move horizontally under the joint action of linear guide rails;

The up and down moving system includes a connecting transmission connection mechanism, a vertically placed transmission rack and a rack drive motor, the rack drive motor is fixedly connected to the transmission connection mechanism, the transmission rack is connected to the transmission connection mechanism and the rack drive motor, and the rack drive The motor drives the transmission rack to move up and down;

The variable fertilization unit includes a nozzle and a camera, and the camera and the nozzle are installed at the bottom of the drive rack;

The nozzle is connected to the fertilizer preparation system through a pipeline;

Further, the fertilizer preparation system includes a flow regulating mechanism, a multispectral instrument, a PWM controller, a computer, a liquid fertilizer tank, a liquid fertilizer hydraulic pump and a regulating valve, the flow regulating mechanism is installed on the liquid fertilizer tank, and the flow regulating mechanism is connected to PWM controller, the PWM controller is connected to a computer, the computer is connected to a multispectral instrument, and the multispectral instrument is connected to the camera through a data line;

Further, the flow regulating mechanism includes a liquid fertilizer hydraulic pump installed in the liquid fertilizer tank and a regulating valve arranged at the outlet of the liquid fertilizer tank. the

Further, the up and down moving system, the horizontal moving system, and the variable fertilization unit are provided with a pair of left and right symmetrical ones, which are installed on the two arms of the rotating arm respectively. the

Further, the spray head is connected to the pesticide box through a pipeline. the

Further, the spray head is connected to the water tank through a pipeline. the

The working process of variable fertilization is: use the camera to take pictures of crops per unit area, transmit them to the spectrometer, use the spectrometer to collect the spectral information of the crops and input them to the computer, and establish the mathematical model of spectral characteristic information and crop nutritional status (nitrogen, potassium content); Then establish the fuzzy inference table of fertilization amount according to the measured nutrient data of crops, and use the nitrogen and potassium content estimation model to diagnose the growth level of the six plots in the variable fertilization plot, and determine the nitrogen and potassium topdressing of each plot according to the fertilization reasoning table The quantity is the duty cycle. According to the different levels, the test plot is divided into two grades of high and low nitrogen, and five grades of excellent potassium, good, good, medium and poor; finally, the field test is completed by using the developed variable fertilization sprayer. The fertilization control system generates a PWM signal with a duty cycle and outputs it to the PWM controller through the RS232 serial port of the computer. The PWM controller controls the opening and closing time of the solenoid valve according to the different PWM signals of each level to complete the flow regulation of the nozzle, that is, to adjust The amount of fertilization is reduced, thus completing the variable fertilization. the

The nozzle and the camera are installed at the bottom of the up and down moving system. The up and down moving system is connected to the synchronous conveyor belt on the horizontal moving system. The up and down moving system is installed on the rotating arm that can rotate around the support rod. The synergy of the three can ensure that the camera is within a certain range. inner freedom of movement. the

There are three ways to adjust the flow regulating mechanism: the first one is to adjust the flow through the liquid fertilizer hydraulic pump; the regulating valve set at the inlet of the liquid fertilizer pump is a pressure regulating valve, and the pressure regulating valve is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the liquid fertilizer pump. The liquid pressure at the inlet controls the flow rate of the liquid fertilizer; the second is to adjust the flow rate by controlling the speed of the liquid fertilizer pump, that is, to control the speed of the liquid fertilizer pump through a motor or an electronically controlled stepless transmission to control the flow rate of the liquid fertilizer pump Purpose. The third is to adjust the flow rate by adjusting the opening or opening and closing state of the valve. the

When the nozzle is directly connected to the pesticide tank and the water tank, it can directly spray pesticides and water the crops, and it can also perform precise pesticide spraying and precise irrigation under the action of the camera. the

Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1) The structure is simple and compact, and the degree of automation is high. Each process can be precisely controlled without manual operation, saving labor. the

2) The camera performs real-time shooting and analysis of the crops per unit area of the fertilization area, realizing real-time monitoring and real-time analysis, and controlling the fertilization parameters through the computer to make fertilization more accurate. the

3) Use the method of spraying pesticides on the top to make the fertilization more uniform. the

4) The nozzle can be directly connected to the water tank and the pesticide tank through the pipeline, so that the triple function of water spraying, pesticide spraying and fertilizer spraying can be realized. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the crane type variable fertilization system of the present invention. the

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the rotating arm part of the present invention. the

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Also, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present invention. the

Combining Figures 1 and 2, a crane-type variable fertilization system includes a support rod 10, a rotating arm 1, a rotary drive system, a horizontal movement system, an up and down movement system, a variable fertilization unit and a fertilizer preparation system; the support rod 10 is vertically fixed In the fertilization area, the rotating arm 1 is connected with the support rod 10 through the bearing 5, and the bearing 5 is sleeved on the support rod 10, and the bearing mounting seat 4 is arranged outside the bearing 5, and the rotating arm 1 and the bearing mounting seat 4 are fixed by bolts. The rotating drive system connects the support rod 10 and the rotating arm 1, and the rotating arm 1 rotates around the supporting rod 10 under the action of the rotating driving system; the variable fertilization unit is connected with the up and down moving system, and the up and down moving system is connected with the rotating arm 1 through the horizontal moving system; The preparation system is arranged at the lower part of the support bar 10, and the fertilizer preparation system is connected to the variable fertilization unit through pipelines. the

The rotary drive system includes a steering drive motor 6 fixed on the rotating arm 1, a large gear 9 fixed on the support rod, and a pinion 8 connected to the steering drive motor 6 through a worm gear reducer 7; the large gear 9 and the pinion 8 Gearing, the steering drive motor 6 drives the pinion 8 to rotate, and the pinion 8 is in gear with the bull gear 9. Because the bull gear 9 is fixed on the support rod 10, the pinion 8 will rotate around the bull gear 9, thereby driving the entire The rotating arm 1 rotates around the support rod 10 . the

The horizontal movement system includes a synchronous conveyor belt 2 arranged on the rotating arm, a linear guide rail, and a synchronous belt drive motor 3 fixed on the rotating arm to drive the synchronous conveyor belt 2 to move. The up and down movement system is connected to the synchronous conveyor belt 2 and the linear guide rail. The conveyor belt 2 and the linear guide rail move horizontally under the joint action of the linear guide rail, and the function of the linear guide rail is to guide and prevent the swing of the up and down moving system. the

The up and down moving system includes a transmission connection mechanism 11, a vertically placed transmission rack 15 and a rack drive motor 14, the rack drive motor 14 is fixedly connected to the transmission connection mechanism 11, and the transmission rack 15 is connected to the transmission connection mechanism 11 and the rack drive motor 14, the rack drive motor 14 drives the up and down movement of the transmission rack 15. the

The variable fertilization unit comprises a spray head 12 and a camera 13, and the camera 13 and the spray head 12 are installed at the bottom of the transmission rack 15. the

The spray head 12 is connected to the fertilizer preparation system through pipelines. the

The fertilizer preparation system includes a flow adjustment mechanism, a multispectral instrument, a PWM controller, a computer, a liquid fertilizer tank, a liquid fertilizer hydraulic pump and a regulating valve. The flow adjustment mechanism is installed on the liquid fertilizer tank, and the flow adjustment mechanism is connected to the PWM controller. The PWM controller Connect to the computer, the computer is connected to the multispectral instrument, and the multispectral instrument is connected to the camera through a data cable;

The flow regulating mechanism includes a liquid fertilizer hydraulic pump installed in the liquid fertilizer tank and a regulating valve arranged at the outlet of the liquid fertilizer tank. the

The up and down moving system, the horizontal moving system, and the variable fertilization unit are all provided with a pair of left and right symmetry, which are symmetrically installed on the two arms of the rotating arm 1 . The two work at the same time, which prevents excessive load on the support rod 10 when only one arm is working. the

It should be understood that the above specific embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate or explain the principles of the present invention, and not to limit the present invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it is intended that the appended claims of the present invention embrace all changes and modifications that come within the scope and metesques of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and metes and bounds. the

Claims (6)

1. loop wheel machine formula Variable Fertilization System, is characterized in that: comprise support bar, turning arm, rotary drive system, horizontal movement system, move up and down system, variable fertilization unit and fertilizer preparation system; Described support bar is vertically fixed on fertilising region, and described turning arm is connected by bearing with support bar, and described rotary drive system connects support bar and turning arm, and turning arm rotates around support bar under the effect of rotary drive system; Described variable fertilization unit connects and moves up and down system, described in move up and down system and connect turning arm by horizontal movement system; Described fertilizer preparation Operation system setting is in the bottom of support bar, and described fertilizer preparation system is by pipeline link variable fertigation unit;

Described rotary drive system comprises the Timing Belt drive motors be fixed on turning arm, the gear wheel be fixed on support bar, is connected the pinion of Timing Belt drive motors by worm type of reduction gearing; Described gear wheel connects pinion;

Described horizontal movement system comprises the synchrome conveying belt be arranged on turning arm, line slideway and is fixed on the Timing Belt drive motors that turning arm drives synchrome conveying belt to move, the system that moves up and down connects synchrome conveying belt and line slideway, and the system that moves up and down horizontal direction under the acting in conjunction of synchrome conveying belt and line slideway moves;

The described system that moves up and down comprises connection for transmission bindiny mechanism, the driving rack vertically placed and rack drives motor, the affixed transmission connecting mechanism of rack drives motor, driving rack connection for transmission bindiny mechanism and rack drives motor, moving up and down of rack drives driven by motor driving rack;

Described variable fertilization unit comprises shower nozzle and camera, and described camera and cartridge nozzle are in the bottom of driving rack;

Described shower nozzle connects fertilizer preparation system by pipeline.

2. loop wheel machine formula Variable Fertilization System according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer preparation system comprises flow control device, multispectral instrument, PWM controller, calculator, Liquid Fertilizer hopper, Liquid Fertilizer hydraulic pump and control valve, flow control device is contained on Liquid Fertilizer hopper, described flow adjustment mechanism connects PWM controller, described PWM controller connects calculator, described calculator connects multispectral instrument, and described multispectral instrument is connected by data wire with camera.

3. loop wheel machine formula Variable Fertilization System according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described flow control device comprises the control valve in the Liquid Fertilizer hydraulic pump be contained in Liquid Fertilizer hopper and the exit being arranged on Liquid Fertilizer hopper.

4. loop wheel machine formula Variable Fertilization System according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in move up and down system, horizontal movement system, variable fertilization unit be provided with symmetrical a pair, is contained in the two-arm of turning arm respectively.

5. loop wheel machine formula Variable Fertilization System according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described shower nozzle connects pesticide box by pipeline.

6. loop wheel machine formula Variable Fertilization System according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described shower nozzle connects water tank by pipeline.