CN104121005B - High energy air stream drives proppant imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum - Google Patents

Abstract

The device of the present invention for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow belongs to the technical field of oil and gas reservoir fracturing reconstruction. The measurement and control instrument controls the high-energy gas eruption mechanism to ignite and eject high-energy gas, and the jet mechanism to inject jet, and controls the two to generate mixed fracturing medium in the mixing mechanism and enter the downhole guide pipeline to reach the perforation injection of the target rock formation, so that the target rock formation is generated. There are more than 3 fractures and the proppant enters the fractures to form a support, which is beneficial to the exploration and production of oil and gas; the equipment is reliable in operation, adopts gas fracturing, does not depend on water resources, the fracturing scale is not limited, and the fuel system of high-energy gas used is common Commodities are easy to obtain, safe to transport and store, and the reaction products are non-polluting and harmless to the reservoir. This kind of equipment uses measurement and control instruments to precisely control the pressure process, and the fracturing effect is good, so it is worth adopting.

Description

Equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations driven by high-energy gas flow

technical field

The equipment disclosed by the present invention for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations belongs to the technical field of fracturing reconstruction of oil and gas reservoirs, and specifically relates to a special equipment for fracturing formations driven by high-energy airflow.

Background technique

At present, the fracturing technology widely used in downhole oil and gas wells is mainly hydraulic fracturing and high-energy gas fracturing based on downhole fracturing bombs. The hydraulic fracturing technology is: using a surface high-pressure pump set to inject high-viscosity fracturing fluid downhole through tubing , wherein the fracturing fluid is a solution in which thickeners, other chemicals and proppants are added to water. The surface high-pressure pump is pressurized so that the pressure of the fracturing fluid exceeds the in-situ stress of the rock formation to form fracturing cracks in the rock formation to realize oil and gas extraction. The advantage of hydraulic fracturing is that it can carry proppant for fracturing. During the fracturing process, the proppant can enter the fracture, form support for the fracture and enhance the conductivity, and it can control the fracturing process on the ground in real time. However, the method of hydraulic fracturing basically only forms a main fracture controlled by the ground stress, which makes the communication area between the mineral seam resources and the production casing not large enough, which is not conducive to the large-scale exploitation of the mineral seam resources. At the same time, the use of hydraulic fracturing requires a lot of large and expensive equipment such as fracturing trucks, proportional sand mixing trucks, bulk loading and unloading equipment, surface pipelines and wellhead devices, which greatly increases construction costs and takes up a lot of space. Moreover, the implementation of the hydraulic fracturing method requires a large amount of water resources. Therefore, a large amount of water resources needs to be transported and stored before construction, which increases transportation costs and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. Moreover, it is difficult to implement in tidal flat oilfields, mountainous oilfields and other areas where construction sites are limited, water resources are poor, and transportation is difficult. In addition, because hydraulic fracturing construction needs to add a large amount of chemicals to the water, it will cause pollution and waste of water resources, and this part of fracturing fluid will enter the groundwater layer through downhole fracturing cracks, which will cause groundwater pollution. The fracturing fluid of hydraulic fracturing will cause great plugging damage to the reservoir, resulting in unsatisfactory gas or oil output from oil and gas wells.

The fracturing medium of high-energy gas fracturing based on downhole fracturing bombs is high-energy gas, which avoids the huge impact on the reservoir and the environment like hydraulic fracturing. Only one logging truck is needed for fracturing construction, and the equipment is simple. It needs to occupy a large space and does not require a lot of water resources. The implementation of the process is to lower the high-energy gas eruption mechanism equipped with fracturing bombs into the target rock formation with a logging cable or oil pipe, and ignite it by electrifying or throwing rods on the ground. , through the deflagration of the fracturing bomb, high-energy gas is generated and acts on the perforation holes of the target layer to achieve fracturing. Due to the rapid pressure rise in the high-energy gas fracturing method that occurs downhole, three or more large fractures that are not controlled by in-situ stress can be formed along the perforation hole in the reservoir, and more natural fractures can be connected, thereby increasing The communication area between the mineral resources of the oil and gas well reservoir and the production casing. However, the disadvantage of this fracturing method is that, limited by the small downhole space, the charge amount is limited, the fracturing scale is small, and there is no proppant in the high-energy gas generated, which cannot support the fracturing fractures to enhance the conductivity. The fracture effect is not obvious, and the stimulation time is short because the fractures are closed due to the influence of in-situ stress. Moreover, the high-energy gas generation in this method is carried out downhole, and the gas volume and fracturing effect of the high-energy gas cannot be controlled in real time. The device of the present invention for driving proppant into underground fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow has many advantages, and can precisely control high-energy gas flow, proppant, etc., which provides a new type of special equipment for fracturing formations for oil and gas well fracturing construction.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the society with the equipment for introducing proppant into downhole fracturing strata by high-energy air flow, which is a special equipment for fracturing formation driven by high-energy air flow generated on the ground.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the equipment for driving the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation by the high-energy gas flow is composed of a high-energy gas eruption mechanism, a jet flow mechanism, a high-energy gas and jet flow mixing mechanism, measurement and control instruments, ground and downhole guide pipelines. The technical feature is that: the high-energy gas eruption mechanism, the jet flow mechanism, the high-energy gas and jet flow mixing mechanism and the measurement and control instrument are all arranged on the ground, and the measurement and control instrument controls the high-energy gas eruption mechanism to ignite and emit high-energy gas, and controls the jet flow mechanism to spray the jet, And control the erupted high-energy gas and jet to interact in the high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism to generate mixed fracturing medium to enter the downhole guide pipeline, and the mixed fracturing medium in the downhole guide pipeline reaches the fracturing formation, and the downhole guide pipeline The screen mouth is aligned with the perforation hole of the target rock formation in the wellbore, and the measurement and control instrument uses temperature, pressure, flow, and micro-seismic sensors to test the parameters of the fracturing process in real time, and intelligently controls the high-energy air flow to drive the proppant to the perforation hole, so that the target rock formation is generated. 3 or more large fractures, and allow proppant to enter the fractures to support the fractures, increase the communication area between the target rock formation and the wellbore, and facilitate the exploration and production of oil and gas

According to the above-mentioned equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow, the technical features include: the measurement and control instrument is composed of electronic control circuit, software system and instrument housing, wherein the electronic control circuit includes: main control microcomputer Or microprocessor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, flow sensor, microseismic sensor, signal conditioning circuit, signal amplification circuit, analog/digital conversion circuit, data storage circuit, communication circuit, control circuit, interface circuit. The temperature sensor, pressure sensor, flow sensor, and microseismic sensor are all arranged on the ground or the ground guide pipeline, and are used to detect and monitor the temperature, pressure, flow and other information of the mixed fracturing medium in the guide pipeline at the target rock formation and the strong pressure The high-energy proppant-containing gas flow is used to collect information such as microseismic and other information on the perforation hole spraying and fracturing the formation. These information collection terminals are respectively connected to the signal conditioning circuit, the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the signal amplification circuit, and the signal amplification circuit is connected to the analog/digital conversion circuit. The analog/digital conversion circuit is connected to the data storage circuit, and the data storage circuit, communication circuit, control circuit, and interface circuit are all connected to and controlled by the main control microcomputer or microprocessor, and the communication circuit is wired through the interface circuit or wirelessly through the antenna. Send all kinds of detection and monitoring information of this equipment to the required departments or parts, and the control circuit is respectively connected through the interface circuit and controls the control and execution components distributed in the high-energy gas eruption mechanism, jet flow mechanism, high-energy gas and jet flow mixing mechanism, guiding pipeline, etc. Components, component actions.

According to the above-mentioned high-energy gas flow driven proppant into the downhole fracturing formation equipment, the technical features are: the high-energy gas eruption mechanism is composed of a high-energy gas combustion chamber, an ignition plug, an oxidant feeding pipe and a valve, and a reducing agent feeding Tube and valve, catalyst feed tube and valve, additive feed tube and valve, etc. Each feed port of the combustion chamber is connected to the oxidant storage tank, reductant storage tank, catalyst storage tank, and additive through each feed tube and valve. The storage tank and the high-energy gas ejection port of the combustion chamber are connected to the high-energy gas inlet of the high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism. The ignition plug is arranged in the combustion chamber and connected with the interface circuit of the measurement and control instrument to be controlled. The oxidant is nitrogen tetroxide or nitric acid. Ammonium, or nitric acid, or red smoke nitric acid, or liquid oxygen, or liquid fluorine, or H ₂ O ₂ , or their combination, the combination of various components selected for the oxidant is that the above various components are Combination of components in proportion. The reducing agent is selected from liquid hydrogen, or alcohol, or hydrazine, or methylhydrazine, or unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, or mixed hydrazine-50, or kerosene, or gasoline, or furfuryl alcohol, or various alcohol alkanes, or aniline , or ammonia, or borohydride, or glycerin, or a combination thereof, the combination of various components selected for the reducing agent is a combination of the above-mentioned various components in proportion to the components. The catalyst is selected to use metal, or metal salt, or ferric chloride hydrate and the like. The additives are selected from H ₂ O, or ammonia, or methanol, or furfuryl alcohol, or aluminum, or beryllium, or lithium.

According to the above-mentioned equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow, the technical features include: the jet mechanism is composed of a proppant storage tank, a discharge regulating valve, a liquid storage tank, a solid-liquid mixer, and a liquid booster. It consists of a pressure pump, a high-pressure liquid valve, and a high-pressure nozzle. The inlet of the solid-liquid mixer is connected to the proppant storage tank and the liquid booster pump, the liquid booster pump is connected to the liquid storage tank, and the outlet of the solid-liquid mixer is connected to the high-pressure nozzle. Jet jet, the proppant is selected from quartz sand, or ceramic particles, or coal gangue particles. The liquid of the jet is selected to be easy to mix, carry and transport the proppant, such as water or aqueous solution with stable chemical characteristics. The aqueous solution is a metal salt solution, such as sodium chloride solution or potassium chloride solution. The high-pressure liquid valve is arranged between the liquid booster pump and the solid-liquid mixer, and its switch can be controlled through the control end of the high-pressure liquid valve.

According to the above-mentioned equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow, the technical features include: the high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism is mainly composed of a mixer, and the inlets of the mixer are respectively connected to the outlets of the high-pressure nozzles of the jets and the high-energy gas eruption outlet, the outlet of the mixer is connected to the inlet of the downhole guide pipe; the downhole guide pipe is selected to use high temperature resistant, high-strength metal or other alternative materials, and the guide pipe can be selected to use oil pipe, drill pipe, The end of the downhole guide pipe forms the screen mouth. The screen pipe opening of the guide pipe is evenly distributed with circular holes on the pipe wall to communicate with the inside and outside of the screen pipe.

According to the above-mentioned high-energy gas flow driven proppant into the downhole fracturing formation equipment, the technical features also include: a. The fracturing process is intelligently controlled by the measurement and control instrument, that is, according to the pressure, temperature, The flow rate and microseismic parameter changes are used to adjust the fracturing parameter values of proppant driven by high-energy gas flow. The various fracturing parameters mentioned include parameters such as temperature, flow rate, and pressure of the mixed pressure medium. b. In the fracturing process, the pressure value of the mixed fracturing medium, boosting time, gas temperature, and proppant-containing parameters are regulated by the measurement and control instrument, so that the strong-pressure high-energy gas flow containing proppant produces a pulsating pressure process or a continuous pressure process , or multi-platform pressure process. The pulsating pressure is to control the production amount and speed of high-energy gas through the ground, so that the downhole pressure rises rapidly to the peak value, so that the target rock stratum forms cracks along the perforation holes, and then reduces the combustion speed to make the downhole pressure drop, and finally through the control of ground equipment The high-energy gas is generated again to make the downhole pressure reach the peak value again, so that the pulsating pressure process is formed repeatedly. The continuous pressure process described above is to make the high-energy gas eruption mechanism generate a certain amount of high-energy gas at a certain speed through the precise control of ground equipment, so that the downhole pressure reaches a specific value, and then absorb the pressure with the formation of cracks in the target rock formation, and control the high-energy gas in real time. The eruption mechanism generates high-energy gas to supplement to maintain a specific pressure value. The multi-platform pressure process is to precisely control the high-energy gas eruption mechanism on the ground to make it generate a certain amount of high-energy gas at a certain speed, so that the downhole pressure reaches a certain value, and after maintaining the pressure value for a certain period of time, the high-energy gas eruption mechanism is controlled to continue A certain amount of high-energy gas is produced to make the downhole pressure reach a new specific value, and so repeated can form a multi-platform pressure process. The pressure value of the mixed fracturing medium is selected to be 1.5 to 3.5 times the fracture pressure of the rock formation, and the pressure rise rate is greater than 2MPa/ms. The fracture pressure value of the rock formation is 20-70MPa. c. In the fracturing process, the temperature of the mixed fracturing medium is regulated by controlling the ratio of the size of the jet to the high-energy gas through the measurement and control instrument. The high-energy gas is used to cool down the heat-absorbing characteristic of jet vaporization, so as to reduce the influence of the high temperature of the mixed fracturing medium strong pressure high-energy gas flow containing proppant on the strength of the guide pipe. d. Proppants of different particle sizes are installed in the proppant storage tank, and different types and sizes of proppants are adjusted, adopted or added through measurement and control instruments at different stages of the fracturing process. The different types refer to different types such as ceramsite, or sand, or coal gangue. Proppants of different sizes refer to sand, ceramsite, or coal gangue particles of different sizes of 12-18 mesh, or 12-20 mesh, or 16-20 mesh, or 20-40 mesh, or 30-50 mesh. e. The equipment for fracturing the stratum has a safety setting, which is a pressure relief valve installed on the ground guiding pipeline. When the pressure in the ground guiding pipeline exceeds the safety threshold, the pressure relief valve passes the measurement and control Instrument control is turned on. This device will be safer with this pressure relief valve. f. A packer is applied up and down the target rock section in the fracturing process, and only the target rock section is under pressure. Having this setting makes the device safer and more energy efficient. g. The target perforation hole of the target rock formation in the fracturing process is the hole pierced by the perforating bullet on the well wall of the target rock formation, or the channel formed by the hydraulic slit, or the hole groove formed by the cutting bullet, which constitute a mixed The passage of fracturing media into the target rock formation. These holes, tunnels, and slots are channels for the mixed fracturing medium to enter the target rock formation for fracturing, especially the passage for the proppant to enter the target rock formation.

According to the above-mentioned high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation, the technical features also include: a. The measurement and control instrument is provided with a control terminal and a data acquisition terminal, and the data acquisition terminal is connected to a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor respectively , flow sensor, and microseismic sensor, whose control ends are respectively connected to the ignition plug control end, oxidant valve control end, reductant valve control end, catalyst valve control end, additive valve control end, and liquid booster pump switch of the solid-liquid mixer , proppant feed valve, proppant discharge valve, and gas check valve switch are connected, and the measurement and control instrument judges the current operating status of the entire set of equipment by receiving, analyzing, and processing data collected by temperature, pressure, flow, and microseismic sensors. Realize real-time intelligent control of the operation of each stage of the fracturing process. The gas one-way valve is a device that allows the gas to flow only along the inlet, but the outlet medium cannot flow back. This device does not need external switch control, and it has the property of one-way conducting fluid. b. The measurement and control instrument intelligently controls the entire set of equipment according to the parameters collected in real time by the temperature, pressure, flow, and microseismic sensors. Fracturing parameters, the various fracturing parameters of the high-energy gas flow driving the proppant refer to parameters such as the temperature, flow, pressure, and flow rate of the mixed fracturing medium. Control the flow, airflow temperature, airflow containing proppant dose, pressure, boost time, and pressure process series parameters to produce pulsating pressure process, or continuous pressure process, or multi-platform pressure process to achieve the target rock formation fracturing engineering requirements Various fracturing effects. The above-mentioned various fracturing effects are fracturing three or more larger fractures in the target rock formation under different geological environments, so as to increase the communication area between the mineral resources and the production casing.

According to the above-mentioned equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow, the technical features also include: a. The high-energy gas eruption mechanism has four feeding ports of oxidant, reducing agent, catalyst and additive, and these feeding The ports are respectively connected to the booster pumps and then to the feed storage tanks. The measurement and control instrument precisely controls the four feed valves and their booster pumps respectively, so that the four fuels are sprayed into the high-energy gas combustion chamber in proportion, and the combustion chamber is in a fluid state. The bell shape is fully mixed and burned. There is an ignition plug controlled by the measurement and control instrument in the room. The inner wall of the combustion chamber is provided with heat insulation materials. The outer combustion chamber is surrounded by circulating water cooling pipes to take away excess heat from the combustion chamber. b. Alternatively, the four fuels of the oxidizing agent, reducing agent, catalyst and additive are sprayed into the high-energy gas combustion chamber in proportion and can be ignited by themselves after mixing. In this case, the high-energy gas combustion chamber may not be provided with an ignition plug and its control. c. Regulate the feed dosage of each fuel component in the high-energy gas combustion chamber, the proportion of liquid and proppant in the jet of the solid-liquid mixer, and the jet injection velocity through measurement and control instruments, and then adjust the ratio of high-energy gas to jet to control the mixed fracturing medium The pressure, temperature, flow, and energy required by the fracturing engineering can be used to produce the fracturing process and results required by the fracturing project. The fracturing process required by the fracturing project is a pulsating pressure process, a continuous pressure process, and a multi-platform pressure process. The fracturing result is to make the target rock formation form 3 or more larger fractures through fracturing, and make the proppant Entering the fracture supports the fracture to increase the drainage area between the fluid in the formation and the production casing.

According to the above-mentioned high-energy gas flow-driven proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation, the technical features also include: a. The liquid inlet of the solid-liquid mixer is connected to the liquid storage tank through a liquid booster pump, and the solid-liquid mixer's The proppant inlet is connected to the proppant storage tank through the discharge regulating valve, and the liquid is pumped out from the storage tank by the liquid booster pump to form a high-pressure liquid flow through the proppant outlet and carry the proppant into the solid-liquid mixer for mixing, and pass through The high-pressure nozzle forms a jet, and the jet and high-energy gas are mixed in the high-energy gas and jet mixer to form a mixed fracturing medium, which enters the downhole guide pipeline, and the discharge regulating valve and high-pressure liquid valve are controlled by measurement and control instruments to control the proppant and liquid The feed ratio and flow rate of the gas flow, and then control the ratio of high-energy gas and jet flow, as well as the gas production and flow rate, gas flow temperature, gas flow containing proppant, pressure, boosting time, and pressure process of the mixed fracturing medium. A series of parameters to generate a pulsating pressure process, or a continuous pressure process, or a multi-platform pressure process, to achieve various fracturing effects required by the target rock formation fracturing engineering. b. The high-pressure nozzle of the solid-liquid mixer has many fine nozzle holes, and the fine nozzle nozzles eject fine jets, which are fully mixed with high-energy gas. After the jet is mixed with high-energy gas at ambient temperature, it absorbs heat and vaporizes into gas, increasing The total amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas reduces the temperature of the mixed gas, and the high-energy gas is used to cool down the heat-absorbing characteristics of the jet flow to reduce the influence of the high temperature of the mixed fracturing medium, high-pressure, high-energy and proppant-containing gas flow on the strength of the guide pipe. The gas flow temperature is controlled within 800 degrees Celsius, and it becomes a mixed fracturing medium of high-pressure high-energy gas and proppant. The fine spray holes of the high-pressure nozzle have a diameter of 1-3 mm.

According to the above-mentioned equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow, the technical features include: using a mixed fracturing medium of high-pressure high-energy gas and proppant with a certain pressure, temperature, flow rate and flow rate to pass through the guide pipe, The wellbore perforation holes enter the target rock formation, and the pressure of the mixed fracturing medium is used to crack the rock formation to form 3 or more large fractures and many micro-cracks. The contact and action process of the mixed fracturing medium and the rock formation will be lost to the formation and heat The loss reduces the volume of the gas, thereby settling the proppant in the mixed fracturing medium in the fracture, forming a support for the fracture, establishing a drainage channel between the formation fluid and the wellbore, and preventing the fracture from closing. This is the advantage and superior performance of the technical elements of the device of the present invention using the high-energy gas flow to drive the proppant to fracture the formation.

The advantages of the invented equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow are as follows: 1. The equipment of the invention is reliable in operation, and the working process does not depend on water resources. 2. The equipment of the present invention adopts gas fracturing, has a short flowback time, does not damage the reservoir, and does not pollute the formation. 3. The equipment of the present invention adopts gas fracturing, and its high-energy gas generating mechanisms are all on the ground, which is not affected by the narrow space in the well and the amount of charge, so that the scale of fracturing is not limited. 4. The oxidizing agent and reducing agent used by the equipment of the present invention to produce high-energy gas and their reaction products are clean and pollution-free, and the reaction of the oxidizing agent and reducing agent used in the equipment of the present invention requires specific conditions, normal temperature and pressure, and an environment without catalysts Under no reaction, transport and storage safety. 5. The used oxidizing agent and reductant of the equipment of the present invention can adopt general-purpose commodity, obtain easily, can be ammonium nitrate, glycerol, kerosene etc. as reductant, and oxidant can be potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium hypochlorite etc. Inexpensive, not subject to dangerous goods regulation. 6. The equipment of the present invention uses ground measurement and control instruments to precisely control the pressure process, and has high efficiency. The high-energy gas generating mechanism can quickly generate a large amount of high-energy gas, the energy is concentrated, and the pressure rise time is fast. In 1ms to 10ms, it can form a gas that is not subject to ground stress. Larger fractures or fractures controlled by ground stress. 7. Since the high-energy gas of the equipment of the present invention is generated on the ground and can be accurately controlled by ground measurement and control instruments, the high-energy gas can be controlled to form pulsating fracturing downhole, and the fracturing effect is enhanced. 8. In the equipment of the present invention, the liquid that is stirred with the proppant to form the proppant suspension can be water, but the requirement for water resources is low, and the amount used is very small, which will not cause difficulties in transportation. This kind of high-energy gas flow drives proppant into downhole fracturing formation equipment is worth adopting and popularizing.

Description of drawings

There are 8 drawings in the description of the present invention:

Fig. 1 is an overall structural diagram of equipment for driving proppant into a downhole fracturing formation by a high-energy gas flow;

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of equipment structure for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formation by high-energy gas flow;

Fig. 3 is a jet mechanism diagram;

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the high-energy gas eruption mechanism;

Fig. 5 is a diagram of a high-pressure nozzle, wherein: diagram a is a left side view, and diagram b is a front view;

Figure 6 is a diagram of the internal structure of the measurement and control instrument;

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of equipment for driving proppant into downhole fracturing formations by high-energy gas flow;

Figure 8 is a flow chart of the measurement and control instrument.

A unified reference number is used in each figure, that is, the same object uses the same reference number in each figure. In each figure:

1. High-energy gas eruption mechanism; 2. Nozzle temperature sensor; 3. Nozzle flow sensor; 4. Pressure relief valve; 5. Ground guiding pipeline; 6. Oxidant valve control end; 7. Reductant valve control end; Valve control terminal; 9. Additive valve control terminal; 10. Measurement and control instrument; 11. Gas check valve; 12. Mixing temperature sensor; 13. High pressure nozzle; 14. Wellhead flow sensor; Seismic sensor; 17. Ignition plug control end; 18. Nozzle temperature test end; 19. Nozzle flow test end; 20. Pressure relief valve control end;

21. Pipeline pressure test end; 22. Wellhead flow test end; 23. Mixed fracturing medium; 24. Screen mouth; 25. Bottom plug; 26. Lower packer; 27. Target formation; 28. Perforation holes ;29. Upper packer; 30. Downhole guide pipe; 31. Formation; 32. Wellhead blowout preventer; 33. Pipeline pressure sensor; 34. High-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism; 35. Jet mechanism; 36. Discharge Regulating valve control end; 37. High-pressure liquid valve control end; 38. Liquid booster pump control valve; 39. Mixing temperature sensor test end; 40. Annular pressure test end; 41. Microseismic test end; 42. Solid-liquid mixing 43. Discharge regulating valve; 44. Liquid one-way valve; 45. High-pressure liquid valve; 46. Liquid booster pump; 47. Liquid storage tank; 48. Propant storage tank; 49. Additive feed pipe; 50 .Additive; 51. Additive valve; 52. Ignition plug; 53. Radiator; 54. Coolant; 55. Catalyst; 56. Catalyst feed pipe; 57. Reductant feed pipe; 58. Reductant valve; 59. Reductant; 60. Oxidant valve; 61. Oxidant; 62. Oxidant feed pipe; 63. Combustion chamber; 64. Insulation layer; 65. Catalyst valve; 66. Flange screw hole; 67. Jet flow; ; 69. Main control module; 70. Communication serial port; 71. Display screen; 72. DC power supply; 73. AC power supply; 78. Assemble the jet mechanism; 79. Assemble the high-energy gas eruption mechanism; 80. Install temperature and pressure sensors; 81. Connect the instrument test end; 82. Connect the instrument control end; 83. Power on the instrument; 84. Assembling high-energy gas raw materials; 85. Pressure test and ignition; 86. Monitoring annular pressure; 87. Opening the pressure relief valve; 88. The pressure in the pipeline is reduced to atmospheric pressure; .Open the feed valves of the high-energy gas eruption mechanism; 92. Fracturing ignition; 93. Monitor the pipeline pressure; 94. Open the pressure relief valve to release the pressure to the threshold range; 95. Monitor the temperature of the pipeline; 96. Spray water to cool down; 97. Monitor Mixed fracturing medium flow rate; 98. Pipeline pressure release to atmospheric pressure; 99. Dismantle equipment; 100. Construction completed; 101. Instrument starts working; 102. Instrument receives programmed value; 105. Open the ignition plug control terminal; 106. Monitor the annular space pressure test terminal; 107. Open each control terminal of the high-energy gas raw material; 108. Monitor the pipeline pressure test terminal; 109. Control the release pressure of the instrument; 110. Monitor the temperature test end of the pipeline; 111. The instrument controls the water spray to cool down; 112. Monitor the flow test end of the mixed fracturing medium; 113. Open the control end of the pressure relief valve; 114. Monitor the pressure test end of the pipeline until the reading is atmospheric pressure; 115. Turn off the instrument.

detailed description

The non-limiting examples of the equipment for introducing the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation of the present invention are as follows:

Example 1. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The high-energy gas flow-driven proppant introduced into downhole fracturing formation equipment in this example is a special equipment that uses high-energy gas flow to drive proppant fracturing formation. The specific structure of this equipment is shown in Figures 1-8. It is the overall structure diagram of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation. Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the equipment structure for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation. In the two figures: 1 is the high-energy gas eruption mechanism, and 2 is the nozzle temperature. Sensors, 3 is the nozzle flow sensor, 4 is the pressure relief valve, 5 is the ground guide pipe, 6 is the control end of the oxidant valve, 7 is the control end of the reducing agent valve, 8 is the control end of the catalyst valve, 9 is the control end of the additive valve, 10 is a measurement and control instrument, 11 is a gas one-way valve, 12 is a mixing temperature sensor, 13 is a high-pressure nozzle, 14 is a wellhead flow sensor, 15 is an annular pressure sensor, 16 is a microseismic sensor, 17 is an ignition plug control terminal, 18 19 is the nozzle temperature test end, 19 is the nozzle flow test end, 20 is the pressure relief valve control end, 21 is the pipeline pressure test end, 22 is the wellhead flow test end, 23 is the mixed fracturing medium, 24 is the screen mouth, 25 is Bottom plug, 26 is the lower packer, 27 is the target rock formation, 28 is the perforation hole, 29 is the upper packer, 30 is the downhole guide pipe, 31 is the formation, 32 is the wellhead blowout preventer, 33 is the pipeline Pressure sensor, 34 is the high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism, 35 is the jet mechanism, 36 is the discharge regulating valve control end, 37 is the high-pressure liquid valve control end, 38 is the liquid booster pump control valve, 39 is the mixing temperature sensor test end , 40 is the annular pressure test end, 41 is the microseismic test end. As shown in the two figures, the equipment for fracturing formations in this example consists of a high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1, a jet mechanism 35, a high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism 34, a measurement and control instrument 10, a ground guide pipeline 5, and a downhole guide pipeline 30. become. The high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1 of this example, the jet flow mechanism 35, the high-energy gas and jet flow mixing mechanism 34 and the measurement and control instrument 10 are all arranged on the ground. , and control the erupted high-energy gas and the jet to interact in the high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism 34 to generate a mixed fracturing medium 23 that enters the downhole guide pipe 30, and the mixed fracturing medium in the downhole guide pipe 30 reaches the fracturing formation site, The screen mouth 24 of the downhole guide pipe 30 is aligned with the perforation hole 28 of the target rock formation 27 in the wellbore, and the measurement and control instrument 10 passes through temperature sensors 2, 12, etc., pressure sensors 15, 33, etc., flow sensors 3, 14, etc., microseismic Sensors 16 etc. measure the parameters of the fracturing process in real time, and intelligently control the high-energy mixed fracturing medium 23 to spray into the perforation holes 28, so that as many as 3 or more large fractures are generated in the target formation 27, and the proppant enters the fractures to form a fracture. The support increases the communication area between the target rock formation 27 and the wellbore, which is beneficial to the exploitation and production of oil and gas. The measurement and control instrument 10 of this example is composed of an electronic control circuit, a software system and an instrument housing, wherein the electronic control circuit includes: a main control microcomputer or microprocessor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a microseismic sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, Signal amplification circuit, analog/digital conversion circuit, data storage circuit, communication circuit, control circuit, interface circuit. The temperature sensor 2,12 etc. of this example, pressure sensor 15,33 etc., flow sensor 3,14 etc., microseismic sensor 16 etc. are all arranged on the ground or the ground guide pipeline, are the guide pipeline of detection and monitoring target rock formation 27 positions. The temperature, pressure, flow rate and other information of the medium-mixed fracturing medium 23, as well as the micro-seismic information collection terminal of the strong-pressure high-energy gas flow containing proppant jetting to the perforation hole 28 during the fracturing process, these information collection terminals are respectively connected to the signal conditioning circuit, and the signal The conditioning circuit is connected to the signal amplification circuit, the signal amplification circuit is connected to the A/D conversion circuit, the A/D conversion circuit is connected to the data storage circuit, and the data storage circuit, communication circuit, control circuit, and interface circuit are all connected to and controlled by the main control microcomputer. For example, the main control microcomputer adopts ThinkPad X240, or ThinkPad T440, or PavilionM4-1009TX type microcomputer, and the communication circuit transmits various detection and monitoring information of this equipment to the required departments or parts in a wired way through an interface circuit or in a wireless way through an antenna. , the control circuit is respectively connected through the interface circuit and controls the control execution parts, components, and elements distributed in the high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1, the jet mechanism 35, the high-energy gas and jet flow mixing mechanism 34, and the guiding pipeline 30. The measurement and control instrument 10 of this example is provided with a control terminal and a data acquisition terminal. FIG. 6 shows the internal structure diagram of the measurement and control instrument 10. As shown in FIG. Agent valve control terminal 7, catalyst valve control terminal 8, additive valve control terminal 9, liquid booster pump switch of solid-liquid mixer, proppant feed valve, proppant discharge valve, gas check valve switch, nozzle temperature test Terminal 18, nozzle flow test terminal 19, pressure relief valve control terminal 20, pipeline pressure test terminal 21, wellhead flow test terminal 22, discharge regulating valve control terminal 36, high pressure liquid valve control terminal 37, liquid booster pump control valve 38 , Mixed temperature sensor test end 39, annular space pressure test end 40, microseismic test end 41, etc. Its data acquisition terminal is respectively connected with temperature sensors 2, 12, etc., pressure sensors 15, 33, etc., flow sensors 3, 14, etc., and microseismic sensor 16, etc. Figure 6 also shows: a main control module 69, a communication serial port 70, a display screen 71, a DC power supply 72, an AC power supply 73, and the like. The measurement and control instrument 10 in this example judges the current operating status of the entire set of equipment by receiving, analyzing, and processing data collected by temperature, pressure, flow, and microseismic sensors, so as to realize real-time intelligent control of each stage of the fracturing process. The measurement and control instrument 10 in this example intelligently controls the entire set of equipment according to the parameters collected in real time by the temperature, pressure, flow, and microseismic sensors. Fracturing parameters, the fracturing parameters of the high-energy gas flow driving the proppant in this example refer to the temperature, flow, pressure, flow rate and other parameters of the mixed fracturing medium 23, and the mixed fracturing medium 23 is forced to press the high-energy gas flow containing proppant The gas production and flow, gas flow temperature, proppant content of the gas flow, pressure, boost time, and pressure process series parameters are regulated to produce a pulsating pressure process, or a continuous pressure process, or a multi-platform pressure process to achieve the target rock formation 27 Various fracturing effects required by fracturing engineering. The various fracturing effects of this example are that 3 or more large formation fractures are fractured in the target rock formation 27 under different geological environments, so as to increase the communication area between the mineral resources and the production casing. Fig. 8 shows measurement and control instrument 10 working flow chart, among Fig. 8: 101 is that instrument starts to work, and 102 is that instrument receives programming value, and 103 is that opening corresponding control end of instrument, and 104 is that instrument controls the raw material of spraying quantitative high-energy gas, and 105 is to open The control terminal of the ignition plug, 106 is the test terminal for monitoring the annular pressure, 107 is the control terminal for opening the high-energy gas raw materials, 108 is the test terminal for monitoring the pipeline pressure, 109 is the instrument control discharge pressure, 110 is the test terminal for monitoring the temperature of the pipeline, and 111 is The instrument controls spraying water to cool down, 112 is the test end for monitoring the mixed fracturing medium flow, 113 is the control end for opening the pressure relief valve, 114 is the test end for monitoring the pipeline pressure until the reading is atmospheric pressure, and 115 is for closing the instrument. Fig. 4 shows the high-energy gas eruption mechanism figure of this example, as shown in Figure 4, the high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1 of this example is made up of high-energy gas combustion chamber 63 and ignition plug 52 and ignition plug control end 17, oxidant 61, feed pipe 62. Valve 60 and oxidant valve control end 6, reducing agent 59, feed pipe 57, valve 58 and reducing agent valve control end 7, catalyst 55, feed pipe 56, valve 65 and catalyst valve control end 8, additive 50, Feed pipe 49, valve 51 and additive valve control end 9 etc. are formed. The high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1 of this example has oxidant 61, reductant 59, catalyst 55, additive 50 four feed inlets, these feed inlets are respectively connected with booster pump and then connected with each feeding storage tank, and measuring and controlling instrument 10 through respectively Four feed valves (60, 58, 65, 51, etc.) and their booster pumps are precisely controlled, so that the four fuels are injected into the high-energy gas combustion chamber 63 in proportion, and each feed port of the combustion chamber 63 passes through each feed pipe The valves are respectively connected to the oxidant storage tank, the reducing agent storage tank, the catalyst storage tank, and the additive storage tank. The high-energy gas injection port of the combustion chamber 63 is connected to the high-energy gas inlet of the high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism. The ignition plug 52 is arranged in the combustion chamber 63 And it is connected with the interface circuit of the measurement and control instrument 10 to be controlled. The combustion chamber 63 is in the shape of a bell that is conducive to the fully mixed combustion of the fluid. There is an ignition plug 52 controlled by the measurement and control instrument 10 in the chamber. The inner wall of the combustion chamber 63 is provided with a heat insulation layer 64 of heat insulating material. There is a radiator 53 outside the combustion chamber 63 , that is, circulating water (that is, cooling liquid 54 ) is surrounded by cooling pipes to take away excess heat from the combustion chamber 63 . Nitrogen tetroxide is selected as the oxidant in this example, liquid hydrogen is selected as the reducing agent in this example, metals are selected as the catalyst in this example, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, etc., and _H2O is selected as the additive in this example. Through the measurement and control instrument 10, the feeding dose of each fuel component in the high-energy gas combustion chamber 63, the proportion of liquid and proppant in the jet flow of the solid-liquid mixer 42, and the jet injection speed are adjusted, and then the ratio of high-energy gas and jet flow is adjusted to control mixed fracturing. The pressure, temperature, flow, and energy of the medium 23 are used to produce the fracturing process and results required by the fracturing project. The fracturing process required by the fracturing project is a pulsating pressure process, a continuous pressure process, and a multi-platform pressure process. The fracturing result is to make the target rock formation form 3 or more larger fractures through fracturing, and make the proppant Entering the fracture supports the fracture to increase the drainage area between the fluid in the formation and the production casing. Fig. 3 shows the structural diagram of the fluidic mechanism 35 of this example, as shown in Fig. , solid-liquid mixer 42, liquid one-way valve 44, liquid booster pump 46 and liquid booster pump control valve 38, high-pressure liquid valve 45 and high-pressure liquid valve control end 37, high-pressure nozzle 13 and so on. The inlet of the solid-liquid mixer 42 is respectively connected to the proppant storage tank 48 and the liquid booster pump 46, the liquid booster pump 46 is connected to the liquid storage tank 47, the outlet of the solid-liquid mixer 42 is connected to the high-pressure nozzle 13, and the high-pressure nozzle 13 sprays a jet. The example proppant is chosen to use quartz sand. The liquid of the jet in this example is selected to be easy to mix, carry and transport the proppant, such as water with stable chemical properties. In this example, the high-pressure liquid valve 45 is arranged between the liquid booster pump 46 and the solid-liquid mixer 42 , and its switch can be controlled through the control end of the high-pressure liquid valve 45 . The liquid inlet of the solid-liquid mixer 42 in this example is connected to the liquid storage tank 47 through the liquid booster pump 46, and the proppant inlet of the solid-liquid mixer 42 is connected to the proppant storage tank 48 through the discharge regulating valve 43, and the liquid is pressurized by the liquid The pump 46 pumps it out from the storage tank 47 to form a high-pressure liquid flow that passes through the proppant outlet and carries the proppant into the solid-liquid mixer 42 for mixing, and forms a jet through the high-pressure nozzle 13, and the jet flows in the mixer of high-energy gas and jet Mix with high-energy gas to form mixed fracturing medium 23, enter the downhole guide pipe 30, adjust the discharge regulating valve 43 and high-pressure liquid valve 45 through the measurement and control instrument 10 to control the feed ratio and flow rate of proppant and liquid, and then regulate The ratio of high-energy gas to jet flow and the gas production and flow rate of the mixed fracturing medium 23 high-pressure high-energy gas flow containing proppant, gas flow temperature, gas flow containing proppant dose, pressure size, boosting time, and a series of parameters of the pressure process to generate a pulsating pressure process , or continuous pressure process, or multi-platform pressure process, to achieve various fracturing effects required by the target rock formation fracturing engineering. The high-pressure shower nozzle 13 of the solid-liquid mixer 42 of this example has many fine spray holes, and Fig. 5 shows the structural diagram of the high-pressure shower nozzle 13 of this example, wherein: a figure is a left side view, b figure is a front view, and among Fig. 5 : flange screw hole 66, jet flow 67, nozzle hole 68. Fine jets are sprayed out from the fine nozzle holes and fully mixed with the high-energy gas. The jet 67 is mixed with the high-energy gas at the ambient temperature and then vaporized into gas after absorbing heat, increasing the total amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas and reducing the temperature of the mixed gas. The heat-absorbing characteristic of jet vaporization reduces the temperature to reduce the influence of the high temperature of the mixed fracturing medium 23 high-pressure high-energy gas flow containing proppant on the strength of the guide pipe 30, and the temperature of the high-energy gas flow is controlled within 800 degrees Celsius to become a high-pressure high-energy gas and proppant mixed fracturing media23. The high-pressure nozzle 13 of this example has a fine spray hole whose diameter is 1mm. The high-energy gas and jet mixing mechanism of this example is mainly composed of a mixer, the inlet of the mixer is respectively connected to the outlet of the high-pressure nozzle 13 of the jet and the outlet of the high-energy gas injection, and the outlet of the mixer is connected to the inlet of the downhole guide pipe 30. The downhole guide pipe 30 of this example is selected to use high-temperature-resistant, high-strength metal or other alternative materials as the guide pipe. If the guide pipe 30 is selected to use oil pipe, the end of the downhole guide pipe 30 forms a screen mouth 24. In this example, the screen pipe opening 24 of the guide pipe 30 is uniformly distributed with circular holes on the pipe wall to communicate with the inside and outside of the screen pipe. The fracturing process in this example is intelligently controlled by the measurement and control instrument 10 , that is, the fracturing parameter values of the high-energy gas flow driven proppant are adjusted according to the pressure, temperature, flow, and microseismic parameter changes measured by the measurement and control instrument 10 . The fracturing parameters in this example include parameters such as the temperature, flow rate, and pressure of the mixed pressure medium 23 . In the fracturing process of this example, the parameters such as the pressure value of the mixed fracturing medium 23, the pressure increase time, the gas temperature, and the amount of proppant contained are regulated by the measurement and control instrument 10, so that the strong-pressure high-energy gas flow containing proppant produces a pulsating pressure process or continuous pressure. process, or multi-platform pressure process. The pulsating pressure is to control the generation and speed of high-energy gas through the ground, so that the downhole pressure rises rapidly to the peak value, so that the target rock formation 27 forms cracks along the perforation holes 28, and then reduces the combustion speed to make the downhole pressure drop, and finally through the ground equipment The high-energy gas is generated again under the control of the control system to make the downhole pressure reach the peak value again, so that the pulsating pressure process is formed repeatedly. The described continuous pressure process is precisely controlled by ground equipment, so that the high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1 generates a certain amount of high-energy gas at a certain speed, so that the downhole pressure reaches a specific value, and then the pressure is absorbed by the formation of cracks in the target rock formation 27. Real-time control The high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1 generates high-energy gas for supplement to maintain a specific pressure value. In the multi-platform pressure process, the high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1 is precisely controlled on the ground, so that a certain amount of high-energy gas is generated at a certain speed, so that the downhole pressure reaches a certain value, and the high-energy gas eruption mechanism 1 is controlled after the pressure value is maintained for a certain period of time. Continue to produce a certain amount of high-energy gas to make the downhole pressure reach a new specific value, and so repeatedly can form a multi-platform pressure process. The pressure value of the mixed fracturing medium 23 is selected to be 1.5 times the fracture pressure of the rock formation, and the pressure rise rate is greater than 2MPa/ms. The fracture pressure value of the rock formation is 20-70MPa. In the fracturing process of this example, the temperature of the mixed fracturing medium 23 is regulated by controlling the size of the jet 67 and the ratio of the high-energy gas through the measuring and controlling instrument 10 . The high-energy gas is used to cool down the vaporization and heat-absorbing characteristics of the jet 67 to reduce the impact of the high temperature of the mixed fracturing medium 23 on the strength of the guide pipe 30 due to the high temperature of the forced-pressed high-energy gas flow containing proppant. The proppant storage tank 48 of this example is equipped with proppants of different particle sizes, and different types and sizes of proppants are adjusted, adopted or added through the measurement and control instrument 10 at different stages of the fracturing process. The different types of proppants in this example refer to different types of proppants. Different sizes of sand, such as 12-18 mesh, or 12-20 mesh sand. The equipment for fracturing formations in this example has a safety setting, which is a pressure relief valve 4 arranged on the ground guiding pipeline 5. When the internal pressure of the ground guiding pipeline 5 exceeds the safety threshold, the pressure relief valve 4 The pressure release is controlled by the measuring and controlling instrument 10 . With this pressure relief valve 4 this device will be safer. In the fracturing process of this example, packers 26 and 29 are applied up and down on the 27th section of the target rock formation, and only the 27th section of the target rock formation is under pressure. Having this setting makes the device safer and more energy efficient. The target perforation hole 28 of the target rock formation 27 in the fracturing process of this example is the hole shot through by the perforating bullet on the well wall of the target rock formation 27, or the tunnel formed by hydraulic cutting, or the hole groove formed by the cutting bullet. The passage for the mixed fracturing medium 23 to enter the target rock formation. These holes, tunnels and pore slots are channels for the mixed fracturing medium 23 to enter the target rock formation 27 for fracturing, especially the passage for the proppant therein to enter the target rock formation 27 . Use the mixed fracturing medium 23 of high-pressure high-energy gas and proppant with a certain pressure, temperature, flow rate and flow rate to enter the target rock formation 27 through the guide pipe 30 and perforation holes 28 on the well wall, and use the pressure of the mixed fracturing medium 23 to crack the rock formation Three or more large fractures and many micro-fractures are formed, and the mixed fracturing medium 23 contacts and interacts with the rock formation, and the volume of the gas will decrease due to filtration to the rock formation and heat loss, thereby reducing the support in the mixed fracturing medium 23. The agent settles in the fracture, forming a support for the fracture, establishing a drainage channel between the formation fluid and the wellbore, and preventing the fracture from closing. This is the advantage and superior performance of the technical elements of the device of the present invention using the high-energy airflow to drive the proppant to fracture the rock formation. Fig. 7 shows the equipment work flow diagram of the high-energy gas flow-driven proppant importing downhole fracturing formation of this example, among Fig. 7: 74 is construction start, 75 is to measuring and controlling instrument programming, 76 is pipeline assembly, 77 is flow sensor and unit 78 is to assemble the jet mechanism, 79 is to assemble the high-energy gas eruption mechanism, 80 is to install temperature, pressure and other sensors, 81 is to connect the instrument test end, 82 is to connect the instrument control end, 83 is to power on the instrument , 84 is injection of high-energy gas raw material assembly, 85 is pressure test ignition, 86 is monitoring annular pressure, 87 is opening pressure relief valve, 88 is reducing the pressure in the pipeline to atmospheric pressure, 89 is powering off the instrument, 90 is troubleshooting equipment failure, 91 is to open the feed valves of the high-energy gas eruption mechanism, 92 is to ignite fracturing, 93 is to monitor the pipeline pressure, 94 is to open the pressure relief valve to release the pressure to the threshold range, 95 is to monitor the temperature of the pipeline, 96 is to spray water to cool down, and 97 is Monitor the flow rate of mixed fracturing medium, 98 means that the pipeline pressure is released to atmospheric pressure, 99 means dismantling equipment, and 100 means construction is completed.

Example 2. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The specific structure of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example can be shown in Figures 1 to 8, etc. The differences in the equipment for driving the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation are as follows: 1. In this example, the four fuels of oxidant, reducing agent, catalyst and additive are sprayed into the high-energy gas combustion chamber in proportion, and after mixing, they can self-combust without ignition plug ignition. In this case, the high-energy gas combustion chamber may not be provided with an ignition plug and its control. 2. The main control microprocessor of this example selects and adopts the microprocessor of MSP430 type, or AVR type, or C8051FSTM32 type. 3. The oxidizing agent of this example selects and adopts ammonium nitrate, or nitric acid, or red smoke nitric acid. The reducing agent of this example selects and adopts alcohol. The catalyzer of this example selects and adopts metal salt, and described metal salt has ferric chloride, copper sulfate etc. The additive of this example selects and adopts ammonia. 4. The liquid of the jet in this example is an aqueous solution that is easy to mix, carry and transport the proppant. The aqueous solution is a metal salt solution, such as sodium chloride solution or potassium chloride solution. 5. The proppant in this example uses ceramic particles, and the proppant of different sizes refers to 12-18 mesh or 12-20 mesh ceramsite. 6. The high-pressure nozzle 13 of this example has a fine spray hole whose diameter is 3mm. 7. The guide pipe 30 of this example adopts a drill pipe. 8. The pressure value of the mixed fracturing medium 23 in this example is selected to be 3.5 times the fracture pressure of the rock formation. In this example, the high-energy gas flow drives the proppant into the downhole fracturing equipment, and the rest of the equipment that is not described is the same as that described in Embodiment 1, so it will not be repeated.

Example 3. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The specific structure of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example can be shown in conjunction with Figures 1 to 8, and the equipment and embodiments of the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example 1. Embodiment The differences between the two high-energy gas flow-driven proppants introduced into downhole fracturing formations are as follows: 1. The oxidant in this example is liquid oxygen. The reducing agent of this example is selected to adopt hydrazine, or methylhydrazine, or unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, or mixed hydrazine-50. The catalyzer of this example selects and adopts ferric chloride hydrate etc. The additive of this example selects to adopt methyl alcohol or furfuryl alcohol. 2. The proppant of this example is coal gangue particles, and the proppant of different sizes refers to coal gangue particles of 16-20 mesh. 3. The high-pressure nozzle 13 of this example has a fine spray hole whose diameter is 2mm. 4. The pressure value of the mixed fracturing medium 23 in this example is selected to be 2.5 times the fracture pressure of the rock formation. In this example, the high-energy gas flow-driven proppant is introduced into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation, and the rest are the same as those described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated.

Embodiment 4. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The specific structure of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example can be shown in conjunction with Figures 1 to 8, and the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example and Embodiments 1 to 8 The differences between the three high-energy gas flow-driven proppants introduced into downhole fracturing formations are as follows: 1. Liquid fluorine is used as the oxidant in this example. The reducing agent of this example selects and adopts kerosene or gasoline. The additive of this example selects and adopts aluminum, or beryllium, or lithium etc. 2. The proppant of this example is coal gangue particles, and the proppant of different sizes refers to coal gangue particles of 20-40 mesh. In this example, the high-energy gas flow drives the proppant into the downhole fracturing equipment, and the rest of the equipment that is not described is the same as that described in the first to third examples, and will not be repeated.

Embodiment 5. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The specific structure of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example can be shown in conjunction with Figures 1 to 8, and the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example and Embodiments 1 to 8 The differences in the four high-energy gas flow-driven proppant-guiding equipment for downhole fracturing formations are as follows: 1. The oxidant in this example is H ₂ O ₂ . The reductant of this example selects and adopts furfuryl alcohol or various alcohol alkanes. 2. The proppant in this example is sand or ceramsite particles, and the proppant of different sizes refers to 30-50 mesh sand or ceramsite particles. In this example, the high-energy gas flow drives the proppant to guide the downhole fracturing formation. The rest of the equipment that is not described is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4, and will not be repeated.

Embodiment 6. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The specific structure of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example can be shown in conjunction with Figures 1 to 8, and the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example and Embodiments 1 to 8 The differences in the five high-energy gas flow-driven proppant-introduced equipment for downhole fracturing formations are as follows: 1. The oxidant in this example uses the following components: nitrogen tetroxide, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, red smoke nitric acid, liquid oxygen, liquid fluorine, H ₂ O ₂ and their combinations, the combination of various components selected for the oxidant is any, possible, and required combination of the above-mentioned various components in proportion to the components. 2. The reducing agent of this example is selected to adopt aniline or ammonia. In this example, the high-energy gas flow drives the proppant to guide the downhole fracturing formation. The rest of the equipment that is not described is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5, and will not be repeated.

Example 7. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The specific structure of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example can be shown in conjunction with Figures 1 to 8, and the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example and Embodiments 1 to 8 The difference between the high-energy gas flow-driven proppant introduced into the downhole fracturing formation equipment in the sixth is: the reducing agent in this example is hydride or glycerin. In this example, the high-energy gas flow drives the proppant into the downhole fracturing equipment, and the rest of the equipment is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6, and will not be repeated.

Embodiment 8. High-energy gas flow drives proppant into the equipment for downhole fracturing formation

The specific structure of the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example can be shown in conjunction with Figures 1 to 8, and the equipment for the high-energy gas flow driving the proppant into the downhole fracturing formation in this example and Embodiments 1 to 8 The difference between the high-energy gas flow-driven proppant introduced into downhole fracturing formations in Seven is as follows: The reducing agent in this example is selected from the following components: liquid hydrogen, alcohol, hydrazine, methylhydrazine, unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, mixed hydrazine-50, kerosene , gasoline, furfuryl alcohol, all kinds of alcohol alkanes, aniline, ammonia, borohydride, glycerin and their combination, the combination of various components selected by the reducing agent is that the above-mentioned various components are proportional to the components Any, possible, desired combination. In this example, the high-energy gas flow drives the proppant to guide the downhole fracturing formation. The rest of the equipment that is not described is the same as that described in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 7, and will not be repeated.

Claims (10)

1. high energy air stream drives proppant imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, and the equipment of this fracturing stratum is by high energy gas Eruption mechanism, jet mechanism, high energy gas combine with jet mixing mechanism, measurement and control instrument, ground and down-hole guide duct, It is characterised by: described high energy gas eruption mechanism, jet mechanism, high energy gas are all provided with jet mixing mechanism and measurement and control instrument Put on the ground, measurement and control instrument control high energy gas eruption mechanism igniting eruption high energy gas, control jet mechanism jetting stream, And the high energy gas controlling eruption mixes pressure break medium at high energy gas with phase separation generation in jet mixing mechanism with jet and enters Enter down-hole guide duct, down-hole guide duct mixes pressure break medium and arrives fracturing stratum position, the sieve of down-hole guide duct The preforation tunnel of mouth of pipe alignment pit shaft target formation, measurement and control instrument is surveyed in real time by temperature, pressure, flow, micro-seismic sensor Examination fracturing process parameter, Based Intelligent Control high energy air stream drives proppant to preforation tunnel spray, make target formation produce 3 with On relatively large fracture, and make proppant enter crack fracture to be formed and support, increase the communication area of target formation and pit shaft, be beneficial to The exploitation of oil gas and production.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 1 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by: institute The measurement and control instrument stated is made up of with software system and Instrument shell electronic control circuit, and wherein electronic control circuit includes: master control Microcomputer processed or microprocessor, temperature sensor, pressure transducer, flow transducer, micro-seismic sensor, signal conditioning circuit, Signal amplification circuit, analog/digital conversion circuit, data storage circuitry, telecommunication circuit, control circuit, interface circuit, control circuit is led to Cross interface circuit and couple and control to be distributed in the mixing of high energy gas eruption mechanism, jet mechanism, high energy gas and jet respectively Mechanism, the control execution unit of guide duct, assembly, element movement.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 1 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by: institute The high energy gas stated erupts mechanism by high energy gas combustor and igniter plug, oxidant feed pipe and valve, reducing agent feed pipe And valve, catalyst charge pipe and valve, additive feed pipe and valve composition, each charging aperture of combustor passes through each feed pipe Oxidant storage tank, reducing agent storage tank, catalyst storage tank, additive storage tank it is connected respectively, the high energy gas spray of combustor with valve Send out mouth and connect the high energy gas entrance of high energy gas and jet mixing mechanism, in igniter plug is arranged on combustor and and measurement and control instrument Interface circuit couples controlled, and described oxidant selects to use nitrogen tetraoxide or ammonium nitrate or nitric acid or red fuming nitric acid or liquid Oxygen, or liquid fluorine, or H₂O₂, or combinations thereof；Described reducing agent select to use liquid hydrogen or ethanol or hydrazine or methyl hydrazine, Or uns-dimethylhydrazine or aerozine-50 or kerosene or gasoline or furfuryl alcohol or all kinds of alcohol alkane or aniline or ammonia or hydroboration Thing or glycerol or combinations thereof；Described catalyst choice uses metal or slaine or iron chloride hydrate；Institute The additive stated selects to use H₂O or ammonia or methanol or furfuryl alcohol or aluminum or beryllium or lithium.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 1 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by: institute The jet mechanism stated is by proppant storage tank, discharging regulation valve, liquid tank, solid-liquid blender, liquid booster pump, highly pressurised liquid Valve, high-pressure nozzle form, and wherein solid-liquid mixer entrance connects proppant storage tank, liquid booster pump respectively, and liquid booster pump is even Connecing liquid tank, solid-liquid mixer outlet connects high-pressure nozzle, high-pressure nozzle jetting stream, and described proppant selects to use stone Sand or ceramic particle, or coal gangue particle；The liquid selective of described jet is easily mixed, carries and transporting proppant Liquid is water or aqueous solution.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 1 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by: institute The high energy gas stated and jet mixing mechanism are main to constitute by blender, and the entrance of blender connects the high-pressure nozzle of jet respectively Outlet and high energy gas eruption outlet, the outlet of blender is connected with down-hole guide duct entrance；Described down-hole guide duct Selecting to use high temperature resistant, the metal material of high intensity, guide duct selects to use oil pipe, drilling rod, down-hole guide duct end shape Become screen casing mouth.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 1 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by:

A. described fracturing process, by measurement and control instrument Based Intelligent Control, is i.e. the pressure according to measurement and control instrument test, temperature, stream Amount, the microseism Parameters variation regulation and control high energy each fracturing parameter of air stream drives proppant；

B. described fracturing process passes through measurement and control instrument to mixing pressure break pressure medium value size, pressure rising time, gas temperature, containing Support dosimetry parameter regulates and controls, and makes mixing pressure break medium produce pulsating press process or continuous process or multi-platform pressure Process；The force value of mixing pressure break medium is chosen as 1.5 ~ 3.5 times of the fracture pressure of rock stratum, and rate of pressure rise is more than 2MPa/ms；

C. described fracturing process mixes pressure break with the ratio of high energy gas with regulation and control by measurement and control instrument regulation and control jet size and is situated between The temperature of matter；

The proppant of d. described proppant storage box device different-grain diameter, is adjusted by measurement and control instrument in fracturing process different phase Whole, use or add proppant dissimilar, different size of；

The equipment of this e. described fracturing stratum has security set, and this security set is provided in letting out in the guide duct of ground Pressure valve, when in the guide duct of ground pressure excessive beyond secure threshold time, pressure relief valve by measurement and control instrument control open；

The target formation section of f. described fracturing process applies packer, the only target formation section effect of being stressed up and down；

The target preforation tunnel of g. described fracturing process target formation be eyelet that on the target formation borehole wall, perforating bullet is shot through or It is duct or the hole slot of cutting cartridge formation of hydraulic slotted liner technique formation, they constitutes mixing pressure break medium and enter target formation Passage.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 2 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by:

A. described measurement and control instrument is provided with control end and data acquisition end, its data acquisition end respectively with temperature sensor, pressure Force transducer, flow transducer, micro-seismic sensor couple, and it controls end and controls end, oxidizer valve with high-energy ignition plug respectively Gate control end, reducing agent Valve controlling end, catalyst valve gate control end, supplement valve gate control end, the liquid of solid-liquid blender Booster pump switch, proppant material inlet valve, proppant discharge valve, gas unidirectional threshold switch are connected, measurement and control instrument by receive, The data that analysis, treatment temperature, pressure, flow, micro-seismic sensor gather judge the running status of current complete equipment, with reality The now Contrast tuned imaging to each stage running；

B. described measurement and control instrument according to temperature, pressure, flow, micro-seismic sensor Real-time Collection parameter to complete equipment intelligence Can control, be the pressure according to measurement and control instrument test, temperature, flow, the regulation and control high energy air stream drives support of microseism Parameters variation The each fracturing parameter of agent, suppresses the high energy gas production containing proppant air-flow and flow, gas by measurement and control instrument to mixing pressure break medium Stream temperature, air-flow regulate and control containing support dosage, pressure size, pressure rising time, press process parameters in series, to produce pulsating Press process or continuous process or multi-platform press process, it is achieved the various pressure breaks effect of target formation fracturing engineering demand Really.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 3 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by:

A. described high energy gas erupts mechanism and has oxidant, reducing agent, catalyst, four charging apertures of additive, and these enter Material mouth connects booster pump respectively and reconnects each charging storage tank, and measurement and control instrument is by respectively to four material inlet valves and booster pump essence thereof Really controlling, make four kinds of fuel spray into high energy gas combustor in proportion, combustor is sufficiently mixed the bell of burning in beneficially fluid, There is the igniter plug by observing and controlling instrument controlling indoor, and Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber arranges heat-barrier material, are surrounded with circulating water cooling outside combustor Pipeline, takes away the heat that combustor is unnecessary；

B. or, described oxidant, reducing agent, catalyst, four kinds of fuel of additive spray into high energy gas combustor in proportion Need not igniter plug igniting after mixing can self-burning；

C. by liquid in measurement and control instrument regulation and control high energy gas combustor each fuel element charging dosage and solid-liquid blender jet Body and proppant proportioning and jet jet velocity, and then regulate and control the ratio of high energy gas and jet, with regulation and control mixing pressure break medium Pressure, temperature, flow, energy with produce fracturing engineering need fracturing process and result.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 4 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by:

The liquid inlet of a. described solid-liquid blender connects liquid tank, the proppant of solid-liquid blender by liquid booster pump Entrance connects proppant storage tank by discharging regulation valve, and it is extracted out from storage tank by liquid by liquid booster pump, forms highly pressurised liquid Flow by proppant discharging opening and carry proppant entrance solid-liquid blender mixing, and forming jet by high-pressure nozzle, at height Can mix with jet in the blender of jet and high energy gas and form mixing pressure break medium by gas, entering down-hole guide duct, By measurement and control instrument regulation and control solid-liquid blender material inlet valve to control proppant and the charge proportion of liquid and flow thereof, and then adjust The ratio of control high energy gas and jet and mix pressure break medium and suppress high energy and contain gas production and flow, the air-flow of proppant air-flow Temperature, air-flow containing support dosage, pressure size, pressure rising time, press process parameters in series, with produce pulsating press process, Or continuous process or multi-platform press process, it is achieved the various fracturing effects of target formation fracturing engineering demand；

The high-pressure nozzle of b. described solid-liquid blender has numerous thin spray orifice, and the jet that the ejection of thin spray orifice is thin, with high energy gas Being sufficiently mixed, after this jet mixes with high energy gas with ambient temperature, heat absorption is vaporized into gas, increases high temperature and high pressure gas total amount And gas temperature reduces after making mixing, utilize high energy gas to make jet vaporization inhale thermal property cooling, be situated between with reduction mixing pressure break Matter suppresses the impact on guide duct intensity of the high energy high temperature containing proppant air-flow, and high energy airflow temperature-control is Celsius 800 Within degree, become the fluid-mixing suppressing high energy gas with proppant.

High energy air stream drives proppant the most according to claim 6 imports the equipment on underground fracture stratum, is characterised by: Use the mixing pressure break medium suppressing high energy gas and proppant with certain pressure, temperature, flow and flow velocity through guiding Pipeline, borehole wall preforation tunnel enter target formation, utilize the pressure of mixing pressure break medium to make rock stratum cracking formation more than 3 bigger Crack and numerous microfissure, mixing pressure break medium contacts with rock stratum and mechanism can make gas because of leak-off to rock stratum and heat losses The volume of body reduces, thus is deposited in crack by the proppant in mixing pressure break medium, and rock is set up in the support forming fracture Layer fluid and the current by pass of pit shaft, prevent crack closure.