CN104150998B - A kind of preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding plant ash to papermaking black liquor, adding 0.08g to 0.125g of plant ash to each milliliter of papermaking black liquor, and heating the mixture at 35°C to 45°C (2) adjust the pH value of the raw material mixture prepared in step (1) between 3.0 and 8.0 with phosphoric acid, and add nitrogen-containing additives so that the mass of nitrogen accounts for the dry matter The mass ratio is between 3% and 5% to obtain an organic-inorganic compound liquid; (3) drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 120°C to 140°C to obtain the organic Inorganic compound fertilizer. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer provided by the invention utilizes papermaking black liquor as a raw material, has low cost, is environmentally friendly, has high fertilization efficiency, and has little nitrogen loss.

Description

A kind of preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and more specifically relates to a preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

Background technique

As an important part of crop nutrient elements, fertilizer plays a key role in improving the yield of crops. my country is now able to feed 21% of the world's population with 7% of the world's arable land, which is closely related to the large-scale application of fertilizers, especially chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers have the characteristics of fast and efficient fertilizer efficiency, but at the same time, they also have great disadvantages, such as the decline in the quality of crop products, chemical degradation of soil, and increased air and water pollution. With the rise of sustainable ecological agriculture, the advantages of organic fertilizers to improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties, fertilize soil, long and stable fertilizer efficiency, and good ecological benefits have attracted people's attention, but the effect of organic fertilizers is relatively slow. The shortcomings of heavy volume and inconvenient storage and transportation have inhibited the promotion of organic fertilizers.

In recent years, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has been highly valued in the agricultural field as a new type of fertilizer. Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer refers to the fertilizer obtained by mixing organic materials and chemical fertilizers in a certain proportion, and compounding (mixing) the two using various manufacturing processes. It overcomes the problems of low nutrient content of organic fertilizers, not easy to decompose, large weight and volume, inconvenient storage and transportation, and inability to meet the requirements of high crop yields in time, and the problems of single nutrient, short fertilizer efficiency, long-term application of inorganic fertilizers, destroying soil structure, and polluting the environment. On the one hand, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer increases the content of soil organic matter, exerts the ability of humus, an important substance in soil organic matter, to absorb nutrient ions, improves the soil's fertilizer retention performance, and reduces nutrient loss; , High-efficiency fertilizer effect characteristics, can supply the growth and development of crops in time.

At present, most manufacturers of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers use humic acid or weathered coal as organic raw materials. These substances are non-renewable energy sources, and uncontrolled use will inevitably lead to a serious shortage of resources. When preparing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, it needs to go through processes such as granulation, drying, cooling, and bacterial agent spraying. The steps are cumbersome and complex equipment is required. And the ratio of organic component and inorganic component in the formula of existing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is not identical, and when organic component is too much, causes yield increase rate not obvious; When inorganic component is too much, fertilizer effect is short, and environmental pollution is serious.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the purpose of which is to prepare organic compound fertilizer by adjusting the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements by combining plant ash and papermaking black liquor as raw materials. Inorganic compound fertilizer, thereby solving the technical problems of unbalanced organic and inorganic compound fertilizer elements or high production costs, and at the same time solving the problems of dust and large fertilizer loss caused by using plant ash alone as fertilizer.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is provided, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw material mixture: adding plant ash to papermaking black liquor, adding 0.08 g to 0.125 g of plant ash to each milliliter of papermaking black liquor, and mixing evenly at 35°C to 45°C to obtain a raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value between 3.0 and 8.0 with the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1) with phosphoric acid, and add nitrogen-containing additives, so that the mass of nitrogen accounts for the ratio of dry matter mass Between 3% and 5%, an organic-inorganic compound liquid is obtained;

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 120° C. to 140° C. to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the step (2) uses phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value of the raw material mixture between 5.16 and 6.08.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-containing additive is one or a mixture of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-containing additive is potassium nitrate.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the nitrogen-containing additive is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 2:1. .

Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer provided by the invention effectively utilizes the papermaking black liquor. The processing cost of papermaking black liquor is too high, and direct discharge will cause water pollution. The invention solves the problem of papermaking black liquor pollution or treatment cost; at the same time, fully utilizes organic resources such as lignin and hemicellulose in papermaking black liquor, which not only saves costs , produces good economic benefits, reduces pollution and is environmentally friendly.

(2) Plant ash is used as a potassium source, and at the same time as an adsorbent to absorb organic matter in papermaking black liquor, and contains phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and trace nutrients such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, and molybdenum. However, using plant ash alone as fertilizer is likely to cause dust and air pollution, and at the same time, the loss is relatively large. According to the invention, plant ash is added to the papermaking black liquor to produce a compound fertilizer, which is convenient to use and does not cause dust, and plant ash is fixed in the organic components of the papermaking black liquor, so the fertilization efficiency is high.

(3) The present invention uses phosphoric acid as a regulator, which not only regulates the pH but also provides phosphorus nutrients.

(4) First adjust the pH of plant ash and papermaking black liquor to acidity, and then add nitrogen-containing additives to avoid the loss of ammonium nitrogen.

(5) The compound fertilizer provided by the invention is dried at a high temperature, and at the same time plays the role of sterilizing and killing insect eggs, without additional use of fungicides, such as quicklime and the like. At the same time, in order to avoid the thermal decomposition of nitrogen-containing additives caused by the high-temperature drying process, the present invention uses ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate as nitrogen-containing additives, especially the mixture of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate as nitrogen-containing additives, which reduces the use of additives on the one hand. On the other hand, excessive thermal decomposition of nitrogen-containing additives is avoided, and the production cost of compound fertilizers is generally reduced. Therefore, the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer provided by the present invention has easy-to-obtain raw materials, does not require complex equipment, and greatly reduces production costs.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw material mixture: adding plant ash to papermaking black liquor, adding 0.08 g to 0.125 g of plant ash to each milliliter of papermaking black liquor, and mixing evenly at 35°C to 45°C to obtain a raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value of the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1) between 3.0 and 8.0 with phosphoric acid, preferably between 5.16 and 6.08, and add nitrogen-containing additives, so that The ratio of the mass of nitrogen to the mass of dry matter is between 3% and 5%, and an organic-inorganic compound liquid is obtained. The nitrogen-containing additive is a mixture of one or both of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and the effect of using potassium nitrate alone is better than using ammonium nitrate alone. Preferably, the nitrogen-containing additive is ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 2:1 mixed mixture.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 120° C. to 140° C. to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

Plant ash: Plant ash produced by the farm. It is a kind of gray-black powder produced by burning trees, straw and weeds. Plant ash is rich in potassium, and also contains phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and trace nutrients such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum. element. Plant ash is the ashes left after firewood is burned, and is commonly used as farm fertilizer. Plant ash contains almost all the mineral elements contained in plants. Its composition is mainly potassium element, generally containing 6-12% potassium, so it is generally called plant ash as potassium fertilizer. In addition, plant ash also contains calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other micronutrients. In addition to supplying potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and various trace elements, plant ash can also reduce soil acidity, activate nitrogen in soil organic matter, and effectively reduce diseases. However, because of its lightness, looseness and small particle size, plant ash is easy to be blown off during transportation and application and pollutes the environment; at the same time, the amount of nitrogen and organic matter in plant ash is very small.

Papermaking black liquor: taken from a paper mill, containing 0.34g/L nitrogen, 0.0445g/L phosphorus, 2.58g/L potassium, 57.19g/L organic matter, pH 9-10. As a traditional manufacturing industry, the papermaking industry produces a large amount of papermaking black liquor, which brings serious pollution problems. Black liquor is the black liquid left after wood chips are cooked (alkali) and filtered to obtain fibrous substances during the chemical pulping process. Papermaking black liquor contains a lot of fibers, pigments and inorganic salts, which will turn the water black and have a special foul smell; the BOD of papermaking black liquor containing high concentrations of organic pollutants can reach 5000-40000g/L, which will be consumed in large quantities The dissolved oxygen in the water affects the water quality; and the large amount of alkaline substances in the black liquor will cause the pH value of the water to rise sharply and destroy the balance of the water environment. The pollutants contained in black liquor account for more than 90% of the pollution discharge of papermaking enterprises, and it is one of the largest sources of water pollution in my country. At present, the treatment methods of papermaking black liquor are mainly divided into physical treatment, physical and chemical treatment, biological treatment, chemical treatment and so on. However, these methods for treating papermaking black liquor are all to separate or degrade the organic matter in the black liquor. The content of organic matter in papermaking black liquor is relatively high. If all of them are degraded, a large amount of chemicals will be consumed, and at the same time, the organic matter in black liquor cannot be effectively used, resulting in low efficiency.

Phosphoric acid: It is a common inorganic acid and is the raw material for the production of phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Potassium nitrate: colorless transparent prismatic or white granular or crystalline powder. Potassium nitrate belongs to binary compound fertilizer. Potassium nitrate is a chlorine-free potassium and nitrogen compound fertilizer. The total content of plant nutrients potassium and nitrogen can reach about 60%, and it has good physical and chemical properties. Potassium nitrate is widely used in the agricultural market.

Ammonium nitrate: It is a colorless, odorless transparent crystal or white crystal, easily soluble in water. Is the main nitrogen fertilizer.

The following are examples:

Example 1

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of the raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to the papermaking black liquor, add 0.1 g of plant ash to each milliliter of the papermaking black liquor, and stir at 40°C to obtain the raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1) is adjusted to pH 5.18 with phosphoric acid, and nitrogen-containing additive is added, and nitrogen-containing additive potassium nitrate 0.08 is added to every milliliter of papermaking black liquor to obtain organic Inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 130° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is determined to have 4.74% total nitrogen, 16.65% total phosphorus, 4.71% potassium, and 20.54% organic matter.

Example 2

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of the raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to the papermaking black liquor, add 0.08 g of plant ash to each milliliter of the papermaking black liquor, and stir at 35°C to obtain the raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1), adjust the pH value to 5.17 with phosphoric acid, and add nitrogen-containing additives, add nitrogen-containing potassium nitrate 0.067g per milliliter of papermaking black liquor, and obtain Organic-inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 120° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has a total nitrogen content of 3.08%, a total phosphorus content of 15.81%, a potassium content of 12.98%, and an organic matter content of 20.66%.

Example 3

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of the raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to the papermaking black liquor, add 0.083 g of plant ash to each milliliter of the papermaking black liquor, and stir at 45°C to obtain the raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1) is adjusted to pH 5.16 with phosphoric acid, and nitrogen-containing additives are added, and nitrogen-containing additives ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate are added to every milliliter of papermaking black liquor according to 0.05 g of the mixture with a mass ratio of 2:1 was obtained to obtain an organic-inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 140° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is determined to have 4.74% total nitrogen, 16.65% total phosphorus, 4.71% potassium, and 20.54% organic matter.

Example 4

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to papermaking black liquor, add 0.083 g of plant ash to each milliliter of papermaking black liquor, stir at 40°C to obtain raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value to 5.28 with phosphoric acid for the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1), and add nitrogen-containing additives, add nitrogen-containing additives ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to the 0.042 g of the mixture with a mass ratio of 1.5:1 was obtained to obtain an organic-inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 130° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has a total nitrogen content of 3.80%, a total phosphorus content of 16.61%, a potassium content of 4.70%, and an organic matter content of 19.69%.

Example 5

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of the raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to the papermaking black liquor, add 0.125 g of plant ash to each milliliter of the papermaking black liquor, and stir at 40°C to obtain the raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value to 6.08 with phosphoric acid for the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1), and add nitrogen-containing additives, add nitrogen-containing additives ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to the 0.063 g of the mixture with a mass ratio of 1.5:1 was obtained to obtain an organic-inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 130° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has a total nitrogen of 4.24%, a total phosphorus of 8.02%, potassium of 5.05%, and an organic matter of 14.75%.

Example 6

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of the raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to the papermaking black liquor, add 0.1 g of plant ash to each milliliter of the papermaking black liquor, and stir at 35°C to obtain the raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value to 5.52 with phosphoric acid for the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1), and add nitrogen-containing additives, add nitrogen-containing additives ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to the 0.04 g of the mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1 was obtained to obtain an organic-inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 130° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has a total nitrogen content of 3.15%, a total phosphorus content of 15.68%, a potassium content of 6.68%, and an organic matter content of 20.32%.

Example 7

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of the raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to the papermaking black liquor, add 0.125 g of plant ash to each milliliter of the papermaking black liquor, and stir at 40°C to obtain the raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value to 5.28 with phosphoric acid for the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1), and add nitrogen-containing additives, add nitrogen-containing additives ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to the 0.05 g of the mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1 was obtained to obtain an organic-inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 130° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The prepared organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has a total nitrogen content of 3.53%, a total phosphorus content of 17.29%, a potassium content of 5.61%, and an organic matter content of 13.19%.

Example 8

A preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of the raw material mixture: Weigh plant ash and add it to the papermaking black liquor, add 0.1 g of plant ash to each milliliter of the papermaking black liquor, and stir at 45°C to obtain the raw material mixture;

(2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value to 5.59 with phosphoric acid for the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1), and add nitrogen-containing additives, add nitrogen-containing additives ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to the 0.04 g of the mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1 was obtained to obtain an organic-inorganic compound liquid.

(3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 130° C. after 4 hours to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

The obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has a total nitrogen content of 3.16%, total phosphorus content of 15.55%, potassium content of 5.11%, and organic matter content of 17.64%.

Example 9

The requirements of GB_1887-2009 on the content of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers and the data of each example are as follows:

Table 1 Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer content requirements

Table 2 is the experimental result when potassium nitrate is used as nitrogen-containing additive

Table 3 The result of mixed use of NH ₄ NO ₃ +KNO ₃

It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of raw material mixture: adding plant ash to papermaking black liquor, adding 0.08 g to 0.125 g of plant ash to each milliliter of papermaking black liquor, and mixing evenly at 35°C to 45°C to obtain a raw material mixture; (2) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: adjust the pH value between 3.0 and 8.0 with the raw material mixed liquid prepared in step (1) with phosphoric acid, and add nitrogen-containing additives, so that the mass of nitrogen accounts for the ratio of dry matter mass Between 3% and 5%, an organic-inorganic compound liquid is obtained; (3) Preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: drying the organic-inorganic compound liquid prepared in step (2) at 120° C. to 140° C. to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. 2. The preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (2), phosphoric acid is used to adjust the pH value of the raw material mixture between 5.16 and 6.08. 3. the preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described nitrogen-containing additive is the mixture of one or both in ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate. 4. the preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described nitrogen-containing additive is potassium nitrate. 5. The preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen-containing additive is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 2:1.