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CN104167466A - Surface passivation method for solar energy battery - Google Patents

Surface passivation method for solar energy battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104167466A
CN104167466A CN201410295070.4A CN201410295070A CN104167466A CN 104167466 A CN104167466 A CN 104167466A CN 201410295070 A CN201410295070 A CN 201410295070A CN 104167466 A CN104167466 A CN 104167466A
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film layer
sih
passivation film
passivation
silicon nitride
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CN201410295070.4A
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Inventor
黄纪德
蒋方丹
金浩
郭俊华
陈康平
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Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Jinko Solar Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Jinko Solar Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201410295070.4A priority Critical patent/CN104167466A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F71/00Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F71/129Passivating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0272Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/34Nitrides
    • C23C16/345Silicon nitride
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种太阳能电池的表面钝化方法,在镀膜工序制作减反射膜层时,采用CO2或CO2与SiH4作为反应气体,与太阳能电池硅片表面反应制作钝化膜层,然后在钝化膜层表面再镀一层氮化硅减反膜层;采用CO2作为反应气体时,CO2流量为500~15000sccm,射频功率为4000~8000W,时间为30~300s,钝化膜层的膜厚为5~20nm;采用CO2与SiH4作为反应气体时,CO2与SiH4的流量比例为1~45:1,射频功率为4000~8000W,时间为30~300s,钝化膜层的膜厚为5~20nm;本发明能有效提高太阳能电池的转换效率,节约生产成本,且与传统太阳能电池生产线兼容。

The invention discloses a surface passivation method of a solar cell. When an anti-reflection film layer is produced in a coating process, CO2 or CO2 and SiH4 are used as reaction gases to react with the surface of a silicon wafer of a solar cell to form a passivation film layer. Then coat a layer of silicon nitride anti-reflection film on the surface of the passivation film; when CO 2 is used as the reaction gas, the CO 2 flow rate is 500-15000 sccm, the radio frequency power is 4000-8000W, and the time is 30-300s. The thickness of the film layer is 5-20nm; when CO 2 and SiH 4 are used as reaction gases, the flow ratio of CO 2 and SiH 4 is 1-45:1, the radio frequency power is 4000-8000W, and the time is 30-300s. The film thickness of the chemical film layer is 5-20nm; the invention can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, save the production cost, and is compatible with the traditional solar cell production line.

Description

A kind of surface passivation method of solar cell
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for manufacturing solar battery, be specifically related to a kind of surface passivation method of solar cell.
Background technology
At present, along with solar battery sheet production technology is constantly progressive, production cost constantly reduces, and conversion efficiency improves constantly, and makes the day by day universal also fast development of application of photovoltaic generation, becomes gradually the important sources of supply of electric power.Solar battery sheet is a kind of photoelectric cell of power conversion, and it can become electric energy the power conversion of light under the irradiation of sunlight, thereby realizes photovoltaic generation.Produce the technique more complicated of cell piece, generally will pass through the key steps such as silicon chip detection, surface wool manufacturing, diffusion system knot, dephosphorization silex glass, plasma etching, coated with antireflection film, silk screen printing, Fast Sintering and detection packing.The reflectivity of the silicon chip surface before coated with antireflection film is 25%, in order to reduce surface reflection, improves the conversion efficiency of battery, need to deposit one deck silicon nitride anti-reflecting film.In industrial production, the normal PECVD equipment that adopts is prepared antireflective coating now.PECVD is plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.Its know-why is to utilize low temperature plasma to make energy source, and sample is placed on the negative electrode of glow discharge under low pressure, utilizes glow discharge to make sample be warmed up to predetermined temperature, then passes into appropriate reacting gas SiH 4and NH 3, gas is through series of chemical and plasma reaction, and at sample surfaces, forming solid film is silicon nitride film.Generally, use the film thickness of method deposition of this plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition in 80nm left and right.The film of thickness has the functional of optics like this.Utilize film interference principle, can make reflection of light greatly reduce, the short circuit current of battery and output are just increased considerably, and efficiency also has suitable raising.How further to improve battery conversion efficiency, reduce costs and become present important topic.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of surface passivation method of solar cell, can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of solar cell, save production cost, and compatible with conventional solar cell production line, be suitable for large-scale production.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is: a kind of surface passivation method of solar cell, is characterized in that: when filming process is made antireflection film layer, adopt CO 2or CO 2with SiH 4as reacting gas, make passivation film with silicon chip of solar cell surface reaction, then on passivation film surface, plate again one deck silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer;
Adopt CO 2concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2, at silicon chip surface, generate one deck passivation film, described CO 2flow is 500~15000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 4000~8000W, and the time is 30~300s, and the thickness of described passivation film is 5~20nm, and refractive index is 2.0~2.1;
(3), after passivation film completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film surface deposition one deck, described NH 3with SiH 4flow proportional be 1~45:1, the thickness of described silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 10~100nm, refractive index is 1.8~2.5;
Adopt CO 2with SiH 4concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2with SiH 4, at silicon chip surface, generate one deck passivation film, described CO 2with SiH 4flow be that ratio is 1~45:1, radio-frequency power is 4000~8000W, the time is 30~300s, the thickness of described passivation film is 5~20nm, refractive index is 2.0~2.1;
(3), after passivation film completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film surface deposition one deck, described NH 3with SiH 4flow proportional be 1~45:1, the thickness of described silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 10~100nm, refractive index is 1.8~2.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is by the gas formulation of optimal design plated film and the rete form of plated film, make solar battery efficiency have the lifting of 0.1% left and right, save production cost, and compatible with conventional solar cell production line, be suitable for large-scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation after the passivation of embodiment of the present invention solar cell surface.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
A surface passivation method for solar cell, when filming process is made antireflection film layer, adopts CO 2or CO 2with SiH 4as reacting gas, make passivation film 2 with silicon chip of solar cell 1 surface reaction, then on passivation film 2 surfaces, plate again one deck silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer 3(as shown in Figure 1).
Embodiment 1: a kind of surface passivation method of solar cell, adopts CO 2concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip 1 is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2, at silicon chip 1 Surface Creation one deck passivation film 2, described CO 2flow is 2000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 5000W, and the time is 250s, and the thickness of passivation film is 10nm, and refractive index is 2.03;
(3) after passivation film 2 completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film 2 surface deposition one deck, described NH 3flow be 7000sccm, SiH 4flow be that the thickness of silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 80nm described in 680sccm, refractive index is 2.06.
Embodiment 2: the surface passivation method of another kind of solar cell, adopts CO 2with SiH 4concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip 1 is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2with SiH 4, at silicon chip 1 Surface Creation one deck passivation film 2, described CO 2with SiH 4flow be that ratio is 20:1, radio-frequency power is 5500W, the time is 120s, the thickness of passivation film is 8nm, refractive index is 2.05;
(3) after passivation film 2 completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film 2 surface deposition one deck, described NH 3flow be 6800sccm, SiH 4flow be that the thickness of silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 83nm described in 720sccm, refractive index is 2.08.
Embodiment 3: the surface passivation method of the third solar cell, adopts CO 2concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip 1 is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2, at silicon chip 1 Surface Creation one deck passivation film 2, described CO 2flow is 500sccm, and radio-frequency power is 4000W, and the time is 30s, and the thickness of passivation film is 5nm, and refractive index is 2.0;
(3) after passivation film 2 completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film 2 surface deposition one deck, described NH 3flow be 7000sccm, SiH 4flow be that the thickness of silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 70nm described in 680sccm, refractive index is 2.0.
The surface passivation method of 4: the four kinds of solar cells of embodiment, adopts CO 2with SiH 4concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip 1 is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2with SiH 4, at silicon chip 1 Surface Creation one deck passivation film 2, described CO 2with SiH 4flow be that ratio is 10:1, radio-frequency power is 8000W, the time is 300s, the thickness of passivation film is 5nm, refractive index is 2.0;
(3) after passivation film 2 completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film 2 surface deposition one deck, described NH 3flow be 6800sccm, SiH 4flow be that the thickness of silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 75nm described in 720sccm, refractive index is 2.1.
The surface passivation method of 5: the five kinds of solar cells of embodiment, adopts CO 2concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip 1 is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2, at silicon chip 1 Surface Creation one deck passivation film 2, described CO 2flow is 15000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 8000W, and the time is 300s, and the thickness of passivation film is 20nm, and refractive index is 2.1;
(3) after passivation film 2 completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film 2 surface deposition one deck, described NH 3flow be 9000sccm, SiH 4flow be that the thickness of silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 100nm described in 880sccm, refractive index is 2.5.
The surface passivation method of 6: the six kinds of solar cells of embodiment, adopts CO 2with SiH 4concrete steps during as reacting gas are as follows:
(1) P type polysilicon chip 1 is completed to the diffusion of sour making herbs into wool, phosphorus, etching matting is placed in film coating equipment;
(2) in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas CO 2with SiH 4, at silicon chip 1 Surface Creation one deck passivation film 2, described CO 2with SiH 4flow be that ratio is 45:1, radio-frequency power is 8000W, the time is 300s, the thickness of passivation film is 20nm, refractive index is 2.1;
(3) after passivation film 2 completes, in filming equipment, pass into reacting gas NH 3and SiH 4, at the uniform silicon nitride film layer of passivation film 2 surface deposition one deck, described NH 3flow be 8800 sccm, SiH 4flow be that the thickness of silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 100nm described in 920sccm, refractive index is 2.5.

Claims (1)

1.一种太阳能电池的表面钝化方法,其特征在于:在镀膜工序制作减反射膜层时,采用CO2或CO2与SiH4作为反应气体,与太阳能电池硅片(1)表面反应制作钝化膜层(2),然后在钝化膜层(2)表面再镀一层氮化硅减反膜层(3); 1. A surface passivation method for a solar cell, characterized in that: when the anti-reflection film layer is made in the coating process, CO2 or CO2 and SiH4 are used as reaction gases to react with the surface of the solar cell silicon wafer (1) A passivation film layer (2), and then a silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer (3) is coated on the surface of the passivation film layer (2); 采用CO2作为反应气体时的具体步骤如下: The specific steps when CO2 is used as the reaction gas are as follows: 1)将P型多晶硅片(1)完成酸制绒、磷扩散、刻蚀清洗工序后置于镀膜机台中; 1) Put the P-type polysilicon wafer (1) in the coating machine after completing acid texturing, phosphorus diffusion, etching and cleaning processes; 2)在镀膜设备中通入反应气体CO2,在硅片(1)表面生成一层钝化膜层(2),所述CO2流量为500~15000sccm,射频功率为4000~8000W,时间为30~300s,所述钝化膜层的膜厚为5~20nm,折射率为2.0~2.1; 2) Pass reaction gas CO 2 into the coating equipment to form a passivation film layer (2) on the surface of the silicon wafer (1), the CO 2 flow rate is 500-15000 sccm, the radio frequency power is 4000-8000W, and the time is 30-300s, the film thickness of the passivation film layer is 5-20nm, and the refractive index is 2.0-2.1; 3)钝化膜层(2)制作完成后,在镀膜设备中通入反应气体NH3和SiH4,在钝化膜层(2)表面沉积一层均匀的氮化硅膜层,所述NH3与SiH4的流量比例为1~45:1,所述氮化硅减反膜层的膜厚为10~100nm,折射率为1.8~2.5; 3) After the passivation film layer (2) is produced, the reactive gases NH 3 and SiH 4 are introduced into the coating equipment, and a uniform silicon nitride film layer is deposited on the surface of the passivation film layer (2). The NH The flow ratio of 3 to SiH 4 is 1-45:1, the thickness of the silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 10-100 nm, and the refractive index is 1.8-2.5; 采用CO2与SiH4作为反应气体时的具体步骤如下: The specific steps when using CO2 and SiH4 as reaction gases are as follows: 1)将P型多晶硅片(1)完成酸制绒、磷扩散、刻蚀清洗工序后置于镀膜机台中; 1) Put the P-type polysilicon wafer (1) in the coating machine after completing acid texturing, phosphorus diffusion, etching and cleaning processes; 2)在镀膜设备中通入反应气体CO2与SiH4,在硅片(1)表面生成一层钝化膜层(2),所述CO2与SiH4的流量为比例为1~45:1,射频功率为4000~8000W,时间为30~300s,所述钝化膜层的膜厚为5~20nm,折射率为2.0~2.1; 2) Feed reaction gases CO 2 and SiH 4 into the coating equipment to form a passivation film layer (2) on the surface of the silicon wafer (1), the flow ratio of CO 2 and SiH 4 is 1-45: 1. The radio frequency power is 4000-8000W, the time is 30-300s, the film thickness of the passivation film is 5-20nm, and the refractive index is 2.0-2.1; 3)钝化膜层(2)制作完成后,在镀膜设备中通入反应气体NH3和SiH4,在钝化膜层(2)表面沉积一层均匀的氮化硅膜层,所述NH3与SiH4的流量比例为1~45:1,所述氮化硅减反膜层的膜厚为10~100nm,折射率为1.8~2.5。 3) After the passivation film layer (2) is produced, the reactive gases NH 3 and SiH 4 are introduced into the coating equipment, and a uniform silicon nitride film layer is deposited on the surface of the passivation film layer (2). The NH The flow ratio of 3 to SiH 4 is 1-45:1, the thickness of the silicon nitride anti-reflection film layer is 10-100 nm, and the refractive index is 1.8-2.5.
CN201410295070.4A 2014-06-27 2014-06-27 Surface passivation method for solar energy battery Pending CN104167466A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112201727A (en) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-08 浙江晶科能源有限公司 Manufacturing method of photovoltaic device
CN113937192A (en) * 2021-07-30 2022-01-14 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 Preparation method of amorphous silicon passivation layer of silicon heterojunction solar cell

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US20120145185A1 (en) * 2009-08-24 2012-06-14 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Method for cleaning the surface of a silicon substrate
CN102931284A (en) * 2012-11-14 2013-02-13 东方电气集团(宜兴)迈吉太阳能科技有限公司 Method for preparing SiOx-SiNx laminated films of crystal silicon solar cell
CN103094366A (en) * 2013-01-25 2013-05-08 中山大学 Solar cell passivation antireflection film and preparation technology and method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120145185A1 (en) * 2009-08-24 2012-06-14 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Method for cleaning the surface of a silicon substrate
CN102931284A (en) * 2012-11-14 2013-02-13 东方电气集团(宜兴)迈吉太阳能科技有限公司 Method for preparing SiOx-SiNx laminated films of crystal silicon solar cell
CN103094366A (en) * 2013-01-25 2013-05-08 中山大学 Solar cell passivation antireflection film and preparation technology and method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112201727A (en) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-08 浙江晶科能源有限公司 Manufacturing method of photovoltaic device
CN113937192A (en) * 2021-07-30 2022-01-14 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 Preparation method of amorphous silicon passivation layer of silicon heterojunction solar cell

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Application publication date: 20141126