CN104150743A - Method for preparing sludge carbon by virtue of microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization - Google Patents
Method for preparing sludge carbon by virtue of microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title abstract description 107
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微波辅助水热碳化制备污泥炭的方法，该方法获得的污泥炭品质稳定，有效磷、有效氮含量高，具有良好的肥田效果，还可有效降低或固定污泥中的重金属含量。本发明方法原材料来源广泛，生产成本低廉，工艺步骤简单易行，环境友好，易于推广应用。The invention discloses a method for preparing sludge charcoal by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization. The sludge charcoal obtained by the method has stable quality, high content of available phosphorus and available nitrogen, has a good effect of fertilizing fields, and can effectively reduce or fix sludge heavy metal content in. The method of the invention has wide sources of raw materials, low production cost, simple and easy process steps, environmental friendliness and easy popularization and application.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及污泥的再生处理及资源化利用，尤其涉及一种微波辅助水热碳化制备污泥炭的方法。 The invention relates to regeneration treatment and resource utilization of sludge, in particular to a method for preparing sludge charcoal by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization.
背景技术 Background technique
随着我国城市污水处理厂的普及和运行，城市污水处理厂污泥产量快速增加。2001-2011 年间，我国污泥的年产量以平均每年15%的速率从567万吨增加至2268万吨。由于生物可利用性差和含水率高（多数污泥在出厂时仍高达80%）等问题，剩余污泥的运输和安全处置受到了严重制约。污泥含有病原体、重金属和持久性有机物等有毒有害物质，未经有效处理处置，极易对地下水、土壤等造成二次污染，直接威胁环境安全和公众健康。 With the popularization and operation of urban sewage treatment plants in our country, the sludge output of urban sewage treatment plants has increased rapidly. From 2001 to 2011, the annual output of sludge in my country increased from 5.67 million tons to 22.68 million tons at an average annual rate of 15%. Due to problems such as poor bioavailability and high water content (most sludges are still as high as 80% when they leave the factory), the transportation and safe disposal of surplus sludge are severely restricted. Sludge contains toxic and harmful substances such as pathogens, heavy metals and persistent organic compounds. Without effective treatment and disposal, it will easily cause secondary pollution to groundwater and soil, directly threatening environmental safety and public health.
污泥炭化是一种新型污泥处理技术，不仅可以成功实现污泥的减量化，同时有效固定碳源，并产生碳基产物可进行资源化利用，有效解决了污泥生物可利用性差的问题。目前，传统的污泥炭化方法主要为干法炭化，指在缺氧或无氧环境下对干燥污泥进行热解使有机物转化为炭，工艺可概括为“污泥干燥+污泥热解”。主要方法包括：(1)高温炭化，例如中国专利CN203159415U公开了“污泥高温碳化系统”，该碳化系统将污泥在干化及碳化中产生的碳化干馏气体的利用与废气的高温脱臭综合处理相结合，降低了能耗，且简化了设备配置。例如中国专利CN203173945U公开了“污泥高温碳化炉”，可实现脱水污泥日处理量1000吨以上的规模化处理。(2)低温炭化，例如中国专利CN101845311A公开了“城市污泥低温热解同时制备生物油和活性炭的方法”，解决了目前常规污泥热解方法只能获得单一资源化产品的难题，可同时获得高品质生物油和活性炭。例如中国专利CN103523775A公开了“污泥的处理方法及其获得的农用污泥生物炭”，公开了一种污泥的低温炭化方法及其处理得到的农用污泥生物炭。但传统污泥干法炭化法，对污泥含水率均有严格要求，需先对脱水污泥进行干化预处理，能耗较高，极大地限制了该处理方法的发展。 Sludge carbonization is a new type of sludge treatment technology, which can not only successfully reduce the amount of sludge, but also effectively fix the carbon source and produce carbon-based products for resource utilization, which effectively solves the problem of poor sludge bioavailability. question. At present, the traditional sludge carbonization method is mainly dry carbonization, which refers to the pyrolysis of dry sludge in an anoxic or oxygen-free environment to convert organic matter into charcoal. The process can be summarized as "sludge drying + sludge pyrolysis" . The main methods include: (1) High-temperature carbonization, for example, Chinese patent CN203159415U discloses a "sludge high-temperature carbonization system", which combines the utilization of carbonized carbonization gas generated during sludge drying and carbonization and high-temperature deodorization of waste gas. Combined, energy consumption is reduced and device configuration is simplified. For example, Chinese patent CN203173945U discloses a "sludge high-temperature carbonization furnace", which can realize large-scale treatment of more than 1,000 tons of dewatered sludge per day. (2) Low-temperature carbonization. For example, Chinese patent CN101845311A discloses "a method for simultaneously preparing bio-oil and activated carbon by low-temperature pyrolysis of urban sludge", which solves the problem that the current conventional sludge pyrolysis method can only obtain a single resource product, and can simultaneously Get high quality bio-oil and activated carbon. For example, Chinese patent CN103523775A discloses "a sludge treatment method and the obtained agricultural sludge biochar", which discloses a low-temperature carbonization method of sludge and the obtained agricultural sludge biochar. However, the traditional sludge dry carbonization method has strict requirements on the moisture content of the sludge, and the dewatered sludge needs to be dried and pretreated first, which requires high energy consumption, which greatly limits the development of this treatment method.
而水热碳化法无需对污泥进行事先干燥，对原料污泥的含水率要求低，反应条件温和，工艺过程简单，因而在能量耗费和生产控制上具有明显的优势，是目前炭化技术发展中的新起之秀。例如中国专利CN102875005A公开了“一种基于水热反应的污泥生物炭化工艺”，提供了一种污泥水热碳化工艺。 The hydrothermal carbonization method does not need to dry the sludge in advance, has low requirements on the moisture content of the raw sludge, mild reaction conditions, and simple process, so it has obvious advantages in energy consumption and production control. It is the current carbonization technology development. up-and-coming star. For example, Chinese patent CN102875005A discloses "a sludge biocharization process based on hydrothermal reaction", which provides a sludge hydrothermal carbonization process.
近年来，微波技术因具有清洁、快速和易于操控等优点而得到了迅速的发展，20世纪90年代初，开始将微波技术引入污水污泥的处理，包括污泥源头减量化、污泥干燥等方面。例如中国专利CN103204611A公开了“基于微波污泥预处理的源头污泥减量化的方法与装置”，在常压开放条件下通过微波实现剩余活性污泥的高效破解，提高剩余活性污泥的生物可利用性，但其未对污泥进行资源化利用。到目前为止尚未见利用微波辅助水热碳化制备污泥炭的报道。 In recent years, microwave technology has developed rapidly due to its advantages of cleanness, speed and ease of manipulation. In the early 1990s, microwave technology began to be introduced into the treatment of sewage sludge, including sludge source reduction, sludge drying, etc. etc. For example, Chinese patent CN103204611A discloses "method and device for source sludge reduction based on microwave sludge pretreatment". availability, but it does not make resource utilization of sludge. So far, there has been no report on the preparation of sludge carbon by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种微波辅助水热碳化制备污泥炭的方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for preparing sludge charcoal by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization.
本发明所采取的技术方案是： The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种微波辅助水热碳化制备污泥炭的方法，包括如下步骤： A method for preparing sludge charcoal by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization, comprising the steps of:
(1) 将含水污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助加热进行水热碳化反应，得到水热碳化液； (1) Send the water-containing sludge into the hydrothermal reactor, seal it, and microwave-assisted heating for hydrothermal carbonization reaction to obtain hydrothermal carbonization liquid;
(2) 将得到的水热碳化液进行固液分离，固体产物水洗、干燥，获得污泥炭。 (2) The obtained hydrothermal carbonization liquid is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the solid product is washed with water and dried to obtain sludge charcoal.
优选的，步骤（1），控制水热反应器内压力为2～3 atm。 Preferably, in step (1), the internal pressure of the hydrothermal reactor is controlled to be 2-3 atm.
优选的，步骤（1），控制加热温度为150～300℃。 Preferably, in step (1), the heating temperature is controlled to be 150-300°C.
优选的，步骤（1），控制微波功率为50～800 W。更优选的，步骤（1），控制微波功率为200～600 W。 Preferably, in step (1), the microwave power is controlled to be 50-800 W. More preferably, in step (1), the microwave power is controlled to be 200-600 W.
优选的，步骤（1），水热碳化反应时间为30～150 min。 Preferably, in step (1), the hydrothermal carbonization reaction time is 30-150 min.
优选的，步骤（1），所述含水污泥的含水率为50～85wt%。 Preferably, in step (1), the water content of the water-containing sludge is 50-85wt%.
优选的，步骤（2），所述干燥温度为40～60℃。 Preferably, in step (2), the drying temperature is 40-60°C.
本发明的有益效果是： The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
（1）本发明方法原材料来源广泛，生产成本低廉，工艺步骤简单易行，环境友好，易于推广应用。 (1) The method of the present invention has wide sources of raw materials, low production cost, simple process steps, environmental friendliness, and easy popularization and application.
（2）本发明方法获得的污泥炭品质稳定，有效磷、有效氮含量高，具有良好的肥田效果；该方法同时可有效降低或固定污泥中的重金属含量。 (2) The quality of the sludge charcoal obtained by the method of the present invention is stable, the content of available phosphorus and available nitrogen is high, and it has a good effect of fertilizing the field; at the same time, the method can effectively reduce or fix the content of heavy metals in the sludge.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明公开了一种微波辅助水热碳化制备污泥炭的方法，包括如下步骤：将含水污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助进行水热碳化反应，得到水热碳化液，离心、水洗、干燥，获得污泥炭。产品污泥炭含有大量碳素及营养成分，可用于土地修复及改良，其性状稳定，修复、改良效果长期持久。污泥炭还是一种固碳减排的物质，其生产和使用对全球碳排放具有缓解作用。本发明方法所采用的原料成本低廉、环境友好，制备工艺简单可行，总体遵循了“变废为宝、立体农业”的原则。 The invention discloses a method for preparing sludge charcoal by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization. Centrifuge, wash with water, and dry to obtain sludge charcoal. The product sludge charcoal contains a large amount of carbon and nutrients, which can be used for land restoration and improvement. Its properties are stable, and the effect of repair and improvement is long-lasting. Sludge carbon is also a carbon sequestration and emission reduction material, and its production and use have a mitigation effect on global carbon emissions. The raw material used in the method of the invention is low in cost, environment-friendly, and the preparation process is simple and feasible, and generally follows the principle of "turning waste into wealth and three-dimensional agriculture".
本发明采用微波辅助一方面可以加速水热碳化反应进程，另一方面可以有助于重金属等有害污染物的溶出。 The invention adopts microwave assistance to accelerate the process of hydrothermal carbonization reaction on the one hand, and on the other hand can help the dissolution of harmful pollutants such as heavy metals.
所用水热反应器可密封，耐较高温（200～300℃）及高压（2～3atm）。水热反应器内配有温度探头，可在反应过程中控制反应器内温度。 The hydrothermal reactor used can be sealed and can withstand high temperature (200-300°C) and high pressure (2-3atm). The hydrothermal reactor is equipped with a temperature probe, which can control the temperature in the reactor during the reaction process.
固液分离方法采用离心分离或其他方式，离心转速优选为3000～6000 rpm。 The solid-liquid separation method adopts centrifugal separation or other methods, and the centrifugal speed is preferably 3000-6000 rpm.
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例1Example 1
将含水率为80wt%的生活污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助加热进行水热碳化反应，微波功率为200W，反应器内压力为2.3atm，水热温度为200℃，反应时间为120 min，得到水热碳化液；3000 rpm离心进行固液分离，固体产物水洗3次，40℃烘箱干燥，获得污泥炭。 Feed the domestic sludge with a moisture content of 80wt% into the hydrothermal reactor, seal it, and carry out hydrothermal carbonization reaction by microwave-assisted heating. The microwave power is 200W, the pressure inside the reactor is 2.3atm, and the hydrothermal temperature is 200℃. The time was 120 min to obtain a hydrothermal carbonization solution; centrifugation at 3000 rpm for solid-liquid separation, the solid product was washed three times with water, and dried in an oven at 40°C to obtain sludge charcoal.
污泥炭产率为67%，有机质含量为28.97%，其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别增加了33.26%、36.23%，还含有大量碳素及营养成分。对其重金属进行测定，Cd、Cu的淋溶液中的含量较原污泥分别降低了88.59%、92.21%。 The yield of sludge charcoal is 67%, the content of organic matter is 28.97%, its available phosphorus and available nitrogen have increased by 33.26% and 36.23% respectively compared with the original sludge, and it also contains a lot of carbon and nutrients. The heavy metals were measured, and the contents of Cd and Cu in the leach solution were reduced by 88.59% and 92.21% respectively compared with the original sludge.
实施例2Example 2
将含水率为85wt%的生活污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助加热进行水热碳化反应，微波功率为400W，反应器内压力为2.2atm，水热温度控制为250℃，反应时间为90 min，得到水热碳化液；3500 rpm离心进行固液分离，固体产物水洗3次，50℃下烘箱干燥，获得污泥炭。 Feed domestic sludge with a moisture content of 85wt% into a hydrothermal reactor, seal it, and microwave-assisted heating for hydrothermal carbonization reaction. The microwave power is 400W, the pressure inside the reactor is 2.2atm, and the hydrothermal temperature is controlled at 250°C. The reaction time was 90 min to obtain a hydrothermal carbonization solution; centrifugation at 3500 rpm for solid-liquid separation, the solid product was washed three times with water, and dried in an oven at 50 °C to obtain sludge charcoal.
污泥炭产率为61.5%，有机质含量为24.69%，其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别增加了33.26%、35.55%。对其重金属进行测定，Cd、Cu的淋溶液中的含量较原污泥分别降低了83.12%、95.16%。 The yield of sludge charcoal was 61.5%, the content of organic matter was 24.69%, and the available phosphorus and available nitrogen increased by 33.26% and 35.55% respectively compared with the original sludge. The heavy metals were measured, and the contents of Cd and Cu in the drench solution were reduced by 83.12% and 95.16% respectively compared with the original sludge.
实施例3Example 3
将含水率为80 wt%的生活污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助加热进行水热碳化反应，微波功率为600W，反应器内压力为3 atm，水热温度为300℃，反应时间为90 min，得到水热碳化液；3000 rpm离心进行固液分离，固体产物水洗3次，40℃烘箱干燥，获得污泥炭。 The domestic sludge with a moisture content of 80 wt% was sent into the hydrothermal reactor, sealed, and microwave-assisted heating was carried out for hydrothermal carbonization reaction. The microwave power was 600W, the pressure inside the reactor was 3 atm, and the hydrothermal temperature was 300°C. The reaction time was 90 min to obtain hydrothermal carbonization liquid; the solid-liquid separation was carried out by centrifugation at 3000 rpm, the solid product was washed three times with water, and dried in an oven at 40 °C to obtain sludge charcoal.
污泥炭产率为55.14%，有机质含量为20.47%，其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别增加了32. 62%、36.79%，还含有大量碳素及营养成分。对其重金属进行测定，Cd、Cu的淋溶液中的含量较原污泥分别降低了94.11%、98.28%。 The yield of sludge charcoal was 55.14%, the organic matter content was 20.47%, and its available phosphorus and available nitrogen increased by 32.62% and 36.79% respectively compared with the original sludge, and it also contained a large amount of carbon and nutrients. The heavy metals were measured, and the contents of Cd and Cu in the leach solution were reduced by 94.11% and 98.28% respectively compared with the original sludge.
实施例4Example 4
将含水率为80 wt%的市政污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助加热进行水热碳化反应，微波功率为500W，反应器内压力为2 atm，水热温度为150℃，反应时间为150 min，得到水热碳化液；3000 rpm离心进行固液分离，固体产物水洗3次，40℃烘箱干燥，获得污泥炭。 The municipal sludge with a moisture content of 80 wt% was sent into the hydrothermal reactor, sealed, and microwave-assisted heating was carried out for hydrothermal carbonization reaction. The microwave power was 500W, the pressure inside the reactor was 2 atm, and the hydrothermal temperature was 150°C. The reaction time was 150 min to obtain a hydrothermal carbonization solution; centrifugation at 3000 rpm for solid-liquid separation, the solid product was washed three times with water, and dried in an oven at 40 °C to obtain sludge charcoal.
污泥炭产率为70.01%，有机质含量为32.12%，其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别增加了36.70%、39.53%，还含有大量碳素及营养成分。对其重金属进行测定，Cd、Cu的淋溶液中的含量较原污泥分别降低了90.25%、94.98%。 The yield of sludge charcoal is 70.01%, the content of organic matter is 32.12%, its available phosphorus and available nitrogen are increased by 36.70% and 39.53% respectively compared with the original sludge, and it also contains a lot of carbon and nutrients. The heavy metals were measured, and the contents of Cd and Cu in the leach solution were reduced by 90.25% and 94.98% respectively compared with the original sludge.
实施例5Example 5
将含水率为75%的生活污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助加热进行水热碳化反应，微波功率为250 W，反应器内压力为2.2 atm，水热温度为200℃，反应时间为90 min，得到水热碳化液；4000 rpm离心进行固液分离，固体产物水洗3次，60℃下烘箱干燥，获得污泥炭1。 The domestic sludge with a moisture content of 75% is sent into the hydrothermal reactor, sealed, and microwave-assisted heating is carried out for hydrothermal carbonization reaction. The microwave power is 250 W, the pressure inside the reactor is 2.2 atm, and the hydrothermal temperature is 200 ° C. The reaction time was 90 min to obtain a hydrothermal carbonization solution; centrifugation at 4000 rpm for solid-liquid separation, the solid product was washed three times with water, and dried in an oven at 60 °C to obtain sludge charcoal 1.
同样地，同批污泥在无微波情况下进行相同操作（水热温度、反应时间相同），获得污泥炭2。 Similarly, the same batch of sludge was subjected to the same operation (same hydrothermal temperature and reaction time) without microwave to obtain sludge charcoal 2.
污泥炭1产率为75.2%，污泥炭2产率为78%。污泥1其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别增加了30.06%、33.55%，污泥2其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别增加了29.26%、30.55%。对其重金属进行测定，污泥1中Cd、Cu淋溶液中的含量较原污泥分别降低了74.59%、92.33%，污泥2中Cd、Cu淋溶液含量较原污泥分别降低了67.12%、84.8%。 The yield of sludge charcoal 1 was 75.2%, and that of sludge charcoal 2 was 78%. Compared with the original sludge, the available phosphorus and available nitrogen of sludge 1 increased by 30.06% and 33.55%, respectively, and the available phosphorus and available nitrogen of sludge 2 increased by 29.26% and 30.55% respectively compared with the original sludge. The heavy metals were measured, the contents of Cd and Cu in the sludge 1 were reduced by 74.59% and 92.33% respectively compared with the original sludge, and the contents of Cd and Cu in the sludge 2 were respectively reduced by 67.12% compared with the original sludge , 84.8%.
实施例6Example 6
将含水率为80%的生活污泥送入水热反应器中，密封，微波辅助加热进行水热碳化反应，微波功率为200W，反应器内压力为2 atm，水热温度为200℃，反应时间为120 min，得到水热碳化液；4000 rpm离心进行固液分离，固体产物水洗3次，40℃下烘箱干燥，获得污泥炭1。 Feed domestic sludge with a moisture content of 80% into a hydrothermal reactor, seal it, and conduct hydrothermal carbonization reaction with microwave-assisted heating. The microwave power is 200W, the pressure inside the reactor is 2 atm, and the hydrothermal temperature is 200°C. The time was 120 min to obtain a hydrothermal carbonization solution; centrifugation at 4000 rpm for solid-liquid separation, the solid product was washed three times with water, and dried in an oven at 40 °C to obtain sludge charcoal 1.
将同批污泥干燥，粉碎、过60目筛，在密封（N2）马弗炉中，600℃烧4 h，获得污泥炭2。 The same batch of sludge was dried, pulverized, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and burned in a sealed (N 2 ) muffle furnace at 600°C for 4 hours to obtain sludge charcoal 2.
将同批污泥干燥，粉碎、过60目筛，在密封（N2）马弗炉中，400℃烧4 h，获得污泥炭3。 The same batch of sludge was dried, pulverized, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and burned in a sealed (N 2 ) muffle furnace at 400°C for 4 hours to obtain sludge charcoal 3.
污泥炭1产率为63.8%，污泥炭2产率为52.17%，污泥炭3产率为69.34%。污泥1其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别增加了33.6%、37.9%，污泥2其有效磷、有效氮较原污泥分别降低了53.1%、82.3%，污泥3其有效磷较原污泥增加了3.9%、有效氮较原污泥降低了76.6%。对其重金属淋溶性进行测定，污泥1中Cd、Cu淋溶液中的含量较原污泥分别降低了82.5%、95.0%，污泥2中Cd、Cu淋溶液含量较原污泥分别降低了41.5%、13.69%，污泥3中Cd、Cu淋溶液含量较原污泥分别降低了63.3%、42.7%。 The yield of sludge charcoal 1 was 63.8%, that of sludge charcoal 2 was 52.17%, and that of sludge charcoal 3 was 69.34%. Compared with the original sludge, the available phosphorus and available nitrogen of sludge 1 increased by 33.6% and 37.9% respectively; the available phosphorus and available nitrogen of sludge 2 decreased by 53.1% and 82.3% respectively compared with the original sludge; Compared with the original sludge, it increased by 3.9%, and the available nitrogen decreased by 76.6% compared with the original sludge. The leaching properties of heavy metals were measured, and the contents of Cd and Cu leaching solution in sludge 1 were respectively reduced by 82.5% and 95.0% compared with the original sludge, and the contents of Cd and Cu leaching solution in sludge 2 were respectively lower than those in the original sludge 41.5%, 13.69%, and the contents of Cd and Cu leaching solution in sludge 3 were respectively reduced by 63.3% and 42.7% compared with the original sludge.
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