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CN104215882B - Voltage sag source locating method based on active single-port network resistor polarity - Google Patents

Voltage sag source locating method based on active single-port network resistor polarity Download PDF

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CN104215882B
CN104215882B CN201410456670.4A CN201410456670A CN104215882B CN 104215882 B CN104215882 B CN 104215882B CN 201410456670 A CN201410456670 A CN 201410456670A CN 104215882 B CN104215882 B CN 104215882B
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disturbance
source
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voltage sag
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CN104215882A (en
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唐轶
刘昊
范秀龙
王猛
孙建坡
陈奎
方永丽
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XUYI POWER SUPPLY Co OF JIANGSU ELECTRIC POWER Co
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Xuyi Power Supply Co Of Jiangsu Electric Power Co
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Abstract

The invention discloses a voltage sag source locating method based on an active single-port network resistor polarity and belongs to automatic monitoring and locating methods for power grid voltage sag source locating. The voltage sag source locating method includes that a voltage sag source direction is judged accurately by measuring a real component polarity of external characteristic impedance of an active single-port network according to a linear active single-port network theory; when the real component polarity of the external characteristic impedance is positive, a disturbing source is at the upstream position of a monitoring point; when the real component polarity of the external characteristic impedance is negative, the disturbing source is at the downstream position of the monitoring point; a corresponding algorithm for the real component polarity of the external characteristic impedance is defined and provided. The voltage sag source locating method based on the active single-port network resistor polarity has the advantages that the method is capable of locating voltage sag caused by various power grid faults determinately and applicable to power grids of radiation-type, ring-type, single-loop, double-loop, single-power-source and multi-power-source grid structures as well as voltage sag source locating caused by disturbance resulting from capacitor switching, transformer switching, large motor starting; voltage and current of the monitoring point need to be sampled synchronously according to the voltage sag source locating method.

Description

一种基于有源单端口网络电阻极性的电压暂降源定位方法A voltage sag source location method based on active single-port network resistance polarity

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种电网电压暂降源定位的自动监测定位方法,特别是一种基于有源单端口网络电阻极性的电压暂降源定位方法。The invention relates to an automatic monitoring and positioning method for locating a voltage sag source in a grid, in particular to a voltage sag source locating method based on the polarity of an active single-port network resistance.

背景技术Background technique

电压暂降,是指供电电压均方根值在短时间内突然下降至额定电压幅值的90%~10%,其典型持续时间为10ms~1min的一种现象。一些高度自动化设备很容易受到电压暂降的影响,几个周期的电压暂降都会对工业生产造成巨大经济损失,据国外调查,电能质量问题中电压暂降已成为主要的投诉原因,甚至占到投诉比重的80%。然而,电能是一种由电力部门向电力用户提供,并由供、用电双方共同保证质量的特殊产品。在导致电能质量下降的责任上,供用电双方往往因为缺少对电能质量下降原因的判断而存在分歧甚至陷入经济纠纷。对电压暂降源诊断、定位,可界定供用电双方责任,也为制定缓和策略提供参考和依据,为此,近年来电压暂降源定位引起了国内外研究者的关注。Voltage sag refers to a phenomenon in which the root mean square value of the supply voltage suddenly drops to 90% to 10% of the rated voltage amplitude in a short period of time, and its typical duration is 10ms to 1min. Some highly automated equipment is easily affected by voltage sags, and several cycles of voltage sags will cause huge economic losses to industrial production. According to foreign surveys, voltage sags have become the main cause of complaints in power quality problems, and even account for 80% of the proportion of complaints. However, electric energy is a special product that is provided by the power sector to power users and whose quality is jointly guaranteed by both the power supplier and the power user. In terms of responsibility for the decline in power quality, both power suppliers and consumers often have disagreements or even fall into economic disputes due to lack of judgment on the cause of power quality decline. Diagnosing and locating the source of voltage sags can define the responsibilities of both power suppliers and consumers, and also provide reference and basis for formulating mitigation strategies. For this reason, the location of voltage sag sources has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad in recent years.

电压暂降源定位,就是确定引起电压暂降的扰动源位于监测装置的哪一侧。现有暂降源定位方法主要来自国外的研究者,国内的研究大多是对国外研究的定位方法的分析比较和综述或是已有定位方法的综合,鲜见有新定位方法的提出。从定位原理来分大致可分为以下两类。第一类有:一种利用扰动能量和扰动功率初始峰值定位方法,第二种是将此法改进推广到注入系统能量的扰动源定位,第三种是引入扰动无功功率和无功能量,使该方法得到了扩展。此类方法当扰动能量和扰动功率不吻合时,可信度大大减小,且对接地性故障定位不可靠。第二类可归纳为基于阻抗的方法,判定系统轨迹斜率和电流实部极性的方法,较适用于对称故障定位。等效阻抗实部极性的方法受故障周期选择的影响较大。距离阻抗继电器法适用于双侧电源供电系统。这些定位方法对对称性故障引起的电压暂降定位准确率比较高,而对非对称故障引起的电压暂降定位的准确率较低,并且,只适用于单回路放射式电网。The location of the voltage sag source is to determine which side of the monitoring device the disturbance source causing the voltage sag is located. The existing sag source location methods are mainly from foreign researchers. Most of the domestic research is the analysis, comparison and review of foreign research location methods or the synthesis of existing location methods, and few new location methods are proposed. According to the positioning principle, it can be roughly divided into the following two categories. The first category includes: a method of initial peak location using disturbance energy and disturbance power; the second is to extend this method to the location of disturbance sources that inject energy into the system; the third is to introduce disturbance reactive power and reactive energy. This method has been extended. When the disturbance energy and disturbance power of such methods do not coincide, the reliability is greatly reduced, and the ground fault location is not reliable. The second category can be summarized as the impedance-based method, which is a method for determining the slope of the system trajectory and the polarity of the real part of the current, which is more suitable for symmetrical fault location. The method of the polarity of the real part of the equivalent impedance is greatly affected by the choice of the fault cycle. The distance impedance relay method is suitable for double-sided power supply systems. These positioning methods have a relatively high accuracy rate for voltage sags caused by symmetrical faults, but low accuracy for voltage sags caused by asymmetrical faults, and are only suitable for single-circuit radial grids.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是针对已有技术存在的问题,提供一种基于有源单端口网络电阻极性的电压暂降源定位方法,实现对电网电压暂降源的自动监测定位,应用于各种电网电能质量污染源的分析仪器和自动监测装置。The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art, to provide a voltage sag source location method based on the active single-port network resistance polarity, to realize automatic monitoring and location of the power grid voltage sag source, and to apply to various power grids Analytical instruments and automatic monitoring devices for power quality pollution sources.

实现本发明目的的技术方案:依据线性有源单端口网络理论,通过测量有源单端口网络的外部特性阻抗的实部极性来准确判断电压暂降源的方向;外部特性阻抗的实部极性为正时,扰动源在监测点的上游;外部特性阻抗的实部极性为负时,扰动源在监测点的下游;The technical solution for realizing the object of the present invention: according to the linear active single-port network theory, accurately judge the direction of the voltage sag source by measuring the real part polarity of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network; the real part polarity of the external characteristic impedance When the polarity is positive, the disturbance source is upstream of the monitoring point; when the polarity of the real part of the external characteristic impedance is negative, the disturbance source is downstream of the monitoring point;

具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows:

步骤a.设锁相环,电网正常运行时,即电压暂降发生前,在监测点对三相电压和电流分别以每基波周期同步采样N个点得:uami(n)、ubmi(n)、ucmi(n)和iami(n)、ibmi(n)、icmi(n);对中性点有效接地电网,由式(1)计算各相对地电压的均方根值;对中性点非有效接地电网,由式(2)计算各相对电网中性点电压的均方根值;当任何一相电压的均方根值小于90%的额定相电压时,电压暂降扰动发生;Step a. Set up a phase-locked loop. When the power grid is running normally, that is, before the voltage sag occurs, the three-phase voltage and current are respectively sampled at N points synchronously at each fundamental wave cycle at the monitoring point: u ami (n), u bmi (n), u cmi (n) and i ami (n), i bmi (n), i cmi (n); for the neutral point effectively grounded grid, the root mean square of each phase-to-ground voltage is calculated by formula (1) value; for the neutral point non-effectively grounded power grid, calculate the root mean square value of the neutral point voltage of each relative power grid by formula (2); when the root mean square value of any phase voltage is less than 90% of the rated phase voltage, the voltage A sag disturbance occurs;

式中,Uami,Ubmi,Ucmi分别是监测点mi测得的三相电压uami(n)、ubmi(n)、ucmi(n)的均方根值,是电网的零序电压;In the formula, U ami , U bmi , and U cmi are the root mean square values of the three-phase voltages u ami (n), u bmi (n), and u cmi (n) measured at monitoring point mi respectively, is the zero-sequence voltage of the grid;

电压暂降发生后,向前推K·N个采样点,取电压暂降扰动前三相电压电流采样值:uapmi(n-KN)、ubpmi(n-KN)、ucpmi(n-KN)和iapmi(n-KN)、ibpmi(n-KN)、icpmi(n-KN),并继续采样扰动期间的三相电压、电流得:uadmi(n)、ubdmi(n)、ucdmi(n)和iadmi(n)、ibdmi(n)、icdmi(n),求得扰动电压和电流:After the voltage sag occurs, push forward K N sampling points, and take the three-phase voltage and current sampling values before the voltage sag disturbance: u apmi (n-KN), u bpmi (n-KN), u cpmi (n- KN) and i apmi (n-KN), i bpmi (n-KN), i cpmi (n-KN), and continue to sample the three-phase voltage and current during the disturbance: u admi (n), u bdmi ( n ), u cdmi (n) and i admi (n), i bdmi ( n), i cdmi (n), get the disturbance voltage and current:

式中,Δu为扰动电压,Δi为扰动电流;n是采样点的编号,是序数,n=0,1,…;N是基波一个周期的采样点数;K取一正整数,K=1或2,或3,是扰动期间采样点滞后扰动前采样点的基波周期数;下标p表示电压暂降发生前,即电网正常运行时;下标d表示扰动期间;下标mi为第i个监测点,i为序数,i=1,2,...;下标a、b、c分别表示a、b、c三相;下标顺序:相(a、b或c)-扰动前p或期间d-监测点mi;In the formula, Δu is the disturbance voltage, Δi is the disturbance current; n is the serial number of the sampling point, n=0, 1,...; N is the number of sampling points in one cycle of the fundamental wave; K takes a positive integer, K=1 Or 2, or 3, is the number of fundamental wave cycles of the sampling point lagging behind the disturbance during the disturbance period; the subscript p means before the voltage sag occurs, that is, when the power grid is in normal operation; the subscript d means the disturbance period; the subscript mi is the first i monitoring points, i is an ordinal number, i=1, 2,...; the subscripts a, b, c represent the three phases a, b, c respectively; the order of the subscripts: phase (a, b or c)-disturbance Before p or during d-monitoring point mi;

步骤b.由式(5)和(6)求mi点的各相扰动电压的实部和虚部:Step b. Find the real part and the imaginary part of each phase disturbance voltage of mi point by formula (5) and (6):

式中,分别为x相电压和电流扰动相量的实部,分别为相电压和电流扰动相量的虚部,x∈[a,b,c];再由式(7)算出mi监测点x∈[a,b,c]相的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部RexmiIn the formula, and are respectively the x-phase voltage and current disturbance phasors and the real part of and are the phase voltage and current disturbance phasors, respectively and The imaginary part of x ∈ [a, b, c]; then calculate the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the phase mi monitoring point x ∈ [a, b, c] by formula (7);

步骤c.依据监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi的极性定位电压暂降源。可以任意定义一个参考方向,这个定义是由电压和电流互感器的同名端决定的,一股定义负荷消耗有功功率为“正”;仅对电压暂降相,即相电压小于90%额定相电压的相,进行判断,当监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi为正时,电压暂降源,即扰动源在参考方向的相反方向,也称上游;当监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi为负时,电压暂降源在参考方向的相同方向,也称下游。Step c. Locate the source of the voltage sag according to the polarity of the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi. A reference direction can be defined arbitrarily. This definition is determined by the same-named terminals of the voltage and current transformers. One defines the active power consumed by the load as "positive"; only for the voltage sag phase, that is, the phase voltage is less than 90% of the rated phase voltage When the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi is positive, the source of the voltage sag, that is, the disturbance source is in the opposite direction of the reference direction, also called upstream; when the monitoring point When the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network of mi is negative, the voltage sag source is in the same direction as the reference direction, also called downstream.

有益效果,由于采用了上述方案,电压暂降源定位,就是确定引起电压暂降的扰动源位于监测装置的哪一侧。本发明依据有源单端口网络理论,任何电网从监测点向非扰动侧观察,都可以等效为1个有源线性单端口网络;对于配电网,短路容量不是很大,可近似认为这个端口网络中的电源为无限大电源,因此,这1个有源单端口网络可用“戴维南电路”等效,即对外部电路而言,总可以用一个理想电压源和一个线性阻抗相串联的有源支路来代替;在任意mi监测点“确定”一个有功电流参考方向,这种“确定”的有功电流参考方向是由mi监测点监测装置的电流和电压互感器的极性即同名端“确定”的,一股规定负荷消耗有功功率为正参考方向。那么,在这规定的正参考方向条件下,当监测点mi测得有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部为正时,电压暂降源,即扰动源在参考方向的相反方向,也称上游;当监测点mi测得有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部为负时,电压暂降源在参考方向的相同方向,也称下游。通过同一电力网模型的仿真试验证明,它能确定性地定位电压暂降源,即定位正确率100%,而现有方法定位正确率一股只有80%左右,对不对称电压暂降扰动源的判断正确率更低,或不能判断。因此,是一种很有实用价值的电压暂降源定位方法。Beneficial effects, due to the adoption of the above solution, the location of the voltage sag source is to determine which side of the monitoring device the disturbance source causing the voltage sag is located. The present invention is based on the theory of active single-port network, any power grid viewed from the monitoring point to the non-disturbance side can be equivalent to an active linear single-port network; for the distribution network, the short-circuit capacity is not very large, and this can be approximated The power supply in the port network is an infinite power supply. Therefore, this active single-port network can be equivalent to the "Thevenin circuit", that is, for the external circuit, an ideal voltage source and a linear impedance can always be used in series. source branch instead; "determine" an active current reference direction at any mi monitoring point, this "determined" active current reference direction is determined by the polarity of the current and voltage transformer of the mi monitoring point monitoring device, that is, the terminal with the same name " Determined", the active power consumed by a specified load is in the positive reference direction. Then, under the specified positive reference direction condition, when the real part of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network measured by the monitoring point mi is positive, the voltage sag source, that is, the disturbance source is in the opposite direction of the reference direction, also called Upstream; when the real part of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network measured by the monitoring point mi is negative, the voltage sag source is in the same direction as the reference direction, also called downstream. The simulation test of the same power network model proves that it can locate the voltage sag source with certainty, that is, the location accuracy rate is 100%, while the existing method has only about 80% location accuracy rate. The correct rate of judgment is lower, or it cannot be judged. Therefore, it is a very practical method for locating the voltage sag source.

优点:该电压暂降源定位方法能确定性地定位由各种电网故障引起的电压暂降,适用于辐射式、环式、单回路、双回路、单电源和多电源网架结构电网,也适用于电容投切、变压器投切、大电机启动扰动引起的电压暂降源定位Advantages: This voltage sag source location method can deterministically locate voltage sags caused by various grid faults, and is suitable for radial, ring, single-loop, double-loop, single-power and multi-power grid structure grids. Suitable for voltage sag source location caused by capacitor switching, transformer switching, and large motor startup disturbances

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明故障前后同步采样示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of synchronous sampling before and after a fault in the present invention.

图2为本发明电力网等值电路图。Fig. 2 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the power network of the present invention.

图3为本发明“戴维南电路”外部特性图;图中:Ismi为监测点mi的短路电流有效值,A。Fig. 3 is the external characteristic diagram of " thevenin circuit" of the present invention;

具体实施方式detailed description

实施例1:本发明依据线性有源单端口网络理论,通过测量有源单端口网络的外部特性阻抗的实部极性来准确判断电压暂降源的方向;外部特性阻抗的实部极性为正时,扰动源在监测点的上游;外部特性阻抗的实部极性为负时,扰动源在监测点的下游;Embodiment 1: The present invention accurately judges the direction of the voltage sag source by measuring the polarity of the real part of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network according to the linear active single-port network theory; the polarity of the real part of the external characteristic impedance is When positive, the disturbance source is upstream of the monitoring point; when the polarity of the real part of the external characteristic impedance is negative, the disturbance source is downstream of the monitoring point;

具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows:

步骤a.设锁相环,电网正常运行时,即电压暂降发生前,在监测点对三相电压和电流分别以每基波周期同步采样N个点得:uami(n)、ubmi(n)、ucmi(n)和iami(n)、ibmi(n)、icmi(n);对中性点有效接地电网,由式(1)计算各相对地电压的均方根值;对中性点非有效接地电网,由式(2)计算各相对电网中性点电压的均方根值;当任何一相电压的均方根值小于90%的额定相电压时,电压暂降扰动发生;Step a. Set up a phase-locked loop. When the power grid is running normally, that is, before the voltage sag occurs, the three-phase voltage and current are respectively sampled at N points synchronously at each fundamental wave cycle at the monitoring point: u ami (n), u bmi (n), u cmi (n) and i ami (n), i bmi (n), i cmi (n); for the neutral point effectively grounded grid, the root mean square of each phase-to-ground voltage is calculated by formula (1) value; for the neutral point non-effectively grounded power grid, calculate the root mean square value of the neutral point voltage of each relative power grid by formula (2); when the root mean square value of any phase voltage is less than 90% of the rated phase voltage, the voltage A sag disturbance occurs;

式中,Uami,Ubmi,Ucmi分别是监测点mi测得的三相电压uami(n)、ubmi(n)、ucmi(n)的均方根值,是电网的零序电压。In the formula, U ami , U bmi , and U cmi are the root mean square values of the three-phase voltages u ami (n), u bmi (n), and u cmi (n) measured at monitoring point mi respectively, is the zero-sequence voltage of the grid.

电压暂降发生后,向前推K·N个采样点,取电压暂降扰动前三相电压电流采样值:uapmi(n-KN)、ubpmi(n-KN)、ucpmi(n-KN)和iapmi(n-KN)、ibpmi(n-KN)、icpmi(n-KN),并继续采样扰动期间的三相电压、电流得:uadmi(n)、ubdmi(n)、ucdmi(n)和iadmi(n)、ibdmi(n)、icdmi(n),求得扰动电压和电流:After the voltage sag occurs, push forward K N sampling points, and take the three-phase voltage and current sampling values before the voltage sag disturbance: u apmi (n-KN), u bpmi ( n-KN), u cpmi (n- KN) and i apmi (n-KN), i bpmi (n-KN), i cpmi (n-KN), and continue to sample the three-phase voltage and current during the disturbance: u admi (n), u bdmi (n ), u cdmi (n) and i admi (n), i bdmi ( n), i cdmi (n), get the disturbance voltage and current:

式中,Δu为扰动电压,Δi为扰动电流;n是采样点的编号,是序数,n=0,1,…;N是基波一个周期的采样点数;K取一正整数,K=1或2,或3,是扰动期间采样点滞后扰动前采样点的基波周期数;下标p表示电压暂降发生前,即电网正常运行时;下标d表示扰动期间;下标mi为第i个监测点,i为序数,i=1,2,...;下标a、b、c分别表示a、b、c三相;下标顺序:相(a、b或c)-扰动前p或期间d-监测点mi;In the formula, Δu is the disturbance voltage, Δi is the disturbance current; n is the serial number of the sampling point, n=0, 1,...; N is the number of sampling points in one cycle of the fundamental wave; K takes a positive integer, K=1 Or 2, or 3, is the number of fundamental wave cycles of the sampling point lagging behind the disturbance during the disturbance period; the subscript p means before the voltage sag occurs, that is, when the power grid is in normal operation; the subscript d means the disturbance period; the subscript mi is the first i monitoring points, i is an ordinal number, i=1, 2,...; the subscripts a, b, c represent the three phases a, b, c respectively; the order of the subscripts: phase (a, b or c)-disturbance Before p or during d-monitoring point mi;

在监测点mi监测到的扰动电压和电流分别为:The disturbance voltage and current monitored at monitoring point mi are:

由于扰动发生前mi监测点电压uapmi(n)、ubpmi(m)、ucpmi(m)、电流iapmi(m)ibpmi(n)、icpmi(m),m也是采样点的编号,是序数,m=0,1,…;和扰动期间mi监测点电压uadmi(n)、ubdmi(n)、ucdmi(n)、电流iadmi(n)、ibdmi(n)、iadmi(n)是2个不同时刻的采样值,为求得扰动电压和电流量,设锁相环,对电压和电流各周期同步采样,求得监测点mi的扰动电压和扰动电流:Because the voltage u apmi (n), u bpmi (m ), u cpmi (m), current i apmi (m) i bpmi (n), i cpmi (m) of the mi monitoring point before the disturbance occurs, m is also the number of the sampling point , is an ordinal number, m=0, 1, ...; and during the disturbance period mi monitoring point voltage u admi (n), u bdmi ( n), u cdmi (n), current i admi (n), i bdmi ( n), i admi (n) is the sampling value at two different times. In order to obtain the disturbance voltage and current, a phase-locked loop is set up, and the voltage and current are sampled synchronously in each cycle, and the disturbance voltage and disturbance current of the monitoring point mi are obtained:

式中,Δu为扰动电压,Δi为扰动电流;n是采样点的编号,是序数,n=0,1,…;N是基波一个周期的采样点数;m=n-KN;K取一正整数,K=1或2,或3,是扰动期间采样点滞后扰动前采样点的基波周期数;下标p表示电压暂降发生前即电网正常运行时;下标d表示扰动期间;下标mi为第i个监测点,i为序数,i=1,2,...;下标a、b、c分别表示a、b、c三相;下标顺序:相(a、b或c)-扰动前p或期间d-监测点mi;In the formula, Δu is the disturbance voltage, Δi is the disturbance current; n is the number of the sampling point, which is an ordinal number, n=0, 1,...; N is the number of sampling points in one cycle of the fundamental wave; m=n-KN; K takes one A positive integer, K=1 or 2, or 3, is the number of fundamental wave cycles of the sampling point lagging behind the disturbance during the disturbance period; the subscript p represents the normal operation of the power grid before the voltage sag occurs; the subscript d represents the disturbance period; The subscript mi is the i-th monitoring point, i is the ordinal number, i=1, 2, ...; the subscripts a, b, and c represent the three phases a, b, and c respectively; the order of the subscripts: phase (a, b or c) - before the disturbance p or during the period d - monitoring point mi;

步骤b.由式(5)和(6)求mi点的各相扰动电压的实部和虚部:Step b. Find the real part and the imaginary part of each phase disturbance voltage of mi point by formula (5) and (6):

式中,分别为x相电压和电流扰动相量的实部,分别为x相电压和电流扰动相量的虚部,x∈[a,b,c];再由式(7)算出mi监测点x∈[a,b,c]相的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部RexmiIn the formula, and are respectively the x-phase voltage and current disturbance phasors and the real part of and are respectively the x-phase voltage and current disturbance phasors and The imaginary part of x ∈ [a, b, c]; then calculate the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the phase mi monitoring point x ∈ [a, b, c] by formula (7);

式(3)和(4)的实部和虚部可由式(5)和(6)求得:The real and imaginary parts of formulas (3) and (4) can be obtained from formulas (5) and (6):

式中,分别为x相电压和电流扰动相量的实部,分别为相电压和电流扰动相量的虚部,x∈[a,b,c];In the formula, and are respectively the x-phase voltage and current disturbance phasors and the real part of and are the phase voltage and current disturbance phasors, respectively and The imaginary part of x ∈ [a, b, c];

有源二端口网络的特性阻抗的实部为:The real part of the characteristic impedance of an active two-port network is:

其中:ΔUxmi和ΔIxmi分别为x相扰动电压和扰动电流的有效值;为x相在mi监测点测得的扰动电压与扰动电流相量之间的相位差。将式(5)和(6)代人上式,即得式(7):Among them: ΔU xmi and ΔI xmi are the effective values of the x-phase disturbance voltage and disturbance current; is the disturbance voltage measured at mi monitoring point for phase x with disturbance current Phase difference between phasors. Substituting formulas (5) and (6) into the above formula, we can get formula (7):

步骤c.依据监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi极性定位电压暂降源;可以任意定义一个参考方向,这个定义是由电压和电流互感器的同名端决定的,一股定义负荷消耗有功功率为“正”;仅对电压暂降相,即相电压小于90%额定相电压的相,进行判断,当监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi为正时,电压暂降源即扰动源在参考方向的相反方向,也称上游;当监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi为负时,电压暂降源在参考方向的相同方向,也称下游;Step c. Locate the source of the voltage sag according to the polarity of the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi; a reference direction can be defined arbitrarily, and this definition is determined by the terminals with the same name of the voltage and current transformers , one defines the active power consumed by the load as "positive"; it only judges the voltage sag phase, that is, the phase whose phase voltage is less than 90% of the rated phase voltage, when the actual external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi When the part R exmi is positive, the source of the voltage sag, that is, the disturbance source is in the opposite direction of the reference direction, also called upstream; when the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi is negative, the voltage sag The source is in the same direction as the reference direction, also called downstream;

电压暂降源定位就是确定电压暂降源在监测装置的那一侧;电力系统中,电压暂降是因为电网中短路故障、大电机启动、电容的投切扰动引起的;以最典型的电力系统短路故障扰动为例,一股说来,在电力系统中同时出现两个以上的短路故障的概率还是很低的,因此,这里只考虑电力系统中只有一个短路故障,并且认为电力系统中的元件是线性的;对任何电网从监测点向两边观察,都可以分别等效为2个在监测点级联的有源线性单端口网络;对于配电网,短路容量不是很大,可近似认为2个端口网络中的电源为无限大电源,因此,这2个有源单端口网络可用“戴维南电路”等效,即对外部电路而言,总可以用一个理想电压源和一个线性阻抗相串联的有源支路来代替,如图2;任意mi监测点“确定”一个有功电流参考方向,这种“确定”的有功电流参考方向是由mi监测点监测装置的电流和电压互感器的极性即同名端“确定”的,一股规定负荷消耗有功功率为正参考方向;当左侧电路为供电侧,右侧电路为用电户侧,并规定对mi监测点的参考方向为从左向右为正,如图1中mi下方的“→”;对于一个已安装的电压暂降源定位监测装置,监测点的有功电流正方向已确定;那么,在这规定的正参考方向条件下,从2个有源单端口网络中的任何一个端口网络测得的外部特性阻抗:The location of the voltage sag source is to determine the side of the voltage sag source on the monitoring device; in the power system, the voltage sag is caused by a short-circuit fault in the power grid, the start of a large motor, and the switching disturbance of the capacitor; the most typical power Take system short-circuit fault disturbance as an example. Generally speaking, the probability of two or more short-circuit faults occurring simultaneously in the power system is still very low. Therefore, only one short-circuit fault in the power system is considered here, and the The components are linear; for any power grid viewed from the monitoring point to both sides, it can be equivalent to two active linear single-port networks cascaded at the monitoring point; for the distribution network, the short-circuit capacity is not very large, and can be approximated as The power supply in the 2-port network is an infinite power supply, therefore, these 2 active single-port networks can be equivalent to "Thevenin circuit", that is, for the external circuit, an ideal voltage source and a linear impedance can always be connected in series as shown in Figure 2; any mi monitoring point "determines" an active current reference direction, and this "determined" active current reference direction is determined by the poles of the current and voltage transformers of the mi monitoring point monitoring device The property refers to the "confirmation" of the terminal with the same name, and it stipulates that the active power consumed by the load is the positive reference direction; when the left circuit is the power supply side, the right circuit is the power user side, and the reference direction to the mi monitoring point is specified as from the left To the right is positive, as shown in the "→" below mi in Figure 1; for an installed voltage sag source location monitoring device, the positive direction of the active current at the monitoring point has been determined; then, under the condition of the specified positive reference direction , the external characteristic impedance measured from either port network of the 2 active one-port networks:

式中,为故障扰动期间在mi点测得的电压和电流相量,为故障扰动前在mi点测得的电压和电流相量。若特性阻抗的实部Remi小于零,则故障扰动源在与监测点有功电流参考方向的相同方向,即下游;相反,若特性阻抗的实部Remi大于零,则故障扰动源在与监测点有功电流参考方向的相反方向,即上游;式中,Zemi有明确的物理意义,2有源单端口网络即戴维南电路的外部特性阻抗;由于这2个端口网络在mi点级联,因此,这2个端口网络在mi点有同一个外部特性阻抗;只是由于在mi点的电流参考方向已确定,一个是电流从端口网络流出(图2左侧),另一个则是电流从外部流入端口网络(图2右侧),电流参考方向的方向使得从这2个端口网络测得的外部特性阻抗的极性是相反的;即为判定电压暂降扰动发生在mi那一侧(即那个端口网络内)的依据;这一基于端口网络外部特性阻抗实部极性定位电压暂降源的理论依据还可从下面得到证明;In the formula, are the voltage and current phasors measured at mi point during the fault disturbance, are the voltage and current phasors measured at mi point before the fault disturbance. If the real part Remi of the characteristic impedance is less than zero, the fault disturbance source is in the same direction as the reference direction of the active current at the monitoring point, that is, downstream; on the contrary, if the real part Remi of the characteristic impedance is greater than zero, the fault disturbance source is in the same direction as the monitoring point active current reference direction; on the contrary, if the real part Remi of the characteristic impedance is greater than zero, the fault disturbance source is in the The opposite direction of the reference direction of the active current at point i.e. upstream; where Z emi has a clear physical meaning, and the 2 active single-port network is the external characteristic impedance of Thevenin circuit; since these 2 port networks are cascaded at point mi, so , the two port networks have the same external characteristic impedance at point mi; only because the current reference direction at point mi has been determined, one is the current flowing out of the port network (left side of Figure 2), and the other is the current flowing in from the outside Port network (right side of Figure 2), the direction of the current reference direction makes the polarity of the external characteristic impedance measured from these two port networks opposite; that is, to determine that the voltage sag disturbance occurs on the side of mi (that is, that The theoretical basis for locating the voltage sag source based on the polarity of the real part of the external characteristic impedance of the port network) can also be proved from the following:

在图2中,若故障在用电户侧,则由非故障扰动侧,即从供电侧“戴维南电路”得到故障扰动前:In Figure 2, if the fault is on the consumer side, then the non-fault disturbance side, that is, the "Thevenin circuit" on the power supply side before the fault disturbance:

设故障扰动期间,mi监测点的电压增量为电流增量为则得:Assuming that during the fault disturbance period, the voltage increment of mi monitoring point is The current increment is then:

相减整理得:Subtracted to get:

按照图2所示电流参考方向,供电侧电源是供电电源,Z1是耗能元件,因此,Z1的实部R1>0,必有Remi<0,故障扰动源在与监测点有功电流参考方向的相同方向,即下游。实际上,依据图2的电流参考方向,即电流参考方向是从端口网络流出,供电侧“戴维南电路”的外部特性的斜率是负值,如图3第一象限直线,因此,Remi<0;According to the current reference direction shown in Figure 2, the power supply on the power supply side is the power supply, and Z 1 is the energy-consuming element. Therefore, if the real part of Z 1 R 1 >0, there must be R emi <0, and the fault disturbance source is in the same direction as the reference direction of the active current of the monitoring point, that is, downstream. In fact, according to the current reference direction in Figure 2, that is, the current reference direction is flowing out of the port network, the slope of the external characteristic of the "Thevenin circuit" on the power supply side is a negative value, as shown in the first quadrant line in Figure 3, therefore, R emi <0 ;

若故障在供电侧,则同样由非故障扰动侧,即从用电户侧“戴维南电路”得到故障扰动前:If the fault is on the power supply side, before the fault disturbance is obtained from the non-fault disturbance side, that is, the "Thevenin circuit" on the consumer side:

故障扰动期间: During a fault disturbance:

相减整理得:Subtracted to get:

按照图2所示有功电流参考方向,用电侧电源是发出负功率,Z2是耗能元件,因此,Z2的实部R2>0,必有Remi>0,故障扰动源在与监测点有功电流参考方向的相反方向,即上游;实际上,依据图2的电流参考方向,即电流参考方向是从外部流入端口网络,用电侧“戴维南电路”的外部特性的斜率是正值,如图3第二象限直线,因此,Remi>0。According to the reference direction of active current shown in Figure 2, the power supply on the power consumption side is to emit negative power, and Z 2 is an energy-consuming element. Therefore, if the real part R 2 of Z 2 >0, there must be Remi >0, and the fault disturbance source is in the opposite direction to the reference direction of the active current at the monitoring point, that is, upstream; in fact , according to the current reference direction in Figure 2, that is, the current reference direction flows into the port network from the outside, and the slope of the external characteristic of the "Thevenin circuit" on the power consumption side is positive, as shown in the second quadrant straight line in Figure 3, therefore, Remi>0.

Claims (1)

1.一种基于有源单端口网络电阻极性的电压暂降源定位方法,其特征是:依据线性有源单端口网络理论,通过测量有源单端口网络的外部特性阻抗的实部极性来准确判断电压暂降源的方向;外部特性阻抗的实部极性为正时,扰动源在监测点的上游;外部特性阻抗的实部极性为负时,扰动源在监测点的下游;1. A voltage sag source location method based on active single-port network resistance polarity, characterized in that: according to the linear active single-port network theory, by measuring the real part polarity of the external characteristic impedance of active single-port network To accurately determine the direction of the voltage sag source; when the polarity of the real part of the external characteristic impedance is positive, the disturbance source is upstream of the monitoring point; when the polarity of the real part of the external characteristic impedance is negative, the disturbance source is downstream of the monitoring point; 具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows: 步骤a.设锁相环,电网正常运行时,即电压暂降发生前,在监测点对三相电压和电流分别以每基波周期同步采样N个点得:uami(n)、ubmi(n)、ucmi(n)和iami(n)、ibmi(n)、icmi(n);对中性点有效接地电网,由式(1)计算各相对地电压的均方根值;对中性点非有效接地电网,由式(2)计算各相对电网中性点电压的均方根值;当任何一相电压的均方根值小于90%的额定相电压时,电压暂降扰动发生;Step a. Set up a phase-locked loop. When the power grid is running normally, that is, before the voltage sag occurs, the three-phase voltage and current are respectively sampled at N points synchronously at each fundamental wave cycle at the monitoring point: u ami (n), u bmi (n), u cmi (n) and i ami (n), i bmi (n), i cmi (n); for the neutral point effectively grounded grid, the root mean square of each phase-to-ground voltage is calculated by formula (1) value; for the neutral point non-effectively grounded power grid, calculate the root mean square value of the neutral point voltage of each relative power grid by formula (2); when the root mean square value of any phase voltage is less than 90% of the rated phase voltage, the voltage A sag disturbance occurs; 式中,Uami,Ubmi,Ucmi分别是监测点mi测得的三相电压uami(n)、ubmi(n)、ucmi(n)的均方根值,是电网的零序电压;In the formula, U ami , U bmi , and U cmi are the root mean square values of the three-phase voltages u ami (n), u bmi (n), and u cmi (n) measured at monitoring point mi respectively, is the zero-sequence voltage of the grid; 电压暂降发生后,向前推K·N个采样点,取电压暂降扰动前三相电压电流采样值:uapmi(n-KN)、ubpmi(n-KN)、ucpmi(n-KN)和iapmi(n-KN)、ibpmi(n-KN)、icpmi(n-KN),并继续采样扰动期间的三相电压、电流得:uadmi(n)、ubdmi(n)、ucdmi(n)和iadmi(n)、ibdmi(n)、icdmi(n),求得扰动电压和电流:After the voltage sag occurs, push forward K N sampling points, and take the three-phase voltage and current sampling values before the voltage sag disturbance: u apmi (n-KN), u bpmi (n-KN), u cpmi (n- KN) and i apmi (n-KN), i bpmi (n-KN), i cpmi (n-KN), and continue to sample the three-phase voltage and current during the disturbance: u admi (n), u bdmi ( n ), u cdmi (n) and i admi (n), i bdmi ( n), i cdmi (n), get the disturbance voltage and current: 式中,Δu为扰动电压,Δi为扰动电流;n是采样点的编号,是序数,n=0,1,…;N是基波一 个周期的采样点数;K取一正整数,K=1或2,或3,是扰动期间采样点滞后扰动前采样点的基波周期数;下标p表示电压暂降发生前,即电网正常运行时;下标d表示扰动期间;下标mi为第i个监测点,i为序数,i=1,2,…;下标a、b、c分别表示a、b、c三相;下标顺序:相(a、b或c)-扰动前p或期间d-监测点mi;In the formula, Δu is the disturbance voltage, Δi is the disturbance current; n is the serial number of the sampling point, n=0,1,...; N is the number of sampling points in one cycle of the fundamental wave; K takes a positive integer, K=1 Or 2, or 3, is the number of fundamental wave cycles of the sampling point lagging behind the disturbance during the disturbance period; the subscript p means before the voltage sag occurs, that is, when the power grid is in normal operation; the subscript d means the disturbance period; the subscript mi is the first i monitoring points, i is an ordinal number, i=1, 2, ...; subscripts a, b, c represent three phases a, b, c respectively; subscript sequence: phase (a, b or c) - p before disturbance or during d-monitoring point mi; 步骤b.由式(5)和(6)求监测点mi的各相扰动电压的实部和虚部:Step b. Calculate the real part and the imaginary part of each phase disturbance voltage of monitoring point mi by formula (5) and (6): 式中,Δ分别为x相电压和电流扰动相量的实部,分别为x相电压和电流扰动相量的虚部,x∈[a,b,c];再由式(7)算出监测点mi x∈[a,b,c]相的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi;所述的分别为x相电压和电流扰动相量;In the formula, Δ and are respectively the x-phase voltage and current disturbance phasors and the real part of and are respectively the x-phase voltage and current disturbance phasors and The imaginary part of x∈[a,b,c]; then calculate the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi x∈[a,b,c] phase by formula (7); described and are respectively the x-phase voltage and current disturbance phasors; 步骤c.依据监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi的极性定位电压暂降源;可以任意定义一个参考方向,这个定义是由电压和电流互感器的同名端决定的,一般定义负荷消耗有功功率为“正”;仅对电压暂降相,即相电压小于90%额定相电压的相,进行判断,当监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi为正时,电压暂降源,即扰动源在参考方向的相反方向,也称上游;当监测点mi的有源单端口网络外部特性阻抗的实部Rexmi为负时,电压暂降源在参考方向的相同方向,也称下游。Step c. Locate the voltage sag source according to the polarity of the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi; a reference direction can be defined arbitrarily, and this definition is determined by the same-named end of the voltage and current transformer Generally, the active power consumed by the load is defined as "positive"; only the voltage sag phase, that is, the phase whose phase voltage is less than 90% of the rated phase voltage, is judged. When the actual external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi When the part R exmi is positive, the source of the voltage sag, that is, the disturbance source is in the opposite direction of the reference direction, also called upstream; when the real part R exmi of the external characteristic impedance of the active single-port network at the monitoring point mi is negative, the voltage sag The source of descent is in the same direction as the reference direction, also called downstream.
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