CN104190884B - A kind of production method of clean solder ingot casting - Google Patents
A kind of production method of clean solder ingot casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104190884B CN104190884B CN201410402280.9A CN201410402280A CN104190884B CN 104190884 B CN104190884 B CN 104190884B CN 201410402280 A CN201410402280 A CN 201410402280A CN 104190884 B CN104190884 B CN 104190884B
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 low brazing rate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种洁净钎料铸锭的生产方法，首先按常规方法熔炼钎料合金；将中间包预热至低于钎剂失效的温度，然后将熔化的钎料合金倒入内部自上而下依次设置有陶瓷过滤器、活性炭层和反应钎剂的中间包内，中间包外壁包覆有保温层；钎料合金熔液首先经过陶瓷过滤器，再经活性炭层和钎剂充分反应，除去钎料合金中的气体和夹杂物；更换陶瓷过滤器后将钎料合金熔液倒出，再次过滤后浇铸、冷却后，将铸锭上部1/3部分去除，剩余的2/3铸锭即为得到的洁净钎料铸锭。本发明的优点在于除气、除夹杂同时进行，设备占地极小，操作简单，除气效率高，投资少，运行费用低。浇注后切除铸锭上部1/3，进一步减少铸锭气孔、夹杂等缺陷，利于钎料后期加工。
The invention discloses a production method of clean solder ingot. First, the solder alloy is smelted according to the conventional method; the tundish is preheated to a temperature lower than the failure temperature of the solder, and then the melted solder alloy is poured into the interior from the top. The bottom is provided with a ceramic filter, an activated carbon layer and a tundish in turn, and the outer wall of the tundish is covered with an insulating layer; the brazing alloy melt first passes through the ceramic filter, and then fully reacts with the activated carbon layer and the brazing flux. Remove the gas and inclusions in the brazing alloy; replace the ceramic filter and pour out the brazing alloy melt, filter again, cast and cool, remove the upper 1/3 of the ingot, and the remaining 2/3 of the ingot That is the obtained clean solder ingot. The invention has the advantages of simultaneous degassing and impurity removal, extremely small equipment occupation, simple operation, high degassing efficiency, less investment and low operating cost. After pouring, the upper 1/3 of the ingot is cut off to further reduce defects such as pores and inclusions in the ingot, which is beneficial to the post-processing of the solder.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及钎料铸锭，尤其是涉及一种洁净钎料铸锭的生产方法。 The invention relates to brazing filler metal ingots, in particular to a production method of clean brazing filler metal casting ingots.
背景技术 Background technique
钎焊是一种重要的材料连接方法，随着近年来钎焊技术在航空航天、能源及新能源、车辆、信息电子、核工程、装备制造、勘探和采掘等领域的应用日趋广泛，行业对钎料的性能要求也越来越高；特别是钎焊材料的洁净度问题，引起了钎焊研究人员的关注。钎焊接头性能与钎料性能关系很大，非洁净钎料对钎焊质量会产生很大的影响，如钎料流动性差，钎着率低，钎缝中气孔和夹杂多等，因此洁净钎料的研究具有重要意义。 Brazing is an important material connection method. With the application of brazing technology in aerospace, energy and new energy, vehicles, information electronics, nuclear engineering, equipment manufacturing, exploration and mining and other fields in recent years, the industry has become more and more The performance requirements of brazing materials are getting higher and higher; especially the cleanliness of brazing materials has attracted the attention of brazing researchers. The performance of brazing joints has a great relationship with the performance of brazing filler metal. Unclean brazing filler metal will have a great impact on the brazing quality, such as poor fluidity of the brazing filler metal, low brazing rate, and many pores and inclusions in the brazing seam. Therefore, clean brazing Material research is of great significance.
研究和应用钎料合金熔体净化处理技术是改善钎料洁净度的重要手段。如银钎料中气体以O2为主还含有H2、N2等，夹杂物以氧化物夹杂为主。银钎料国标将O2含量控制在150~300ppm。洁净钎料铸锭的现有技术是：钎料合金熔炼时在炉内进行除气、除杂,即在熔体上采用造渣剂（活性炭或熔剂）覆盖技术，造渣剂与熔体中的气体和固态氧化夹杂物发生化学、物理、机械作用，从而达到除气、除杂的目的。但此种方法的缺点是由于活性炭或熔剂的密度通常小于熔体密度，活性炭或熔剂漂浮在熔体上方，除气、除杂的效果不佳，使得浇注出来的铸锭质量不均匀，上部往往多气孔和氧化物夹杂。所以目前生产出的钎料铸锭，氧化物夹杂含量高，铸锭质量差，不能达到洁净钎料的使用要求。 Research and application of solder alloy melt purification treatment technology is an important means to improve the cleanliness of solder. For example, the gas in silver solder is mainly O 2 and also contains H 2 , N 2 , etc., and the inclusions are mainly oxide inclusions. The national standard of silver solder controls the O2 content at 150~300ppm. The existing technology of clean solder ingot casting is: when the solder alloy is smelted, degassing and impurity removal are carried out in the furnace, that is, the slagging agent (activated carbon or flux) is used to cover the melt, and the slagging agent and the melt The gas and solid oxide inclusions have chemical, physical and mechanical effects, so as to achieve the purpose of degassing and impurity removal. But the disadvantage of this method is that because the density of activated carbon or flux is usually lower than that of the melt, the activated carbon or flux floats above the melt, and the effect of degassing and impurity removal is not good, which makes the quality of the poured ingot uneven, and the upper part often Porous and oxide inclusions. Therefore, the solder ingots currently produced have high oxide inclusion content and poor ingot quality, which cannot meet the requirements for clean solder.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种气体、夹杂物含量低的洁净钎料铸锭的生产方法。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing clean solder ingots with low gas and inclusion contents.
为实现上述目的，本发明可采取下述技术方案： To achieve the above object, the present invention can take the following technical solutions:
本发明所述的洁净钎料铸锭的生产方法包括下述步骤: The production method of clean solder ingot of the present invention comprises the following steps:
第一步，按常规方法熔炼钎料合金； The first step is to smelt the solder alloy in a conventional manner;
第二步，首先将中间包预热至低于钎剂失效的温度，然后将熔化的钎料合金倒入内部自上而下依次设置有陶瓷过滤器、活性炭层和反应钎剂的中间包内，该中间包的外壁包覆有保温层；倒入中间包内的钎料合金熔液首先经过陶瓷过滤器，过滤掉其中的氧化物夹杂，然后再经活性炭层流到钎剂中，通过与活性炭和钎剂充分反应，除去钎料合金中的气体和夹杂物； In the second step, first preheat the tundish to a temperature lower than the failure of the flux, and then pour the molten brazing alloy into the tundish with a ceramic filter, an activated carbon layer and a reactive flux in order from top to bottom. , the outer wall of the tundish is covered with an insulating layer; the solder alloy melt poured into the tundish first passes through a ceramic filter to filter out the oxide inclusions, and then flows into the flux through the activated carbon layer, and passes through the Activated carbon and flux fully react to remove gas and inclusions in the solder alloy;
第三步，更换中间包内的陶瓷过滤器，然后将中间包内的钎料合金熔液倒出，再次对钎料合金熔液进行过滤后，将钎料合金熔液浇至铸型中； The third step is to replace the ceramic filter in the tundish, then pour out the solder alloy melt in the tundish, filter the solder alloy melt again, and pour the solder alloy melt into the mold;
第四步，冷却后，将铸锭上部1/3部分去除，剩余的2/3铸锭即为得到的洁净钎料铸锭。 In the fourth step, after cooling, the upper 1/3 of the ingot is removed, and the remaining 2/3 of the ingot is the obtained clean solder ingot.
所述陶瓷过滤器筛网网孔的尺寸为0.84~1mm。 The mesh size of the ceramic filter mesh is 0.84-1mm.
本发明的优点在于熔炼后的钎料合金熔液（熔体）在浇注前先倒入中间包进行过滤，经陶瓷过滤器过滤去除氧化物夹杂，用活性炭和钎剂联合脱氧除夹杂，效果更好。另外，本发明将除气、除夹杂同时进行，设备占地极小，操作简单，除气效率高，投资少，运行费用低。浇注后切除铸锭上部1/3部分，进一步减少铸锭气孔、夹杂等缺陷，剩余铸锭洁净，质量高，利于钎料后期的压力加工。 The advantage of the present invention is that the smelted solder alloy melt (melt) is poured into the tundish for filtration before pouring, the oxide inclusions are removed by filtering through the ceramic filter, and the activated carbon and the flux are combined to deoxidize and remove the inclusions, and the effect is better. it is good. In addition, the present invention simultaneously degasses and removes inclusions, occupies an extremely small area of equipment, is simple to operate, has high degassing efficiency, less investment and low operating costs. After pouring, the upper 1/3 of the ingot is cut off to further reduce defects such as pores and inclusions in the ingot, and the remaining ingot is clean and of high quality, which is beneficial to the later pressure processing of the solder.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明方法中中间包的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a tundish in the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
本发明所述的洁净钎料铸锭的生产方法，包括下述步骤: The production method of clean solder ingot of the present invention comprises the following steps:
第一步，按常规方法熔炼钎料合金； The first step is to smelt the solder alloy in a conventional manner;
第二步，首先将中间包预热至低于钎剂失效的温度，然后将熔化的钎料合金倒入内部自上而下依次设置有陶瓷过滤器、活性炭层和反应钎剂的中间包（如图1所示）内，该中间包的外壁包覆有保温层1；倒入中间包内的钎料合金熔液首先经过活动放置在中间包上部的陶瓷过滤器2，网孔尺寸为0.84~1mm的陶瓷过滤器2过滤掉其中的氧化物夹杂，然后再经活性炭层3流到钎剂4中，在流动过程中钎料合金熔液通过与活性炭和钎剂充分反应，可除去钎料合金中的气体和夹杂物； In the second step, the tundish is firstly preheated to a temperature lower than the failure of the flux, and then the molten brazing alloy is poured into the tundish with a ceramic filter, an activated carbon layer and a reactive flux ( As shown in Figure 1), the outer wall of the tundish is covered with an insulating layer 1; the solder alloy melt poured into the tundish first passes through the ceramic filter 2 that is placed on the upper part of the tundish, and the mesh size is 0.84 The ~1mm ceramic filter 2 filters out the oxide inclusions, and then flows through the activated carbon layer 3 into the flux 4. During the flow process, the brazing alloy melt fully reacts with the activated carbon and flux to remove the brazing material Gases and inclusions in alloys;
第三步，更换中间包内的陶瓷过滤器2，然后将中间包内的钎料合金熔液倒出，新换上的陶瓷过滤器2再次对钎料合金熔液进行过滤后，将钎料合金熔液浇至铸型中形成铸锭； The third step is to replace the ceramic filter 2 in the tundish, then pour out the solder alloy melt in the tundish, and after the newly replaced ceramic filter 2 filters the solder alloy melt again, the solder The molten alloy is poured into the mold to form an ingot;
第四步，铸锭自然冷却后，将铸锭上部1/3部分去除，剩余的2/3铸锭即为得到的满足要求的洁净钎料铸锭。 In the fourth step, after the ingot is cooled naturally, the upper 1/3 of the ingot is removed, and the remaining 2/3 of the ingot is the obtained clean solder ingot that meets the requirements.
在该过程中，中间包上层的陶瓷过滤器2可以将熔体（钎料合金熔液）中大于10μm的夹杂物去除，位于中间的活性炭层3可与熔体充分接触，能够与熔体中的氧气等充分反应产生大量气泡而逸出熔体，改善了传统方法中活性炭漂浮在熔体上部去除气体不良的缺点；而位于中间包下部的钎剂能够很好的去除熔体中的氧化物夹杂，钎剂与熔体反应生成的气泡又可以带走熔体中的气体，除夹杂、除气同时进行，一种熔体对应加入一种钎剂就能达到良好的除氧化物夹杂的目的；经过中间包过滤后的熔体浇注成铸锭时，先凝固的铸锭下部气孔、夹杂少，上部气孔、夹杂多，切除铸锭上部1/3部分后，得到的铸锭将更加洁净。本发明方法生产的铸锭气孔、疏松、夹杂等缺陷非常少，在钎料后续的挤压、轧制等成形加工工艺中很少出现缺陷，产品质量优良，成品率高。 In this process, the ceramic filter 2 on the upper layer of the tundish can remove the inclusions larger than 10 μm in the melt (brazing alloy melt), and the activated carbon layer 3 in the middle can fully contact with the melt and can Oxygen, etc. fully react to produce a large number of bubbles and escape the melt, which improves the disadvantage of poor gas removal by activated carbon floating on the upper part of the melt in the traditional method; while the flux located in the lower part of the tundish can remove oxides in the melt well Inclusions, the bubbles generated by the reaction between the flux and the melt can take away the gas in the melt, and remove inclusions and degassing at the same time. Adding a flux to a melt can achieve a good purpose of removing oxide inclusions ; When the melt filtered by the tundish is poured into ingots, the first solidified ingot has fewer pores and inclusions in the lower part and more pores and inclusions in the upper part. After cutting off the upper 1/3 part of the ingot, the obtained ingot will be cleaner. The ingot produced by the method of the invention has very few defects such as air holes, porosity and inclusions, and few defects occur in the subsequent extrusion, rolling and other forming processes of the solder, and the product quality is excellent and the yield rate is high.
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步的详述。 Below by embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
实施例1 Example 1
配制20Kg的BAg45CuZn银基钎料：首先将原料进行熔炼，钎料熔化温度为810℃。将熔化的钎料合金熔液浇入图1所示的中间包（预热温度600℃）中，内置的陶瓷过滤器2筛网尺寸为1mm，底部的钎剂4采用QJ102，熔体在倒入、倒出中间包时，可经过两次陶瓷过滤器2过滤，并经活性炭层3和钎剂4联合除夹杂除气后，才浇入铸型，待铸锭凝固，取出铸锭，切除上部1/3，得到洁净铸锭。洁净铸锭中尺寸大于10μm的氧化物夹杂颗粒被去除，除气率为60~65%，完全满足使用要求。 Preparation of 20Kg of BAg45CuZn silver-based brazing filler metal: first, the raw material is melted, and the melting temperature of the brazing filler metal is 810°C. Pour the melted solder alloy melt into the tundish shown in Figure 1 (preheating temperature 600°C), the built-in ceramic filter 2 has a mesh size of 1mm, and the flux 4 at the bottom is QJ102, and the melt is poured When pouring into and out of the tundish, it can be filtered through the ceramic filter 2 twice, and after the activated carbon layer 3 and the flux 4 are combined to remove inclusions and degassing, it can be poured into the mold. After the ingot is solidified, the ingot is taken out and removed. In the upper 1/3, a clean ingot is obtained. The oxide inclusion particles with a size greater than 10 μm in the clean ingot are removed, and the degassing rate is 60~65%, which fully meets the use requirements.
实施例2 Example 2
配制20Kg的BCu58ZnMn铜基钎料：首先将原料进行熔炼，钎料熔化温度为909℃。将熔化的钎料合金浇入图1所示的中间包（预热温度600℃）中，内置的陶瓷过滤器2筛网尺寸为1mm，底部钎剂采用YJ1，熔体经过两次陶瓷过滤器2过滤，活性炭层3和钎剂4联合除夹杂除气后，浇入铸型，待铸锭凝固，取出铸锭，切除上部1/3，得到洁净铸锭。洁净铸锭中氧化物夹杂尺寸大于10μm的颗粒被去除，除气率为56~70%，铸锭满足使用要求。 Prepare 20Kg of BCu58ZnMn copper-based brazing filler metal: first, melt the raw material, and the melting temperature of the brazing filler metal is 909°C. Pour the melted solder alloy into the tundish shown in Figure 1 (preheating temperature 600°C), the size of the built-in ceramic filter 2 is 1mm, the bottom brazing flux is YJ1, and the melt passes through the ceramic filter twice 2 Filtration, activated carbon layer 3 and brazing flux 4 combined to remove inclusions and degassing, pour into the mold, wait for the ingot to solidify, take out the ingot, and cut off the upper 1/3 to obtain a clean ingot. Particles with oxide inclusions larger than 10 μm in the clean ingot were removed, and the degassing rate was 56-70%, and the ingot met the requirements for use.
实施例3 Example 3
配制20Kg的HL402铝基钎料：首先将原料进行熔炼，钎料熔化温度为585℃。将熔化的钎料合金浇入图1所示的中间包（预热温度400℃）中，内置陶瓷过滤器2的筛网尺寸为0.84mm，底部钎剂采用QJ201，熔体经过两次陶瓷过滤器2过滤，活性炭层3和钎剂4联合除夹杂除气后，浇入铸型，待铸锭凝固，取出铸锭，切除上部1/3，得到洁净铸锭。洁净铸锭中氧化物夹杂尺寸大于5μm的颗粒被去除，除气率为60~70%，铸锭满足使用要求。 Prepare 20Kg of HL402 aluminum-based brazing filler metal: firstly melt the raw material, and the melting temperature of the brazing filler metal is 585°C. Pour the molten solder alloy into the tundish shown in Figure 1 (preheating temperature 400°C), the screen size of the built-in ceramic filter 2 is 0.84mm, the bottom brazing flux is QJ201, and the melt is filtered twice by ceramics After filtration by filter 2, activated carbon layer 3 and brazing flux 4 are combined to remove inclusions and degassing, pour into the mold, wait for the ingot to solidify, take out the ingot, and cut off the upper 1/3 to obtain a clean ingot. Particles with oxide inclusions larger than 5 μm in the clean ingot are removed, the degassing rate is 60-70%, and the ingot meets the requirements for use.
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| US3907962A (en) * | 1969-07-16 | 1975-09-23 | Koichi Ogiso | Method of preparing a filter medium for the filtration of molten aluminum or a molten aluminum alloy |
| FR2463816A1 (en) * | 1979-08-24 | 1981-02-27 | Servimetal | CARTRIDGE FOR ACTIVE FILTRATION AND PROCESSING OF METALS AND LIQUID ALLOYS |
| IT1189162B (en) * | 1986-06-11 | 1988-01-28 | Oet Metalconsult Srl | PROCESS OF DEGASSING, REFINING OR FILTRATION TREATMENT OF METALS OR ALLOYS IN THE LIQUID STATE AND RELATED DEVICE |
| CN101440432B (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2010-07-21 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A filter for purification and smelting of superalloy |
| JP5117241B2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2013-01-16 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Inclusion removal apparatus and inclusion removal method |
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