CN104163710A - Fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer special for green vegetables and application of fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular relates to a special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables and its application. The invention provides a fully water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for green vegetables, which comprises the following components in terms of mass percentage: 39-48% of urea; 15-23% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 16-19% of potassium chloride; polypropylene Amide (PAM) 15-20%. The special fully water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables provided by the invention improves the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of vegetables on the basis of selecting a balanced formula fertilizer, and curbs the deterioration trend of facility soil. Simultaneously, the formula fertilizer of the present invention effectively increases the yield of the vegetables, improves the quality of the vegetables, increases the total amount of free amino acids, vitamin C and total soluble sugars of the vegetables, and greatly reduces the nitrate content of the vegetables.

Description

A special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for green vegetables and its application

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular relates to a special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables and its application.

Background technique

Vegetables, as one of the essential foods in people's daily diet, provide the human body with various essential vitamins and minerals and other nutrients, and are recognized as a source of health benefits. Therefore, the vegetable industry is not only the leading industry in modern agricultural production, but also a vegetable blue project that affects the living standards of residents. Vegetable planting is routinely carried out in the field cultivation method, and vegetables are cultivated in a natural ecological environment without any heat preservation facilities, that is, open-air vegetables. However, open-air vegetable cultivation is greatly affected by seasonal and natural environment restrictions, and it is impossible to provide residents with seasonal vegetables in anti-season.

In recent years, facility vegetable cultivation is a kind of high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation that uses artificial or modern agricultural engineering and mechanical technology to build certain facilities to provide suitable environmental conditions such as temperature, light, water, and air for vegetable crops. The method is continuously promoted and applied. Since the season of protected vegetable cultivation is often difficult to achieve in open field production, it is usually called off-season cultivation, protected cultivation, etc. The use of protected cultivation can avoid the harm of low temperature, high temperature, heavy rain, strong light and other adversities to vegetable production. It has been widely used in vegetable seedling cultivation, early spring and autumn delayed cultivation. Facility vegetables are high-input, high-output, capital-, technology- and labor-intensive industries. The technological content of facility vegetables is high, and the speed and degree of facility vegetable development are one of the important symbols of a local agricultural modernization level.

At present, with the start-up and establishment of the facility leafy vegetable production base project and the demonstration and promotion of supporting cultivation techniques, the cultivation techniques and product quality of facility vegetables have been continuously improved. However, since the facility environment is different from the open field, blind fertilization and water use are more likely to cause deterioration of the soil properties of the vegetable field, nutritional imbalance of the vegetable plant, and decline in quality and flavor. How to scientifically and effectively couple the water and fertilizer links in the production process of facility vegetables, and carry out scientific management of water and fertilizer in the field according to the characteristics of water and fertilizer requirements of vegetables has become the key to restricting the high-quality and efficient production of facility vegetables.

Green vegetables, as a main green leafy vegetable variety for daily consumption, are also exploring and researching facility cultivation, how to integrate water and fertilizer management, implement fertilization while irrigating, improve soil water and fertilizer use efficiency, and curb facility soil deterioration Therefore, it is still a problem to be solved urgently to effectively improve the yield and quality of green vegetables.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables and its application, which can effectively improve the quality and yield of vegetables in greenhouses, and effectively improve the nutrients and water content of vegetables during the entire growth period. utilization efficiency.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a special all-water-soluble spray drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables, which comprises the following components in terms of mass percentage:

Urea 39-48%;

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-23%;

Potassium chloride 16-19%;

Polyacrylamide (PAM) 15-20%.

Preferably, the special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for green vegetables of the present invention is a special formula fertilizer for green vegetables in facilities.

The fully water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer refers to a multi-component compound fertilizer that is completely soluble in water and suitable for use in sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation systems.

Preferably, the urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and polyacrylamide are all first-class industrial products. After its application, it can promote the growth of green vegetables in facilities.

Preferably, the CAS number of the urea is 57-13-6; the CAS number of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 7778-77-0; the CAS number of the potassium chloride is 7447-40-7; The CAS number of polyacrylamide is 9003-05-8.

Preferably, the polyacrylamide is nonionic polyacrylamide.

Preferably, the special formula fertilizer for vegetables in the facility is composed of urea (containing N46%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing P ₂ O ₅ 52%, K ₂ O 34%), potassium chloride (containing K ₂ O 63%), poly Acrylamide (containing PAM100%) is mixed.

Wherein, N accounts for 18-22% by mass of the formula fertilizer; P ₂ O ₅ accounts for 8%-12% by mass of the formula fertilizer; K ₂ O accounts for 15-15% by mass of the formula fertilizer. 20%; the mass percentage of PAM in the formula fertilizer is 15-20%.

More preferably, the mass percentage of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O:PAM contained in the special formula fertilizer for facility vegetables is: 1.9:1:1.6:1.5. The formula fertilizer with the above mass percentage has the best effect on promoting the growth of green vegetables.

In the fertilizer of the present invention, the urea with high nitrogen content is selected for use in the nitrogen fertilizer variety for testing. The aboveground growth and yield of leafy vegetables are directly affected by the supply level of nitrogen nutrition. The selection of urea with high nitrogen content can ensure the demand for nitrogen nutrition in the whole growth period of green vegetables and promote the rapid growth of green vegetables.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is selected as the phosphorus in the fertilizer of the invention, which has good solubility and fast fertilizer effect, can meet the demand for phosphorus in the development of the root system of vegetables, and promote the growth of the root system.

Potassium in the fertilizer of the present invention is derived from potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Sufficient supply of potassium nutrition can promote the photosynthesis of vegetables, improve the quality of vegetables, and can also improve the stress resistance of vegetables in facilities.

In the fertilizer of the present invention, PAM is applied to the soil as a water-retaining agent, which can improve the water-retaining performance of the soil, increase water infiltration, and provide relatively superior conditions for the growth of vegetables, thereby promoting the growth and development of vegetables and increasing the yield of vegetables.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a special fully water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for green vegetables, which is to mix and pulverize all the components of the formula fertilizer according to the components of the formula fertilizer and their mass percentages, and stir them evenly to obtain .

The present invention further provides a method for using a special all-water-soluble spray drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables, which specifically includes the following steps:

1) Before fertilization, the formula fertilizer components are mixed and pulverized according to their mass percentages, stirred evenly, dissolved and diluted for later use;

2) The formula fertilizer as described in step 1) is used as base manure before the cabbage seedlings are transplanted and green cabbage is flourishing as topdressing fertilizer for a long time, and is added to the soil by spraying and drip irrigation.

Preferably, the water used for dissolving and diluting as described in step 1) is tap water.

Preferably, the amount of water for dissolving and diluting as described in step 1) is to add 1000L of water per 1kg of formula fertilizer.

Further, in the water consumption for dissolution and dilution, based on the total water consumption, the water consumption for dissolution accounts for 0.5-1% of the total water consumption, and the water consumption for dilution accounts for 99-99.5% of the total water consumption . Specifically, for every 1 kg of formula fertilizer, the water consumption for dissolving is 5-10 L of water, and the water consumption for dilution is 990-995 L of water.

Preferably, as the formula fertilizer described in step 2), according to the total usage of formula fertilizer, the formula fertilizer used as base manure accounts for 50-60% of the total usage of formula fertilizer, and the formula fertilizer used as topdressing accounts for 50-60% of formula fertilizer. 40-50% of the total fertilizer usage.

Preferably, as described in step 2), the drip irrigation method adopts micro-spray irrigation or drip irrigation technology. Further, the irrigation quota of the drip irrigation method is 20m ³ /mu, and the irrigation cycle is 4 days/time.

Preferably, the dosage of the special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables is 6-8kg/mu.

Finally, the present invention discloses the use of the above-mentioned special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetable cultivation in vegetable cultivation.

Preferably, the use is the use of the above-mentioned special all-water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for green vegetables in the field of protected vegetable cultivation.

The present invention provides a special fully water-soluble spray and drip irrigation formula fertilizer for vegetables through the research on the special formula fertilizer for vegetables and its application method. and potassium use efficiency increased by 9.2%, 47.9%, 30.0% and 38.7% respectively, curbing the trend of soil deterioration in facilities. Simultaneously, the formula fertilizer of the present invention effectively improves the output of green vegetables, and after actual fertilization, the plant height, the number of leaves, and the leaf area of the green vegetables in the harvest period are improved, and the plant weight of green vegetables is increased by 5.6%, and the yield per mu is increased by more than 4.0%. In addition, the formula fertilizer of the invention can effectively improve the quality of vegetables, increase the total amount of free amino acids, vitamin C and total soluble sugar of vegetables, and greatly reduce the nitrate content of vegetables.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the production process and application method of a special all-water-soluble spray drip irrigation formula fertilizer for green vegetables

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Preparation of full water-soluble spray and drip irrigation fertilizer for green vegetables

1) Quantitatively weigh 450kg of large particle urea, 220kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 165kg of potassium chloride, and 165kg of polyacrylamide; in terms of mass percentage, urea is 45%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 22%, potassium chloride 16.5%, Polyacrylamide 16.5%; wherein, polyacrylamide is anionic polyacrylamide.

2) Mix according to the above proportions, and after pulverization, fully stir and mix to obtain 1000kg of green vegetable special formula fertilizer.

3) Add 5L of water to dissolve the formula fertilizer per 1kg of formula fertilizer, and add 995L of water to dilute it, and then use it directly in the drip irrigation system, wherein the usage of formula fertilizer as base fertilizer accounts for 60% of the total usage of formula fertilizer , the usage amount of formula fertilizer as topdressing accounts for 40% of the total usage amount of described formula fertilizer.

The green vegetables special formula fertilizer mixed according to the above ratio contains about 50% of macronutrient elements (N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O), including 21% of nitrogen (N), 11% of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), Potassium (K ₂ O) 18%; the ratio of the three elements (N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O) is 1.9:1:1.6, and the PAM content is about 17%.

2. Experimental method

Carried out regional comparative test on greenhouse green vegetables, adopt conventional fertilization (21-8-11 compound fertilizer, the lion horse brand compound fertilizer purchased from BASF company) as contrast, do not fertilize and handle as blank group CK, special formula fertilizer of the present invention for the experimental group.

Fertilizer, water consumption and usage method: formula fertilizer and conventional compound fertilizer fertilization total amount are all calculated by 6kg/mu among the present invention; Conventional compound fertilizers were artificially spread, and formula fertilizers were fertilized by drip irrigation. They were applied once in the base before transplanting and topdressed once in the long-term. The total amount of irrigation water is calculated as 20m ³ /mu, and the irrigation cycle is 4 days/time; other cultivation and field management, the present invention is strictly consistent with the control measures.

Experimental group of the present invention, control group and blank group each process 3 repetitions, altogether 9 sub-districts, each sub-district is long 12m, wide 1.5m. The green vegetable variety is Xinxiaqing No. 2, which is transplanted by seedling cultivation, and the planting density is 270 plants/plot. The date of transplanting was August 10, and the harvest was on September 20. The pH of the tested soil was 5.62, the electrical conductivity was 0.08ms/cm, the organic matter was 3.13%, the total salt was 1.33%, and the alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 210.19, 150.08, and 421.04 mg/kg, respectively.

3. Experimental results

3.1 Yield experiment results

Table 1 shows the plant growth (plant height, number of leaves and leaf area) of green vegetables at the harvest stage. The plant height, number of leaves and leaf area of the formula fertilizer of the present invention are higher than those of the control group with conventional fertilization and no fertilization blank at the harvest stage of vegetables, wherein the difference in plant height and leaf area reaches a significant level, and the quality of vegetables is improved.

As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the formula fertilizer of the present invention has a good effect on improving the yield of green vegetables. Compared with conventional fertilization, the application of the formula fertilizer of the present invention makes the plant weight of green vegetables increase by 5.6%, and the total output of green vegetables per mu increases by more than 4.0%.

Table 1 Plant height, leaf number and leaf area of Chinese cabbage harvested under different fertilization treatments

deal with Plant height (cm) number of blades Leaf area (cm ² ) conventional fertilization 28.5±0.4b 21.4±0.4a 540.2±20.7b Vegetable Special Formula Fertilizer 32.4±1.2a 22.5±0.2a 602.5±35.2a CK 27.4±0.6b 16.1±0.2a 528.5±22.6b

Table 2 Yield change of green cabbage under different fertilization treatments

deal with Weight per plant (g) Yield (kg/mu) Production increase compared with CK (%) conventional fertilization 428.5±30.4a 1654.1±52.4a 23.12 Vegetable Special Formula Fertilizer 452.4±28.6a 1720.3±59.7a 28.04 CK 417.4±24.6a 1343.5±40.7b -

3.2 Quality test results

Table 3 The quality indexes of Chinese cabbage under different fertilization treatments

As can be seen from Table 3, the formula fertilizer of the present invention can improve the quality of green vegetables, so that the total amount of free amino acids, vitamin C and total soluble sugars of vegetables can be improved. Although the fertilization treatment increases the nitrate content of the vegetables, compared with conventional fertilization, the application of the formula fertilizer of the present invention can greatly reduce the nitrate content of the vegetables. According to the food hygiene grading standard of nitrate content in the edible part of vegetables, under the condition of no fertilization blank treatment in this experiment, the nitrate content in green vegetable leaves was the second grade (<785mg·kg ^-1 ), which was within the safe range of salted and cooked food. , the application of the formula fertilizer of the present invention and the control of conventional fertilization, the nitrate content in the leaves of green vegetables are all grade 3 (<1440mg·kg ^-1 ), all within the allowable safe range for cooked food.

3.3 Experimental results of utilization efficiency

According to the formulas of plant water use efficiency and nutrient use efficiency, the water and fertilizer use efficiency of green vegetables under different fertilization treatments were calculated respectively. Calculated as follows:

(1) Plant water use efficiency = dry matter accumulation/transpiration × 100%;

(2) Plant nutrient use efficiency = (nutrient uptake in fertilized area - nutrient uptake in no-fertilizer area)/nutrient input x 100%.

As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the formula fertilizer of the present invention can improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of vegetables. Compared with the conventional fertilization contrast, the application of the formula fertilizer of the present invention can improve the water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium utilization efficiency of vegetables by 9.2%, 47.9%, respectively. %, 30.0%, 38.7%.

Table 4 Water and fertilizer use efficiency of green vegetables with different fertilization treatments

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the special-purpose full water-soluble of green vegetables sprays a drip irrigation formula fertilizer, by percentage to the quality, comprises following component:

Urea 39-48%;

Potassium primary phosphate 15-23%;

Repone K 16-19%;

Polyacrylamide 15-20%.

2. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 1 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that, the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of described green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer is facility green vegetables formula fertilizers.

3. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 1 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that, described polyacrylamide is non-ionic polyacrylamide.

4. according to the preparation method of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of the arbitrary described a kind of green vegetables of claim 1-3 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, for according to each component and the mass percent thereof of described formula fertilizer, the all components of formula fertilizer is mixed and pulverized, after stirring, obtain.

5. according to the using method of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of the arbitrary described a kind of green vegetables of claim 1-3 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, specifically comprise the following steps:

1) before fertilising, after formula fertilizer component is mixed by its mass percent and pulverizing, stir, dissolve, dilute stand-by afterwards;

2) using as step 1) as described in formula fertilizer at green vegetables seedling replanting previous crops, be that base manure and green vegetables are prosperous long-term as topdressing respectively, and be exerted into soil by spray drip irrigation.

6. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 5 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that step 1) in, the water consumption of described dissolving, dilution is to add 1000L water in every 1kg formula fertilizer.

7. the special-purpose full water-soluble of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 5 sprays drip irrigation formula fertilizer, it is characterized in that, step 2) in, by total usage quantity of formula fertilizer, the formula fertilizer using as base manure accounts for the 50-60% of total usage quantity of formula fertilizer, and the formula fertilizer using as topdressing accounts for the 40-50% of total usage quantity of formula fertilizer.

8. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 5 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that step 2) in, described spray drip irrigation is microspray irrigation or drip irrigation; The irrigation quota of described spray drip irrigation is 20m ³/ mu, be 4 days/time irrigation frequency.

9. according to the special-purpose full water-soluble of the arbitrary described a kind of green vegetables of claim 1-3, spray the purposes of drip irrigation formula fertilizer in green vegetables cultivation.

10. the purposes of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 9 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that, described purposes is that the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of described green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer is in the purposes of facility green vegetables cultivation field.