CN104131810B - A kind of Novel well fails to report alarm device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel leakage alarm device and method, comprising a base (1), a rotating shaft (2), a connecting rod (4), a mud scoop (5), a calculation unit and an alarm unit; at the mud outlet; the base has a bottom plate and two side plates (3); the two side plates are vertically fixed to the bottom plate on opposite sides of the bottom plate; and are set along the mud flow direction; the rotating shaft is set on the two side plates , driven by a motor; one end of the connecting rod is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixed with the mud scoop; when the connecting rod is in a horizontal position, the opening of the mud scoop faces upward; the rotating shaft is provided with a torque sensor; the torque sensor It is connected with the calculation unit; the calculation unit is connected with the alarm unit; the specific gravity value is calculated in the calculation unit and the alarm unit is activated to implement the alarm. The novel lost circulation alarm device and method are easy to implement, can effectively avoid the occurrence of lost circulation, and ensure personal and property safety during drilling.

Description

A new type of lost circulation alarm device and method

technical field

The invention relates to a novel leakage alarm device and method, which is suitable for the alarm of the leakage under normal conditions, and is especially suitable for the alarm of the leakage under the condition of a partial pipe.

Background technique

During the drilling process (drilling, cementing, testing or workover and other downhole operations), lost circulation can cause serious harm.

The current method for judging whether lost circulation occurs during monitoring drilling operations is mainly the volume conservation method, that is, whether the volume of mud poured into the oil well is equal to the volume of mud extracted from the oil well within a certain range. If the volume of mud pumped out is greater than the volume of mud injected, it can be considered that a kick has occurred; if it is less, it can be considered as a lost circulation.

During the detection process, the current detection must require the detection object to be in a full pipe state, and the volume of mud in the pipe is estimated with a fixed value. If under the condition of partially full pipe, the existing equipment cannot detect well lost circulation fault well. .

Therefore, it is necessary to design a novel lost circulation alarm device and method, especially the device and method for the lost circulation alarm under the partially full pipe state.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new lost circulation alarm device and method, which are easy to implement, can effectively avoid lost circulation, and ensure personal and property safety during drilling.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

A novel leakage alarm device, comprising a base (1), a rotating shaft (2), a connecting rod (4), a mud scoop (5), a calculation unit and an alarm unit;

The base is arranged at the mud outlet of the pipeline; the base has a bottom plate and two side plates (3);

The two side plates are vertically fixed to the bottom plate on opposite sides of the bottom plate; they are set along the mud flow direction; the rotating shaft is set on the two side plates and driven by a motor;

One end of the connecting rod is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixed with the mud scoop; when the connecting rod is in a horizontal position, the opening of the mud scoop faces upward;

A torque sensor is provided on the rotating shaft;

The torque sensor is connected to the computing unit;

The computing unit is connected to the alarm unit;

The following calculations and processing are performed in the computing unit:

(1) Driven by the motor, when the mud spoon on the connecting rod scoops out a spoonful of mud from the flowing mud liquid, and the connecting rod continues to rise to reach parallel to the horizontal direction, calculate the mass of the mud liquid in the mud spoon at this time m [The calculation principle is: M=mg*L from M=F*L, then the mass m=M/gL, one of the specific calculation methods is: when the connecting rods are all in the horizontal direction, the mud scoop Measure the torque once when there is no mud, and measure the torque again when there is mud in the mud scoop. The difference between the two measured torque values, namely △M, is caused by the weight of the mud in the mud scoop, and the mass of the mud is m= △M/gL], the volume V of the mud scoop is known, then the specific gravity value of the mud liquid can be calculated by the following formula

(2) When the specific gravity value of the mud liquid is greater than the first preset threshold value, or when the specific gravity change value per unit time is greater than the second preset threshold value, the calculation unit activates the alarm unit to implement an alarm.

The connecting rod is also provided with an angle sensor for detecting the angle of the connecting rod.

An electric fork is arranged on the mud spoon; the electric fork is connected to one end of the current detection circuit, and the other end of the current detection circuit is connected to the flowing mud liquid; the flowing mud liquid is used as a conductor; an ammeter is arranged in the current detection circuit;

During the rotation of the connecting rod, when the reading of the ammeter jumps, it means that the electric fork is in contact with the mud fluid or the electric fork leaves the mud liquid, and the angle sensor detects the angle between the connecting rod and the horizontal direction at this time. α, then the liquid level height is h=H-L·sinα; wherein H is the height of the rotating shaft and the upper surface of the base, and L is the sum of the length of the connecting rod and the length of the mud scoop.

The bottom surface of the mud scoop is used as a target plate for detecting the mud flow rate; a kick alarm is performed based on the detected mud flow rate; the calculation unit also performs the following calculations and processing:

(1) When the connecting rod is in the vertical position and the target plate is submerged in the mud, the calculation unit reads the torque value M detected by the torque sensor; the impulse F caused by the mud liquid on the target plate is calculated according to the following formula:

F=M/L, L is the length of the connecting rod;

(2) The calculation unit calculates the flow velocity v of the mud by the following formula:

Among them, _Cd is the fluid resistance coefficient, A is the projected area on the horizontal plane when the target plate is in the horizontal position, and ρ is the density of the mud;

(3) When the flow velocity v is greater than the third preset threshold value, or the flow velocity change value Δv per unit time is greater than the fourth preset value, the calculation unit starts the alarm unit to give an alarm.

A novel lost circulation alarm method adopts the aforementioned novel lost circulation alarm device; comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Detect the specific gravity value of the mud liquid:

Driven by the motor, when the mud spoon on the connecting rod scoops out a spoonful of mud from the flowing mud liquid, and the connecting rod continues to rise to reach parallel to the horizontal direction, calculate the mass m of the mud liquid in the mud spoon at this time, mud The volume V of the spoon is known, then the specific gravity value of the mud liquid is calculated by the following formula

Step 2: Alarm steps:

When the specific gravity of the mud fluid is greater than the first preset threshold, or the change in specific gravity per unit time is greater than the second preset threshold, the calculation unit activates the alarm unit to give an alarm.

The unit time refers to a preset time, such as 30 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 30 seconds and 1 minute.

Beneficial effect:

The present invention is aimed at the situation that mud, cement or other working fluids leak into the formation during the drilling process (drilling, cementing, testing or workover and other downhole operations) and the conventional instruments cannot be measured under the state of partial full pipe. A device designed to give well leakage alarm in the state of partially full pipe [of course, the instrument can also be used normally in the state of full pipe].

The novel leakage alarm device and method of the present invention cleverly designs a detection framework based on a base, a rotating shaft, a connecting rod and a mud spoon, and then completes the automatic measurement of the specific gravity of the mud liquid by arranging a series of sensing devices, and then when the specific gravity is too small A lost circulation alarm is issued, thereby reducing the probability of accidents and ensuring the safety of drilling work.

The whole system adopts conventional equipment and devices, has low cost and is easy to popularize and implement.

The solution of the present invention is completely different from the existing technical solutions, but adopts a unique concept, so it can not only be used for well leakage alarm under the state of full pipe, but also can be used for the alarm under the state of non-full pipe that cannot be realized by existing equipment. Well leakage alarm.

The present invention can not only implement well leakage alarm, but also further provide more accurate drilling accident detection parameters based on the detection of liquid level and liquid flow velocity, wherein the detection of flow velocity can be used as blowout alarm, thereby improving and expanding well leakage alarm function of the device.

The present invention greatly improves the safety of various energy drilling and energy collection, and is one of the strong supports for larger energy drilling and energy collection hardware facilities and technical requirements in the future.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of novel well kick alarm device;

Fig. 2 is the relative position relationship diagram of connecting rod and rotating shaft when adopting this novel kick alarm device to measure flow velocity;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram (side view) when adopting this novel kick alarm device to measure flow velocity;

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the relative position relationship between the connecting rod and the rotating shaft when the novel well kick alarm device is used to measure the liquid specific gravity;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram (side view) when adopting this novel kick alarm device to measure liquid specific gravity;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of liquid level measurement.

Explanation of symbols: 1-base, 2-rotating shaft, 3-side plate, 4-connecting rod, 5-mud scoop.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:

Example 1:

As shown in Figure 1, a new well kick alarm device includes a base (1), a rotating shaft (2), a connecting rod (4), a mud scoop (5), a calculation unit and an alarm unit;

The base is arranged at the mud outlet of the pipeline; the base has a bottom plate and two side plates (3);

The two side plates are vertically fixed to the bottom plate on opposite sides of the bottom plate; they are set along the mud flow direction; the rotating shaft is set on the two side plates and driven by a motor;

One end of the connecting rod is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixed with the target plate; when the connecting rod is in a vertical position, the target plate is perpendicular to the mud flow direction;

A torque sensor is provided on the rotating shaft;

The torque sensor is connected to the computing unit;

The computing unit is connected to the alarm unit;

The base and two side plates form a fixed seat with openings at both ends, and the mud fluid flows through the fixed seat, and the fixed seat is used as a base for installing components such as a rotating shaft.

The torque sensor is installed at the connection between the rotating shaft and the connecting rod. The mud spoon (the target plate and the mud spoon are integrated) is externally connected with an electric fork, and the electric fork is used to form a current path to detect the liquid level. Participate in the second part of the follow-up. The motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the second rotating shaft drives the connecting rod to rotate.

1. Liquid specific gravity measurement and blowout alarm:

Referring to Figure 4-5, the connecting rod is also equipped with an angle sensor for detecting the angle of the connecting rod, and there is a mud scoop on the target plate; when the connecting rod is in a horizontal position, the opening of the mud scoop faces upward;

When the connecting rod rotates counterclockwise to the bottom of the rotating shaft, a certain volume of mud liquid is scooped out from the mud liquid flowing above the base. When the connecting rod rotates to the position shown in Figure 4 (that is, the angle sensor detects that the connecting rod is parallel to the horizontal direction, which is 180°), the torque sensor installed on the rotating shaft measures the torque value and calculates the current The mass of the mud liquid in the mud scoop. The mass and volume of the mud scoop are known, and the mass of the mud scoop and the liquid in the mud scoop is measured, so that the specific gravity of the mud liquid can be easily obtained. For example, it is known that the volume of the designed container is V, and when the angle sensor detects that the connecting rod forms an angle of 180° with the horizontal direction, the specific gravity of the liquid is calculated;

After measuring the quality in the mud scoop, the connecting rod then rotates back clockwise.

The following calculations and processing are performed in the computing unit:

(1) Driven by the motor, when the mud spoon on the connecting rod scoops out a spoonful of mud from the flowing mud liquid, and the connecting rod continues to rise to reach parallel to the horizontal direction, calculate the mass of the mud liquid in the mud spoon at this time m [The calculation principle is: M=mg*L from M=F*L, then the mass m=M/gL, one of the specific calculation methods is: when the connecting rods are all in the horizontal direction, the mud scoop Measure the torque once when there is no mud, and measure the torque again when there is mud in the mud scoop. The difference between the two measured torque values, namely △M, is caused by the weight of the mud in the mud scoop, and the mass of the mud is m= △M/gL], the volume V of the mud scoop is known, then the specific gravity value of the mud liquid can be calculated by the following formula

(2) When the specific gravity value of the mud liquid is greater than the first preset threshold value, or when the specific gravity change value per unit time is greater than the second preset threshold value, the calculation unit activates the alarm unit to implement an alarm.

The preset threshold value of the specific gravity and the preset threshold value of the specific gravity change value are set by the operator.

2. Liquid level measurement:

As shown in Figure 6, the principle of liquid level measurement is explained: due to the conductive properties of the mud liquid, when the electric fork outside the mud spoon is in the mud liquid, a circuit will be formed. In this way, there is current in the loop. And when the electric fork is outside the mud, the air resistance is infinite, so the current is 0.

Therefore, in a moment, there is current in the circuit, and at At this moment, the current is 0 (that is, the connecting rod is in the position shown in Figure 6). At this time, the liquid level can be calculated. The ammeter adopts 0-10mA specifications, the voltage uses a 5V DC voltage power supply, and the resistance is 500Ω.

After detecting the liquid level height, the connecting rod rotates counterclockwise back, and so on.

There is an electric fork on the target plate; the electric fork is connected to one end of the current detection circuit, and the other end of the current detection circuit is connected to the flowing mud liquid; the flowing mud liquid is used as a conductor; an ammeter is arranged in the current detection circuit;

During the rotation of the connecting rod, when the reading of the ammeter jumps, it means that the electric fork is in contact with the mud fluid or the electric fork leaves the mud liquid, and the angle sensor detects the angle between the connecting rod and the horizontal direction at this time. α, the height of the liquid level is h=H-L·sinα; where H is the height of the rotating shaft and the upper surface of the base, and L is the sum of the length of the connecting rod and the length of the target plate.

3. Velocity measurement and well kick alarm

The following calculations and processing are performed in the computing unit:

(1) Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, when the connecting rod is in the vertical position and the target plate (i.e. the bottom surface of the mud scoop) is immersed in the mud, the calculation unit detects the torque value M by reading the torque sensor; according to the following formula Calculate the impact force F caused by the mud fluid on the target plate:

F=M/L, L is the length of the connecting rod;

(2) The calculation unit calculates the flow velocity v of the mud by the following formula:

Among them, _Cd is the fluid resistance coefficient, A is the projected area on the horizontal plane when the target plate is in the horizontal position, and ρ is the density of the mud;

When the flow velocity v is greater than the third preset threshold value, or the flow velocity change value Δv per unit time is greater than the fourth preset value, the calculation unit activates the alarm unit to give an alarm. [The preset threshold value of the flow rate and the preset threshold value of the change value of the flow rate are set by the operator].

Claims (5)

1. a Novel well fails to report alarm device, it is characterised in that include base (1), rotating shaft (2), connecting rod (4), mud spoon (5), Computing unit and alarm unit；

Described base is arranged at the mud flow export of pipeline；Base has a base plate and two side plates (3)；Two side plates Vertical and base plate is fixed on the opposite sides of base plate；And arrange along mud flow direction；

Rotating shaft is arranged on 2 blocks of side plates, motor drive；

One end of connecting rod is fixed in rotating shaft, and the other end of connecting rod is fixed with described mud spoon；When connecting rod is horizontal, Mud spoon opening up；

Rotating shaft is provided with torque sensor；

Torque sensor is connected with computing unit；

Computing unit is connected with alarm unit；

Computing unit perform calculated below and process:

(1) under motor drives, when scooping out one spoonful of mud in the slurry liquid from flowing of the mud spoon on connecting rod, and connecting rod continues When continuous rising reaches with horizontal direction parallel, calculating quality m of slurry liquid in now mud spoon, the volume V of mud spoon is it is known that then The rate of specific gravity of slurry liquid it is calculated by following formula $\mathrm{\ρ}=\frac{m}{V};$

(2) when the rate of specific gravity of slurry liquid is more than the first predetermined threshold value, or in the unit interval, proportion changing value is preset more than second During threshold value, computing unit starts alarm unit and implements to report to the police.

Novel well the most according to claim 1 fails to report alarm device, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with for examining on described connecting rod Survey the angular transducer of link angle.

Novel well the most according to claim 2 fails to report alarm device, it is characterised in that be provided with an electricity fork on mud spoon； Electricity fork is connected with one end of current detection circuit, and the other end of current detection circuit is connected with the slurry liquid of flowing；With flowing Slurry liquid is as conductor；Current detection circuit is provided with ammeter；

In the rotary course of connecting rod, when the reading generation saltus step of ammeter, slurry liquid or electricity that i.e. expression electricity fork-join contacts are pitched Leave from slurry liquid, record now angular transducer and detect connecting rod and the angle [alpha] alleged by horizontal direction, then liquid level is H=H-L sin α；Wherein H is the height of rotating shaft and the upper surface of base, and L is the length length sum with mud spoon of connecting rod.

4. fail to report alarm device according to the Novel well described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the end of described mud spoon Face is as the target plate for detecting mud speed rate；Mud speed rate based on this detection carries out well kick warning；In computing unit also Perform calculated below and process:

(1) when connecting rod is in vertical position and target plate is immersed in mud, computing unit is detected by reading torque sensor Moment values M；It is calculated the impulse force F that target plate is caused by slurry liquid according to following formula:

F=M/L, L are length of connecting rods；

(2) computing unit is calculated the flow velocity v of mud again by following formula:

Wherein, C_dFor Flow Resistant Coefficient, A be target plate when being horizontal on the perspective plane of horizontal plane Long-pending, ρ is the density of mud；

(3) when flow velocity v is more than three predetermined threshold value, or when in the unit interval, change in flow value △ v is more than four preset values, meter Calculate unit starting alarm unit to implement to report to the police.

5. a Novel well fails to report alarm method, it is characterised in that use the Novel well described in claim 1 to fail to report alarm device；Bag Include following steps:

Step 1: the rate of specific gravity of detection slurry liquid:

Under motor drives, when scooping out one spoonful of mud in the slurry liquid from flowing of the mud spoon on connecting rod, and connecting rod continues Rise when reaching with horizontal direction parallel, calculate quality m of slurry liquid in now mud spoon, the volume V of mud spoon it is known that then by Following formula is calculated the rate of specific gravity of slurry liquid

Step 2: alarming step:

When the rate of specific gravity of slurry liquid is more than the first predetermined threshold value, or in the unit interval, proportion changing value is more than the second predetermined threshold value Time, computing unit starts alarm unit and implements to report to the police.