CN104183182B - Rolling Stone Model for Movement Law testing apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a model test device and method for rolling stone movement law, including a slope simulation system, a rolling stone release system, a base, an air pressure control system and a hydraulic control system. The rolling stone release system includes two parts: a positioning system and a release system. The positioning system passes through The adjustment of the vertical direction, horizontal direction and angle determines the position where the rolling stone is released. The release system can simulate different rolling stone starting methods such as tilting, sliding, vertical falling and rotating dumping; the slope simulation system adjusts the slope by controlling the lifting of the jack Angle; the present invention has the advantages of mechanization, convenient operation, and multiple use; the size of the base can be adjusted to meet the test requirements according to the test requirements, and the adaptability is strong; the coordinate cardboard is used, and through the shooting of a high-speed camera, it can clearly and accurately Determine the coordinate position of the rolling stone at any time.

Description

Model test device and method for law of rolling stone motion

technical field

The invention relates to the field of model tests, in particular to a model test device and method for simulating the movement law of rolling stones.

Background technique

Rolling stones refer to individual rocks falling, rebounding, jumping, rolling or sliding from the surface of slopes and cliffs for some reason, and then moving down the slope quickly in one or more combinations. Motion, a dynamic process that eventually comes to rest near a flatter terrain or obstacle. When there are human activities or human-built facilities within the moving range of rolling stones and cause certain losses, it constitutes a rolling stone disaster.

Due to the influence of many factors, the rolling stone incidents in mountainous areas generally have unpredictable rules such as multiple, sudden, random, etc., which have great harm to traffic lines, building facilities and personal safety. Chinese scholars have carried out a lot of research work on the law of rolling stone movement, but there are also obvious weaknesses: field test, model test and numerical simulation are the three methods most used in the study of rolling stone movement trajectories. It is not yet mature enough, and lacks a set of systematic rolling stone motion simulation test devices and corresponding test methods, so it is impossible to conduct in-depth mechanism research on the rolling stone movement law, which seriously affects the risk analysis and prevention of rolling stone disasters.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention discloses a model test device and method for the law of rolling stone movement. The present invention is convenient to operate, has complete functions, can be reused, and can simulate different slope angles, rolling stone release angles, rolling stone release heights, The rolling stone specimens of different shapes and sizes and different rolling stone starting modes were used to record the movement track of the rolling stone through a high-speed camera, and the influence of the above factors on the rolling stone movement law was studied.

To achieve the above object, the specific scheme of the present invention is as follows:

The rolling stone movement law model test device includes a slope simulation system, a rolling stone release system, a base, an air pressure control system and a hydraulic control system. The rolling stone release system includes two parts: a positioning system and a release system. As well as the adjustment of the angle, determine the release position of the rolling stone. The release system can simulate different rolling stone starting methods such as tilting, sliding, vertical falling, and rotating and dumping; the slope simulation system adjusts the slope angle by controlling the lifting of the first support device;

The rear end of the slope simulation system is connected to the base through the first support device, the front end is connected to the base through the second support column, the rolling stone release system is fixed on the base through the first support column, and the rolling stone release system is fixed on the base through the second support The device is connected to the base, and the air pressure control system controls the opening and closing of the baffle at the front end of the rolling stone releasing system by controlling the cylinder of the rolling stone releasing system; the hydraulic control system includes an oil pump and an oil bag, and the oil pump is used to control the first supporting device and the second supporting device. The second support device is used for preliminary adjustment, and the oil bag is used to precisely adjust the telescopic height of the first support device and the second support device. The first supporting device is a jack, and the second supporting device is an oil hydraulic jack.

The base includes five grid-shaped steel structural components, and two adjacent components are connected by high-strength bolts.

The slope simulation system includes a cuboid iron box-like structure with a length of 1.9m and a width of 1.5m. The inner height of the iron box-like structure is 10cm, and the mold gypsum material with a height of 10cm is filled inside, and the iron box-like structure The bottom is connected with the connecting shaft through a jack, and the connecting shaft is connected with the base through connecting bolts.

A first angle positioning ruler is installed on one side of the iron box structure of the slope simulation system.

The rolling stone release system includes a rolling stone release box and a push cylinder, the rolling stone release box includes a push plate, the two ends and the bottom of the push plate are respectively connected with a left baffle, a right baffle and a lower baffle, and the push cylinder is connected with the push plate. There is a cylinder on the outside of the baffle and the right baffle, the cylinder is connected by a horizontal connecting rod, and the horizontal connecting rod is connected with the baffle at the front end; the lower baffle is connected with a horizontal sliding device through a plurality of pillars, and the horizontal sliding device is fixed on the triangular support frame On the right-angled side of the tripod, the other right-angled side of the tripod is connected with the vertical sliding device, and the vertical sliding device is connected with the base.

The horizontal slide device includes two parallel first slideways placed horizontally, and a horizontally placed connecting plate matched with the first slideway is placed on the first slideway, and the horizontally placed connecting plate is connected with the pillar.

The vertical sliding device includes two parallel second slideways vertically placed, and a fixing plate is arranged between the second slideways, and the fixing plate is connected with the second slideway through a sliding bearing. An oil pressure jack is arranged below, and the oil pressure jack is connected with the base.

One side of the rolling stone release box is provided with a second angle positioning ruler.

One side of the model test device is provided with a coordinate cardboard.

The test method for the model device of the law of rolling stone movement includes the following steps:

A. Test block production, making the required test pieces for simulating rolling stone test block test;

B. The slope simulation system fills, fills the simulated slope, and then grinds and levels it after it is formed;

C. Set up the high-speed camera, set up the camera to the height that can record the panorama of the test block rolling, and adjust the angle so that the camera is perpendicular to the coordinate cardboard;

D. Adjust the slope angle of the slope simulation system, start the oil pump, and adjust the slope angle until the first angle positioning ruler of the slope simulation system is assigned to the set angle;

E. Adjust the angle of the rolling stone release box, start the oil pump, and adjust the angle of the rolling stone release box until the pointer of the second angle positioning ruler of the rolling stone release system is assigned to the test set angle;

F. Rolling stone release height adjustment, start the oil pump, adjust the height of the release box until the height of the rolling stone release system reaches the set height;

G. The rolling stone is released and recorded by camera. Before the test starts, turn on the camera, start the test, start the oil pump, adjust the angle of the release box, and when simulating a vertical fall, adjust the second angle positioning ruler to 50 degrees, and place the rolling stone test block according to The test design working condition is placed in the middle position behind the baffle of the rolling stone release box, the cylinder is turned on, the front baffle is opened instantaneously, and the test block falls; when simulating the inclined sliding rolling stone test, adjust the second angle positioning ruler to 24 degrees, The rest is the same as the vertical drop type; when simulating the rotating and dumping rolling stone test, adjust the second angle positioning ruler to specify 35 degrees, and place the test block on the angle iron backing plate in the release device box, and the rest are the same as the vertical drop type.

H. Save the images and number them. After the rolling stone test block test is completed, save the video recorded by the camera and number them corresponding to the test conditions.

The rolling stone release system of the present invention comprises two parts: a positioning system and a release system. The positioning system can determine the release position of rolling stones by adjusting the vertical direction, horizontal direction and angle; the release system can simulate three different starting methods of rolling stones, such as inclined sliding, vertical falling and rotating dumping; the slope simulation system, side slope The slope can be freely adjusted by lifting the jack; the base is composed of five grid-like steel structure members, and the size of the base can be adjusted to meet the test requirements according to the test requirements; the first support column and the second support column The cross-section is square, with transverse stiffeners to ensure the stability and reliability of the column; the coordinate cardboard can accurately record the relative position of the rolling stone test block during the rolling process; the air pressure control system can control the release of the rolling stone through the control cylinders on both sides The instantaneous opening and closing of the baffle at the front end of the system ensures unimpeded release of the rolling stone specimen; the hydraulic control system precisely adjusts the angle of the slope system, the angle of the rolling stone release system and the vertical position of the rolling stone release system.

The invention can simulate different slope angles, rolling stone release angles, rolling stone release heights, rolling stone test pieces of different shapes and sizes and different rolling stone starting modes. Compared with the previous studies, the trajectory of the rolling stone was recorded by a high-speed camera, and the influence of factors such as different starting methods, different slope angles, and different release heights on the trajectory of the rolling stone was studied, and the actual rolling process was more realistically simulated, making the rolling stone move Regular model tests are closer to engineering practice, and the research results obtained have a wider scope of application.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The invention solves the problem of large-scale three-dimensional indoor model test simulating the movement of rolling stones, and has the following advantages:

1. It has the advantages of mechanization, convenient operation and multiple use;

2. According to the needs of the test, the size of the base can be adjusted to meet the test requirements, with strong adaptability;

3. Using the coordinate cardboard, through the shooting of the high-speed camera, the coordinate position of the rolling stone at any time can be clearly and accurately determined;

4. A polytetrafluoroethylene plate is installed in the rolling stone release box to reduce the frictional resistance between the test block and the box body, greatly reducing the influence of frictional force on the test results;

5. It can simulate different slope angles, rolling stone release angles, rolling stone release heights, rolling stone test pieces of different shapes and sizes, and rolling stone movement processes under different rolling stone start modes, to simulate engineering reality to the maximum extent.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the slope simulation system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the rolling stone releasing device system of the present invention;

In the figure, 1 rolling stone release system; 2 slope simulation system; 3 coordinate cardboard; 4 base; 5 first support column; 6 second support column; 7 high-strength bolt holes; 8 air pressure control box; 11 mold plaster slope; 12 iron box structure; 13 first angle positioning ruler; 14 jack; 15 connecting shaft; 16 connecting bolt; 17 push cylinder; 18 push plate; 19 cylinder; 20 second angle positioning ruler; One slideway; 22 triangular support frame; 23 second slideway; 24 hydraulic jack; 25 fixed plate; 26 pillar; baffle plate at 27 front end;

detailed description:

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

As shown in Figure 1, the rolling stone movement law model test device includes a slope simulation system 2, a rolling stone release system 1, a base 4, an air pressure control system and a hydraulic control system, and the rolling stone release system 1 includes two parts: a positioning system and a release system , the positioning system determines the position where the rolling stone is released by adjusting the vertical direction, horizontal direction and angle, and the release system can simulate different rolling stone starting methods such as tilting slippage, vertical falling and rotating dumping; the slope simulation system 2 controls the rolling jack 14 up and down, adjust the slope angle;

The rear end of the slope simulation system 2 is connected to the base 4 through the jack 14, and the front end is connected to the base 4 through the second support column 6. The rolling stone release system 1 is fixed on the base 4 through the first support column 5. The rolling stone release system 1 The hydraulic jack 24 is connected to the base 4, and the air pressure control system controls the opening and closing of the baffle plate 27 at the front end of the rolling stone releasing system 1 by controlling the cylinder of the rolling stone releasing system 1; the hydraulic control system includes an oil pump 9 and an oil bag, and the oil pump 9 is used for preliminary adjustment to the jack 14 and the hydraulic jack 24, and the oil bag is used to precisely adjust the telescopic height of the jack 14 and the hydraulic jack 24.

The base 4 includes five grid-shaped steel structural components, and two adjacent components are connected by high-strength bolts. High-strength bolts pass through the high-strength bolt holes 7 and are used to connect adjacent base steel structural members.

The slope simulation system 2 includes a cuboid iron box-like structure 12. The iron box-like structure 12 is 1.9m long and 1.5m wide. The bottom of the shape structure 12 is connected with the connecting shaft 15 through the jack 14, and the connecting shaft 15 is connected with the base 4 through the connecting bolt 16.

A first angle positioning ruler 13 is installed on one side of the iron box-shaped structure 12 of the slope simulation system 2 .

The rolling stone release system 1 comprises a rolling stone release box and a push cylinder 17, the rolling stone release box includes a push plate 18, the two ends and the bottom of the push plate 18 are respectively connected with a left baffle, a right baffle and a lower baffle, and the push cylinder 17 and the push plate 18 connected, the left baffle and the outside of the right baffle are placed with a cylinder, the cylinder is connected through a horizontal connecting rod 28, and the horizontal connecting rod 28 is connected with the baffle 27 at the front end; the lower baffle is connected with the horizontal sliding device through a plurality of pillars 26, The horizontal sliding device is fixed on the right-angled side of the tripod 22, and the other right-angled side of the tripod 22 is connected with the vertical sliding device, and the vertical sliding device is connected with the base 4. Push the cylinder 17 for pushing the push plate 18.

The horizontal sliding device comprises two parallel first slideways 21 placed horizontally, on the first slideway 21 a horizontally placed connecting plate matched with the first slideway 21 is placed, and the horizontally placed connecting plate and the pillar 26 connected.

The vertical sliding device comprises two parallel second slideways 23 vertically placed, and a fixed plate 25 is arranged between the second slideways 23, and the fixed plate 25 is connected with the second slideway 23 by sliding bearings, the An oil pressure jack 24 is arranged below the fixing plate 25 , and the oil pressure jack 24 is connected with the base 4 . The fixed plate 25 can move up and down, and the horizontal connecting plate on the first slideway 21 can move left and right. One side of the rolling stone release box is provided with a second angle positioning ruler 20 . One side of the model test device is provided with a coordinate cardboard 3 .

Among them, the rear end of the slope simulation system 2 is connected to the base 4 through high-strength connecting bolts 16, and the front end is connected to the base 4 through the second support column 6 through the backing plate 10; the rolling stone release system 1 is fixed to the base 4 through the first support column 5, The second slideways 23 are respectively fixed on the first supporting columns 5 of the entire test bench, and the vertical fixing plate 25 is connected with the vertically placed second slideways 23 through four vertical sliding bearings. Rolling stone movement law model test device, the size of the test bench is about 3m (length) * 2m (width) * 2m (height), made of high-strength steel, easy to assemble and disassemble, and can be reused many times.

Rolling stone release system 1 comprises two parts of positioning system and release system. The positioning system can determine the position where the rolling stone is released by adjusting the vertical direction, horizontal direction and angle. The release system is capable of simulating three different ways of launching rolling stones, including tilt-slip, vertical fall, and spin-toppling. The lower end of the pillar 26 is fixed on the connecting plate placed horizontally by bolts, and the upper end is connected with the rolling stone release box 12 by two bearings. The angle of the rolling stone release box 12 can be adjusted arbitrarily from zero to nearly ninety degrees by adjusting the jack 14, and the opening and closing of the front end baffle plate 27 of the rolling stone release system 1 is controlled by controlling the cylinders 19 on both sides, thereby ensuring that the rolling stone test piece is free from prevent release.

The slope simulation system 2 is a cuboid iron box-like structure with a length of 1.9m and a width of 1.5m. The inner height of the iron box-like structure is 10cm, and the interior is filled with gypsum materials for molds with a height of 10cm. Start the oil pump 9, and adjust the slope angle by controlling the lifting of the jack 14 until the first angle positioning ruler 13 of the slope simulation system 2 is assigned to the design angle. The slope simulation system 2 includes a mold plaster slope 11 for simulating a slope in an actual project; an iron box-like structure 12 for filling plaster;

The base 4 is composed of five grid-shaped steel structural members, and two adjacent members are connected by high-strength bolts. The size of the base can be adjusted to meet the test requirements according to the test requirements.

The height of the support column is about 1.9m, the cross section is square, and there are transverse stiffeners to ensure the stability and reliability of the column. The coordinate cardboard 3 is a 2m*2m coordinate paper, which can accurately record the relative position of the rolling stone test block during the rolling process.

The oil pump 9 is used to initially adjust the jack 14, and then precisely adjust the telescopic height of the jack 14 by controlling the oil bag, thereby adjusting the angle of the slope simulation system 2, the angle of the rolling stone release system 1 and the vertical position of the rolling stone release system 1.

The rolling stone motion law model test device and method are characterized in that, comprising the following steps:

A. Test block production, making the test pieces required for the test to simulate the rolling stone test block test.

B. The slope 12 of the slope simulation system 2 is filled, and the simulated slope is filled, and then polished and leveled after being formed.

C. Set up the high-speed camera, set up the camera to a height capable of recording the panoramic view of the test block rolling, and adjust the angle so that the camera is perpendicular to the coordinate cardboard 3 .

D. Slope angle adjustment: Start the oil pump 9 to adjust the slope angle until the first angle positioning ruler 13 of the slope simulation system 2 is assigned to the design angle.

E. Angle adjustment of the rolling stone release box, start the oil pump 9, and adjust the rolling stone release angle until the pointer of the second angle positioning ruler 20 of the rolling stone release system 1 is designated to the test design angle.

F. Rolling stone release height adjustment, start the oil pump 9, adjust the height of the rolling stone release system 1, until the height positioning ruler of the rolling stone release system 1 is assigned to the test design height, the angle of the slope, the angle of the rolling stone release box and the height of the rolling stone release are adjusted by an oil pump And the three jacks control, the three jacks have different switches.

G. The rolling stone is released and recorded by camera. Before the test starts, turn on the video camera, start the test, start the oil pump 9, adjust the angle of the release box, and when simulating a vertical fall, adjust the rotary angle positioning ruler 20 of the release box to 50 degrees. The rolling stone test block is placed in the middle position behind the baffle plate 27 of the rolling stone release box according to the test design conditions, the control cylinder 8 is opened, the front baffle plate 27 is opened instantaneously, and the test block falls; when simulating the tilt-slip rolling stone test, only need to adjust the release box The rotary angle positioning ruler 20 is designated to 24 degrees, and the rest are the same as the vertical drop type; when simulating the rotating and dumping rolling stone test, only need to adjust the release box and rotate the angle positioning ruler 20 to designate to 35 degrees, and place the test block in the release position. The angle iron backing plate in the device box, and the rest are the same as the vertical drop type.

H. Save the images and number them. After the rolling stone test block test is completed, save the video recorded by the camera and number them corresponding to the test conditions.

The invention is easy to operate, has complete functions, can be used multiple times, can simulate different slope angles, rolling stone release angles, rolling stone release heights, rolling stone test pieces of different shapes and sizes, and different rolling stone starting modes, and records the movement of rolling stones through a high-speed camera Trajectory, the influence of the above factors on the law of rolling stone movement was studied.

Claims (10)

1. Rolling stone motion law model test device, it is characterized in that, comprises slope simulation system, rolling stone release system, base, air pressure control system and hydraulic control system, described rolling stone release system comprises positioning system and release system two parts, and positioning system passes through The adjustment of the vertical direction, horizontal direction and angle determines the release position of the rolling stone. The release system can simulate different rolling stone starting methods such as inclined sliding, vertical falling and rotating dumping; the slope simulation system controls the lifting of the first support device, Adjust the slope angle; The rear end of the slope simulation system is connected to the base through the first support device, the front end is connected to the base through the second support column, the rolling stone release system is fixed on the base through the first support column, and the rolling stone release system is fixed on the base through the second support The device is connected to the base, and the air pressure control system controls the opening and closing of the baffle at the front end of the rolling stone releasing system by controlling the cylinder of the rolling stone releasing system; the hydraulic control system includes an oil pump and an oil bag, and the oil pump is used to control the first supporting device and the second supporting device. The second support device is used for preliminary adjustment, and the oil bag is used to precisely adjust the telescopic height of the first support device and the second support device. 2. The rolling stone motion law model test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base comprises five grid-shaped steel structural members, and two adjacent members are connected by high-strength bolts. 3. The rock rolling law model test device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, said slope simulation system comprises a cuboid iron box-shaped structure, the iron box-shaped structure is 1.9m long, wide 1.5m, and the iron box-shaped structure The internal height of the structure is 10cm, and the interior is filled with 10cm high mold plaster material. The bottom of the iron box-shaped structure is connected to the connecting shaft through a jack, and the connecting shaft is connected to the base through connecting bolts. 4. The law of rolling rock motion model test device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, a first angle positioning ruler is installed on one side of the iron box-like structure of the slope simulation system. 5. rolling stone motion law model test device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described rolling stone release system comprises rolling stone release box and promotes cylinder, and rolling stone release box comprises push plate, and the two ends and the bottom of push plate are respectively connected with The left baffle, the right baffle and the lower baffle are connected by the push cylinder to the push plate. There is a cylinder placed outside the left baffle and the right baffle. The cylinder is connected by a horizontal connecting rod, which is connected with the front end baffle; The plate is connected with a horizontal sliding device through a plurality of pillars, and the horizontal sliding device is fixed on a right-angled side of the triangular support frame, and the other right-angled side of the triangular support frame is connected with a vertical sliding device, and the vertical sliding device is connected with the base. 6. rolling stone law of motion model test device as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described vertical sliding device comprises the second slideway that two parallels vertically place, is provided with fixed plate between the second slideway , the fixed plate is connected to the second slideway through a sliding bearing, an oil hydraulic jack is arranged under the fixed plate, and the oil hydraulic jack is connected to the base. 7. rolling stone law of motion model test device as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described horizontal slide device comprises the first slideway of two parallel horizontal placements, is placed on the first slideway and is connected with the first slideway. Cooperating horizontally placed connecting plates connected to the pillars. 8. The rolling stone motion law model test device as claimed in claim 5, wherein a second angle positioning ruler is arranged on one side of the rolling stone releasing box. 9. The rolling stone law of motion model test device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, one side of the model test device is provided with a coordinate cardboard. 10. the test method of rolling stone law of motion model test device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: A. Test block production, making the required test pieces for simulating rolling stone test block test; B. The slope simulation system fills, fills the simulated slope, and then grinds and levels it after it is formed; C. Set up the high-speed camera, set up the camera to the height that can record the panorama of the test block rolling, and adjust the angle so that the camera is perpendicular to the coordinate cardboard; D. Adjust the slope angle of the slope simulation system, start the oil pump, and adjust the slope angle until the first angle positioning ruler of the slope simulation system is assigned to the set angle; E. Adjust the angle of the rolling stone release box, start the oil pump, and adjust the angle of the rolling stone release box until the pointer of the second angle positioning ruler of the rolling stone release system is assigned to the test set angle; F. Rolling stone release height adjustment, start the oil pump, adjust the height of the release box until the height of the rolling stone release system reaches the set height; G. The rolling stone is released and recorded by camera. Before the test starts, turn on the camera, start the test, start the oil pump, adjust the angle of the release box, and when simulating a vertical fall, adjust the second angle positioning ruler to 50 degrees, and place the rolling stone test block according to The test design working condition is placed in the middle position behind the baffle of the rolling stone release box, the cylinder is turned on, the front baffle is opened instantaneously, and the test block falls; when simulating the inclined sliding rolling stone test, adjust the second angle positioning ruler to 24 degrees, The rest is the same as the vertical drop type; when simulating the rotating and dumping rolling stone test, adjust the second angle positioning ruler to specify 35 degrees, and place the test block on the inner angle iron plate of the release device box, and the rest are the same as the vertical drop type; H. Save the images and number them. After the rolling stone test block test is completed, save the video recorded by the camera and number them corresponding to the test conditions.