CN104207776A - Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device. According to the invention, the cerebral function imaging, the MRI perfusion weighted imaging and the magnetic resonance diffusion imaging are united, so that the assessment for the cerebral injury caused by motor neuron disease and Parkinson disease is assisted, a beneficial judging basis is supplied for illness state judgment, and the accuracy rate of disease judgment is increased; an ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) patient is accompanied with FTD (frontal temporal dementia), so that the detection means, such as cortex thickness, also is beneficial to the disease diagnose and research; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging techniques have strong complementarity; the combination of the functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging techniques has a wide application prospect in neurosciences research; unique brain structure and function information can be supplied.

Description

A kind of comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device and method

technical field

The invention relates to an imaging device and a method thereof, in particular to an imaging device and a method for detecting brain damage of motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease.

Background technique

One of the current hot spots and difficulties in neuroscience research is motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease. These two diseases are both neurodegenerative diseases, and their etiology is still unclear. The current research direction is mainly how the brain is damaged in different stages of the disease ( injury site, degree and corresponding characteristics), how pathophysiology changes during treatment and the effect of drugs on brain injury and disease development; generally based on clinical symptoms and signs to determine brain injury lack of specific and quantitative indicators, therefore, clinically urgently needed Effective auxiliary examination methods, especially imaging examinations, can provide brain damage changes of the disease and make effective judgments on the progress of the disease;

Motor neuron disease (MND) is a group of chronic progressive neurodegenerative diseases that selectively invade the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, brainstem motor neurons, cortical pyramidal cells and pyramidal tracts, with an incidence of about 1 per year. -3/100,000, the prevalence rate is 4-8/100,000 per year; since most patients die within 3-5 years after onset of symptoms, the prevalence and incidence of the disease are relatively close; the etiology of MND is still unclear , it is generally believed to be caused by the exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to adverse environments with age, that is, genetic factors and environmental factors jointly lead to the occurrence of motor neuron disease;

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, more common in the elderly, with an average age of onset of about 60 years old, and young Parkinson's disease onset under the age of 40 is rare. The prevalence of PD among people over 65 years old in China is about 1.7%. Most patients with Parkinson's disease are sporadic cases, and less than 10% of patients have family history. The main pathological change of Parkinson's disease is the substantia nigra of the midbrain. The degeneration and death of dopamine (DA) neurons lead to a significant reduction in striatal DA content and cause disease. The exact cause of this pathological change is still unclear. Genetic factors, environmental factors, aging , oxidative stress, etc. may be involved in the degeneration and death process of PD dopaminergic neurons; for Parkinson's disease, when the patient has clinical symptoms, at least 50% of the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons die, and the striatal dopamine (DA) content A reduction of more than 80% indicates that there is a subclinical stage of PD. Therefore, how to detect preclinical patients early has become one of the hotspots in the field of Parkinson's disease research. Routine blood and cerebrospinal fluid examinations are mostly normal, and there are no characteristic changes in head CT and MRI. Uptake functional PET imaging can show that the synthesis of dopamine transmitters is reduced, and dopamine transporter (DAT) functional imaging with 125I-β-CIT and 99mTc-TRODAT-1 as tracers can show that the number of DATs is reduced. Decreases can be shown in the subclinical stage and brain damage can be assessed. However, this examination is expensive and has not been routinely carried out. Therefore, other auxiliary examination methods are urgently needed to provide evidence for the brain damage of the two diseases;

At present, the evaluation of brain damage in PD mainly relies on medical history, clinical symptoms and signs; according to the diagnostic criteria of the Brain Bank of the British Parkinson's Disease Association, the UPDRS score and Hoehn-Yahr grading criteria are used clinically to evaluate the severity and course of the disease, which lacks objective According to the basis, and the diagnosis needs to exclude Parkinson syndrome, Parkinson plus syndrome and essential tremor, according to literature reports, the diagnostic accuracy is only 82%; according to literature reports, about 30% of healthy volunteers, in neurological examination There may also be slight tremor in the middle, because the clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease and early Parkinson plus syndrome are similar, the misdiagnosis rate is as high as 25%, the correct rate of Parkinson's disease diagnosis within 5 years of onset is 65%, and the course of disease is more than 12 years Compared with autopsy, the correct rate of diagnosis is 76%. It can be seen that it is not ideal to evaluate Parkinson's disease brain injury only by medical history and clinical manifestations. Therefore, it is imperative to explore a safe and effective method to monitor brain damage in Parkinson's disease; to date, imaging studies of Parkinson's disease have mainly focused on changes in morphology and metabolic function, mainly involving substantia nigra volume The measurement of iron deposition in the extrapyramidal nucleus, the study of the substantia nigra-striatum fiber pathway and proton spectroscopy, etc. are not satisfied with the sensitivity and specificity of evaluating brain damage in Parkinson's disease. Functional magnetic resonance technology It has been widely used in the clinical and basic research of brain function, combining the three factors of function, anatomy and imaging, providing strong technical support for clinical magnetic resonance diagnosis from single morphological research to systematic research combined with function; This technology has the characteristics of non-invasive, non-radioactive, repeatable, high temporal and spatial resolution, and can accurately locate brain functional areas, etc., which provides broad application prospects for brain neuroscience; now more and more researches The clues suggest that the application potential of functional magnetic resonance in motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease brain injury and disease assessment is huge; therefore, we propose to use functional magnetic resonance method to evaluate brain damage in motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease, Provide high-quality evidence for early intervention and treatment of diseases; fMRI is mainly divided into the following types:

BOLD fMRI In 1990, Ogawa et al obtained a functional magnetic resonance image of the human brain based on the principle that the increase in the content of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in the functional active area of the brain leads to the enhancement of the magnetic resonance signal, that is, the brain functional imaging dependent on the blood oxygen level (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent fMRI, BOLD fMRI). Due to the tight link between hemodynamic responses and brain neural activity, BOLD fMRI signals are closely related to regional cerebral blood flow, oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (dHb) content. When stimulated by a specific task (such as vision, movement, etc.), the corresponding brain functional cortex area can be activated, thereby causing an increase in local cerebral blood flow and oxygen exchange, and the oxygen supply is greater than the oxygen consumption, resulting in Oxygenated hemoglobin increases and deoxygenated hemoglobin decreases. Deoxyhemoglobin has paramagnetic properties, which can cause a non-uniform magnetic field inside and outside tissue capillaries, thereby accelerating the dephasing of protons, shortening the T2 relaxation time, and resulting in a decrease in T2-weighted signals. Therefore, when the content of deoxygenated hemoglobin decreases, the local T2-weighted signal can be enhanced, so as to obtain the functional imaging map of the corresponding activated brain area. Olfactory function testing can be used to early predict the risk of Parkinson's disease. Several studies have shown that 90% of PD patients have abnormal olfactory function, and its appearance time is even earlier than the symptoms of movement disorders; while in MSA and PSP patients, the general There is no or only mild olfactory abnormality, and the olfactory function is intact in patients with vascular parkinsonism. The objectivity of MRI olfactory research is good. Using fMRI to conduct a controlled study of olfactory stimulation on normal middle-aged and young people, it was found that the piriform cortex, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and cerebellum were activated in the young group; Activation in similar sites, but significantly lower in structures receiving primary olfactory projections (eg, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, amygdala). The results support a previous hypothesis that abnormalities or degeneration in brain areas that process olfactory information are the main cause of hyposmia in Parkinson's disease.

Arterial spin labeling MRI perfusion imaging (arterial spin labeling, ASL-MRI), that is, arterial spin labeling technology, is an MRI perfusion imaging method using freely diffusible water as an internal tracer. The pulse labels the water protons in the upstream arterial blood, and the blood flow of the organ is obtained by subtracting the labeled image obtained by the downstream imaging layer from the control group without labeling. In most cases, multi-layer measurement of cerebral blood flow can be performed. This technique is non-invasive, does not require injection of contrast agents or radioactive substances, and has higher spatial and temporal resolution than positron emission tomography. Arterial blood proton spin labeling MRI perfusion imaging can more accurately quantify the regional blood flow in the brain. The examination procedure and image post-processing are simple and easy to be used repeatedly, so it can be considered as a screening examination to understand the blood perfusion of brain tissue in such patients. As early as 1877, Jean-Martin Charcot had described cognitive and personality changes in patients with Parkinson's disease, but it was not until the 1960s that Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) attracted widespread attention from scholars. According to statistics, the incidence of PDD in PD patients ranges from 24% to 31%, and 70% to 80% of PD patients will eventually develop PDD. PDD accounts for 3% to 4% of various types of dementia. Moreover, PD patients progress to PDD at a rate of 10% per year. Therefore, PDD has become a disease that seriously affects the social function and quality of life of the elderly. However, domestic clinicians have not paid enough attention to it recently, and there are few related studies. Parkinson's disease dementia is mainly differentiated from dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia have hypoperfusion of regional cerebral blood flow in the posterior cortex. This imaging feature has high sensitivity and is a more specific brain injury manifestation of Parkinson's disease dementia. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves upper motor neurons, and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALS FRS) is commonly used clinically to assess the severity of the disease, and the direct imaging manifestations of brain damage can be achieved through ASL MRI , ASL MRI can show that the disease severity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is positively correlated with regional gray matter cerebral perfusion (frontal, middle cingulate, and parietal lobes).

Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging ( DTI ) is currently the only method for measuring the diffusion motion and imaging of water molecules in vivo. The most commonly used methods mainly include diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) . DTI has a good imaging effect in the central nervous system, especially for the distinction between white matter and gray matter and the course of white matter fibers. It can understand the pressure, displacement, infiltration and destruction of white matter fiber bundles caused by lesions, and provide more information for monitoring the progress of lesions. . DTI is a new breakthrough in neuroscience, allowing researchers to understand the course of nerve fibers in living bodies. This not only helps to understand the structure of human brain fibers in depth, but also has great clinical value, and has become one of the latest hotspots in the recent research of brain functional imaging technology. The biggest advantage of DTI over conventional MRI is that it can clearly display the structure of white matter fibers, and can display the running direction of white matter fibers through color tensor maps and fiber tracing maps. When intracranial lesions occur, the relationship between white matter fibers and lesions can be displayed relation. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic progressive disease, a type of motor neuron disease, a muscle wasting disease caused by damage to various neurons and lateral sclerosis of the spinal cord. Pathological and routine imaging examinations do not necessarily observe neuronal atrophy and loss. Studies have found that the FA value of ALS patients decreases at the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the cerebral peduncle, suggesting that there is degeneration of the corticospinal tract. In addition, the involvement of the corpus callosum is also one of the characteristic signs of ALS. DTI can non-invasively treat the pyramidal tract in vivo. Detection and evaluation of its underlying lesions can provide useful information for determining the brain damage in ALS and deepening the understanding of the disease.

Contents of the invention

In order to make up for the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging system with a simple structure, which combines brain functional imaging, MRI perfusion imaging, and magnetic resonance diffusion imaging to diagnose motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease. Comprehensive detection and judgment, the system can effectively realize the precise detection of various pathologies and improve the accuracy of disease judgment. At the same time, the device can also effectively realize brain functional imaging, MRI perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance diffusion imaging Complementary; Another object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging method, which is simple, convenient, and accurately detects each part of the patient, providing a basis for accurate judgment;

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device, including an information acquisition module, an information processing module, and an image display module; it is characterized in that: the information processing module is used for analyzing and processing various information, calculating probability density functions and constructing image information models The information collection module is connected with the information processing module, and is used to analyze the collected information and perform corresponding distribution; the image display module is connected with the information processing module, and is used for image construction in the information processing module display the information;

As a further improvement, the information collection module includes a brain function information collection unit, an arterial spin label information collection unit, and a water molecule diffusion information unit; the brain function information collection unit, the artery spin label information collection unit, and the water molecule diffusion information unit are respectively connected to The information processing modules are connected;

As a further improvement, the brain function information acquisition unit includes an image data acquisition unit and a navigation data acquisition unit; the image data acquisition unit and the navigation data acquisition unit are used to realize the acquisition of image data and navigation data in a K-space of one level, And realize the alternate acquisition of two data; Wherein the image data acquisition unit is to collect all the data information of the K space data on this level; The navigation data acquisition unit is to collect the designated middle row data of the K space data on this level;

As a further improvement, the information processing module includes a brain function information processing unit, an arterial spin label information processing unit, and a water molecule diffusion information processing unit;

As a further improvement, the brain function information processing unit includes an image preprocessing unit, a data calculation unit, and an image reconstruction unit; the image preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the collected information; the image preprocessing unit is used for The collected information is preprocessed, and the data calculation unit is used to calculate the functional connection mode between each pixel; the image reconstruction unit is used to recompose the processed information into image information;

As a further improvement, the water molecule dispersion information processing unit includes a density function calculation unit and an image reconstruction unit;

The present invention also includes a method for imaging using the above-mentioned device, and the specific steps are as follows:

Step 1. Use the information collection module to collect information, and after preliminary analysis of the collected information, send them to the brain function information processing unit, arterial spin label information processing and collection unit and water molecule dispersion information processing in the information processing module respectively. within the unit;

Step 2. Use the brain function information processing unit, arterial spin label information processing and acquisition unit and water molecule dispersion information processing unit in the information processing module to process the collected data respectively, and perform image processing on the processed information data. Reconstruct, and deliver the reconstructed image information to the image display module for display;

Step 3, using the image display module to display the image to the inspector;

Compared with the prior art, adopting the above scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention combines brain functional imaging, MRI perfusion imaging, and magnetic resonance diffusion imaging to assist in the assessment of brain damage in motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease, It provides a useful judgment basis for disease judgment and improves the accuracy of disease judgment; because ALS patients will be accompanied by FTD, detection methods such as cortical thickness are also helpful for disease diagnosis and research; therefore, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) It has strong complementarity with diffusion tensor imaging technology, and the combination of the two has broad application prospects in neuroscience research, and can provide unique information on brain structure and function.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device includes an information acquisition module, an information processing module, and an image display module; it is characterized in that: the information processing module is used for analyzing, processing, and calculating probability density of various information function and build an image information model; the information collection module is connected with the information processing module for analyzing and distributing the collected information; the image display module is connected with the information processing module for Display the image information constructed in the processing module;

Further, the information collection module includes a brain function information collection unit, an arterial spin label information collection unit, and a water molecule diffusion information unit; the brain function information collection unit, the arterial spin label information collection unit, and the water molecule diffusion information unit are respectively connected to The information processing modules are connected;

Further, the brain function information collection unit includes an image data collection unit and a navigation data collection unit;

Further, the information processing module includes a brain function information processing unit, an arterial spin label information processing unit, and a water molecule diffusion information processing unit;

Further, the brain function information processing unit includes an image preprocessing unit, a data calculation unit and an image reconstruction unit; the image preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the collected information; the image preprocessing unit is used for The collected information is preprocessed, and the data calculation unit is used to calculate the functional connection mode between each pixel; the image reconstruction unit is used to recompose the processed information into image information;

Further, the water molecule dispersion information processing unit includes a density function calculation unit and an image reconstruction unit;

The present invention also includes a method for imaging using the above-mentioned device, and the specific steps are as follows:

Step 1. Use the information collection module to collect information, and after preliminary analysis of the collected information, send them to the brain function information processing unit, arterial spin label information processing and collection unit and water molecule dispersion information processing in the information processing module respectively. within the unit;

The image data acquisition unit and the navigation data acquisition unit are used to realize the acquisition of image data and navigation data in the K space of one level, and realize the alternate acquisition of the two data; wherein the image data acquisition unit is the K space data of this level All data information is collected; the navigation data collection unit is to collect the designated middle row data of the K space data at this level;

The data collected by the water molecule dispersion information collection unit is the data information corresponding to no dispersion diagram and multiple dispersion diagrams;

Step 2. Use the brain function information processing unit, arterial spin label information processing and acquisition unit and water molecule dispersion information processing unit in the information processing module to process the collected data respectively, and perform image processing on the processed information data. Reconstruct, and deliver the reconstructed image information to the image display module for display;

Step 3, using the image display module to display the image to the inspector;

The present invention combines brain function imaging, MRI perfusion imaging, and magnetic resonance diffusion imaging to assist in the assessment of brain damage in motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease, providing beneficial judgment basis for disease judgment, and improving the accuracy of disease judgment; ALS patients will be accompanied by FTD, so detection methods such as cortical thickness are also helpful for the diagnosis and research of the disease; It has broad application prospects in scientific research and can provide unique information on brain structure and function;

Functional magnetic resonance has great application potential in displaying brain damage in motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease, making it possible to monitor brain damage at different stages of the disease; currently, diffusion tensor imaging is able to visualize the anatomical connections of the human brain in vivo The only means, using this technology, can quantitatively study the diffusion characteristics of human brain tissue, including gray matter and white matter, and can visually display the shape and course of fiber bundles in the physiological or pathological state of the human brain, but diffusion tensor imaging cannot Provide information on cortical function; Diffusion tensor imaging is a new technology for detecting corticospinal pathway lesions, and has certain development potential. Because ALS patients will be accompanied by FTD, detection methods such as cortical thickness are also helpful for the diagnosis and research of the disease; therefore, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging technology are highly complementary, and the combination of the two in It has broad application prospects in neuroscience research and can provide unique information on brain structure and function;

For motor neuron disease, there is no cure for the disease so far, and the treatment measures are mainly to relieve symptoms, delay the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients; according to the pathogenesis, drugs to delay the progression of the disease: Rilutek ) is currently the only drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ALS, and so far, the only drug that has been proven to be effective in animal models and clinically, and its main effect can delay the progression of the disease; According to the meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled clinical trials, it is concluded that daily 100 mg Rirutai can prolong the median survival period of patients by 2 to 3 months, and the latest research shows that the benefit is better, prolonging the survival period by 4 to 20 months At present, various research institutions in the world are still working on the research and development of various drugs, hoping to make breakthroughs in the future. Some new treatments such as stem cell transplantation and gene therapy are still in the research stage. It is also very meaningful to effectively evaluate the effect of the intervention;

Patients with Parkinson's disease have abnormal olfactory function, and it is often found that patients with Parkinson's disease have hyposmia through olfactory examinations of different odor detection, while functional magnetic resonance olfactory research is good in objectivity, and the abnormality or degeneration of the brain area that processes olfactory information is the cause The main cause of hyposmia in Parkinson's disease, the sensitivity and specificity are still good, the objectivity of MRI olfactory research is good, the application of fMRI to the detection of primary olfactory projection structure, the activation of piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala are significantly reduced, Parkinson's There is low perfusion of regional cerebral blood flow in the posterior cortex in dementia of ALS disease and Parkinson's disease. For amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, DTI shows the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the crus of the brain. The FA value of ALS patients decreases, suggesting the existence of corticospinal tract degeneration. Moreover, the gray matter and corpus callosum are also involved (the FA value decreases). The severity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is positively correlated with the local gray matter cerebral blood perfusion. ASL MRI shows that the local gray matter cerebral blood perfusion is progressive with the aggravation of the disease. Both can be used as brain injury monitoring and condition monitoring to assess the severity of the disease. Therefore, we propose BOLD-fMRI, ASL-MRI combined with DTI to assist in the assessment of brain injury in motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease. The present invention aims to Provide useful guidance for disease assessment;

The following examples illustrate the disadvantages of misdiagnosis or unclear diagnosis:

(1) Assess brain damage in other diseases that are easily misdiagnosed as motor neuron disease : Patient Yang, male, 47 years old, began to experience dizziness in 2007, weakness and numbness of the left limb, especially the upper limb. After treatment in the local hospital, the symptoms were slightly Relief, left upper limb fine movement is poor. In September 2012, the symptoms aggravated, holding large objects unstable, and left lower limb fatigue was obvious, easy to fall, walking unsteadily, the symptoms were relatively serious in the afternoon, and went to the local hospital. After treatment, the symptoms did not improve significantly. In the past month, he developed choking and coughing while drinking water. In March 2013, he developed weakness in raising his left upper limb. Later, he developed slurred speech and weakness in his right upper limb. He was admitted to the hospital. Physical examination: clear mind, slightly shallow nasolabial fold on the right side, almost centered tongue protruding, upward soft palate on both sides, poor gag reflex, left upper limb muscle strength proximal grade 3+, distal grade 2+, right upper limb muscle strength Strength level 4, muscle strength level 4+ in both lower limbs, muscle tension in limbs is not high, tendon reflexes are obviously active, there is no obvious abnormality in superficial and deep sensation, muscle atrophy in the thenar and tiger's mouth area of both hands, no muscle tremor, and bilateral Papanicolaou sign Positive, head MRI+MRA+cervical spine MRI reports: 1. Acute cerebral infarction near the left ventricle, 2. Old lesions in the right temporal lobe and brainstem, cerebral ischemia and demyelination changes, 3. No evidence on MRA of the head Obvious abnormality, 4. C5/6, C6/7 intervertebral disc protruded backward and centrally, and the front of the dural sac was obviously compressed. 5. Mild degeneration of the cervical spine. After admission, the patient was given anti-platelet aggregation drugs, improved circulation, B The symptoms were relieved after treatment with family vitamins and nerve nutrition. Consider: due to active tendon reflexes in the limbs and positive bilateral pathological signs, consider upper motor neuron lesions (above the cervical spinal cord); consider lower motor neuron involvement due to muscle atrophy in both hands. Involvement of upper and lower motor neurons raises the question of motor neuron disease. ASL MRI showed normal cerebral blood flow in the local gray matter, and DTI showed the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the cerebral peduncle. The FA value of ALS patients did not decrease, suggesting that there was no degeneration of the corticospinal tract and the corpus callosum was not involved. All of the above did not support exercise. Diagnosis of neuron disease, the patient's functional MRI failed to monitor the specific brain damage of motor neuron disease, the patient's final diagnosis was 1, cerebrovascular disease 2, cervical spondylosis (compression at the front of the dural sac). During the 3-year follow-up after discharge, the symptoms were relieved, the muscle atrophy of the hands did not increase, and he could take care of himself. The reexamination of the functional magnetic resonance also failed to detect the specific brain damage of motor neuron disease. Therefore, we further confirmed our diagnosis. and targeted treatment provided high-quality evidence;

(2) Monitoring of Parkinson's disease brain damage: Patient Yang, male, 65 years old, the main cause was "left limb shaking, stiffness and slow movement for 5 years, involving the right side for 3 years". The patient experienced involuntary shaking of the distal end of the left upper limb 5 years ago without obvious incentives, which was obvious in a quiet state, aggravated when tense and excited, relieved after calm and relaxing, sleeping and holding objects, and disappeared after sleep; accompanied by inflexible left limb movement, Stiffness, symptoms gradually increased, spread to the left lower extremity. 3 years ago, the above symptoms also appeared on the right side of the body, walking slowly, taking small steps, getting up and turning around with difficulty, showing a stooped posture, flustered gait, symptoms on both sides were asymmetrical, and aggravated year by year, no standing dizziness, difficulty swallowing, drinking water choking Cough, incontinence, balance disorder, obvious constipation since the onset, poor sleep; past history: no history of CO poisoning, encephalitis, heavy metal poisoning, pesticide poisoning, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, similar medical history in the family and surrounding people, no Long-term extensive use of D2 receptor blockers and dopamine-depleting drug medical history; specialist physical examination: body temperature: 36.5 ℃, respiration: 18 beats/min, pulse: 76 beats/min; clear, indifferent expression, masked face, more salivation , Increased sebum secretion on the face and trunk. Memory, calculation, orientation, comprehension and judgment are all normal; supine blood pressure 120/ 80 mmHg, standing blood pressure 120/ 80mmHg; both eyes move freely in all directions; muscle strength of limbs is level V, no obvious muscle atrophy, biceps Muscle and knee tendon reflexes were not significantly hyperactive, bilateral Hoffmann's sign and Babinski's sign were negative; fingers and nose were accurate; bilateral extremities had 3-5 Hz thick ball-like resting tremors, and the limbs had high muscle tension, showing gear-like rigidity, and the left side was heavier than Right. Bending posture, flustered gait, and obvious lowercase signs; auxiliary examination: MRI (outside hospital) head plain scan plus FLAIR showed no obvious abnormalities, blood pressure in standing and supine positions showed no obvious abnormalities for three days, fMRI showed piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, amygdala The activation of the nucleus was significantly reduced, suggesting abnormal olfactory function, which belongs to the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, which provides objective evidence for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease; If enough time is given for the patient's examination, his memory, calculation and orientation are still normal. Five years after the onset, the patient's cognitive decline symptoms further aggravated. The patient had hypoperfusion of regional cerebral blood flow in the posterior cortex, suggesting Parkinson's disease dementia. This case was followed up from early Parkinson's disease to the whole process of Parkinson's disease dementia, showing specific brain injury imaging changes, laying the foundation for follow-up research;

(3) Motor neuron disease brain damage and condition monitoring and evaluation: Zhang, male, 70 years old, was admitted to the hospital with the main complaint of "slurred speech, coughing and drinking water for half a year". , hoarseness, limb weakness, the above symptoms have worsened in the past 1 month, speech loss, weight loss, unsteady walking, physical examination: clear mind, dysarthria, forced crying, forced laughing, gag reflex loss, tongue atrophy , Tongue muscle fibrillation, no obvious abnormalities in the rest of the cranial nerve examination, increased muscle tension in the limbs, muscle strength of the right upper and lower extremities was grade 4, and left upper and lower limb muscle strength was grade 5-, the thenar muscles and interosseous muscles of both hands were obvious Atrophy, fasciculation, normal objective sensory examination, extremity tendon reflexes, positive bilateral Babinski sign, positive Chaddock sign on the right side, electromyography showed neurogenic changes, visible fibrillation potential and positive sharp waves, and normal nerve conduction velocity. DTI shows that at the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the cerebral peduncle, the FA value of ALS patients decreases, suggesting that there is degeneration of the corticospinal tract, and the corpus callosum is also involved; disease monitoring: ASL MRI shows that the cerebral blood perfusion in the local gray matter progressively decreases with the aggravation of the disease (The patient can still go back to the clinic for examination after 1 month and 3 months, and the FA value of the DTI review further decreased after 3 months. An example of follow-up review of DTI, confirming the great potential of DTI in brain injury and disease assessment of motor neuron disease;

(4) Assisted exclusion of Parkinson's disease dementia by brain injury characteristics : The patient, male, 61 years old, was diagnosed with "Parkinson's disease" by the local hospital for 5 years. At the beginning, his hands were slightly shaking, and the local hospital diagnosed it as Parkinson's disease. After taking Madopar for treatment, the curative effect is not significant after treatment, the symptoms have not been relieved after taking the medicine, and the symptoms have not aggravated significantly in the past 5 years, and the symptoms of tremor in the hands have been relieved in the past 2 years. Iodine 131 surgery caused atrophy of two thyroid glands and became hypothyroidism. In the past six months, the family members of the patient found that the cognitive function decreased, mainly manifested in the decline of memory and logical thinking ability. After retirement, the patient worked part-time in the Calligraphy Association. It was found that the ability to work was not as good as before, and the problems that could be easily remembered or solved in the past now needed to be written down with a pen, and accompanied by some mental symptoms, such as abnormal behavior, delusion, disturbing the family, and being different from the past, etc. Thinking of "grinding people and messing around", the family members were unbearable, so they thought it was sick and went to the doctor; physical examination: the patient's expression was indifferent, memory loss, mental retardation, unresponsiveness, non-pitting edema; Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) ) to confirm that the patient has dementia; similar to other senile dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, etc., Parkinson's disease dementia also has cognitive dysfunction, so it is necessary to differentiate it from the above diseases. Dementia in Kingson's disease is based on the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is the premise. On this basis, cognitive dysfunction can be considered as Parkinson's disease-related cognitive impairment. If the cognitive impairment is severe enough to affect life and social functions, the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease dementia can be considered. However, the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is doubtful, and the symptoms have not progressed significantly within 5 years. Taking Madopar is ineffective, and ASL-MRI shows that Regional cerebral blood flow in the ROI area of the same layer and the adjacent upper layer, Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia have hypoperfusion of regional cerebral blood flow in the posterior cortex, while the local cerebral blood flow in the posterior cortex of this patient is normal, auxiliary Examination: Thyroid function test showed hypothyroidism. The patient was finally diagnosed as hyperthyroidism and secondary hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine was taken orally to detect thyroid function and maintain TSH within the normal range. After formal treatment, the patient's cognitive function gradually returned to normal in the follow-up visit, and the MMSE score returned to normal. The follow-up ASL-MRI examination showed that the local cerebral blood flow in the posterior cortex of the patient was normal, and there was no significant change from the previous examination, so the final diagnosis was made. Considering that the patient's initial hand tremor was caused by hyperthyroidism, while the cognitive decline was caused by secondary hypothyroidism, fMRI provided strong support for the observation of brain damage in the disease;

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation manners, and various transformations made by those skilled in the art starting from the above-mentioned concept without creative work all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device, comprising an information acquisition module, an information processing module and an image display module; it is characterized in that: The information processing module is used for analyzing and processing various information, calculating probability density functions and constructing image information models; The information collection module is connected with the information processing module, and is used to analyze the collected information and perform corresponding distribution; The image display module is connected with the information processing module, and is used for displaying the image information constructed in the information processing module. 2. A kind of comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the information acquisition module includes a brain function information acquisition unit, an arterial spin label information acquisition unit and a water molecule diffusion information unit; The information collection unit, the arterial spin label information collection unit and the water molecule dispersion information unit are respectively connected with the information processing module. 3. A kind of comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the brain function information acquisition unit comprises an image data acquisition unit and a navigation data acquisition unit; the image data acquisition unit and the navigation data acquisition unit The unit is used to realize the acquisition of image data and navigation data in the K-space of one level, and realize the alternate acquisition of the two data; the image data acquisition unit is used to collect all the data information of the K-space data at this level; the navigation data acquisition unit It is to collect the designated intermediate row data of the K-space data of this level. 4. A comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the information processing module includes a brain function information processing unit, an arterial spin label information processing unit, and a water molecule diffusion information processing unit. 5. A kind of comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the brain function information processing unit comprises an image preprocessing unit, a data calculation unit and an image reconstruction unit; the image preprocessing unit It is used to preprocess the collected information, the data calculation unit is used to calculate the functional connection mode between each pixel; the image reconstruction unit is used to recompose the processed information into image information. 6. A comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the water molecule dispersion information processing unit includes a density function calculation unit and an image reconstruction unit. 7. Utilize the method that device as claimed in claim carries out imaging, concrete steps are as follows: Step 1. Use the information collection module to collect information, and after preliminary analysis of the collected information, send them to the brain function information processing unit, arterial spin label information processing and collection unit and water molecule dispersion information processing in the information processing module respectively. within the unit; Step 2. Use the brain function information processing unit, arterial spin label information processing and acquisition unit and water molecule dispersion information processing unit in the information processing module to process the collected data respectively, and perform image processing on the processed information data. Reconstruct, and deliver the reconstructed image information to the image display module for display; Step 3, using the image display module to display the image to the inspectors.