Embodiment
The preparation method who the invention provides a kind of back electrode of solar cell, comprises the following steps:
S10, adopt electric arc, plasma arc or combustion flame to be heated to melting charging wire and/or metal powder, form point molten metal;
S20, then adopt Compressed Gas that point molten metal atomization is formed to metallic, and carry metallic motion, finally deposit to the aluminium back surface field surface of solar cell, form metal coating, obtain described rear electrode for crystal silicon solar battery.
While adopting preparation method provided by the invention to prepare back electrode of solar cell, do not need heating battery sheet in advance, electrode band also forms by Compressed Gas atomization deposition (being hot spray process) by the first melting of electric arc, plasma arc or combustion flame simultaneously.Particularly, plasma spray technology is: first adopt electric arc, plasma arc or combustion flame to produce heat to electrode with metal and carry out heat fused, then use high velocity air molten metal atomization, and accelerate to make them to spray to the technology of surface of the work formation metal coating to the metallic of atomization.Sprayed on material (being the metallic after atomization) is cooled in the process of flight deposition, in spraying application, the thermal impact of matrix is very little, heating temperature is no more than 200 DEG C, matrix (being silicon substrate and the aluminium back surface field entirety of solar battery sheet) can not deform and performance change, coating quality is stable, and coated shape and thickness that spraying obtains are easily controlled.
As a kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, in the time that charging metal adopts wire, the method that is heated to melting is preferably arc process.Adopt the temperature of arc heating can reach 5000 ~ 5500 DEG C, therefore can Flashmelt metal or alloy, Compressed Gas can make the speed of metallic reach 200 ~ 300 meter per seconds simultaneously, and the bond strength on the metal coating that therefore the method obtains and aluminium back surface field surface is high.Meanwhile, when arc process heating and melting metal, also composite wire charging simultaneously, spray efficiency is also high.As those skilled in the art's common practise, arc process adopts common various electric arc spraying equipments in prior art to carry out, for example, can adopt arc-spraying machine, and electric arc spraying equipment is provided with meticulous spray gun.Be in the present invention, adopt the spray gun on electric arc spraying equipment to carry out heating and melting to charging metal, then adopt Compressed Gas motlten metal atomization, and accelerating to make them to spray to the aluminium back surface field surface formation metal coating of solar cell to the metallic of atomization, this metal coating forms back electrode of solar cell.In conjunction with the diameter of selecting the meticulous Spray gun nozzle of electric arc spraying, and the distance of the aluminium back surface field of Spray gun nozzle and solar cell, and adjust the portable cord speed of solar cell, can obtain on solar battery aluminum back surface field surface thickness more evenly, the back electrode band of fine and close, neat in edge.Under preferable case, the diameter of the Spray gun nozzle adopting is 50 ~ 1000 μ m, and the distance of the aluminium back surface field of Spray gun nozzle and solar cell is 2.0 ~ 50mm, and the linear velocity that relatively moves of solar cell and Spray gun nozzle is 20 ~ 300mm/s.
In the present invention, described Compressed Gas is only for by point molten metal atomization, and carries the metallic motion after atomization.Compressed Gas can be compressed air, but is not limited to this.Under preferable case, oxidized when preventing molten metal bath atomization, reduce the content that sprays oxide in the metal level obtaining, make the electric conductivity of the coating obtaining and better with the welding performance of photovoltaic welding belt, described Compressed Gas preferably adopts the inert gas that chemical reaction does not occur with motlten metal, is generally nitrogen, argon gas or helium.Consider from cost angle, Compressed Gas is nitrogen more preferably.The pressure of described Compressed Gas is preferably 0.6 ~ 1.0Mpa.
The present invention for example forms wire that back electrode adopts or metal powder, without adopting noble metal (fine silver), and can directly adopt the various base metals that are applicable to back electrode of solar cell material.For example, as a kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, the material of described wire or metal powder is pure tin and/or kamash alloy, wherein kamash alloy comprises gun-metal, leypewter, sn-ag alloy, tin pb-ag alloy, tin Kufil, tin bismuth copper alloy, tin bismuth silver alloy, tin bismuth Kufil, but is not limited to this.Preferably implement execution mode as the second of the present invention, the material of described wire or metal powder is pure zinc and/or zinc-containing alloy, wherein zinc-containing alloy comprises Zinc-tin alloy, zinc lead alloy, zinc-silver alloy, Zn, Pb and Ag alloy, zinc copper silver alloy, zinc bismuth copper alloy, zinc bismuth silver alloy, zinc bismuth Kufil, but is not limited to this.As the third preferred implementation of the present invention, the material of described wire or metal powder can be also pure lead and/or lead-containing alloy, and wherein lead-containing alloy comprises cupro lead, pb-ag alloy, lead bronze silver alloy, but is not limited to this.
As previously mentioned, described charging metal can adopt wire or metal powder.Wherein, described wire cocoa prepares by the following method: after each raw metal is fused in proportion, cast, extruding, wire drawing obtain, but be not limited to this again.Wherein, raw metal is metal simple-substance raw material corresponding to each element in its composition.Wherein, the technique of fusion, casting, extruding, wire drawing is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, and the present invention is not particularly limited, and repeats no more herein.Under preferable case, described diameter wiry is 0.1 ~ 2.0mm.
The preparation method of described metal powder can adopt the various methods of preparing powder conventional in prior art to obtain, such as nitrogen atomization method, liquid phase chemical reduction method etc.Under preferable case, the middle particle diameter of described metal powder is 0.5 ~ 100 μ m.
Adopt preparation method provided by the invention, while preparing back electrode of solar cell, do not need heating battery sheet in advance, electrode band preparation is rapid, even thickness, densification, and neat in edge, high with aluminium back surface field bonding force, with photovoltaic welding belt good welding performance.In the present invention, as Figure 1-3, on the whole aluminium back surface field of silicon chip 2 surfaces, the metal coating that thermal spraying obtains, is the back electrode 1 of solar cell, back electrode be shaped as continuous band-shaped distribution (as shown in Figure 2) or segmentation zonal distribution (as shown in Figure 3).Under preferable case, the number of the back electrode 1 on aluminium back surface field 2 surfaces is 2 ~ 4, but is not limited to this.The thickness of strip metal coating (being back electrode 1) is 0.5 ~ 50 μ m, and more preferably 1.0 ~ 20 μ m, most preferably are 3.0 ~ 10 μ m.The width of every back electrode 1 is 2.0 ~ 10mm, is preferably 3.0 ~ 6.0 mm.In addition, the length of back electrode 1 is determined according to the size of cell piece, battery short circuit when preventing from spraying, and the distance at its end and cell piece edge is preferably 5.0 ~ 20mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of solar battery sheet, as shown in Figure 1, comprise silicon chip 3, be positioned at silicon chip 3 back sides aluminium back surface field 2, be positioned at the back electrode 1 in aluminium back surface field 2; Described back electrode 1 is prepared by preparation method provided by the invention.
In conventional silver back electrode solar cell, first at silicon chip back side electrode zone printed back electrode silver plasm, then republish back field aluminum paste in other region except electrode zone, after sintering, form aluminium back surface field and silver-colored back electrode.And in the present invention, to form aluminium back surface field 2 at the whole shady face of silicon chip 3, then in aluminium back surface field 2, thermal spraying forms some back electrodes 1, therefore in solar battery sheet provided by the invention, the area of aluminium back surface field 2 increases to some extent compared with conventional silver back electrode solar cell, and the electricity conversion of solar battery sheet provided by the invention is effectively promoted.The step that the present invention forms aluminium back surface field 2 at silicon chip 3 back sides is known to the skilled person, and does not repeat herein.As those skilled in the art's common practise, the phototropic face of described silicon chip 3 also has positive electrode (attached not shown), this positive electrode can form by sintering after printing phototropic face silver slurry conventional in prior art, and the present invention is not particularly limited, and repeats no more herein.
Finally, the present invention also provides a kind of solar module, and described solar module comprises the backboard, sealant layer, cell piece, sealant layer and the photic zone that stack gradually; Wherein, described cell piece is solar battery sheet provided by the invention.Wherein, backboard, sealant layer and euphotic structure and material are those skilled in the art's common practise, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
In order to make technical problem solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1 ~ 20
(1) preparation of cell piece before thermal spraying
Polysilicon chip specification is: 156 × 156mm, thickness is 200 microns (before corrosion).By after this polycrystalline silicon texturing, PN junction processed, coated with antireflection film, adopt silk screen printing back field aluminum paste (the large standing grain science and technology in Taiwan at whole shady face, 108C aluminium paste) and dry after, republish front side silver paste (Dupont company, 17F silver slurry), after process of passing through tunnel stove sintering, possessed the silicon chip of aluminium back surface field and positive electricity polar curve.
(2) preparation of back electrode
(main function components of this equipment is arc-spraying machine to adopt the meticulous flush coater of automatic electric arc, Foshan company of section of China produces, model is 400) construct, the diameter of Spray gun nozzle is 250 ± 5.0 μ m, the spacing distance of Spray gun nozzle and aluminium back surface field is 10 ± 2.0mm, and the portable cord speed of cell piece is 100 ± 5.0mm/s.Adopt arc-spraying machine by wire heating and melting, wherein composition wiry is as shown in table 1, diameter wiry is 0.5mm, obtain point molten metal, then adopt pressure be 0.8MPa compressed nitrogen to point molten metal carry out atomization form metallic, and the aluminium back surface field surface of carrying metallic motion and be finally deposited on silicon chip, what obtain has a continuous band-shaped back electrode shown in Fig. 2 of the present invention, 3 of whole aluminium back surface field surface distributed, the thickness of every back electrode band is 3.0 ~ 6.0 μ m, width is 4.0 ~ 5.0mm, length is 130mm, its end is 13mm apart from the distance at cell piece edge, by above-mentioned steps, obtain solar battery sheet, be designated as respectively S1 ~ S20.
Embodiment 21
The wire of employing embodiment 2 same compositions and identical step are prepared the solar battery sheet S21 of the present embodiment, difference is: in step (2), regulating the spacing of Spray gun nozzle and aluminium back surface field is 12 ± 2.0mm, and the portable cord speed of regulating cell sheet is 170 ± 10mm/s, the thickness that obtains the back electrode band of solar cell back face is 1.0 ~ 3.0 μ m, width is 4.0 ~ 5.0mm, and length is 130mm, and its end is 13mm apart from the distance at cell piece edge.
Embodiment 22
The wire of employing embodiment 2 same compositions and identical step are prepared the solar battery sheet S22 of the present embodiment, difference is: in step (2), regulating the spacing of Spray gun nozzle and aluminium back surface field is 8.0 ± 2.0mm, and the portable cord speed of regulating cell sheet is 40 ± 10mm/s, the thickness that obtains the back electrode band of solar cell back face is 8.0 ~ 10 μ m, width is 4.0 ~ 5.0mm, and length is 130mm, and its end is 13mm apart from the distance at cell piece edge.
Embodiment 23
The wire of employing embodiment 2 same compositions and identical step are prepared the solar battery sheet S23 of the present embodiment, difference is: in step (2), chien shih disconnected ejection metal particle therebetween while controlling the ejection of Spray gun nozzle, the metal coating of 3 section of 3 band obtains on aluminium back surface field surface distributing, metal coating section is uniformly distributed on cell piece, as shown in Figure 3, its thickness is 3.0 ~ 6.0 μ m, transverse width is 4.0 ~ 5.0mm, the length of every section of metal coating is 30mm, interval 20mm between section and section, the end that both sides are coated with interval is 13mm apart from the distance of battery edge.
Comparative example 1
Adopt the step (1) identical with embodiment 1 to prepare cell piece, then silicon chip being heated to aluminium back surface field surface temperature is 200 ± 10 DEG C, then (main function components of this equipment is ultrasonic wave electric iron to adopt ultrasonic wave electric iron automatic welder(welding machine), MECS Inc. of Korea S produces, model is MR-5030) to construct, plumb joint temperature setting is set to 380 ± 20 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is 30K ± 1K hertz, the power output of ultrasonic wave electric iron is 500W, and composition wiry is as shown in table 1; The spacing distance of wire and aluminium back surface field is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm, relies on the electric soldering bit of bonding machine by wire heating and melting, then by fused mass continuous coating in the aluminium back surface field surface of silicon chip, obtain thering is continuous band-shaped back electrode band after cooling; 3 of continuous coatings on a slice cell piece, the width that obtains back electrode band is 4.0 ~ 6.0mm, thickness is 3.0 ~ 6.0 μ m.By above-mentioned steps, obtain the solar battery sheet of this comparative example, be designated as DS1.
Comparative example 2
Polysilicon chip specification is: 156 × 156mm, and thickness is 200 microns (before corrosion), before printing, thickness is 180 microns.By after silicon wafer wool making, PN junction processed, coated with antireflection film, first adopt silk screen printing back silver slurry (the PV505 silver slurry of Dupont company), to carry on the back silver-colored structure and adopt four sections of systems of three lines (carrying on the back silver is three), printing weight in wet base is 0.040g.Dry, in the remaining shady face part of back of the body silver slurry, printing back field aluminum paste (the large standing grain science and technology in Taiwan, 108C aluminium paste), after oven dry, then at phototropic face printing front side silver paste (Dupont company, 17F silver slurry), after process of passing through tunnel stove sintering, obtain possessing aluminium back surface field, the solar battery sheet DS2 of silver-colored back electrode line and front electrode line.
Performance test
1, bonding force: select victory footpath between fields, Shanghai 1.2 × 0.2mm tin lead welding band, by Henkel X32-10I type scaling powder immersion post-drying, then at 320 DEG C, the back electrode preparing is carried out to manual welding, until cell piece S1-S23 and DS1-DS2 naturally cooling after, use mountain degree SH-100 puller system at the uniform velocity to stretch to being 45 ° between welding and cell piece, peak value pulling force when recording welding and cell piece and peeling off, unit is N/mm.
2, photoelectric efficiency: adopt single flash operation simulation test instrument that each cell piece S1-S23 and DS1-DS2 are tested and obtained.Test condition is standard test condition (STC): light intensity: 1000W/m
2; Spectrum: AM1.5; Temperature: 25 DEG C.
Each test is all got 100 cell pieces and is tested, and test result is averaged, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Note: in upper table 1, symbol of element subscript represents the quality percentage composition of this metallic element, as Sn
99.3cu
0.7represent that this alloy is made up of the tin of 99.3wt% and the copper of 0.70wt%.
Can find out from the test result of upper table 1, it is more than 15.0N/mm adopting the bonding force of the solar battery sheet S1 ~ S23 of back electrode prepared by wire of the present invention, the bonding force of solar battery sheet DS1 prepared by the method for employing comparative example 1 is only 13.5N/mm, and the bonding force of solar battery sheet DS2 prepared by the method for employing comparative example 2 is only 5.60 N/mm.
From above data declaration, adopt in the solar battery sheet that preparation method provided by the invention prepares, the adhesive force of back electrode and aluminium back surface field is good, high with the bonding force of common photovoltaic welding belt, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar battery sheet is obviously promoted simultaneously.In addition, solar cell provided by the invention, its back electrode preparation is not used silver slurry, effectively reduces the material cost of electrode, has increased the competitiveness of solar cell power generation and conventional batteries.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.