CN104189892A - 低剂量白细胞介素2在免疫相关性疾病治疗中的应用 - Google Patents
低剂量白细胞介素2在免疫相关性疾病治疗中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明“低剂量白细胞介素2在免疫相关性疾病治疗中的应用”,提供了一种通过调节自身免疫病患者体内异常紊乱的T细胞,从上游治疗免疫病的方法。传统抗肿瘤方案应用的大剂量白介素-2(注射用重组人IL-2)的治疗目的在于刺激多种免疫细胞增加杀伤肿瘤细胞,不适合在自身免疫性疾病中应用。本发明人发现应用低剂量的IL-2上调了Treg和抑制了Tfh及Th17细胞,即而诱导免疫耐受同时纠正了患者体内的免疫细胞失衡状态,从上游调靶向调节T细胞,治疗病情活动的系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征和类风湿关节炎等免疫病患者有较好的疗效和安全性。该治疗方法安全、有效、便于临床应用,对于抗原诱导的免疫功能亢进导致多种自身抗体和炎症因子产生而累及脏器损伤为致病机制的多种自身免疫性疾病患者提供了新的治疗手段。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及白细胞介素2(IL-2)在自身免疫性疾病中的应用。
背景技术
自身免疫性疾病,如系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,SLE),类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)和干燥综合征(Syndrome,SS)是以免疫性炎症为突出表现的弥漫性结缔组织或炎症性疾病病。血清中出现多种致病性自身抗体和多系统受累是该类疾病的主要临床特征。例如,SLE患者发病初期多表现为低热、面部皮疹、乏力、脱发、关节痛等临床症状,严重者会出现抽搐、晕厥等神经系统症状,晚期多发展为慢性肾炎甚至肾衰竭。该病在我国的患病率约为70/10万人,即患病人数高达90万左右,而5年的生存率仅有50-85%,预后差,严重威胁患者的生活质量,给患者及社会带来了沉重的精神和经济负担。类风湿关节炎是一种以多关节侵蚀性滑膜炎症为特征的系统性自身免疫病,患病率为0.33%,我国约有500万患者,且多为中青年女性,未经正规治疗致残率达75%。我国在2006年进行的第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中,致残性关节病在导致肢体残疾的21类病因中排第2位(20.1%),仅次于脑血管病(20.6%),其中79.4%为RA致残。
自身免疫性疾病是一种抗原驱动、T细胞介导的全身性自身免疫病。其发病的始动环节之一是T淋巴细胞的异常活化及其免疫失衡,多项研究显示Treg是维持免疫平衡的调节性细胞,在感染或自身抗原诱导的炎症反应和抗体产生过程中,在外周诱导免疫耐受。多种自身免疫性疾病,如SLE、SS、RA、血管炎、强直性脊柱炎等都与这种免疫失衡有关。
白细胞介素2(IL-2)是促进Treg产生和维持功能的重要的细胞因子。IL-2有3个受体,分别为α,β和γ,其中最重要的一个高亲和性亚基为IL2Rα,即CD25。Treg细胞表面表达高水平的CD25,IL-2通过结合CD25促进Treg产生和维持,是Treg的一个至关重要的生长因子。正常情况下,胸腺产生的Treg细胞迁移到外周,在低剂量IL-2的刺激下不停增殖,维持稳定的表达水平;而在外周,IL-2和TGF-β等亦可以诱导幼稚T细胞分化成Treg;故IL-2的缺陷可以导致Treg数目减低。目前认为Treg主要通过三种方式发挥抑制功能:1)直接接触抑制,主要与CTLA-4等相关;2)分泌抑制性因子,如IL-10及TGF-β等;3)竞争性耗竭循环中的T细胞生长因子:如IL-2,促使其他T细胞凋亡。CTLA-4及IL-10基因的突变均可以导致Treg抑制功能减弱,从而使外周免疫耐受被打破,而Treg细胞中IL-2受体降低或者缺陷则不仅可以降低其增殖水平,还可以干扰其抑制功能。多项研究表明,SLE患者中既存在Treg功能的缺陷,其主要与CTLA-4和TGF-β的突变有关,又存在Treg数目的缺陷,其主要与IL-2的缺陷相关。
十多年来,大剂量IL-2曾经作为一种免疫增强剂用于抗肿瘤及抗病毒治疗,疗效显著,一直沿用至今。 令人意外的是,几个实验组在临床用药中,发现IL-2在一些病人身上,不仅没有增强免疫效应,反而诱导出了免疫耐受。Koreth等利用低剂量IL-2治疗难治性慢性移植物抗宿主反应(GVHD),在GVHD病人身上成功地诱导出了高水平的Treg,但对其他效应T细胞无明显改变,一半的患者在临床上得到缓解。丙型肝炎合并自身免疫性疾病一直是治疗的难点,激素及其他免疫抑制剂的治疗可诱发丙肝病毒的活动,而丙肝的干扰素-α联合利巴韦林会诱发免疫性疾病的活动。Saadoun等应用低剂量IL-2治疗丙型肝炎诱导的自身免疫性血管炎,同样,成功地诱导了Treg水平的上升,血管炎的临床和实验室指标均得到显著改善,而更重要的是丙肝病毒载量无变化。因此,IL-2在免疫系统中具有双重调控的作用,即增强免疫反应和诱导免疫耐受形成的作用。
随着治疗方法的进步和治疗方案的优化,SLE等自身免疫性疾病的主要死因逐渐由肾脏、呼吸系统等器官并发症转变为增高的感染和肿瘤的发生率。而疾病本身的免疫监控功能紊乱和药物的免疫抑制作用是其主要原因。所以,相比较于目前广泛应用的免疫抑制剂,包括新型的生物制剂,寻找一种能逆转免疫失衡,重建免疫耐受,调节免疫平衡的治疗方法显得尤为重要。本发明人的研究旨在通过应用注射用重组人IL-2(Recombinant human interleukin-2,rhIL-2)免疫调节治疗系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病患者,并发现应用低剂量的IL-2治疗病情活动的SLE患者有较好的疗效和安全性,可能通过上调了Treg和抑制Tfh及Th17细胞的功能有关,纠正了患者体内的免疫细胞失衡状态,从上游调靶向调节T细胞,提供了系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎、干燥综合征等免疫性疾病新的治疗手段。
发明概述
本发明的目是提供一种安全有效的自身免疫性疾病的免疫治疗方法。
在系统性红斑狼疮的治疗中,发明人发现小剂量应用IL-2(60万U/米2,皮下注射,隔日给药),2周为一个疗程,间歇2周后进行第二个疗程。患者4-10周后不仅可以使患者的临床症状得到显著改善,包括免疫相关的发热、皮疹、血液系统异常,而且改变患者体内的T细胞水平(Treg细胞上调,Tfh和Tfh17细胞下调),多种自身抗体,如抗dsDNA,抗核小体抗体的滴度随治疗逐渐下降,反映病情活动度SLEDAI评分也明显减低,达到病情缓解率高。对于SS和RA患者也具有相应的疗效。因此,低剂量IL-2治疗SLE,RA和SS等免疫性疾病具有较好的疗效和安全性,是临床上治疗该病的新的免疫治疗方法。
本发明目的是提供SLE、SS和RA等多种免疫性疾病治疗的新方法,靶向性的调节异常的T细胞,从上游途径治疗疾病,调节免疫平衡。
本发明所使用的IL-2可以是任何能够在患者体内发挥功能的IL-2,首选重组人IL-2(rhIL-2),溶于灭菌注射用水或生理盐水,制剂形式是水溶液,其已经在临床上使用多年,而且使用方便,适合临床的广泛推广。
目前,美国FDA仅批准了重组人IL-2治疗肿瘤性疾病,且国际指南上应用较大剂量的IL-2(300-600 万u/天)达到增加杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。对于HIV等抗病毒感染的治疗文献中,使用的剂量为1000万U/天。本发明所述的“低剂量”指的是30-100万U/米2/天。与高剂量IL-2应用相比,低剂量的IL-2在临床上极少出现发热、皮疹等症状,也避免了引起毛细血管渗漏综合征导致的低血压、休克、肾功能不全等药物不良反应;机制上为上调调节性T细胞,而不增加引起炎症反应的效应性T细胞,比如Th1,Th17等。
本发明所述的“以免疫细胞失衡为基础的免疫系统疾病”,例如系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿关节炎、血管炎(白塞病、变应性肉芽肿性血管炎、肉芽肿性多血管炎、结节性多动脉炎等)、强直性脊柱炎、炎症性肠病、皮肌炎和多肌炎等,是指由于自身抗原或抗原肽暴露诱导的辅助性T细胞亢进,B细胞介导,产生多种自身抗体导致的多器官受累的自身免疫性疾病。通过低剂量的IL-2的摄入,调节了失衡的辅助性T细胞体系,从而减少自身抗体的产生及其对靶器官的攻击,从上游达到治疗免疫系统疾病的作用。
综上所述,本发明涉及IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,所述免疫系统疾病是以免疫细胞失衡为基础的。
本发明涉及IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,其中所述免疫系统疾病包括:系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿关节炎、血管炎(白塞病、变应性肉芽肿性血管炎、肉芽肿性多血管炎、结节性多动脉炎等)、强直性脊柱炎、炎症性肠病、皮肌炎和多肌炎等。
本发明涉及IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,其中IL-2的作用制是调节免疫细胞失衡,包括对Treg,Th17和Tfh细胞的影响。
本发明涉及IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,其中所述药物是注射剂。
本发明涉及IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,其中IL-2以低剂量制备成药物。
本发明涉及IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,其中IL-2用于患者时以低剂量给药。
本发明涉及IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,其中IL-2为人重组IL-2,用药方案为低剂量:30-100万U/m2,连续或间隔应用。
本发明涉及一种治疗免疫系统疾病的药物,所述免疫系统疾病是以免疫细胞失衡为基础的,所述药物包括IL-2和药物上可接受的辅料或载体。进一步地,所述免疫系统疾病包括:系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿关节炎、血管炎(白塞病、变应性肉芽肿性血管炎、肉芽肿性多血管炎、结节性多动脉炎等)、强直性脊柱炎、炎症性肠病、皮肌炎和多肌炎等。
本发明涉及一种治疗免疫系统疾病的药物,所述免疫系统疾病是以免疫细胞失衡为基础的,所述药物包括IL-2和药物上可接受的辅料或载体,还包括其他协同治疗所述疾病的药物,例如糖皮质激素。
附图说明
图1.SLE患者治疗前后患者皮疹的变化。
图2.治疗前后SLE患者疾病活动度评分变化(SLEDAI)(n=19)
图3.治疗前后SLE患者自身抗体水平的变化(n=19)
注释:AnuA:抗核小体抗体;anti-dsDNA:抗dsDNA抗体。
图4.流式结果显示Treg、Tfh和Th17在治疗前后变化。(P均<0.05)。
注释:Treg:调节性T细胞;Tfhem;效应性滤泡辅助性T细胞;Th17细胞:辅助性Th17细胞。
图5.SS患者的外周血辅助性T细胞分析。
注释:A-C为Treg的变化的分析及流式图,D为Tfh治疗前后的变化,E为Th17在治疗前后的变化。
具体实施方式
实施例1 药物使用方法和适用人群。
使用方法:
活动期或复发的患者在原治疗不变的基础上应用或者写应用中小剂量激素(0.1-0.5mg/kg/d)联合重组人白细胞介素-2 60万U/米2,皮下注射,隔日一次,持续2周,停2周,连续3个疗程。
适用人群:
自身免疫异常导致的免疫系统疾病,包括:系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿关节炎、血管炎(白塞病、变应性肉芽肿性血管炎、肉芽肿性多血管炎、结节性多动脉炎等)、强直性脊柱炎、炎症性肠病、皮肌炎和多肌炎。
禁忌症:
1、严重的慢性肝、肾、心功能不全者。
2、严重的耐药菌感染,如菌血症、败血症。
实施例2 低剂量IL-2治疗中重度SLE具有明显疗效。
本研究共治疗了19例SLEDAI大于8分的SLE患者。患者的治疗前如表1所列。经过低剂量IL-2的治疗后,94.7%(n=18)的狼疮病情缓解,患者无明显的不良反应。
1、治疗前19例系统性红斑狼疮患者的临床和实验室特征
表1.Clinical characteristics of the 19 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients.
GN:glomerulonephritis;Sk:skin involvement(erythema,photo sensibility,Rdynolds,vasculitis);art:arthritis;
neu;neurological or psychiatric involvement;PS,polyserositis;fev:fever;P:pulmonary involvement.
CS:steroids;MMF:mycophenolate mofetil;HCQ:hydroxychloroquine;CYP/CTX?:cyclophospha,ide;AZA:azathioprine;CSA:cyclosporine;MTX:methotrexate;Lef:leflunomide;NSAID:non steroida anti-inflammatory drug;Thad:thalidomide.
ANA:antinuclear antibodies;anti-dsDNA:anti-dsDNA antibodies;C3:complement 3;C4:complement 4;NA:not available.
2、应用低剂量IL-2治疗的不良反应较少,仅有1例患者出现首次注射后的一过性发热,体温最高达38.5℃,2个小时后自行缓解。3例患者出现注射部位轻微发红伴疼痛,1例注射后出现乏力(见表2),均未予特殊处理。
表2.低剂量IL-2治疗患者(n=19)的不良反应
3、应用低剂量IL-2治疗后SRI的变化和激素减量应用分析。
经过低剂量人重组IL-2(rhIL-2)的治疗,大多数(94.7%)患者对药物有较好的疗效,同时伴随治疗,激素也逐渐减量(详见表3)。
表3.Main outcome/response rate of 19 SLE patients with rhIL-2 therapy
The SRI is defined as:≥4-point reduction in the SELENA-SLEDAI score;no new British Isles Lupus Activity Group A domain score or no more than one new British Isles Lupus Activity Group B domain score;and no deterioration from baseline in the physician’s global assessment≥0.3 points.
4、治疗前后临床和实验室变化分析。
19例病情中重度活动性(SLEDAI大于8分)的狼疮患者应用低剂量IL-2的治疗后,94.7%(n=18)的狼疮病情缓解。经过12周的治疗和临床观察,患者的临床症状改善,而且免疫相关指标,如补体C3和C4,自身抗体如抗dsDNA抗体、抗核小体抗体和抗心磷脂抗体低度明显减低(详见表4)。
表4.Clinical and lab characteristics before and after low dose IL-2 treatment
UrinePRO:24小时尿蛋白;Anti-dsDNA:抗双链DNA抗体;ANA:抗核抗体;Acl:抗心磷脂抗体;
AnuA:抗核小体抗体
*:P value<0.05
实施例3 低剂量IL-2治疗SS和RA患者具有明显的免疫调节作用。
1、SS患者应用IL-2后辅助性T细胞明显改善,且免疫球蛋白降至正常。
5例SS以高球蛋白血症为主要表现的患者在接受低剂量IL-2治疗10周后,出现Treg升高(见说明书附图B)及其反应炎症的T细胞,如Tfh细胞和Th7细胞减低(见说明书附图D和E)。5例患者平均球蛋白水平变化如表5.
表5.5例干燥综合征患者IL-2治疗前后免疫球蛋白水平比较
Ig,免疫球蛋白
2、难治性RA患者(n=3)在原有的慢作用抗风湿药物治疗后,关节肿痛症状减轻,且抗CCP抗体的低度减低。且与病情相关的病情活动度评分(DAS28)明显减低,表现了对RA治疗的有效性。
表6.3例类风湿关节炎患者IL-2治疗前后临床和实验室指标
ESR:血沉;CRP:C反应蛋白;Anti-CCP:anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody,RF:类风湿因子。
Claims (9)
1.IL-2在制备治疗免疫系统疾病的药物中的应用,所述免疫系统疾病是以免疫细胞失衡为基础的。
2.权利要求1的应用,其中所述免疫系统疾病包括:系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿关节炎、血管炎(白塞病、变应性肉芽肿性血管炎、肉芽肿性多血管炎、结节性多动脉炎等)、强直性脊柱炎、炎症性肠病、皮肌炎和多肌炎等。
3.权利要求1或2所述的应用,其中IL-2的作用制是调节免疫细胞失衡,包括对Treg,Th17和Tfh细胞的影响。
4.权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述药物是注射剂。
5.权利要求1或2的应用,其中IL-2以低剂量制备成药物。
6.权利要求1或2的应用,其中IL-2用于患者时以低剂量给药。
7.权利要求1或2的应用,其中IL-2为人重组IL-2,用药方案为低剂量:30-100万U/m2,连续或间隔应用。
8.一种治疗免疫系统疾病的药物,所述免疫系统疾病是以免疫细胞失衡为基础的,所述药物包括IL-2和药物上可接受的辅料或载体。
9.权利要求8的药物,其中所述免疫系统疾病包括:系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、类风湿关节炎、血管炎(白塞病、变应性肉芽肿性血管炎、肉芽肿性多血管炎、结节性多动脉炎等)、强直性脊柱炎、炎症性肠病、皮肌炎和多肌炎等。
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WO2017042370A1 (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-16 | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux De Paris | Use of interleukin 2 for treating spondyloarthritis |
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CN110251659A (zh) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-20 | 安徽省立医院 | 一种小剂量白细胞介素2在制备治疗慢性痛风药物中的应用 |
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WO2017042370A1 (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-16 | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux De Paris | Use of interleukin 2 for treating spondyloarthritis |
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CN107519207A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-29 | 广东颜值科技有限公司 | 一种免疫抑制细胞制剂及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2019158764A1 (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2019-08-22 | Iltoo Pharma | Use of interleukin 2 for treating sjögren's syndrome |
US11534479B2 (en) | 2018-02-16 | 2022-12-27 | Iltoo Pharma | Use of interleukin 2 for treating Sjögren's syndrome |
EP3927368A4 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2022-10-19 | KSL Biomedical Inc. | METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND MONITORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW-DOSE IL-2 AND HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE THERAPY IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND ITS LONG-TERM USE IN AUTOIMMUNE-RELATED DISORDERS |
CN110251659A (zh) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-20 | 安徽省立医院 | 一种小剂量白细胞介素2在制备治疗慢性痛风药物中的应用 |
CN113304248A (zh) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-27 | 北京大学人民医院 | Il-2在制备缓解糖皮质激素类药物副作用的药物中的应用 |
CN115029409A (zh) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-09 | 上海交通大学 | 一种针对系统性红斑狼疮的细胞表型检测方法及其应用 |
CN115607653A (zh) * | 2022-07-09 | 2023-01-17 | 曹霞 | 低剂量白介素2在治疗孤独症中的应用 |
CN115607653B (zh) * | 2022-07-09 | 2023-09-26 | 曹霞 | 低剂量白介素2在治疗孤独症中的应用 |
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