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CN104122671B - 一种三维显示装置 - Google Patents

一种三维显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104122671B
CN104122671B CN201410327883.7A CN201410327883A CN104122671B CN 104122671 B CN104122671 B CN 104122671B CN 201410327883 A CN201410327883 A CN 201410327883A CN 104122671 B CN104122671 B CN 104122671B
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light
dimensional
display panel
dimensional grating
display device
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CN104122671A (zh
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李伟
董学
王凯旋
袁洪亮
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/572,003 priority patent/US9766470B2/en
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    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • H04N13/315—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers the parallax barriers being time-variant
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种三维显示装置，将三维光栅直接设置在显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上，在三维光栅分为多个交替而置的透光区域和遮光区域，在三维光栅的每个遮光区域处设置有电致变色层，电致变色层在加载电压时为遮光状态，在未加载电压时为透光状态，在三维显示模式下在遮光区域可以形成暗条纹，在透光区域可以形成明条纹，从而实现三维显示功能。本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置，省去了三维光栅原有的底层衬底，将三维光栅直接设置在显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上，减薄了模组整体的厚度，并且由于省去了三维光栅的底层衬底，还可以降低显示装置的过透过率的损失。

Description

一种三维显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种三维显示装置。
背景技术
目前，随着液晶显示技术的不断发展，三维显示技术已经备受关注，三维显示技术可以使得画面变得立体逼真，其最基本的原理是利用左右人眼分别接收不同画面，然后经过大脑对图像信息进行叠加重生，构成立体方向效果的影像。
目前三维显示技术主要分为裸眼式和眼镜式两种实现方式，其中，眼镜式三维显示技术需要佩戴专门的眼镜，携带不方便，因此在平板和手机类产品更多注重发展裸眼式三维显示。目前的裸眼式三维显示的实现方式主要有屏障栅栏(barrier)和柱状透镜两种方式，而柱状透镜由于一般不能和诸如液晶显示屏或者有机电致发光显示屏的平板显示屏的工艺兼容，所以更多面板厂商将研究的重点放在屏障栅栏式裸眼三维显示。
目前，实现屏障栅栏式裸眼三维显示的显示装置一般在显示面板前方设置光屏障(Barrier)或狭缝光栅等遮蔽物，如图1所示，通过光屏障或狭缝光栅的条纹的光形成垂直或者与水平方向成一定角度的细条栅模式，即“视差障壁”，在3D显示模式下，通过光屏障或狭缝光栅将左眼图像画面信息和右眼图像画面信息有选择地分离，即让观看者的左眼只能看到显示左眼画面信息的偶数列像素，而观察者的右眼被遮挡不能看到显示左眼画面信息的偶数列像素，反之亦然。因此观察者的左眼只能看到显示屏偶数列像素显示的图像，而右眼只能看到显示屏的奇数列像素显示的图像，这样观察者就能接受到视差立体图像对，产生深度感知，达到3D显示的效果。
为实现狭缝光栅的效果，在具体实施时，一般在显示面板的出光侧表面叠加一层TN型液晶光栅，在不加电状态下为常白状态，在加电时黑白间隔显示，从而实现3D显示。该种三维显示工艺目前较为成熟，价格较为便宜，可以实现2D/3D之间的切换，但是由于需要在显示面板上叠加一层液晶光栅，导致显示模组整体较厚，在2D显示时透过率的损失较高，损失约20％左右。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种三维显示装置，用以降低裸眼式三维显示装置的光透过率损失以及模组厚度。
因此，本发明实施例提供的一种三维显示装置，包括：显示面板，以及设置在所述显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上的三维光栅；其中，
所述三维光栅分为多个交替而置的透光区域和遮光区域，在所述三维光栅的每个所述遮光区域处设置有电致变色层，所述电致变色层在加载电压时为遮光状态，在未加载电压时为透光状态；或，所述电致变色层在未加载电压时为遮光状态，在加载电压时为透光状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述三维光栅的一个所述透光区域与所述显示面板中的相邻的两列像素对应，其中一列像素用于显示左眼图像，另一列像素用于显示右眼图像。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述三维光栅还包括：分别与各所述电致变色层连接的第一透明电极和第二透明电极。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极交替排列在各所述透光区域。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述第一透明电极位于所述电致变色层和所述衬底基板之间，所述第二透明电极位于所述电致变色层之上。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述第一透明电极仅设置于各所述遮光区域，或设置于各所述透光区域和各所述遮光区域；
所述第二透明电极仅设置于各所述遮光区域。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述电致变色层包括至少一层电致变色材料。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板，所述液晶显示面板的上偏光片贴覆于所述三维光栅的出光侧。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中，所述显示面板为有机电致发光显示面板；
在所述三维光栅的出光侧设置有四分之一波长片。
本发明实施例的有益效果包括：
本发明实施例提供的一种三维显示装置，将三维光栅直接设置在显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上，在三维光栅分为多个交替而置的透光区域和遮光区域，在三维光栅的每个遮光区域处设置有电致变色层，电致变色层在加载电压时为遮光状态，在未加载电压时为透光状态，在三维显示模式下在遮光区域可以形成暗条纹，在透光区域可以形成明条纹，从而实现三维显示功能。本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置，省去了三维光栅原有的底层衬底，将三维光栅直接设置在显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上，减薄了模组整体的厚度，并且由于省去了三维光栅的底层衬底，还可以降低显示装置的过透过率的损失。
附图说明
图1为现有的裸眼三维显示的原理示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置的结构示意图之一；
图3a-图3d为本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置中三维光栅的第一透明电极和第二透明电极的具体结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置计算可视距离的原理示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置的结构示意图之二。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置的具体实施方式进行详细地说明。
附图中各层薄膜厚度和区域大小形状不反映三维显示装置的真实比例，目的只是示意说明本发明内容。
本发明实施例提供的一种三维显示装置，如图2所示，包括：显示面板10，以及设置在显示面板10出光侧的衬底基板101上的三维光栅20；其中，
三维光栅20分为多个交替而置的透光区域a和遮光区域b，在三维光栅20的每个遮光区域b处设置有电致变色层201，电致变色层201在加载电压时为遮光状态，在未加载电压时为透光状态；或，所述电致变色层在未加载电压时为遮光状态，在加载电压时为透光状态。下面都是以电致变色层201在加载电压时为遮光状态，在未加载电压时为透光状态为例进行说明。
本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置，省去了三维光栅20原有的底层衬底，将三维光栅20直接设置在显示面板10出光侧的衬底基板101上，减薄了模组整体的厚度，并且由于省去了三维光栅20的底层衬底，还可以降低三维显示装置的过透过率的损失。
在具体实施时，在本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置中的显示面板10中一般阵列排布多个像素，在3D显示模式下，可以在奇数列的像素列上显示左眼看到的画面，偶数列像素上显示右眼看到的画面；当然也可以以多列像素为一个周期，间隔显示左眼和右眼看到的画面，在此不做具体限定。值得注意的是，一个周期内包含像素列越多，其三维显示精度越低，因此，一般采用在奇数列的像素列上显示左眼看到的画面，偶数列像素上显示右眼看到的画面。因此，在3D显示模式下，为了使三维光栅20分别遮挡观察者双眼，使观察者的左眼只能看到显示屏偶数列像素显示的图像，而右眼只能看到显示屏的奇数列像素显示的图像，从而形成景深的三维效果，一般会将三维光栅20的一个遮光区域b与显示面板10中的相邻的两列像素对应，其中一列像素用于显示左眼图像，另一列像素用于显示右眼图像，以便左眼图像和右眼图像从该遮光区域b相邻的透光区域a出射到对应的左眼和右眼，实现三维显示效果。
具体地，本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置中，在三维光栅20中采用对每个遮光区域b包含的电致变色层201加载电压，使其变为不透光的状态，以达到遮光条纹的效果。在具体实施时，为了实现对各遮光区域b包含的电致变色层201加载电压的功能，在本发明实施例提供的上述三位显示装置中的三维光栅如图3a至图3d所示，还包括：分别与各电致变色层201连接的第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203，在3D显示模式下，可以通过对第一透明电极202加载正电压信号，对第二透明电极203加载负电压信号的方式，控制电致变色层变色。一般地，第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203之间加载信号的压差一般控制在10V左右即可控制电致变色层201变色。
在具体实施时，在本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置中，控制各电致变色层201加载电压的第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203可以有多种实现结构，下面举例说明。
第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203的第一种实现结构，如图3a所示，可以在三维光栅的透光区域a交替排列第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203，即第一透明电极202、第二透明电极203和电致变色层201位于同一膜层的不同区域；并且，由于各第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203在3D显示模式下一般加载相同的电压信号，因此，如图3b所示，可以将各第一透明电极202在一端连接，将各第二透明电极203在另一端连接，使两者形成如图3b所示的插指结构，并在各插指的间隙处沉积分别与第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203连接的由电致变色材料形成电致变色层201。进一步地，在具体制作时，可以将第一透明电极202或第二透明电极203与电致变色层201的接触处设置成相互搭接，以便于第一透明电极202或第二透明电极203更好的向电致变色层201加载电压信号。
第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203的第二种实现结构，如图3c和3d所示，可以将第一透明电极202设置于电致变色层201和衬底基板101之间，将第二透明电极203设置于电致变色层201之上，即第一透明电极202、电致变色层201和第二透明电极203构成层级关系。
在具体实施时，位于底层的第一透明电极202在制作时可以进行构图，即如图3c所示可以仅在各遮光区域b设置第一透明电极202，在各透光区域a不设置第一透明电极202；位于底层的第一透明电极202在制作时也可以不进行构图整层设置，即如图3d所示在各透光区域a和各遮光区域b均设置第一透明电极202。而位于顶层的第二透明电极203在制作时一般进行构图，即一般仅在各遮光区域b设置第二透明电极203。
可以看出，第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203的第一种实现结构相对于第二种实现结构其膜层结构相对更简单，第一种实现结构将第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203设置在同一膜层上，相对于第二种实现结构制作工艺的步骤更加简单，但是第一种实现结构相对于第二种实现结构，第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203与电致变色层201的接触面积相对较小，相应信号传输质量也会相对较差，在实际运用时可以根据实际需要选择第一透明电极202和第二透明电极203的具体实现结构，在此不做限定。
进一步地，在本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置中，为了实现遮光效果，在三维光栅20中的电致变色层201可以由至少一层电致变色材料组成，例如可以由一层加载电压后变为黑色的电致变色材料制成，例如可以为亚铁氰化亚铁(普鲁士白)等无机材料，或者其他有机电致变色薄膜等单一材料；也可以由多层加载电压后变为不同颜色最后合成黑色的电致变色材料制成，例如由电致变红色的吩噻嗪、电致变蓝的紫罗精、电致变黄的聚苯胺等多种材料按比例配制组成，在此不做限定。
在具体实施时，不管是设置多层电致变色材料组成电致变色层201，还是设置单层电致变色材料组成电致变色层201，一般在衬底基板101表面沉积的薄膜材料的总体厚度不会超过几十μm，相对于现有的液晶光栅式狭缝光栅厚度在几百μm，大幅降低了三维光栅20的整体厚度。而在本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置中，三维光栅20和显示面板10之间的距离仅是显示面板10出光侧的衬底基板101的厚度，而一般衬底基板的厚度控制在0.1-0.2mm左右。在高分辨率(PPI)例如600PPI的显示面板中，各列像素间距一般在40μm左右，根据如图4所示出的原理推导出的公式S＝h*L/P；其中，P为显示面板的各列像素的间距，h为三为光栅与显示面板出光侧之间的距离，C为三维光栅中各透光区域a之间的间距，S即为3D效果的可视距离，L为人双眼之间距离，一般的为65mm；可以计算出本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置的三维可视距离可以控制在30cm左右，适合一般地观看。
在具体实施时，本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置中的显示面板10，如图2所示，可以是液晶显示面板，而液晶显示面板的上偏光片102可以贴覆于三维光栅20的出光侧。
在具体实施时，本发明实施例提供的上述三维显示装置中的显示面板10，如图5所示，还可以是有机电致发光显示面板；此时，可以在三为光栅20的出光侧设置四分之一波长片204，该四分之一波长片204可以过滤外部环境射入三维显示装置后对三维显示装置显示3D图像时的干扰。
本发明实施例提供的一种三维显示装置，将三维光栅直接设置在显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上，在三维光栅分为多个交替而置的透光区域和遮光区域，在三维光栅的每个遮光区域处设置有电致变色层，电致变色层在加载电压时为遮光状态，在未加载电压时为透光状态，在三维显示模式下在遮光区域可以形成暗条纹，在透光区域可以形成明条纹，从而实现三维显示功能。本发明实施例提供的三维显示装置，省去了三维光栅原有的底层衬底，将三维光栅直接设置在显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上，减薄了模组整体的厚度，并且由于省去了三维光栅的底层衬底，还可以降低显示装置的过透过率的损失。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (5)

1.一种三维显示装置，其特征在于，包括：显示面板，以及设置在所述显示面板出光侧的衬底基板上的三维光栅；其中，
所述三维光栅分为多个交替而置的透光区域和遮光区域，在所述三维光栅的每个所述遮光区域处设置有电致变色层，所述电致变色层在加载电压时为遮光状态，在未加载电压时为透光状态；或，所述电致变色层在未加载电压时为遮光状态，在加载电压时为透光状态；所述三维光栅还包括：分别与各所述电致变色层连接的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极交替排列在各所述透光区域，并且各所述第一透明电极的在一端相互连接，各所述第二透明电极在另一端相互连接，各所述第一透明电极和各所述第二透明电极形成插指结构；
相邻的所述电致变色层之间仅设置所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极的二者之一。
2.如权利要求1所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述三维光栅的一个所述遮光区域与所述显示面板中的相邻的两列像素对应，其中一列像素用于显示左眼图像，另一列像素用于显示右眼图像。
3.如权利要求1所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述电致变色层包括至少一层电致变色材料。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板，所述液晶显示面板的上偏光片贴覆于所述三维光栅的出光侧。
5.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的三维显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板为有机电致发光显示面板；
在所述三维光栅的出光侧设置有四分之一波长片。
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