CN104206340A - Conveying method of white shrimp fresh water desalination young shrimps - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for transporting fresh water desalinated seedlings of Penaeus vannamei, the steps are as follows: 1. Shrimp seedlings leave the centralized desalination plant and carry out preparatory work before transportation, including: 1. Preparations before releasing seedlings in shrimp ponds; Adaptive water cultivation before seedlings: 3. Preparations before emergence of shrimp seedlings from the centralized desalination plant: 2. During the transportation of shrimp seedlings: put the foam boxes filled with shrimp seedlings into a van and stack them neatly; Shock-absorbing items such as carpets are placed on the bottom deck to prevent the stress response of shrimp seedlings due to sharp bumps; 3. Matters needing attention during the process of shrimp seedlings entering the pond. The method of the invention solves the problems of transporting desalinated shrimp seedlings in inland freshwater areas and improving the survival rate of shrimp seedlings entering shrimp ponds. The method is simple and practical, and avoids repeated investment and losses caused by natural and human factors due to desalinated shrimp seedlings in the pond.

Description

A kind of transportation method of freshwater desalination seedling of Penaeus vannamei

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a method for transporting freshwater desalinated seedlings of Penaeus vannamei.

Background technique

The main method of inland freshwater culture of Penaeus vannamei is to use earthen ponds as shrimp ponds. According to the size of the shrimp ponds and the number of shrimp seedlings required, according to the standard that 10,000 shrimp seedlings need 1 cubic volume desalination tank, color Use strips of cloth, wooden stakes or bamboo stakes, iron wire, etc. to build a desalination box for shrimp fry. Then, according to the salinity provided by the coastal shrimp breeding farm, artificial seawater with the same proportion of salinity is arranged inside the built shrimp desalination box. Inject into the desalination tank, reduce the salinity by 1 to 2 degrees every day, and after 10 to 12 days of desalination, put the shrimp seedlings adapted to the fresh water of the shrimp pond into the shrimp pond, and the desalination is successful.

But above-mentioned desalination method has following 3 aspects unfavorable factors: 1, need a desalination box standard according to a shrimp pond, repeated input is big, waste is serious; The influence of human factors: A. Excessive wind and waves cause the box to collapse; B. Large temperature difference between day and night, as well as cloudy and rainy days, rainstorm factors, trace elements and salinity rise or fall, which may easily cause stress response of shrimp seedlings; C. Power failure Risk, once the power is cut off, the aeration machine will not work, resulting in hypoxia of shrimp, half of the shrimp will die in half an hour, and all the shrimp will die in one hour; D, artificial risk, during the desalination process of shrimp, it needs to be fed 6 times a day Feed, which needs to be fed every 4 hours, plus the staff need to check the equipment and reinforce the desalination box, the labor intensity is high, and it is easy to get tired. A small mistake will cause a big loss; 3. The survival rate of desalination Unable to calculate, after the shrimp seedlings are desalinated in the desalination box, open a gap in the desalination box to allow the shrimp seedlings to freely enter the shrimp pond. However, due to the influence of natural and human factors, it is not known how many shrimp seedlings will eventually adapt to the freshwater environment of shrimp ponds. Insufficient desalination of shrimp seedlings may easily cause misjudgment in the process of shrimp farming, and finally affect economic benefits.

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the need for one desalination tank in one shrimp pond for aquaculture of Penaeus vannamei in inland freshwater areas, the centralized desalination method can completely avoid the above-mentioned natural and man-made risks of desalination of shrimp seedlings in the desalination tank of the shrimp pond, and at the same time avoid Repeated investment, improve economic efficiency. But how to successfully transport the freshwater desalinated shrimp seedlings, after putting them into the shrimp pond, how to ensure that their survival rate is higher than that of the shrimp pond desalinated in this pond. A method to ensure a high survival rate of shrimp seedlings after entering the pond.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the defects of the prior art, avoid the risk of desalinated shrimp seedlings in the pond of Penaeus vannamei in inland freshwater areas, and improve the method for transporting the freshwater desalinated seedlings to survive.

The salinity of fresh water in inland pure fresh water areas is generally ≤0.5‰ or ≤500ppm, which is different from the particularity of fresh water salinity in inland coastal areas of 0.5‰-2‰. In order to ensure the survival rate of shrimp seedlings after entering the pond, the method for transporting freshwater desalinated seedlings of Penaeus vannamei is characterized in that the steps are as follows:

1. Shrimp fry leave the centralized desalination plant and prepare for transportation, including:

, Preparation of shrimp ponds before seedlings: finishing shrimp ponds, drying ponds, pond irrigation, installing aerators, pool water disinfection;

, Adaptive water cultivation of shrimp ponds before releasing seedlings:

A. After the pond water is disinfected, use EM bacteria or fertilizer-based bacillus to cultivate water, and adapt to cultivate diatoms and green algae water. After the shrimp seedlings enter the pond, there will be enough natural basic bait to eat;

B. 2 days before the shrimp seedlings enter the pond, put KCL: 8-10 kg, KBr: 0.5-1.5 kg, H ₃ BO ₃ : 3-8 kg, CaCl ₂ : 5 according to the requirement of 1 meter depth per mu of shrimp pond -15 kg, MgSO ₄ : 50-90 kg, NaCl: 100-300 kg, run the aerator 24 hours a day, so that the chemical elements put in the pond are evenly distributed, reducing the stress response of shrimp seedlings after entering the pond , improve the survival rate of shrimp seedlings in shrimp ponds;

, Preparations before emergence of shrimp seedlings from the centralized desalination plant:

A. 48 hours in advance, take 10-30 catties of adapted shrimp pond water to the centralized desalination plant for seedling testing. If the shrimp seedlings do not die within 24 hours, the shrimp seedlings can be transported immediately; if there is death within 24 hours If the phenomenon occurs, adjust the formula of each chemical element in the shrimp pond according to the salinity, and then test the seedlings again until no one of the desalinated seedlings dies, and the shrimp seedlings can be transported immediately;

B. After the seedlings are successfully tested, the shrimp seedlings in the centralized desalination plant are stopped for 24 hours, and the seedlings are transported on an empty stomach to reduce the stress response;

C. Put the required amount of shrimp fry from the centralized desalination tank into the preparation bucket, and use the original pond water from the shrimp fry desalination pond transported this time for the water in the preparation bucket, and control the water temperature in the preparation bucket at 18-30°C about;

D, adopt foam box to pack shrimp seedlings, foam box adopts length, width each 50 centimetres, height 40 centimeters, thick 4 centimeters foam box; Pave and put into the first double-layer oxygen bag earlier in the foam box, then in the first layer Put a second double-layer oxygen bag inside the Shuangcheng oxygen bag; first put 15-20 catties of water without shrimp seedlings in the preparation bucket into the second double-layer oxygen bag, and then put the shrimp seedlings to be transported into the second double-layer oxygen bag. Put it into the second double-layer oxygen bag, and it must be filled with oxygen when sealing, so that the oxygen bag is in a bulging state, then seal the second and first double-layer oxygen bag, and finally seal the foam box with tape;

E. According to the distance and time of transportation, if the transportation time is 12-15 hours, 10,000 seedlings will be placed in a foam box; if the transportation time is 5-12 hours, 15,000 seedlings will be placed in a foam box; the transportation time 25,000 seedlings in one foam box for 2-5 hours; 30,000-40,000 seedlings for one foam box if the transportation time is 1-2 hours; Hang an ice bag after the double-layer oxygen bag is sealed to ensure the temperature stability inside the foam box;

2. During the transportation of shrimp seedlings: put the foam box filled with shrimp seedlings into the van and stack them neatly; place carpets and other shock-absorbing items on the bottom deck of the van truck to prevent the shrimp seedlings from being stressed due to sharp bumps reaction;

3. During the process of shrimp fry entering the pond:

, In the seedling area of the shrimp pond, sprinkle vitamin C and quick supplement 100 anti-stress drugs in an appropriate amount 2 hours in advance;

1. Unseal the foam box for transporting shrimp seedlings, open the first oxygen bag, and then put the second oxygen bag containing shrimp seedlings into the seedling area of the shrimp pond without opening it, and wait for half an hour at the same temperature Finally, open the oxygen bag, and slowly add pond water into the bag until it overflows, allowing the shrimp seedlings to gradually enter the shrimp pond water freely; at the same time, attention should be paid to:

A. The time for shrimp seedlings to enter the pond is arranged around 10 am or in the evening on sunny days. It is not suitable to release seedlings at noon on rainy days and scorching sun;

B. Each shrimp pond should be full of shrimp seedlings at one time to avoid inconsistency in size and affect production efficiency;

C. Shrimp seedlings should be placed in the upwind place to avoid wind and waves from washing the shrimp seedlings to the side of the shrimp pond and affecting the survival rate.

The method of the invention solves the problems of transporting desalinated shrimp seedlings in inland freshwater areas and improving the survival rate of shrimp seedlings entering shrimp ponds. The method is simple and practical, and it solves the loss caused by repeated input and natural and human factors caused by the desalination of shrimp seedlings in the pond for shrimp farmers in inland freshwater areas, and it is a large-scale promotion of vannamei culture in inland freshwater areas. , Improving the survival rate of shrimp seedlings provides a good way.

Detailed ways

In conjunction with specific examples, the present invention is described: the following is an example of the applicant's transportation of freshwater desalinated seedlings of Penaeus vannamei within the scope of Hunan Province in 2014.

A farmer in Dao County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province has a shrimp pond with an area of 3 mu. He purchased 150,000 desalinated shrimp ponds from Lixian County, Changde City, Hunan Province where the applicant is located. The distance between the two places is 700 kilometers. . It includes the following steps:

1. The preparation work of a farmer in Dao County, Yongzhou City before releasing seedlings in shrimp ponds: tidying up shrimp ponds, drying ponds, pond irrigation, installing aerators, and disinfecting pond water;

2. Adaptive cultivation of shrimp ponds before seedlings: A. After disinfection of the pool water, use EM bacteria or fertilizing bacillus to cultivate diatoms and green algae water adaptively. After the shrimps enter the pond, There is enough natural basic bait to eat; B. 2 days before the shrimp seedlings enter the pond, put KCL: 8-10 kg, KBr: 0.5-1.5 kg, H ₃ BO ₃ : 3-8 jin, CaCl ₂ : 5-15 jin, MgSO ₄ : 50-90 jin, NaCl: 100-300 jin, start the aerator 24 hours a day, so that the chemical elements put in are evenly distributed in the whole pool, Reduce the stress response of shrimp seedlings after entering the pond, and improve the survival rate of shrimp seedlings in the shrimp pond.

3. Preparations before emergence of shrimp seedlings from the centralized desalination plant: A. 48 hours in advance, take 10-30 catties of adapted shrimp pond water from Yongzhou Dao County to Changde Li County Centralized Desalination Plant to test seedlings for 24 hours , As a result, none of the shrimp seedlings died. B. After the seedling test is successful, the centralized desalination plant will stop feeding the seedlings for 24 hours. C. Put the required 150,000 shrimp seedlings from the centralized desalination pond into the preparation bucket, use the original pond water from the desalination pond for the shrimp seedlings transported this time, and control the water temperature in the preparation barrel at 18-30°C ℃ or so. D, adopt foam box to pack shrimp seedling, and foam box adopts length, width each 50 centimetres, height 40 centimeters, the foam box of thick 4 centimeters. Put the first double-layer oxygen bag in the foam box first, and then place the second double-layer oxygen bag inside the first layer of Shuangcheng oxygen bag. Put 15-20 jin of water that does not contain shrimp seedlings in the preparation bucket into the second double-layer oxygen bag, and put the shrimp seedlings to be transported into the second double-layer oxygen bag. The bag is in a bulging state, then seal the second and first double-layer oxygen bags, and finally seal the foam box with adhesive tape. E. The distance between Yongzhou Dao County and Changde Li County is 700 kilometers, only a small part of the road has high speed, and the transportation time is about 12 hours. One foam box contains 10,000 seedlings, and one is hung after the second double-layer oxygen bag is sealed. Ice packs to ensure a stable temperature inside the foam box.

4. During the transportation of shrimp seedlings: put 15 boxes of foam boxes filled with shrimp seedlings neatly into the car and start transportation.

5. During the process of shrimp seedlings entering the pond: 1. Sprinkle vitamin C and quick supplement 100 anti-stress drugs in the seedling area of the shrimp pond 2 hours in advance; 2. Unseal 15 foam boxes for transporting shrimp seedlings, Open the first oxygen bag, and then put the second oxygen bag containing shrimp seedlings into the shrimp pond area without opening it. After half an hour at the same temperature, the oxygen bag is opened, and the pond water is slowly added into the bag. Until it overflows outwards, the shrimp seedlings are allowed to freely enter the shrimp pond water gradually. The survival rate of the shrimp seedlings is more than 95%, and the seedlings are released successfully.

Claims (1)

1. a transportation resources for Penaeus Vannmei fresh water desalination seedling, is characterized in that, step is as follows:

One, shrimp seedling leaves concentrated desalination plant, and the preparation before transporting, comprising:

, the shrimp pool is in the preparation of putting before seedling: arrange the shrimp pool, shine the pool, aerator, pond water sterilization are poured water, filled in pond;

, the shrimp pool is putting adaptability before seedling training water:

After A, pool water within sterilization, training water is used the bacillus of EM bacterium or rich water, and adaptive cultivation diatom, green alga water, enter behind the pool until shrimp seedling, has enough natural foundation bait edible;

B, enter pond first 2 days at shrimp seedling, throw in KCL:8-10 jin, KBr:0.5-1.5 jin, H according to the requirement of 1 meter of every mu of shrimp pool depth of water ₃bO ₃: 3-8 jin, CaCl ₂: 5-15 jin, MgSO ₄: 50-90 jin, NaCl:100-300 jin, whole day is started aerator in 24 hours, and the full pond of chemical element that it is thrown in is uniformly distributed, and reduces shrimp seedling and enters the stress reaction behind the pool, improves the survival rate of shrimp seedling in the shrimp pool;

, shrimp seedling is from concentrating the preparation of desalination plant emerging:

A, 48 hours in advance, by pond, the adaptive shrimp pool water 10-30 jin preparing, take to and concentrate desalination plant's examination seedling, if shrimp seedling is not dead in 24 hours, can transport shrimp seedling at once; If there are the phenomena of mortality to occur in 24 hours, again try seedling after adjusting the each chemical element formula in the shrimp pool according to salinity, until none death of desalination seedling examination seedling can be transported shrimp seedling at once;

After B, the success of examination seedling, concentrate desalination plant's shrimp seedling to stop expecting 24 hours, allow shrimp seedling transport on an empty stomach, reduce stress reaction;

C, by the shrimp seedling of requirement from concentrate desalination pond put into prepare bucket, prepare bucket in water transport the Yuan Chishui in Desalination pond with this, simultaneously by preparation barrel in water temperature be controlled at 18-30 DEG C of left and right;

D, employing bubble chamber dress shrimp seedling, bubble chamber adopts each 50 centimetres of length and width, high 40 centimetres, the bubble chamber of thick 4 centimetres; In bubble chamber, first lay enters first Double-layer oxygen bag, then places second Double-layer oxygen bag in ground floor Shuangcheng oxygen bag the inside again; First the water 15-20 jin of shrimp seedling will be prepared not contain in bucket, put into second Double-layer oxygen bag, again as ready shrimp seedling is also put into second Double-layer oxygen bag, necessary oxygenation when sealing, make oxygen bag be the state of heaving, then by second, first Double-layer oxygen bag sealing, finally with adhesive tape, bubble chamber is sealed;

E, according to the distance of transportation range, time, haulage time was at 12-15 hours, a bubble chamber puts seedling 10,000 tails; Haulage time was at 5-12 hours, and a bubble chamber puts seedling 1.5 ten thousand tails; Haulage time was at 2-5 hours, and a bubble chamber puts seedling 2.5 ten thousand tails; Haulage time was at 1-2 hours, and a bubble chamber puts seedling 3-4 ten thousand tails; Meanwhile, haulage time, more than 6 hours, is hung ice bag after second Double-layer oxygen bag sealing, guarantees temperature stabilization in foam casing;

Two, in shrimp seedling transportation: the bubble chamber that installs shrimp seedling is put into van, block pattern row pattern; The damping article of carpet and so on are placed on deck, van bottom, prevent because sharply jolting, and cause shrimp seedling stress reaction;

Three, shrimp seedling enters in the process of pond:

, in Fang Miao region, the shrimp pool, 2 hours in advance, splash in right amount vitamin C and speed were mended 100 anti-stress medicines;

, will transport bubble chamber Kaifeng of shrimp seedling, first oxygen bag is opened, then second oxygen bag that shrimp seedling is housed in the situation that not opening, put into Fang Miao region, the shrimp pool, through after equality of temperature half an hour, oxygen bag is opened, and in bag, slowly adds Chi Shui, until outwards overflow, allow shrimp seedling freely enter gradually in the water of the shrimp pool; Should note simultaneously:

A, shrimp seedling pit entry time are arranged in 10 front and back or time-division at dusk in the morning of fine day, and should not put seedling the noon of rainy day and burning sun;

Single step of releasing foot shrimp seedling is answered on B, each shrimp pool, to avoid occurring not of uniform size causing, affects productivity effect;

C, shrimp seedling should be in the wind and be located to throw in, and to avoid stormy waves that shrimp seedling is flushed to the shrimp side of a pond, affect survival rate.