CN104201744A - Equalizing charge circuit and battery pack - Google Patents
Equalizing charge circuit and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN104201744A CN104201744A CN201410459391.3A CN201410459391A CN104201744A CN 104201744 A CN104201744 A CN 104201744A CN 201410459391 A CN201410459391 A CN 201410459391A CN 104201744 A CN104201744 A CN 104201744A
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
An equalizing charge circuit comprises a first input end, a second input end, a third input end, an output plus end, an output minus end, a detection circuit U1 and a flyback DC-DC converter 10. The junction of a drain of an N-MOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) transistor Q and a primary winding NP of a transformer B is further connected with an anode of a diode D1, a cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the third input end, and a capacitor C is parallelly connected between the second input end and the third input end. The output plus end is connected on the anode of the batter pack, and the output minus end is connected on the cathode of the battery pack. When the detection circuit detects that voltage of a battery cell is larger than a set value, the converter 10 starts working, charge current to the battery cell is extracted and returned to charge the chatter pack, energy generated by leakage inductance of the flyback converter can be used for charging a previous battery cell, and accordingly equalizing charge of the battery pack is realized; when the detection circuit U1 composed of a single chip microcomputer is utilized, an infrared receiving head is added to synchronously adjust a set value, and equalizing discharge can be realized. The flyback circuit is high in reliability, simple in composition, low in cost, high in efficiency and easy to maintain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the charging device of battery pack or super capacitor group, particularly the equalization charging circuit of each monomer in battery pack or super capacitor group.
Background technology
At present, in the system by storage battery as energy-storage units, cell Capacity Ratio is lower, can not meet the requirement of hicap, therefore cell series connection need to be formed to battery pack, parallel connection can increase capacity, but its terminal voltage is still very low, still be considered " monomer " battery, directly use in this case, due to switching device, the loss of diode drop seems considerable, in high power applications, still need cell series connection to form battery pack, as shown in Figure 1, to improve supply power voltage and memory capacity, for example, at electric automobile, micro-electrical network, in the fields such as large-scale energy-storage system, the battery pack that mostly needs cell to be in series, Fig. 1 is in series by cell B1 to Bn, the battery pack obtaining has two total terminal U+ and U-, U+ is called the positive pole of battery pack, U-is called the negative pole of battery pack, both can externally discharge, again can external power supply to batteries charging, for convenient, in this application, from the nearest cell of battery anode U+, be called the first cell, in figure, with B1, represent, all the other the like, from the nearest cell of battery pack negative pole, it numbers maximum, for most end cell, in Fig. 1, with Bn, represents.The life-span of later battery pack is well below the life-span of cell in groups, mainly that difference due to cell manufacture craft causes the differences such as capacity, self-discharge rate, in these small difference uses afterwards, can make the capacity of each cell produce larger difference, and then affect the work of whole battery pack.
When the cell consistency of series battery changes, while using constant-current source to series battery charge, take lithium battery as example, must there is cell because of its capacity loss, its terminal voltage first arrives end of charge voltage 4.2V, and at this moment, the terminal voltage of some cells is 3.8V.As to the battery pack of 10 strings constant current charge in advance, adopt latter stage 42V constant voltage charge with restriction charging current, will there is the charging voltage of cell higher than 4.2V, this monomer is in overcharging state; And wherein its terminal voltage of battery capacious lower than 4.2V, in charge less state.If effectively do not limit in the potential battery that overcharges state, damage most probably even catching fire, blast; Therefore to the equalizing charge of various battery pack, be very important, especially, in the occasion of a large amount of cell series connection, super capacitor series connection equally also exists similar problem, the battery pack in the application also to comprise the capacitance group that super capacitor forms.
For above-mentioned imbalance problem, there is multiple equalizing charge technology, original scheme is: resistance consumption equalization, as shown in Figure 2, after resistance R 1 and K switch 1 series connection, be connected in parallel on cell B1, other battery is identical, when the terminal voltage that battery B1 detected when the voltage detecting circuit in parallel with battery B1 reaches end of charge voltage 4.2V, K switch 1 closure, resistance R 1 shunting charging current, in order to guarantee not having electric current to flow through in battery B1, or battery B1 discharging current, or exist trickle to charge to battery B1.For balancing battery or battery pack self discharge, make storage battery remain on the continuous low current charge of approximate complete charged state, claim again to safeguard charging (floating charge).The batteries such as storage battery of the DC power system of telecommunication installation, signal system etc., after charging completely, many places, in trickle charge state, are used during in order to electric discharge.
This mode is used very inconvenient, if changed the charging current to battery pack, so, correspondingly, the resistance of all resistance all will be changed, in order to avoid battery occurs overcharging or charge less.Certainly, take battery B1 as example, can the resistance of resistance R 1 be got little, when K switch 1 is closed, battery B1 also will, to resistance R 1 discharging current, then make K switch 1 be operated under on off state, realize within a certain period of time, the charging current of battery B1 is zero or is specified little electric current trickle.
Because resistance exists heating, as the electric current of 3A, while being charged to 4.2V, resistance will absorb 3A electric current, and its caloric value is 12.6W, and the efficiency of this equalization charging circuit is low, power consumption is large, does not conform to current energy-saving and emission-reduction development trend.Below enumerate representative domestic technique scheme:
1, Chinese application number is 200510038762.1 the mandate invention battery balanced method of < < and battery equalizing circuit > > show: adopt operational amplifier to detect the voltage of two adjacent groups battery, with the output of operational amplifier, bring in and realize equilibrium again, its shortcoming efficiency is low, power consumption is large, and low-voltage, high-current amplifier cost is not low.
2, the mandate of the Chinese application number 200810063915.1 of Harbin Institute of Technology invention < < three-monomer direct equalizer of series connection accumulation power supply > > shows: the equalizer of three cell Yi Ge working groups, and can for charging and discharging.Its shortcoming is: control complicatedly, if want the series connection joint number of Iterim Change battery pack, must take three monomers as one group, if there is the situation of non-3 multiples, this circuit is also helpless, and this circuit only relates to basic topology, and the degaussing of its Switching Power Supply is not mentioned.
The Chinese application number 201010034137.0 of CAS Electrical Engineering Research Institute authorizes invention < < series battery equalizing equipment > > to show: be 200810063915.1 modified model, also be three cell Yi Ge working groups, in charge or discharge, the energy having more is discharged into this working group, its shortcoming is: control complicated, if want the series connection joint number of Iterim Change battery pack, must take three monomers as one group, if there is the situation of non-3 multiples, this circuit is also helpless, and this circuit only relates to basic topology, the degaussing of its Switching Power Supply is not mentioned.
3,201110043546.1 of China Aviation Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. application < < monomer series-connected dynamic lithium battery group discharging equalizing circuit > > more than a kind show: this grade of cell voltage is high, be transferred to step by step another battery, progression is many, and energy loss is large.The efficiency of switch efficiency accomplishes 90% at present, has been just higher, and through 6 grades of transmission, efficiency is only 53%, and its shortcoming is: when progression is many, energy loss is large; Wherein arbitrary grade of converter goes wrong, and the impact overall situation is higher to system requirements.
4, the application number of Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University is 201110167491.5 mandate invention < < automatic battery capacity equalization circuit and its implementation > > show: battery components, be two large groups, with inverse-excitation type bidirectional DC-DC converter, connect respectively two groups, whose voltage is high, just electric energy is converted to another low group of voltage by converter, used MCU microprocessor.Its shortcoming is: reversible transducer is a kind of topology existing for a long time, and in fact application success is also few, control complexity, and the cell in each group does not obtain good equilibrium.
To sum up, the deficiency of the equalization charging circuit of existing battery is summarized as follows, for convenient, and corresponding sequence number above:
(1) power consumption of resistance-type bypass circuit is large, hear rate is large, operational amplifier formula also have that efficiency is low, power consumption is large, low-voltage, high-current amplifier cost is not low;
(2) control complexity, must take three monomers as one group, non-3 multiples series connection difficulties;
(3) when progression is many, battery is connected when many, and energy loss is large; Wherein arbitrary grade of converter goes wrong, and the impact overall situation is higher to system requirements; While again connecting, can not freely connect, reset the program of MCU microprocessor;
(4) control of reversible transducer is complicated, and the cell in each group does not obtain good equilibrium.
All things considered, is exactly that efficiency is low, or controls complicated; During series connection, can not freely connect.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention will solve the existing deficiency of equalization charging circuit of existing battery, the equalization charging circuit that a kind of circuit that adopts inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter to form is simple, efficiency is high, control is simple, can freely connect is provided, and the battery pack that comprises this equalization charging circuit.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of equalization charging circuit, comprise first input end, the second input, the 3rd input, output plus terminal, output negative terminal, testing circuit and the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter of being controlled by testing circuit, inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter comprises N-MOS pipe (abbreviation of N NMOS N-channel MOS N field effect transistor), transformer, the first diode, the second diode, electric capacity, described testing circuit is parallel between first input end and the second input, the output of testing circuit is connected with the grid of N-MOS pipe, the source electrode of N-MOS pipe connects first input end, the drain electrode of N-MOS pipe is connected with the different name end of transformer primary side winding, the Same Name of Ends of transformer primary side winding is connected with the second input, the different name end of transformer secondary winding and the anodic bonding of the second diode, the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with output plus terminal, the Same Name of Ends of transformer secondary winding is connected with output negative terminal, it is characterized in that: the drain electrode of N-MOS pipe and the different name end tie point of transformer primary side winding are also connected the anode of the first diode, the negative electrode of the first diode connects the 3rd input, between the second input and the 3rd input, be also parallel with electric capacity, output plus terminal is connected on the positive pole of battery pack, and output negative terminal is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, when testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input and is greater than set point, the output output duty cycle signal of testing circuit, controls N-MOS pipe and is operated on off state, testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input when set point is following, and the output output low level of testing circuit allows the cut-off of N-MOS pipe.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery pack that comprises described equalization charging circuit, in battery pack, each cell is used an equalization charging circuit accordingly, the output plus terminal of all equalization charging circuits links together, be connected on the positive pole of battery pack, output negative terminal links together, and is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, wherein, from the nearest cell of battery anode, be called the first cell, the sequence number of all the other cells the like, it is characterized in that:
Be applied to first equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as the first circuit) at the first cell two ends in battery pack, the first input end of the first circuit connects the negative pole of described the first cell, the second input of the first circuit connects the positive pole of described the first cell, a resistance also in parallel or a voltage stabilizing didoe between the second input of the 3rd input to the first circuit of the first circuit, the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe connects the 3rd input of the first circuit, the second input of anodic bonding first circuit of voltage stabilizing didoe;
Be applied to the M equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as M circuit) at M cell two ends in battery pack, M is more than 2 integer, the first input end of M circuit connects the negative pole of described M cell, the second input of M circuit connects the positive pole of described M cell, and the 3rd input of M circuit is connected to the positive pole of M-1 cell.
The present invention also provides the equalization charging circuit that uses P-MOS pipe, a kind of equalization charging circuit that uses P-MOS pipe, comprise first input end, the second input, the 3rd input, output plus terminal, output negative terminal, testing circuit and the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter of being controlled by testing circuit, output plus terminal is connected on the positive pole of battery pack, and output negative terminal is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, described inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter comprises P-MOS pipe, transformer, the first diode, the second diode, electric capacity, described testing circuit is parallel between first input end and the second input, the output of testing circuit is connected with the grid of P-MOS pipe, the source electrode of P-MOS pipe connects first input end, the drain electrode of P-MOS pipe is connected with the different name end of transformer primary side winding, the Same Name of Ends of transformer primary side winding is connected with the second input, the different name end of transformer secondary winding is connected with the second diode cathode, the anode of the second diode is connected with output negative terminal, the Same Name of Ends of transformer secondary winding is connected with output plus terminal, it is characterized in that: the drain electrode of P-MOS pipe and the different name end tie point of transformer primary side winding are also connected the negative electrode of the first diode, the anodic bonding of the first diode the 3rd input, between the second input and the 3rd input, be also parallel with electric capacity, when testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input and is greater than set point, the output output duty cycle signal controlling P-MOS pipe of testing circuit, P-MOS pipe is on off state, testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input when set point is following, and the output output low level of testing circuit allows the cut-off of P-MOS pipe.
The present invention also provides the battery pack of another kind of equalization charging circuit, in battery pack, each cell is used an equalization charging circuit accordingly, the output plus terminal of all equalization charging circuits links together, be connected on the positive pole of battery pack, output negative terminal links together, and is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, wherein, from the nearest cell of battery anode, be called the first cell, the sequence number of all the other cells the like, it is characterized in that:
Be applied to first equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as the first circuit) at the two ends of the first cell in battery pack for using the equalization charging circuit of P-MOS pipe, the first input end of the first circuit connects the positive pole of described the first cell, the second input of the first circuit connects the negative pole of described the first cell, and the 3rd input of the first circuit is connected to the negative pole of the second cell;
Be applied to the M equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as M circuit) at the two ends of M cell in battery pack for using the equalization charging circuit of N-MOS pipe, M is more than 2 integer, the first input end of M circuit connects the negative pole of described M cell, the second input of M circuit connects the positive pole of described M cell, and the 3rd input of M circuit is connected to the positive pole of M-1 cell.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery pack that makes described equalization charging circuit can realize balance charge/discharge: on the basis of two above-mentioned battery pack, on the testing circuit U1 to UN of each equalization charging circuit, all set up an infrared receiving terminal, testing circuit U1 to UN adopts single-chip microcomputer to form; Comprise a total voltage observation circuit, the total voltage of monitoring battery pack, according to the decline of total voltage, the transmitting of the infrared transmitting device of total voltage observation circuit is the binary digital signal of agreement in advance; Infrared receiving terminal is received identical signal, the single-chip microcomputer in U1 to UN synchronously, turn down described set point, the amount of downward is identical; According to the fall of total voltage, there is accordingly the described set point of many groups.
Detailed operation of the present invention is former to be comprehended in an embodiment and describes in detail in conjunction with application, and equalization charging circuit of the present invention for the beneficial effect of battery pack is:
(1) charging reaches after deboost, and this circuit working, has taken charging current away, and boosts to batteries charging, and this circuit adopts inverse-excitation type switch power-supply, and efficiency can reach more than 87%, and oneself power consumption is little, hear rate is little;
(2) controlling simple, each cell can an equalization charging circuit in parallel, and application is simple;
(3) each cell can an equalization charging circuit in parallel, does not have cascade, and energy loss is little; Wherein any one equalization charging circuit goes wrong, little to global impact, lower to system requirements; When cell is connected again, can freely connect, need not reset the program of MCU microprocessor;
(4) monotonic transformation, controls simply, can utilize centralized control, allows battery pack when electric discharge, also realize balanced discharge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of existing battery pack;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams that existing strip resistance consumes the battery pack of equalization charging circuit;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of equalization charging circuit of the battery of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of equalization charging circuit of the battery of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 understands principle for convenience, and the identical schematic diagram of Fig. 4 annexation.
Embodiment
The first embodiment
Refer to Fig. 3, for a kind of equalization charging circuit, with certain cell use in parallel in series battery, comprise first input end VI1, the second input VI2, the 3rd input VI3, output plus terminal Vo+, output negative terminal Vo-, testing circuit U1 and the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 of being controlled by testing circuit U1, inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 comprises N-MOS pipe Q (N-MOS is the abbreviation of N NMOS N-channel MOS N field effect transistor), transformer B, the first diode D1, the second diode D2, capacitor C; Testing circuit U1 is parallel between first input end VI1 and the second input VI2, and the output of testing circuit is connected with the grid of N-MOS pipe Q, and the source electrode of N-MOS pipe Q connects first input end VI1, the N-MOS pipe drain electrode of Q and the former limit winding N of transformer B
pdifferent name end connect, the former limit winding N of transformer B in figure
pin there is no that end of stain be different name end, the former limit of transformer B winding N
psame Name of Ends be connected with the second input VI2, the former limit winding N of transformer B in figure
pin to have that end of stain be Same Name of Ends; Transformer B secondary winding N
sdifferent name end and the anodic bonding of the second diode D2, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected with output plus terminal Vo+, transformer secondary winding N
ssame Name of Ends be connected with output negative terminal Vo-; Drain electrode and the former limit of the transformer B winding N of N-MOS pipe Q
pdifferent name end tie point also connect the anode of the first diode D1, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 connects the 3rd input VI3, between the second input VI2 and the 3rd input VI3, is also parallel with capacitor C; Output plus terminal Vo+ is connected on the positive pole of battery pack, and as U+ in Fig. 1, output negative terminal Vo-is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, as U-in Fig. 1; When testing circuit U1 detects voltage between first input end VI1 and the second input VI2 and is greater than set point, the output output duty cycle signal of testing circuit U1, controls N-MOS pipe Q and is operated on off state; Testing circuit U1 detects voltage between first input end VI1 and the second input VI2 when set point is following, and the output output low level of testing circuit U1 allows N-MOS pipe Q cut-off.
Set point is generally got the charging deboost of the cell in battery pack, and as lithium battery is often designated as 4.20V ± 0.05V, set point is taken as 4.15V to 4.25V and is all fine so, generally for safety, can get lower, as 4.20V; Although the operating voltage of testing circuit U1 only has 4.20V, because the N-MOS pipe of current operating on low voltage is comparatively common, as the N-MOS pipe of withstand voltage 30V, its cut-in voltage V
gScan accomplish 2.1V, as the N-MOS pipe of AO4476 model, cut-in voltage V
gSthe metal-oxide-semiconductor that is low to moderate 1V is now common.
Testing circuit U1 is greater than after charging deboost at input voltage (cell terminal voltage), the high open-loop gain that testing circuit U1 is set well, when cell terminal voltage reaches 4.20V, testing circuit U1 exports minimum duty cycle, be that inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 is operated in little current status, the electric current of taking away from cell is minimum;
When if the open-loop gain of testing circuit U1 is set to infinity, so, when cell terminal voltage is slightly larger than 4.20V, testing circuit U1 exports maximum duty cycle, inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 is operated in the maximum current state that maximum duty cycle is corresponding, the want >=total charging current of battery pack of described maximum current;
Obviously, this mode, testing circuit U1 and inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 are easily operated under oscillation mode, so, the open-loop gain of testing circuit U1 will arrange to such an extent that stop before going too far, and as when cell terminal voltage reaches 4.20V+0.05V, testing circuit U1 exports maximum duty cycle, inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 is operated in the maximum current state that maximum duty cycle is corresponding, and testing circuit U1 and inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 could steady operations like this.
Once due to equalization charging circuit of the present invention work, the increase that fails to be convened for lack of a quorum of the total charged electrical of battery pack, here, need to detect the total charging current of battery pack, allow outside charging device automatically reduce charging current, to realize total charging current, do not increase, or decline to some extent.
Emphasis is said in the operation principle of equalization charging circuit of the present invention point unlike the prior art below:
The operation principle of the voltage of transformation of inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 is known technologies, repeats no more here.Referring to Fig. 3, diode D1 and capacitor C are degausser, and a lot of documents, also referred to as negative peak absorbing circuit, absorb the energy that leakage inductance produces specially, in the present invention, the energy consumption resistor that absorbs use are not set, and see following:
When N-MOS pipe Q receives the cut-off signals of testing circuit U1 output, N-MOS pipe Q cut-off, the former limit winding N of transformer B
pin excitatory electric current, most through secondary winding N
swith diode D2 to batteries charging, because transformer all exists leakage inductance, the former limit winding N of transformer B
pmiddle exciting curent also has part to charge to capacitor C through diode D1.
If the equalization charging circuit of Fig. 3 is applied to the two ends of M cell in battery pack, M is more than 2 integer, the first input end of M circuit connects the negative pole of described M cell, the second input of M circuit connects the positive pole of described M cell, the 3rd input of M circuit is connected to the positive pole of M-1 cell, so, the energy that leakage inductance produces is given the charging of M-1 cell after capacitor C filtering.
Be that method of the present invention has realized the energy that leakage inductance in M circuit is produced, reclaim and M-1 cell is charged, it is to bring in realization by the 3rd input of M circuit that this energy reclaims.
Think to realize well this function, obviously, note the turn ratio of transformer B, guarantee when diode D2 conducting, the total voltage of battery pack is by secondary winding N
sto former limit winding N
pthe reflected voltage producing will, lower than terminal voltage and the diode D1 sum of cell, be guaranteed the normal work of whole system like this.
If M-1 cell is charged, when its terminal voltage is greater than set point, so, the M-1 circuit in parallel with M-1 cell also can be worked, size reasonable by terminal voltage is taken charging current away, when terminal voltage is enough, even comprise the very little charging current that M circuit degausser produces.
Just because of this, when the equalization charging circuit of Fig. 3 is applied to the two ends of the first cell in battery pack, no longer include the energy that cell absorbs capacitor C two ends in degausser above, at this moment need to be between the second input of the 3rd input to the first circuit of the first circuit a resistance in parallel or a voltage stabilizing didoe, the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe connects the 3rd input of the first circuit, the second input of anodic bonding first circuit of voltage stabilizing didoe; To prevent that the terminal voltage at capacitor C two ends is too high, damage N-MOS pipe Q.The battery pack of these a plurality of a kind of equalization charging circuits of use that the second embodiment provides just.
The second embodiment
Therefore, the present invention also provides the battery pack of using a plurality of equalization charging circuits, in battery pack, each cell is used an equalization charging circuit accordingly, and the output plus terminal of all equalization charging circuits links together, and is connected on the positive pole of battery pack, output negative terminal links together, and be connected on the negative pole of battery pack, wherein, from the nearest cell of battery anode, be called the first cell, the sequence number of all the other cells the like, it is characterized in that:
Be applied to first equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as the first circuit) at the first cell two ends in battery pack, the first input end of the first circuit connects the negative pole of described the first cell, the second input of the first circuit connects the positive pole of described the first cell, a resistance also in parallel or a voltage stabilizing didoe between the second input of the 3rd input to the first circuit of the first circuit, the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe connects the 3rd input of the first circuit, the second input of anodic bonding first circuit of voltage stabilizing didoe;
Be applied to the M equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as M circuit) at M cell two ends in battery pack, M is more than 2 integer, the first input end of M circuit connects the negative pole of described M cell, the second input of M circuit connects the positive pole of described M cell, and the 3rd input of M circuit is connected to the positive pole of M-1 cell.
Be that method of the present invention has realized the energy that leakage inductance in M circuit is produced, reclaim and M-1 cell is charged, it is to bring in realization by the 3rd input of M circuit that this energy reclaims.
Think to realize well this function, obviously, note the turn ratio of transformer B, guarantee when diode D2 conducting, the total voltage of battery pack is by secondary winding N
sto former limit winding N
pthe reflected voltage producing will, lower than terminal voltage and the diode D1 forward voltage drop sum of cell, be guaranteed the normal work of whole system like this.
If feel a resistance or a voltage stabilizing didoe in parallel between second input of the 3rd input to the first circuit of the first circuit, produced energy consumption, can also, with the equalization charging circuit of the following the 3rd use P-MOS pipe of implementing, carry out the further lifting of implementation efficiency.
The 3rd embodiment
The equalization charging circuit that uses P-MOS pipe, referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5 shows and the identical schematic diagram of Fig. 4 annexation, in order conveniently the equalization charging circuit of use P-MOS pipe to be applied to the understanding of the first cell.
Its annexation is, a kind of equalization charging circuit that uses P-MOS pipe, comprise first input end VI1, the second input VI2, the 3rd input VI3, output plus terminal Vo+, output negative terminal Vo-, testing circuit U1 and the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 of being controlled by testing circuit U1, output plus terminal Vo+ is connected on the positive pole of battery pack, and output negative terminal Vo-is connected on the negative pole of battery pack; Described inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter 10 comprises P-MOS pipe Q, transformer B, the first diode D1, the second diode D2, capacitor C; Described testing circuit U1 is parallel between first input end VI1 and the second input VI2, and the output of testing circuit U1 is connected with the grid of P-MOS pipe, and the source electrode of P-MOS pipe meets first input end VI1, the drain electrode of P-MOS pipe and the former limit of transformer B winding N
pdifferent name end connect, the former limit of transformer B winding N
psame Name of Ends be connected with the second input VI2, transformer B secondary winding N
sdifferent name end be connected with the second diode D2 negative electrode, the anode of the second diode D2 with output negative terminal be connected, transformer B secondary winding N
ssame Name of Ends be connected with output plus terminal Vo+, it is characterized in that: the drain electrode of P-MOS pipe Q and the different name end tie point of transformer primary side winding are also connected the negative electrode of the first diode D1, the anodic bonding of the first diode D1 the 3rd input VI3, is also parallel with capacitor C between the second input VI2 and the 3rd input VI3; When testing circuit U1 detects voltage between first input end VI1 and the second input VI2 and is greater than set point, the output output duty cycle signal controlling P-MOS pipe of testing circuit U1, P-MOS pipe is on off state; Testing circuit detects voltage between first input end VI1 and the second input VI2 when set point is following, and the output output low level of testing circuit U1 allows the cut-off of P-MOS pipe.
N-MOS pipe in the equalization charging circuit of use N-MOS pipe is changed to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of P raceway groove, corresponding diode polarity conversely, conversely, this is habitual practice to the polarity of power supply and output, and its operation principle still, with the first embodiment, repeats no more here.
Use and in the 3rd embodiment, use the equalization charging circuit of P-MOS pipe to substitute the first circuit in the second embodiment, just obtain the technical scheme that efficiency is higher, this application just shown in the 4th embodiment.
The 4th embodiment
It is the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter of switching tube that the first circuit changes P-MOS into effective, the first diode all will be connected conversely with the second diode so, equally, battery also will be anti-polarity once, output also will be anti-polarity once, this is habitual practice, so, a resistance or a voltage stabilizing didoe of the power consumption in the second above-mentioned embodiment in the first circuit no longer exist, can come, to the first equalization charging circuit degaussing of using P-MOS pipe, to absorb specially the energy that in the first circuit, leakage inductance produces with the second cell.Specific implementation method is as follows:
The present invention also provides the battery pack of another kind of equalization charging circuit, in this battery pack, each cell is used an equalization charging circuit accordingly, the output plus terminal of all equalization charging circuits links together, be connected on the positive pole of battery pack, output negative terminal links together, and is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, wherein, from the nearest cell of battery anode, be called the first cell, the sequence number of all the other cells the like, it is characterized in that:
Be applied to first equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as the first circuit) at the two ends of the first cell in battery pack for using the equalization charging circuit of P-MOS pipe, the first input end of the first circuit connects the positive pole of described the first cell, the second input of the first circuit connects the negative pole of described the first cell, and the 3rd input of the first circuit is connected to the negative pole of the second cell;
Be applied to the M equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as M circuit) at the two ends of M cell in battery pack for using the equalization charging circuit of N-MOS pipe, M is more than 2 integer, the first input end of M circuit connects the negative pole of described M cell, the second input of M circuit connects the positive pole of described M cell, and the 3rd input of M circuit is connected to the positive pole of M-1 cell.
Due to the same cheap of the P-MOS pipe cost of low pressure, and its cut-in voltage is low, the circuit of directly powering for cell is feasible, after using aforesaid way to connect, be applied in battery pack, comprise that in the first circuit in the battery pack that super capacitor forms, the energy that in this routine circuit of reversed excitation, leakage inductance produces is used the second cell to absorb, like this, promoted the efficiency of complete machine.
The above embodiments, obviously can only be for charging process, once the set point in circuit determine, just can only be for the equalizing charge when the batteries charging.Shown in the 5th embodiment, be not only applicable to charging, battery balanced when being equally applicable to battery pack and externally discharging.
The 5th embodiment
The 5th example exemplifies, and is not only applicable to charging, battery balanced when being equally applicable to battery pack and externally discharging.
Method is as follows: on the basis of above-mentioned second, the 4th embodiment, the testing circuit U1 to UN of each equalization charging circuit is upper, all sets up an infrared receiving terminal, and testing circuit U1 to UN adopts the single-chip microcomputer of respective amount to form; Comprise a total voltage observation circuit, the total voltage of monitoring battery pack, according to the decline of total voltage, the transmitting of the infrared transmitting device of total voltage observation circuit is the binary digital signal of agreement in advance; All infrared receiving terminals are received identical signal, and the single-chip microcomputer in U1 to UN is synchronously turned down described set point, and the amount of downward is identical; According to the fall of total voltage, there is accordingly the described set point of many groups.
The testing circuit of the first circuit is numbered U1, and the testing circuit of N circuit is numbered UN;
Principle: when electric discharge, the capacity of certain cell is little, its electric discharge is just fast, at this moment the total voltage of battery pack synchronously declines, the total voltage of total voltage monitoring circuit monitors battery pack, according to the decline of total voltage, the transmitting of the infrared transmitting device of total voltage observation circuit is the binary digital signal of agreement in advance, infrared receiving terminal is received identical signal, single-chip microcomputer in U1 to UN synchronously, turn down described set point, the amount of lowering is identical, at this moment, just there will be two groups of situations, first group is that battery discharge is fast, its terminal voltage is lower than new " set point ", so, and the equalization charging circuit of their parallel connections do not work, and they have maintained original discharging current, second group is that battery discharge is slow, they are randomly dispersed in battery pack, its end electricity is still higher than new " set point ", so, can correspondingly work with the equalization charging circuit of their parallel connections, the two ends power supply of output energy to battery pack, simultaneously to load discharge, obviously, the discharging current of second group equals the Absorption Current that electric current original in battery adds equalization charging circuit, large than first group, realize so balanced, in binary digital signal, a byte can represent 16 systems, use 2 bytes can represent the signal of 256 grades, if charging deboost is 4.2V, and electric discharge deboost is 3.1V, so, there is the pressure reduction of 1.1V centre, be divided into 255 grades, each variable quantity is 4.3mV, be enough to competent accurate balanced discharge.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be considered as limitation of the present invention.
For those skilled in the art; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications; as in loop, seal in inductance, electric capacity smoothly discharging, charging current; after the output parallel connection of equalization charging circuit, be connected on the high voltage direct current filter circuit of power stage of charge power supply; these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention; here no longer with embodiment, repeat, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (6)
1. an equalization charging circuit, comprise first input end, the second input, the 3rd input, output plus terminal, output negative terminal, testing circuit and the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter of being controlled by testing circuit, inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter comprises N-MOS pipe (abbreviation of N NMOS N-channel MOS N field effect transistor), transformer, the first diode, the second diode, electric capacity; Described testing circuit is parallel between first input end and the second input, the output of testing circuit is connected with the grid of N-MOS pipe, the source electrode of N-MOS pipe connects first input end, the drain electrode of N-MOS pipe is connected with the different name end of transformer primary side winding, the Same Name of Ends of transformer primary side winding is connected with the second input, the different name end of transformer secondary winding and the anodic bonding of the second diode, the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with output plus terminal, the Same Name of Ends of transformer secondary winding is connected with output negative terminal
It is characterized in that: the drain electrode of N-MOS pipe and the different name end tie point of transformer primary side winding are also connected the anode of the first diode, the negative electrode of the first diode connects the 3rd input, between the second input and the 3rd input, is also parallel with electric capacity; Output plus terminal is connected on the positive pole of battery pack, and output negative terminal is connected on the negative pole of battery pack; When testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input and is greater than set point, the output output duty cycle signal of testing circuit, controls N-MOS pipe and is operated on off state; Testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input when set point is following, and the output output low level of testing circuit allows the cut-off of N-MOS pipe.
2. a battery pack that comprises equalization charging circuit claimed in claim 1, in battery pack, each cell is used an equalization charging circuit accordingly, the output plus terminal of all equalization charging circuits links together, be connected on the positive pole of battery pack, output negative terminal links together, and is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, wherein, from the nearest cell of battery anode, be called the first cell, the sequence number of all the other cells the like, it is characterized in that:
Be applied to first equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as the first circuit) at the first cell two ends in battery pack, the first input end of the first circuit connects the negative pole of described the first cell, the second input of the first circuit connects the positive pole of described the first cell, a resistance also in parallel or a voltage stabilizing didoe between the second input of the 3rd input to the first circuit of the first circuit, the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe connects the 3rd input of the first circuit, the second input of anodic bonding first circuit of voltage stabilizing didoe.
Be applied to the M equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as M circuit) at M cell two ends in battery pack, M is more than 2 integer, the first input end of M circuit connects the negative pole of described M cell, the second input of M circuit connects the positive pole of described M cell, and the 3rd input of M circuit is connected to the positive pole of M-1 cell.
3. a kind of battery pack according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, increase the circuit of realizing balance charge/discharge method: the testing circuit U1 to UN of equalization charging circuit is upper, all sets up an infrared receiving terminal, testing circuit U1 to UN adopts the single-chip microcomputer of respective amount to form; Comprise a total voltage observation circuit, the total voltage of monitoring battery pack, according to the decline of total voltage, the transmitting of the infrared transmitting device of total voltage observation circuit is the binary digital signal of agreement in advance; All infrared receiving terminals are received identical signal, and the single-chip microcomputer in U1 to UN is synchronously turned down described set point, and the amount of downward is identical; According to the fall of total voltage, there is accordingly the described set point of many groups.
4. an equalization charging circuit that uses P-MOS pipe, comprise first input end, the second input, the 3rd input, output plus terminal, output negative terminal, testing circuit and the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter of being controlled by testing circuit, output plus terminal is connected on the positive pole of battery pack, and output negative terminal is connected on the negative pole of battery pack; Described inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter comprises P-MOS pipe, transformer, the first diode, the second diode, electric capacity; Described testing circuit is parallel between first input end and the second input, the output of testing circuit is connected with the grid of P-MOS pipe, the source electrode of P-MOS pipe connects first input end, the drain electrode of P-MOS pipe is connected with the different name end of transformer primary side winding, the Same Name of Ends of transformer primary side winding is connected with the second input, and the different name end of transformer secondary winding is connected with the second diode cathode, and the anode of the second diode is connected with output negative terminal, the Same Name of Ends of transformer secondary winding is connected with output plus terminal
It is characterized in that: the drain electrode of P-MOS pipe and the different name end tie point of transformer primary side winding are also connected the negative electrode of the first diode, and the anodic bonding of the first diode the 3rd input, is also parallel with electric capacity between the second input and the 3rd input; When testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input and is greater than set point, the output output duty cycle signal controlling P-MOS pipe of testing circuit, P-MOS pipe is on off state; Testing circuit detects voltage between first input end and the second input when set point is following, and the output output low level of testing circuit allows the cut-off of P-MOS pipe.
5. a battery pack that comprises claim 1, equalization charging circuit claimed in claim 4, in battery pack, each cell is used an equalization charging circuit accordingly, the output plus terminal of all equalization charging circuits links together, be connected on the positive pole of battery pack, output negative terminal links together, and is connected on the negative pole of battery pack, wherein, from the nearest cell of battery anode, be called the first cell, the sequence number of all the other cells the like, it is characterized in that:
Be applied to first equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as the first circuit) at the two ends of the first cell in battery pack for using the equalization charging circuit of P-MOS pipe, the first input end of the first circuit connects the positive pole of described the first cell, the second input of the first circuit connects the negative pole of described the first cell, and the 3rd input of the first circuit is connected to the negative pole of the second cell;
Be applied to the M equalization charging circuit (hereinafter to be referred as M circuit) at the two ends of M cell in battery pack for using the equalization charging circuit of N-MOS pipe, M is more than 2 integer, the first input end of M circuit connects the negative pole of described M cell, the second input of M circuit connects the positive pole of described M cell, and the 3rd input of M circuit is connected to the positive pole of M-1 cell.
6. a kind of battery pack according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, increase the circuit of realizing balance charge/discharge method: the testing circuit U1 to UN of equalization charging circuit is upper, all sets up an infrared receiving terminal, testing circuit U1 to UN adopts the single-chip microcomputer of respective amount to form; Comprise a total voltage observation circuit, the total voltage of monitoring battery pack, according to the decline of total voltage, the transmitting of the infrared transmitting device of total voltage observation circuit is the binary digital signal of agreement in advance; All infrared receiving terminals are received identical signal, and the single-chip microcomputer in U1 to UN is synchronously turned down described set point, and the amount of downward is identical; According to the fall of total voltage, there is accordingly the described set point of many groups.
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