CN104218250A - PtM/C electrocatalyst for fuel cell and preparation method of PtM/C electrocatalyst for fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a PtM/C electrocatalyst for a fuel cell. The PtM/C electrocatalyst comprises the following components by mass percent: 18.16-36.52% of active components, 1.74-3.68% of auxiliary agents and the balance being a conductive carrier. The PtM/C electrocatalyst is prepared by the steps of feeding precursors of the active components and precursors of the auxiliary agents into a mixed suspension liquid of the conductive carrier and a reducing agent in one step; loading metal Pt and M onto the conductive carrier by adopting a pulse microwave-assisted chemical reduction method; and after that, precipitating, filtering, washing and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the PtM/C electrocatalyst. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method is simple; the prepared PtM/C electrocatalyst is uniform in particle distribution, small in size and high in catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction, and can be used in the field of the fuel cell.

Description

A kind of PtM/C electrocatalyst for fuel cell and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and relates to a catalyst and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a PtM/C electrocatalyst for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Because the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, easy start-up, and low environmental pollution, it can be used as a power source for electric vehicles, a distributed power station, and a portable mobile power source. Its key technologies have also been developed rapidly.

As we all know, catalyst is the key material of PEMFC, research and development of catalyst with high activity and good stability plays a decisive role in improving the performance of fuel cell. In order to be suitable for commercial mass production, the preparation method of PtM/C catalyst needs to be improved. In the past, the preparation method of PtM/C catalyst was mostly prepared by impregnation method, liquid phase reduction method and colloid method. However, these methods have different degrees of limitations. technical flaws. For example, the liquid phase reduction method generally uses a reducing agent to reduce the catalyst active component at a certain temperature, and then load it on a carbon carrier. This method usually uses traditional convective heating, which has disadvantages such as uneven heating and slow reaction rate; The catalyst prepared by the impregnation method has a large particle size and poor particle size distribution uniformity. The metal loading capacity cannot be too high at one time, and multiple impregnations are required; while the colloid method has a long preparation period and is difficult to control.

In order to improve the utilization rate of precious metals, precious metals are often loaded on some carriers to improve their dispersion. The catalyst support can not only support and disperse the active components of the catalyst, but also play an important role in the mass transfer, heat transfer, chemical stability and thermal stability of the catalyst. Conductive carbon black material is an ideal carrier choice for fuel cell catalysts, because it has the following conditions: (1) high specific surface area, which can effectively disperse noble metal active components; (2) highly graphitized, with good electronic conductivity (3) Appropriate pore structure to reduce the transport migration resistance of reactants, intermediates and products.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a PtM/C electrocatalyst for fuel cells with small particle size and high catalytic activity in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A PtM/C electrocatalyst for a fuel cell. The PtM/C electrocatalyst includes the following components in mass percentage: active component 18.16-36.52%, auxiliary agent M 1.74-3.68%, and the rest is a conductive carrier.

The active component is metal Pt, and the additive M includes one or several simple substances of Fe, Co, and Ni.

The conductive carrier includes one or more of Vulcan XC-72, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanomolecular sieves, graphite nanofibers, graphene oxide and graphene.

A method for preparing a PtM/C electrocatalyst for a fuel cell, the method is to add the active component precursor and the auxiliary agent precursor to the mixed suspension of the conductive carrier and the reducing agent in one step, and adopt the pulse microwave assisted chemical reduction method The metal Pt and M are reduced from the precursor, and loaded on a conductive carrier, and then precipitated, filtered, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain a PtM/C electrocatalyst, which specifically includes the following steps:

(1) According to the mass ratio of the conductive carrier and the reducing agent being 1: (100-600), the conductive carrier is added to the reducing agent solution, and the suspension A is obtained by ultrasonic stirring;

(2) According to the molar ratio of M in the auxiliary agent precursor and Pt in the active ingredient precursor is 1: 3, the active ingredient precursor and the auxiliary agent precursor are added together to the suspension A prepared in step (1) , ultrasonically stirred evenly, adjusted the pH value of the solution to 8-12, and prepared suspension B;

(3) Place the suspension B prepared in step (2) in a microwave reactor, and react by using pulsed microwave-assisted chemical reduction. After drying, the PtM/C electrocatalyst is obtained.

The mass ratio of the active component precursor described in step (2) to the conductive carrier described in step (1) is 1: (1.5-2).

The active component precursor includes chloroplatinic acid or platinum nitrate.

The auxiliary agent precursor includes a soluble organic salt or a soluble inorganic salt of M, the soluble inorganic salt of M is preferably nitrate, sulfate or chloride, and the soluble organic salt of M is preferably acetate.

The reducing agent includes one or more of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethylene glycol, glycerol and sodium borohydride.

The operation condition of adopting the pulse microwave assisted chemical reduction method described in step (3) is: pass into the inert protective gas in the microwave reactor, the working time of the microwave reactor is 5～50s, the relaxation time is 50～300s, microwave The power is 0.5-3kW, and the number of microwave repetitions is 5-30 times.

The vacuum drying temperature in step (3) is 60-120°C, the vacuum degree is -0.09--0.1MPa, and the drying time is 6-12h.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics:

(1) It is prepared by pulse microwave-assisted chemical reduction method, the operation method is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the reaction rate is fast, and the active component and auxiliary agent can be loaded on the conductive carrier at one time;

(2) The prepared PtM/C electrocatalyst has small particle size, uniform particle size distribution, good thermal stability, and good catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the PtM/C electrocatalyst linear sweep voltammetry test spectrogram prepared by embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope (TEM) spectrogram of the PtM/C electrocatalyst prepared by embodiment 1;

Fig. 3 is the PtM/C electrocatalyst linear sweep voltammetry test spectrogram prepared by embodiment 2;

Fig. 4 is the transmission electron microscope (TEM) spectrogram of the PtM/C electrocatalyst prepared by embodiment 2;

Fig. 5 is the cyclic voltammetry (CV) spectrogram of the PtM/C electrocatalyst prepared by embodiment 3;

Fig. 6 is the PtM/C electrocatalyst linear sweep voltammetry test spectrogram prepared by embodiment 3;

Fig. 7 is the PtM/C electrocatalyst linear sweep voltammetry test spectrogram prepared by embodiment 4;

8 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) of the PtM/C electrocatalyst prepared in Example 4.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1:

In this example, the _Pt3Ni /XC-72 electrocatalyst was prepared by pulsed microwave-assisted chemical reduction (the molar ratio of Pt to Ni is 3:1, the percentage of _Pt3Ni accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 20%, then Pt accounts for the total mass of the catalyst The percentage of Ni is 18.18%, and the percentage of Ni accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 1.82%), and the specific preparation method is as follows:

(1) According to the mass ratio of Vulcan XC-72 carbon black (Cabot, USA) to ethylene glycol is 1:200, add Vulcan XC-72 to ethylene glycol, and stir evenly with ultrasonic to prepare suspension A;

(2) by the mol ratio of Ni in nickel nitrate and Pt in chloroplatinic acid is 1: 3, chloroplatinic acid and nickel nitrate are joined in the suspension A that step (1) makes together, wherein, chloroplatinic acid and The mass ratio of Vulcan XC-72 was controlled to be 1:1.66, stirred evenly by ultrasonic, and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 10 to prepare suspension B;

(3) Suspension B that step (2) is made is placed in microwave reactor, feeds inert gas nitrogen, exhausts air, and the operating time of setting microwave reactor is 20s, and relaxation time is 100s, and microwave power is 1kW, the number of microwave repetitions is 15 times, start the microwave reactor, and carry out the reduction reaction; after the reaction is completed, the temperature of the solution is lowered to room temperature, the solution is taken out, precipitated, filtered, and washed to obtain a sample, and the sample is placed at 80 ° C, The degree of vacuum is -0.1MPa, and vacuum drying is carried out for 8 hours to prepare the Pt ₃ Ni/XC-72 electrocatalyst.

The Pt ₃ Ni/XC-72 electrocatalyst prepared in this example was subjected to a linear sweep voltammetry test, the test conditions: the sweep range was 0.05-1.2V (vs. RHE), the sweep speed was 5mV·s ^-1 , the electrode speed 1600rpm, the solution is 0.1mol·L ^-1 HClO ₄ solution saturated with oxygen, and the test results are shown in Figure 1.

It can be seen from Figure 1 that the prepared Pt ₃ Ni/XC-72 electrocatalyst has a current density of 1.1 mA/cm ² at a voltage of 0.9 V, and has good catalytic performance for oxygen reduction.

Figure 2 shows the TEM spectrum of the _Pt3Ni /XC-72 electrocatalyst prepared in this example. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the prepared _Pt3Ni /XC-72 electrocatalyst has uniform particle size and good dispersion , There is basically no unity phenomenon, and the average particle size of the particles is about 2.5nm.

Example 2:

In this example, a _Pt3Ni /acetylene black electrocatalyst was prepared by pulsed microwave-assisted chemical reduction (the molar ratio of Pt to Ni is 3:1, the percentage of _Pt3Ni accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 20%, and then Pt accounts for 20% of the total mass of the catalyst. Percentage is 18.18%, and the percentage that Ni accounts for catalyst gross mass is 1.82%), and concrete preparation method is as follows:

(1) According to the mass ratio of acetylene black (Alfa, USA) to ethylene glycol is 1: 200, acetylene black is added to ethylene glycol, and ultrasonically stirred evenly to obtain suspension A;

(2) by the mol ratio of Ni in nickel nitrate and Pt in chloroplatinic acid is 1: 3, chloroplatinic acid and nickel nitrate are joined in the suspension A that step (1) makes together, wherein, chloroplatinic acid and The mass ratio of acetylene black is controlled to be 1:1.66, the ultrasonic stirring is uniform, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 10, and the suspension B is obtained;

(3) Suspension B prepared by step (4) is placed in a microwave reactor, feeds inert gas nitrogen to exhaust the air, the working time of the microwave reactor is set to 30s, the relaxation time is 200s, and the microwave power is 2kW , the number of microwave repetitions is 20 times, the microwave reactor is started, and the reduction reaction is carried out; after the reaction is completed, the temperature of the solution is lowered to room temperature, the solution is taken out, and the sample is obtained by precipitation, filtration, and washing, and the sample is placed at 60 ° C under vacuum The density is -0.10MPa, vacuum drying for 10h, the Pt ₃ Ni/acetylene black electrocatalyst is prepared.

The Pt ₃ Ni/acetylene black electrocatalyst prepared in this example was subjected to a linear sweep voltammetry test. The test conditions were: the sweep range was 0.05-1.2V (vs. RHE), the sweep speed was 5mV·s ^-1 , and the electrode speed was 1600rpm, the solution is 0.1mol·L ^-1 HClO ₄ solution saturated with oxygen, the test results are shown in Figure 3, the Pt ₃ Ni/acetylene black electrocatalyst has good catalytic performance for oxygen reduction.

Figure 4 shows the TEM spectrogram of the _Pt3Ni /acetylene black electrocatalyst prepared in this example. As can be seen from Figure 4, the prepared _Pt3Ni /acetylene black electrocatalyst has uniform particle size, good dispersion, and basically There is no solidification phenomenon, and the average particle size of the particles is about 2.3nm.

Example 3:

In this example, the Pt ₃ Fe/XC-72 electrocatalyst was prepared by pulsed microwave assisted chemical reduction (the molar ratio of Pt to Fe is 3:1, the percentage of Pt ₃ Fe in the total mass of the catalyst is 20%, then Pt in the total mass of the catalyst The percentage of Fe is 18.26%, and the percentage of Fe accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 1.74%), and the specific preparation method is as follows:

(1) According to the mass ratio of Vulcan XC-72 and ethylene glycol as 1:300, add Vulcan XC-72 to ethylene glycol, and stir evenly with ultrasonic to prepare suspension A;

(2) by the molar ratio of Fe in ferric nitrate and Pt in chloroplatinic acid is 1: 3, chloroplatinic acid and ferric nitrate are joined in the suspension A that step (1) makes together, wherein, chloroplatinic acid and The mass ratio of Vulcan XC-72 was controlled at 1:1.66, stirred evenly by ultrasonic, and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 10 to prepare suspension B;

(3) Suspension B prepared by step (2) is placed in a microwave reactor, and the inert gas nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air. The working time of the microwave reactor is set to be 20s, the relaxation time is 100s, and the microwave power is 1kW , the number of microwave repetitions is 15 times, the microwave reactor is started, and the reduction reaction is carried out; after the reaction is completed, the temperature of the solution is lowered to room temperature, the solution is taken out, and the sample is obtained by precipitation, filtration, and washing, and the sample is placed at 80 ° C under vacuum The density is -0.10MPa, vacuum drying for 8h, and the Pt ₃ Fe/XC-72 electrocatalyst is prepared.

The Pt ₃ Fe/XC-72 electrocatalyst prepared in this practice was subjected to cyclic voltammetry test, the test conditions: the scan range was 0.05-1.15V (vs.RHE), the scan rate was 50mV·s ^-1 , and the test curve was shown in the figure 5.

It can be calculated from Fig. 5 that the electrochemically active area of the prepared Pt ₃ Fe/XC-72 electrocatalyst reaches 83m ² /g, which has a relatively large active area.

The Pt ₃ Fe/XC-72 electrocatalyst prepared in this example was subjected to a linear sweep voltammetry test. The test conditions were: the sweep range was 0.05-1.2V (vs. RHE), the sweep speed was 5mV·s ^-1 , the electrode rotational speed is 1600rpm, and the solution is a 0.1mol L ^-1 HClO ₄ solution saturated with oxygen. The test results are shown in Figure 6. It can be seen that the current density of the prepared Pt ₃ Fe/XC-72 electrocatalyst at a voltage of 0.9V Reaching 1.2mA/cm ² , it has good catalytic performance for oxygen reduction.

Example 4:

In this example, the Pt ₃ Ni/GO electrocatalyst was prepared by pulsed microwave-assisted chemical reduction (the molar ratio of Pt to Ni is 3:1, the percentage of Pt ₃ Ni in the total mass of the catalyst is 20%, and the percentage of Pt in the total mass of the catalyst is is 18.18%, and the percentage of Ni accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 1.82%), wherein GO is graphene oxide (Nanjing Xianfeng Nano Material Technology Co., Ltd.), and the specific preparation method is as follows:

(1) According to the mass ratio of graphene oxide and glycerol is 1: 200, graphene oxide is added in glycerin, ultrasonic stirring is even, obtained suspension A;

(2) by the mol ratio of Ni in nickel nitrate and Pt in chloroplatinic acid is 1: 3, chloroplatinic acid and nickel nitrate are joined in the suspension A that step (1) makes together, wherein, chloroplatinic acid and The mass ratio of graphene oxide is controlled to be 1: 1.66, the ultrasonic stirring is uniform, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 10, and the suspension B is obtained;

(3) Suspension B prepared by step (2) is placed in a microwave reactor, and the inert gas nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air. The working time of the microwave reactor is set to be 20s, the relaxation time is 100s, and the microwave power is 1kW , the number of microwave repetitions is 15 times, the microwave reactor is started, and the reduction reaction is carried out; after the reaction is completed, the temperature of the solution is lowered to room temperature, the solution is taken out, and the sample is obtained by precipitation, filtration, and washing, and the sample is placed at 80 ° C under vacuum The temperature was -0.10MPa, and vacuum drying was carried out for 8 hours to prepare the Pt ₃ Ni/GO electrocatalyst.

The Pt ₃ Ni/GO electrocatalyst prepared in this example was subjected to a linear sweep voltammetry test, the test conditions: the sweep range was 0.05-1.2V (vs. RHE), the sweep speed was 5mV·s ^-1 , and the electrode speed was 1600rpm , the solution is 0.1mol·L ^-1 HClO ₄ solution saturated with oxygen. The test results are shown in Figure 7. It can be seen that the current density of the prepared Pt ₃ Ni/GO electrocatalyst at 0.9V voltage reaches 1.0mA/ cm ² , has good catalytic performance for oxygen reduction.

Figure 8 is the XRD test spectrum of the Pt ₃ Ni/GO electrocatalyst prepared in this practice. The test conditions are: the working pressure is 40kV, the scanning range is 20°-90°, and the scanning speed is 6°/min.

In Figure 8, the first peak appears at 20=25°, which is C(002), and the corresponding 2θ angle values of Pt(111), Pt(200), Pt(220), and Pt(311) are 40° and 46° respectively , 68°, 81°, among which the Pt(111) peak is the strongest, indicating that the Pt particles in the prepared Pt ₃ Ni/GO electrocatalyst are mainly in the face-centered cubic crystal form.

Example 5:

In this example, a Pt ₃ Fe/carbon nanotube (Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences) electrocatalyst (Pt to Fe molar ratio 3:1, Pt ₃ Fe accounting for 40% of the total mass of the catalyst was prepared by pulsed microwave assisted chemical reduction method, Then the percentage of Pt accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 36.52%, and the percentage of Fe accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 3.48%), and the specific preparation method is as follows:

(1) According to the mass ratio of carbon nanotubes and ethylene glycol as 1:600, carbon nanotubes are added to ethylene glycol, and ultrasonically stirred evenly to prepare suspension A;

(2) According to the molar ratio of Fe in ferric nitrate and Pt in platinum nitrate as 1: 3, platinum nitrate and ferric nitrate are added together in the suspension A that step (1) makes, wherein, platinum nitrate and carbon nanotube The mass ratio of the solution is controlled to be 1:1.5, and the ultrasonic stirring is uniform, and the pH value of the solution is adjusted to be 8 to obtain a suspension B;

(3) Suspension B prepared by step (2) is placed in a microwave reactor, and the inert gas nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air. The working time of the microwave reactor is set to be 50s, the relaxation time is 300s, and the microwave power is 0.5 kW, the number of microwave repetitions is 5 times, start the microwave reactor, and carry out the reduction reaction; The degree of vacuum is -0.09MPa, and vacuum drying is carried out for 6 hours to prepare a Pt ₃ Fe/carbon nanotube electrocatalyst.

Embodiment 6:

In this embodiment, a Pt ₃ Co/acetylene black electrocatalyst was prepared by pulsed microwave assisted chemical reduction (the molar ratio of Pt to Co is 3:1, the percentage of Pt ₃ Co in the total mass of the catalyst is 20%, and the percentage of Pt in the total mass of the catalyst is Percentage is 18.16%, and the percentage of Co accounting for the total mass of catalyst is 1.84%), and concrete preparation method is as follows:

(1) According to the mass ratio of acetylene black and ethylene glycol as 1:300, acetylene black is added to ethylene glycol, and ultrasonically stirred to obtain a suspension A;

(2) The molar ratio of Co in cobalt nitrate and Pt in platinum nitrate is 1: 3, platinum nitrate and cobalt nitrate are added in the suspension A that step (1) makes together, wherein, platinum nitrate and acetylene black The mass ratio is controlled to be 1 _: 1.8, and the ultrasonic stirring is uniform, and the pH value of the solution is adjusted to be 10, and the suspension B is obtained;

(3) Suspension B prepared by step (2) is placed in a microwave reactor, and the inert gas nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air. The working time of the microwave reactor is set to be 5s, the relaxation time is 50s, and the microwave power is 3kW , the number of microwave repetitions is 30 times, the microwave reactor is started, and the reduction reaction is carried out; after the reaction is completed, the temperature of the solution is lowered to room temperature, the solution is taken out, and the sample is obtained by precipitation, filtration, and washing, and the sample is placed at 60 ° C under vacuum The density is -0.10MPa, vacuum drying for 12h, and the Pt ₃ Co/acetylene black electrocatalyst is prepared.

Embodiment 7:

In this example, a Pt ₃ Co/carbon nanotube electrocatalyst was prepared by pulsed microwave-assisted chemical reduction (the molar ratio of Pt to Co is 3:1, and the percentage of Pt ₃ Co in the total mass of the catalyst is 40%, then Pt in the total mass of the catalyst The percentage of is 36.32%, and the percentage of Co accounting for the total mass of the catalyst is 3.68%), and the specific preparation method is as follows:

(1) According to the mass ratio of carbon nanotubes and ethylene glycol as 1:100, carbon nanotubes are added to ethylene glycol, and ultrasonically stirred evenly to prepare suspension A;

(2) According to the molar ratio of Co in cobalt nitrate and Pt in platinum nitrate is 1: 3, platinum nitrate and cobalt nitrate are added in the suspension A that step (1) makes together, wherein, platinum nitrate and carbon nanotube The mass ratio of the solution is controlled to be 1:2, the ultrasonic stirring is uniform, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 12, and the suspension B is obtained;

(3) Suspension B prepared by step (2) is placed in a microwave reactor, feeds inert gas nitrogen to exhaust the air, the working time of the microwave reactor is set to 25s, the relaxation time is 150s, and the microwave power is 1.5 kW, the number of microwave repetitions is 30 times, start the microwave reactor, and carry out the reduction reaction; The vacuum degree is -0.09MPa, and vacuum drying is carried out for 10 hours to prepare the Pt ₃ Co/carbon nanotube electrocatalyst.

Claims (10)

1. a fuel cell PtM/C eelctro-catalyst, is characterized in that, this PtM/C eelctro-catalyst comprises the composition of following mass percent: active component 18.16～36.52%, auxiliary agent M1.74～3.68%, all the other are conductive carrier.

2. a kind of fuel cell PtM/C eelctro-catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described active component is Pt metal, and described auxiliary agent M comprises one or more simple substance in Fe, Co, Ni.

3. a kind of fuel cell PtM/C eelctro-catalyst according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described conductive carrier comprises that Vulcan XC-72, acetylene black, Ketjen are black, one or more in carbon nano-tube, carbon nanohorn, carbon nano molecular sieve, gnf, graphene oxide and Graphene.

4. the preparation method of PtM/C eelctro-catalyst for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method is that active component presoma and auxiliary agent presoma one step are joined in the mixing suspension of conductive carrier and reducing agent, adopt pulse microwave assistant chemical reducing process that Pt metal and M are reduced from presoma, and load in conductive carrier, through precipitation, filtration, washing, vacuumize, make PtM/C eelctro-catalyst again, specifically comprise the following steps:

(1) by the mass ratio of conductive carrier and reducing agent, be 1: (100～600), conductive carrier is joined in reductant solution, ultrasonic agitation is even, makes suspending liquid A;

(2) by the mol ratio of Pt in M in auxiliary agent presoma and active component presoma, it is 1: 3, active component presoma is joined together with auxiliary agent presoma in the suspending liquid A that step (1) makes, ultrasonic agitation is even, and regulator solution pH value is 8～12, makes suspension B;

(3) suspension B step (2) being made is placed in microwave reactor, adopt pulse microwave assistant chemical reducing process to react, after reaction finishes, treat that solution temperature is down to room temperature, through precipitation, filtration, washing, vacuumize, make PtM/C eelctro-catalyst.

5. the preparation method of PtM/C eelctro-catalyst for a kind of fuel cell according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the mass ratio of the conductive carrier that the active component presoma that step (2) is described and step (1) are described is 1: (1.5～2).

6. the preparation method of PtM/C eelctro-catalyst for a kind of fuel cell according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described active component presoma comprises chloroplatinic acid or platinum nitrate.

7. according to a kind of fuel cell described in claim 3 or 4, use the preparation method of PtM/C eelctro-catalyst, it is characterized in that, described auxiliary agent presoma comprises solubility organic salt or the soluble inorganic salt of M, the soluble inorganic salt of described M comprises nitrate, sulfate or chloride, and the solubility organic salt of described M comprises acetate.

8. the preparation method of PtM/C eelctro-catalyst for a kind of fuel cell according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described reducing agent comprises one or more in formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethylene glycol, glycerol and sodium borohydride.

9. the preparation method of PtM/C eelctro-catalyst for a kind of fuel cell according to claim 4; it is characterized in that; the operating condition of the employing pulse microwave assistant chemical reducing process that step (3) is described is: in microwave reactor, pass into inert protective gas; the operating time of microwave reactor is 5～50s; relaxation time is 50～300s; microwave power is 0.5～3kW, and microwave repeat function number of times is 5～30 times.

10. the preparation method of PtM/C eelctro-catalyst for a kind of fuel cell according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the described vacuum drying temperature of step (3) is 60～120 ℃, and vacuum degree is-0.09～-0.1MPa, and be 6～12h drying time.