CN104115022B - Antenna device and angle-of-arrival calculation device using same - Google Patents
Antenna device and angle-of-arrival calculation device using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104115022B CN104115022B CN201380008611.4A CN201380008611A CN104115022B CN 104115022 B CN104115022 B CN 104115022B CN 201380008611 A CN201380008611 A CN 201380008611A CN 104115022 B CN104115022 B CN 104115022B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
- G01S3/48—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- Monitoring And Testing Of Transmission In General (AREA)
Abstract
Provided are an antenna device and an arrival angle calculation device, wherein the calculation load can be reduced and the time required for the calculation of the arrival angle can be shortened. An antenna device (11) is provided with a plurality of antenna elements (111, 112), a reflection element (114) disposed at a predetermined distance on the back side of the antenna elements (111, 112), and a waveguide element (113) disposed at a predetermined distance on the front side of the antenna elements (111, 112), and is characterized in that the antenna elements (111, 112), the waveguide element (113), and the reflection element (114) are disposed so that the relationship between the arrival angle of a radio wave with respect to the antenna elements (111, 112) and the phase difference of the radio wave between the plurality of antenna elements (111, 112) is linear.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and there is multiple antenna element and the phase contrast between the antenna assembly of phase contrast between antenna element and detection antenna element can be detected and calculate the angle of arrival calculation element of angle of arrival degree.
Background technology
In conventional arrival direction estimation unit, use the computing that the operand of the calculating of cross-correlation coefficient, inverse matrix operation etc. is big, it is necessary to reach the computing of hundreds of symbol weight.For this reason, it may be desirable to the arrival direction estimation unit of arrival direction can be estimated with easy computing.
In patent documentation 1, it is proposed that reduce the arrival direction estimation unit of computing scale.In the arrival direction estimation unit described in patent documentation 1, for the reception signal received with two antenna elements, the coefficient of arrival direction is calculated by complex conjugation circuit and mlultiplying circuit, arrival direction testing circuit carries out arctangent cp cp operation and anticosine computing, thus estimates the arrival direction receiving ripple.
At first technical literature
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 10-177064 publication
The summary of invention
The problem that invention to solve
The method of above-mentioned patent documentation 1 is compared with the situation carrying out the calculating of cross-correlation coefficient, inverse matrix operation etc., it is possible to reduce operand.But, in the method, carrying out arctangent cp cp operation and the computing of anticosine these at least two kinds of antitrigonometric functions of computing, therefore cannot reduce computational load fully, the calculating of arrival direction needs the time to a certain degree.For this, in the situation etc. that arrival direction changes in real time, the problem producing to obtain the information of the arrival direction of necessity.Additionally, in the angle of arrival calculation element using conventional antenna assembly, when the angle of arrival of electric wave is wide-angle, there is the problem that the error change of angle of arrival detection is big.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in view of above-mentioned point, it is therefore intended that provide a kind of antenna assembly calculating the required time and angle of arrival calculation element that can reduce computational load and can shorten angle of arrival.
For solving the means of problem
The antenna assembly of the present invention, possesses: multiple antenna elements；Reflecting element, rear side and described antenna element at described antenna element separate predetermined distance and configure；And wave guiding elements, face side and described antenna element at described antenna element separate predetermined distance and configure, this antenna assembly is characterised by, configure described antenna element, described wave guiding elements and described reflecting element so that with described antenna element be benchmark the angle of arrival of electric wave and the plurality of antenna element between the relation of phase contrast of electric wave become linear.
According to this structure, it is possible to the relation making the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival of electric wave and antenna element is substantial linear, therefore can process by simplified operation in the calculating of angle of arrival.Thereby, it is possible to alleviate computational load and cripetura angle of arrival calculate the required time.
In the antenna assembly of the present invention, preferably, if the distance between close two antenna element in the plurality of antenna element is La, if the distance of the line segment be connected described two antenna elements and described wave guiding elements is Lc, if the distance of described antenna element and described reflecting element is Lr, if the wavelength of electric wave is λ, meet
> Lc+Lr > λ/8, λ/2
Lc≒Lr
> La > λ/8, λ/2.
According to this structure, it is possible to increase the linearity of the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival of electric wave and antenna element, and the receptivity of electric wave can be improved, arrive angle calculation precision therefore, it is possible to improve.The linearity of the angle of arrival of electric wave with phase contrast is improved, even if so angle of arrival degree is wide-angle, it is also possible to realize higher angle of arrival computational accuracy.
In the antenna assembly of the present invention, can be, described reflecting element has flat first type surface, the distance that the plurality of antenna element configuration is the first type surface from described reflecting element is all equal, and described wave guiding elements is configured to from close two antenna element in the plurality of antenna element apart from equal.
In the antenna assembly of the present invention, it is preferred that possess the antenna element of more than three, it is respectively configured a wave guiding elements corresponding to two adjacent respectively antenna elements.According to this structure, it is possible to obtain multiple phase information, therefore, it is possible to remove the phase information of the impact being subject to multipath and improve arrival angle calculation precision.
In the antenna assembly of the present invention, it is preferred that clipping described reflecting element and the position symmetrical with described antenna element and described wave guiding elements, be configured with other antenna element and wave guiding elements.According to this structure, it is possible to receive from omnibearing electric wave rightly, therefore, it is possible to independently calculate angle of arrival with the arrival direction of electric wave.
The angle of arrival calculation element of the present invention, it is characterized in that, possess above-mentioned in any one antenna assembly, utilize with described antenna element be benchmark the angle of arrival of electric wave and the plurality of antenna element between the relation of phase contrast of electric wave be linear situation, calculate the angle of arrival of electric wave.According to this structure, it is possible to realize to reduce computational load and this angle calculation device calculating the required time of angle of arrival can being shortened.
In the angle of arrival calculation element of the present invention, it is also possible to possess the match circuit making described antenna assembly impedance matching.
The effect of invention
Even in accordance with the invention it is possible to providing the time needed for can reducing computational load and shortening the calculating of angle of arrival and wide-angle also to be able to calculate accurately antenna assembly and the angle of arrival calculation element of the angle of arrival of electric wave.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the axonometric chart that the configuration example of the antenna assembly that embodiment is related to is indicated.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that each configuration example constituted of antenna assembly that embodiment is related to is indicated.
Fig. 3 is the radiation gain illustraton of model of the antenna assembly that embodiment relates to.
Fig. 4 is the performance plot that the relation of the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival to electric wave and antenna is indicated.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the relation of the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival to electric wave and antenna is indicated.
Fig. 6 is the table that the relation to each configuration constituted in antenna assembly with the linearity is indicated.
Fig. 7 is the table that the relation to each configuration constituted in antenna assembly with reflection characteristic is indicated.
Fig. 8 is the table that the scope to the reflection characteristic obtaining high linearity and regulation in antenna assembly is indicated.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram that the configuration example of the angle of arrival calculation element that embodiment is related to is indicated.
Figure 10 is the block diagram that the concrete composition (DSSS) of the angle of arrival calculation element that embodiment is related to is indicated.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram that the example comprising the position detecting system arriving angle calculation device is indicated.
Figure 12 is the block diagram that the variation of the angle of arrival calculation element that embodiment is related to is indicated.
Figure 13 is the circuit diagram that the configuration example to the match circuit used in angle of arrival calculation element is indicated.
Figure 14 is the table that the relation to each configuration constituted in the antenna assembly in dual-purpose match circuit situation with the linearity is indicated.
Figure 15 is the table that the relation to each configuration constituted in the antenna assembly in dual-purpose match circuit situation with reflection characteristic is indicated.
The table that the scope of the reflection characteristic obtaining high linearity and regulation in antenna assembly when Figure 16 is to dual-purpose match circuit is indicated.
Figure 17 is the schematic diagram that each configuration example constituted of antenna assembly that variation is related to is indicated.
Figure 18 is the axonometric chart that the composition to the antenna assembly that variation (inverted f formula) relates to is indicated.
Figure 19 is the axonometric chart that the composition to the antenna assembly that variation (inverted L formula) relates to is indicated.
Figure 20 is the axonometric chart that the composition to the antenna assembly that variation (short dipole formula) relates to is indicated.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 1A and Figure 1B is the axonometric chart that the configuration example of the antenna assembly that the angle of arrival calculation element that one embodiment of the present invention is related to uses is indicated.Figure 1A is the concept map that the main composition key element to antenna assembly is indicated, and Figure 1B is the axonometric chart of the supporting construction of the main composition key element even comprising antenna assembly.
As illustrated in figures ia and ib, antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment possesses: two antenna elements 111,112, respectively constitutes dipole antenna；Wave guiding elements 113, is configured at from the square position approximately equidistantly of both antenna elements 111,112；Reflecting element 114, clips antenna element 111,112 and is configured at the opposition side of wave guiding elements 113.
Antenna element 111,112 is the dipole antenna that the laminal conductive member being rectangle shape extended in the Y direction by long limit is constituted.Two antenna elements 111,112 separate predetermined distance in the X-direction orthogonal with Y-direction and configure.Antenna element 111,112 has distributing point 111a, 112a at middle body, and this distributing point 111a, 112a connect for the holding wire (not shown) stretched out from the circuit substrate (not shown) at the back side being arranged at reflecting element 114.Circuit substrate is the substrate of the circuit block being provided with angle of arrival calculation element described later, and circuit substrate is provided with the acceptance division for receiving and dispatching high-frequency signal.It addition, the composition of antenna element 111,112 is not limited to OBL lamellar conductive member.Such as, antenna element 111,112 can also use the conductive member etc. of wire to constitute.Additionally, antenna element 111,112 can also be the antenna element beyond dipole antenna.
The conductive member that wave guiding elements 113 extends substantially in parallel with the bearing of trend (Y-direction) with antenna element 111,112 is constituted, and is configured to roughly equal with the distance of antenna element 111,112.In the example depicted in figure 1, the X-direction that wave guiding elements 113 is arranged between antenna element 111 and antenna element 112 centre and also be the position that have left predetermined distance in the Y direction to the opposition side of reflecting element 114.It addition, the composition of wave guiding elements 113 is not limited to rod shape.As long as wave guiding elements 113 is configured at least extend substantially in parallel with the bearing of trend of antenna element 111,112.
Reflecting element 114 is made up of the conductive member of the tabular with the first type surface 114a almost parallel with X/Y plane, and the distance being configured to each antenna element 111,112 and first type surface 114a is roughly equal.Additionally, reflecting element 114 is arranged in the opposition side of wave guiding elements 113 relative to antenna element 111 and antenna element 112.Electric wave after this reflecting element 114 reflects radiates towards antenna element 111,112.For this, the reception electric wave in antenna element 111,112 is exaggerated and received signal strength enhancing, it is possible to increase angle of arrival computational accuracy.But, the composition of reflecting element 114 is not limited to this.At least can for antenna element 111,112 reflection wave as long as reflecting element 114 is configured to.
It addition, as shown in Figure 1B, antenna assembly 11 possesses: the flat board 117 of the side plate 115 of supporting antenna element 111, the side plate 116 supporting antenna element 112 and supporting wave guiding elements 113.But, supporting antenna element 111,112, the structure of wave guiding elements 113 be not limited to this.
Fig. 2 be in antenna assembly 11 each element (antenna element 111,112, wave guiding elements 113, reflecting element 114) the schematic diagram that is indicated of configuration relation, it is shown that by each element (antenna element 111,112, wave guiding elements 113, reflecting element 114) project to the position in the XZ plane shown in Fig. 1.In fig. 2, if the X-direction between antenna element 111 and antenna element 112 be spaced apart La.Additionally, what set antenna element 111 and antenna element 112 Z-direction with wave guiding elements 113 is spaced apart Lc.Additionally, what set antenna element 111 and antenna element 112 Z-direction with reflecting element 114 is spaced apart Lr.Additionally, set the wavelength of electric wave as λ.
The antenna assembly 11 of present embodiment by by antenna element 111,112, wave guiding elements 113, reflecting element 114 be configured to meet the relation represented with following conditional (1)～(3), thus with antenna element 111,112 be benchmark the angle of arrival of electric wave and antenna element 111,112 between the relation of phase contrast of electric wave become linear.
> Lc+Lr > λ/4, λ/2 (1)
Lc≒Lr(2)
> La > λ/8, λ/2 (3)
Fig. 3 is the radiation gain illustraton of model of the antenna assembly 11 meeting above-mentioned condition.Antenna assembly is indicated by radiation gain model relative to the transmit power in each orientation, the reception power received from each orientation is indicated simultaneously.Wave guiding elements 113 side is set to 0 ° and reflecting element 114 side is set to 180 ° (-180 °) is indicated by Fig. 3.According to Fig. 3 it can be seen that enough gains can be obtained at wave guiding elements 113 side (-90 °～90 °).On the other hand, in reflecting element 114 side, along with close to 180 ° of (-180 °) directions, gain reduction.
Fig. 4 be between the angle of arrival to electric wave and antenna element in the performance plot that is indicated of the relation of phase contrast of electric wave.In the diagram, solid line L1 represents the phase contrast-angle of arrival characteristic of antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment, and dotted line L2 represents the phase contrast-angle of arrival characteristic of the conventional antenna assembly only constituted with antenna element.According to Fig. 4 it can be seen that conventional antenna assembly, have between angle of arrival and phase contrast with the relation of SIN function performance.Additionally, it can be seen that in conventional antenna assembly, when angle of arrival becomes wide-angle, phase contrast is non-linear, near 90 °, phase contrast reversion (from+180 ° to-180 ° changes sharp).In the angle of arrival calculation element of the conventional antenna assembly of this use, when the angle of arrival of electric wave is wide-angle, there is the problem that the error of angle of arrival detection becomes big.
On the other hand, antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment, there is the relation of substantial linear between angle of arrival and phase contrast, additionally, in the scope of-90 °～+90 °, for the state that phase contrast is nonreversible.For this, if using the antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment phase contrast to detect between antenna, then in angle of arrival calculation element, it is possible to suppress angle of arrival detection error and computational load can be alleviated.
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B is the schematic diagram that the relation of the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival to electric wave and antenna element is indicated.The performance plot of the antenna assembly that Fig. 5 A is those that have previously been, Fig. 5 B is the performance plot of antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment.In conventional antenna assembly, phase difference φ (rad) such as shows with the SIN function of angle of arrival θ (rad).For this, angle of arrival θ (rad) represents with arcsin function as following formula (4).In formula (4), d (m) is the distance between antenna, and λ (m) is the wavelength of electric wave.In the case, in order to calculate angle of arrival based on phase information, it is necessary to carry out arcsine computing.
[numerical expression 1]
On the other hand, in antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment, the relation of angle of arrival θ (rad) and phase difference φ (rad) such as formula (5) described as follows is similar to substantial linear like that.In formula (5), a is constant (proportionality constant).In the case, it is not necessary to carry out arctangent cp cp operation to calculate angle of arrival based on phase information.
[numerical expression 2]
θ=a Δ φ ... (5)
So, antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment can make the relation of the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival of electric wave and antenna element be substantial linear, therefore without carrying out the calculation process of antitrigonometric function, it is possible to simplify the calculation process that the calculating of angle of arrival relates to.Thereby, it is possible to alleviate the computational load arriving angle calculation device and shorten the time needed for the calculating of angle of arrival.
Fig. 6 A～Fig. 6 E is the table that the configuration of each element in the antenna assembly 11 when to electric wave (λ 120 (mm)) employing 2.4GHz section is indicated with the relation of the linearity.In each table, row represents the distance Lr of antenna element and reflecting element, and the distance Lc of plane and the wave guiding elements comprising antenna element is shown in list.Linearity when Fig. 6 A～Fig. 6 E represents the distance La setting between antenna element respectively as 15mm, 30mm, 36mm, 38mm, 40mm.The linearity is to the index being indicated from the skew of near linear.More high closer to 100 linearities.× labelling is expressed as follows situation: phasing back in measurement range (phase ranges of ± 90 °) and appropriate phase information cannot be obtained.
The table that Fig. 7 A～Fig. 7 E is the configuration to each element in the antenna assembly 11 when employing the electric wave of 2.4GHz section to be indicated with the relation of the reflection characteristic of antenna element.In each table, row represents the distance Lr of antenna element and reflecting element, and the distance Lc of plane and the wave guiding elements comprising antenna element is shown in list.The reflection characteristic of antenna element when Fig. 7 A～Fig. 7 E represents the distance La setting between antenna element respectively as 15mm, 30mm, 36mm, 38mm, 40mm.At this, 2.4GHz section is represented (specifically with × labelling, 2400 (MHz)～2480 (MHz)) in the reflection characteristic of the antenna element situation bigger than-6dB, it is expressed as the situation of below more than-10dB-6dB with warning triangle, represents the little situation of ratio-10dB with circle labelling.Oblique line in table represents cannot obtain appropriate data.
Fig. 8 A～Fig. 8 C indicates that the table of the scope of the reflection characteristic obtaining the higher linearity and regulation.Fig. 8 A～Fig. 8 C makes based on the characteristic of Fig. 6 A～Fig. 6 E and Fig. 7 A～Fig. 7 E.Fig. 8 A～Fig. 8 C represents the distance La that sets between the antenna element situation as 36mm, 38mm, 40mm respectively.In each table, row represents the distance Lr of antenna element and reflecting element, and the distance Lc of line segment and the wave guiding elements being connected by two antenna elements, the value of the numeric representation Lc+Lr of the cross section of row and column are shown in list.In addition, in each table, the region of Lc > Lr is Shadowed, and the region of the reflection characteristic (Fig. 7 intermediate cam labelling or circle labelling) with the higher linearity (in Fig. 6, the linearity is more than 85) and regulation surrounds with thick line.
According to Fig. 6 A～Fig. 6 E, Fig. 7 A～Fig. 7 E and based on they make Fig. 8 A～Fig. 8 C it can be seen that the region having the reflection characteristic of the higher linearity and regulation concurrently is present near the boundary in the region of Lc > Lr and the region of Lc < Lr.So, in order to realize the antenna assembly 11 with the higher linearity and reflection characteristic, Lc and Lr is needed to meet 1.5 > Lr/Lc > 0.5, it is preferred that to need to meet 1.3 > Lr/Lc > 0.6.That is, it needs to meet above-mentioned conditional (2).
Additionally, in antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment, when Lc+Lr is λ/2 (60mm), wave guiding elements 113 and reflecting element 114 are maximum relative to the contribution of antenna element 111 and antenna element 112.In the case, the gain in the gain in 0 ° of direction and 180 ° of (-180 °) directions reaches maximum, and therefore phase contrast reverses in the scope of ± 90 ° relative to the characteristic curve of angle of arrival.Additionally, Lc+Lr be λ/4 (30mm) below when, antenna element 111 and antenna element 112 and the close together of wave guiding elements 113 or reflecting element 114, therefore cannot obtain enough resonance characteristics as shown in Fig. 8 A～Fig. 8 C.Due to this situation, antenna assembly 11 needs to meet > Lc+Lr > λ/4, λ/2.That is, it needs to meet above-mentioned conditional (1).
In addition, in antenna assembly 11 of the present embodiment, antenna element 111 and antenna element 112 be spaced apart λ/8 (15mm) below time, antenna element 111 is relevant stronger to antenna element 112, in antenna element 111 side and antenna element 112 side, gain model is asymmetrical.On the other hand, antenna element 111 and when being spaced apart more than λ/2 (60mm) of antenna element 112, phase contrast reverses in the scope of ± 90 ° relative to the characteristic curve of angle of arrival.Additionally, the amplitude of variation of phase contrast becomes big, phase contrast becomes not to be linear relative to the relation of angle of arrival.Due to this situation, antenna assembly 11 needs to meet > La > λ/8, λ/2.That is, it needs to meet above-mentioned conditional (3).
As described above, the condition that formula (1)～(3) relate to is met such that it is able to the relation of the phase contrast realizing electric wave between antenna element is substantial linear, and has the antenna assembly of higher characteristic.By using this antenna assembly 11, it is possible to alleviate the computational load of arrival angle calculation device and shorten the time needed for the calculating of angle of arrival.
Hereinafter, the concrete composition of angle of arrival calculation element of the present embodiment is illustrated.Fig. 9 is to the block diagram using the above-mentioned antenna assembly 11 configuration example as the angle of arrival calculation element of antenna assembly to be indicated.Angle of arrival calculation element 1 possesses: reference signal generating unit 10, it is possible to go out reference signal with the oscillation frequency of regulation；Antenna assembly 11, is configured to include above-mentioned antenna element 111,112；Acceptance division 12a, 12b, use the reference signal from reference signal generating unit 10 output, the electric wave received with antenna element 111,112 is transformed to reception signal and exports；Operational part 13, according to the reception signal exported from acceptance division 12a, 12b, carries out arriving the various calculation process used by angle calculation.It addition, angle of arrival calculation element 1 is in order to calculate angle of arrival based on the delayed phase caused by the propagation delay of electric wave, it is necessary to receive the electric wave with identical information at 2 points (or point of more than 2) separating predetermined distance.For this, possess two (or above) antenna elements corresponding with receiving electric wave and the system of reception as described above.But, as long as same arrival electric wave (identical information bit) can be received the position of more than 2 that separate predetermined distance, angle of arrival calculation element 1 is not limited to the composition possessing the reception system of more than 2.
Acceptance division 12a, 12b are configured to, and including low-noise amplifier, frequency mixer, band filter etc., and are able to receive that the electric wave of assigned frequency.Operational part 13 is configured to, including: correlation processing unit 21a, 21b, it is received the relevant treatment of signal；Peakvalue's checking portion 22a, 22b, detect the peak value receiving signal crossed through relevant treatment；Timing control part 23a, 23b, corresponding to the timing of the peak value detected by peakvalue's checking portion 22a, 22b, export the signal from correlation processing unit 21a, 21b；Angle of arrival calculating part 24, based on the signal from timing control part 23a, 23b, carries out the calculating of angle of arrival.It addition, the composition of operational part 13, function can realize with hardware, it is also possible to realize with software.
Correlation processing unit 21a, 21b are by receiving signal and the signal multiplication higher with this reception signal correction and exporting from acceptance division 12a, 12b.The signal taken advantage of in correlation processing unit 21a, 21b is relevant higher to what receive signal, therefore has peak value from the signal of correlation processing unit 21a, 21b output at related interval.Peakvalue's checking portion 22a, 22b calculate the power from correlation processing unit 21a, the output signal of 21b, the power peak of detection output signal.Timing control part 23a, 23b are corresponding to the peak value timing detected in peakvalue's checking portion 22a, 22b, and the output signal of auto-correlation processing portion 21a, 21b exports to angle of arrival calculating part 24 in the future.
Figure 10 is the block diagram that the concrete configuration example to angle of arrival calculation element when using DSSS (DSSS) as modulation system is indicated.It addition, in Fig. 10, illustrate only the composition suitable with the operational part 13 in Fig. 9.
In Figure 10, correlation processing unit 21a possesses: spreading code generator 31, produces spreading code；Multiplier 32a, 32b, be multiplied reception signal with spreading code；Adder 33a, 33b, increase the output of multiplier 32a, 32b during 1 bit and export to peakvalue's checking portion 22a and timing control part 23a.Peakvalue's checking portion 22a possesses: power calculation portion 34a, calculates the power of the signal exported from adder 33a, 33b；Peak power detection portion 35a, detects this power peak and exports to timing control part 23a.Timing control part 23a possesses buffer part 36a, and this buffer part 36a based on the signal from peak power detection portion 35a, controls the signal output timing to angle of arrival calculating part 24 from adder 33a, 33b.Similarly, correlation processing unit 21b possesses spreading code generator 31, multiplier 32c, 32d, adder 33c, 33d, and peakvalue's checking portion 22b possesses power calculation portion 34b, peak power detection portion 35b, and timing control part 23b possesses buffer part 36b.Angle of arrival calculating part 24 possesses: complex conjugate portion 41, takes the complex conjugate of the output of buffer part 36a；Complex multiplication portion 42, by the output complex multiplication of the output in complex conjugate portion 41 and buffer part 36b；Arc tangent portion 43, uses the output in complex multiplication portion 42 to carry out arctangent cp cp operation；Power calculation portion 44, from the output signal in complex multiplication portion 42, calculates the power that each chip (chip) is interval；Equalization part 45, based on the information from power calculation portion 44, by the output equalization in arc tangent portion 43；Angle of arrival transformation component 46, uses the output of equalization part 45, is transformed to angle of arrival.
Spreading code generator 31 produces the signal spreading code against spread spectrum for making by DSSS spread spectrum on the frequency axis.The spreading code used when this spreading code corresponding to being encoded modulation (spread spectrum) in sending side.Reception signal is multiplied with above-mentioned spreading code and carries out inverse spread spectrum by multiplier 32a, 32b.Multiplier 32a is enter to the same phase constituent I1 received in signal from acceptance division 12a.Additionally, multiplier 32b is enter to the orthogonal component Q1 received in signal from acceptance division 12a.The output of each chip interval of multiplier 32a, 32b is increased the period (bit interval) suitable with 1 bit and exports by adder 33a, 33b.
The output signal of adder 33a and the output signal of adder 33b are input to the buffer part 36a of the power calculation portion 34a and timing control part 23a of peakvalue's checking portion 22a.Power calculation portion 34a, from the output signal of adder 33a, 33b, calculates the power of each chip interval.Specifically, the absolute value of output signal and the absolute value exporting signal of the adder 33b suitable with orthogonal component of the adder 33a suitable with same phase constituent are added by power calculation portion 34a, and the result that will add up exports to peak power detection portion 35a as the power information of each chip interval.After peak power detection portion 35a receives the power information of each chip interval, detection receives the power peak in signal the buffer part 36a exported to timing control part 23a as power peak information.Alternatively, it is also possible to export to peak power detection portion 35a after the square value of the output signal of adder 33a and the square value addition exporting signal of adder 33b.
Correlation processing unit 21b (spreading code generator 31, multiplier 32c, 32d, adder 33c, 33d), peakvalue's checking portion 22b (power calculation portion 34b, peak power detection portion 35b), the action of timing control part 23b (buffer part 36b), function are identical with above-mentioned correlation processing unit 21a (spreading code generator 31, multiplier 32a, 32b, adder 33a, 33b), peakvalue's checking portion 22a (power calculation portion 34a, peak power detection portion 35a), the action of timing control part 23a (buffer part 36a), function.
To the reception signal of correlation processing unit 21a input and the reception signal to correlation processing unit 21b input, being separating 2 signals receiving same electric wave of predetermined distance, phase place is slightly different.For this, from timing control part 23a output signal and from timing control part 23b output signal between, phase place is slightly different.The signal suitable with same phase constituent is set to real part and the signal suitable with orthogonal component is set to imaginary part, with the plural number output O to timing control part 23aa1And the output O of timing control part 23ba2When showing, become as following formula (6), (7).It addition, φ1And φ2Represent the phase place of each signal.
[numerical expression 3]
[numerical expression 4]
The output O of timing control part 23aa1It is input to the complex conjugate portion 41 of angle of arrival calculating part 24.Complex conjugate portion 41 is by the output O of timing control part 23aa1Complex conjugate export to complex multiplication portion 42.That is, the signal after the sign-inverted of signal Ia1 and signal Qa1 is exported from complex conjugate portion 41.At the output O showing complex conjugate portion 41 with plural numbera1′Time, become as following formula (8).
[numerical expression 5]
Complex multiplication portion 42 is by the output O in complex conjugate portion 41a1′Output O with timing control part 23ba2Complex multiplication, and the signal Ib and signal Qb as multiplied result is exported to arc tangent portion 43 and power calculation portion 44.The output O in complex multiplication portion 42b, output ObSame phase constituent Ib and orthogonal component Qb represent as following formula (9)～(11).
[numerical expression 6]
[numerical expression 7]
Ib=Ia1 × Ia2+Qa1 × Qa2 ... (10)
[numerical expression 8]
Qb=Qa1 × Ia2-Ia1 × Qa2 ... (11)
Arc tangent portion 43 uses the output in complex multiplication portion 42 to carry out arctangent cp cp operation.Specifically, carry out the output signal Ib in complex multiplication portion 42 as denominator and using the output signal Qb arctangent cp cp operation as the value of molecule.The output O in arc tangent portion 43arctanBe equivalent to phase difference2-φ1(rad), represent by following formula (12).
[numerical expression 9]
Power calculation portion 44 calculates the power of each chip interval from the output signal in complex multiplication portion 42.Specifically, the absolute value of Ib and the absolute value of Qb are added by power calculation portion 44, and the result that will add up exports to equalization part 45 as the power information of each chip interval.Alternatively, it is also possible to export to equalization part 45 after the square value of Ib and the square value of Qb are added.After equalization part 45 receives the power information of each chip interval, by the output O in arc tangent portion 43arctanEqualization also exports to angle of arrival transformation component 46.
Angle of arrival transformation component 46 is loved and respected the output (for the output in arc tangent portion 43 when not having equalization part 45) of that equalization part 45 and is transformed to angle of arrival.Angle of arrival calculation element 1 of the present embodiment uses antenna assembly 11, therefore angle of arrival θ (rad) and phase difference2-φ1(rad) relation is substantial linear.That is, phase difference2-φ1(rad) it is transformed to angle of arrival θ (rad) by following formula (13).In following formula (13), a is constant.Thus, if the value of constant a is known, then can calculate angle of arrival when not carrying out the calculation process of antitrigonometric function, therefore, it is possible to alleviate computational load and cripetura angle of arrival calculate the required time.
[numerical expression 10]
θ=a (φ2-φ1)…(13)
It follows that the example of the position detecting system employing above-mentioned angle of arrival calculation element 1 is illustrated.Position detecting system 101 shown in Figure 11 is configured to include: angle of arrival calculation element 1a；Another angle of arrival calculation element 1b separating predetermined distance D with angle of arrival calculation element 1a and configure；And accessing points 2 or user terminal 3.Accessing points 2 and user terminal 3 are configured to, and possess transmission system and reception system (not shown) respectively, and can carry out two-way information transmission (communication).Additionally, accessing points 2 and user terminal 3 are configured to, it is possible to by the transmission system being each provided with, angle of arrival calculation element 1a and angle of arrival calculation element 1b is sent the electric wave arriving angle calculation.The object of position detection can be either one of accessing points 2 or user terminal 3.
Angle of arrival calculation element 1a antenna assembly 11a receives the electric wave that the transmission antenna from accessing points 2 sends, and calculates with the angle of arrival calculation element 1a angle of arrival being benchmark.Additionally, angle of arrival calculation element 1b antenna assembly 11b receives the electric wave that the transmission antenna from accessing points 2 sends, and calculate with the angle of arrival calculation element 1b angle of arrival being benchmark.If the position relationship of angle of arrival calculation element 1a and angle of arrival calculation element 1b is known, then can determine the position of accessing points 2 according to the angle of arrival using them as benchmark.When the position of user terminal 3 is detected, angle of arrival calculation element 1a and angle of arrival calculation element 1b calculates the angle of arrival of the electric wave sent from user terminal 3.
It follows that the variation of above-mentioned angle of arrival calculation element 1 is illustrated.Figure 12 is to the block diagram using the above-mentioned antenna assembly 11 variation as the angle of arrival calculation element of antenna assembly to be indicated.Angle of arrival calculation element 1c shown in Figure 12 constitutes except match circuit 14a, 14b set between antenna assembly 11 and acceptance division 12a, 12b, identical with the angle of arrival calculation element 1 shown in Fig. 9.In angle of arrival calculation element 1c, match circuit 14a, 14b are configured to take antenna assembly 11 and the later circuit of acceptance division 12a, 12b constitute between impedance matching (impedancematching).Other the composition of angle of arrival calculation element 1c is identical with angle of arrival calculation element 1, therefore omits detailed description at this.
Figure 13 A to Figure 13 C is the figure that the concrete configuration example to match circuit 14a, 14b is indicated.Match circuit 14a, 14b coil 141 shown in Figure 13 A and capacity cell 142 are constituted.One end of coil 141 and one end of capacity cell 142, be connected with antenna assembly 11.The other end of coil 141 is connected with acceptance division 12a, 12b side of angle of arrival calculation element 1a.The other end ground connection of capacity cell 142.Figure 13 B represents that the junction point at component 143 with component 144 is connected to match circuit 14a, 14b of the T font of component 145.Component 143,144,145 is applied coil or capacity cell.Figure 13 C represents match circuit 14a, the 14b of the π font being connected to component 147,148 at the two ends of component 146.Component 146,147,148 is applied coil or capacity cell.It addition, the composition of match circuit 14a, 14b is not limited to the composition shown in Figure 13.
Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B be in antenna assembly 11 dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b situation and not dual-purpose when the table that is indicated of the configuration of each element and the relation of the linearity of antenna assembly 11.The situation of not dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b is indicated by Figure 14 A, and the situation of dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b is indicated by Figure 14 B.At this, if the distance La between antenna element is 30mm and uses 2.4GHz section.In each table, row represents the distance Lr of antenna element and reflecting element, and the distance Lc of plane and the wave guiding elements comprising antenna element is shown in list.The linearity is to the index being indicated from the skew of near linear.More high closer to 100 linearities.
Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B be in antenna assembly 11 dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b situation and not dual-purpose when the table that is indicated of the relation of reflection characteristic of configuration and antenna assembly 11 of each element of antenna assembly 11.The situation of not dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b is indicated by Figure 15 A, and the situation of dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b is indicated by Figure 15 B.At this, if the distance La between antenna element is 30mm and uses 2.4GHz section.In each table, row represents the distance Lr of antenna element and reflecting element, and the distance Lc of plane and the wave guiding elements comprising antenna element is shown in list.In Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B, 2.4GHz section is represented (specifically with × labelling, 2400 (MHz)～2480 (MHz)) in the reflection characteristic of the antenna element situation bigger than-6dB, it is expressed as the situation of below more than-10dB-6dB with warning triangle, represents the little situation of ratio-10dB with circle labelling.Oblique line in table represents cannot obtain appropriate data.
Figure 16 obtains the table of the scope of the reflection characteristic of the higher linearity and regulation when indicating that dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b in antenna assembly 11.Figure 16 makes based on the characteristic of Figure 14 B and Figure 15 B.In the table of Figure 16, row represents the distance Lr of antenna element and reflecting element, and the distance Lc of line segment and the wave guiding elements being connected by two antenna elements, the value of the numeric representation Lc+Lr of the cross section of row and column are shown in list.Additionally, the region of Lc > Lr is Shadowed, the region of the reflection characteristic (Figure 15 B intermediate cam labelling or circle labelling) with the higher linearity (in Figure 14 B, the linearity is more than 85) and regulation surrounds with thick line.
So, in antenna assembly 11 when dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b, obtain enough resonance characteristics in region bigger than λ/8 (15mm) for Lc+Lr.This is because, by dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b, it is possible to improve the reflection characteristic of antenna assembly 11.Due to this situation, antenna assembly 11 needs to meet > Lc+Lr > λ/8, λ/2.That is, when dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b, conditional (1) is expanded as following formula (1a).
> Lc+Lr > λ/8, λ/2 (1a)
Namely, when dual-purpose match circuit 14a, 14b, make antenna assembly 11 adopt and meet the configuration of relation represented with following conditional (1a)～(3), thus enable that with antenna element 111,112 be benchmark the angle of arrival of electric wave and antenna element 111,112 between the relation of phase contrast of electric wave be linear.
> Lc+Lr > λ/8, λ/2 (1a)
Lc≒Lr(2)
> La > λ/8, λ/2 (3)
It follows that the variation of the antenna assembly that angle of arrival calculation element uses is illustrated.Figure 17 A to Figure 17 B is the schematic diagram that the composition to antenna assembly is indicated, and Figure 17 A represents the composition that the first variation relates to, and Figure 17 B represents the composition that the second variation relates to.
Antenna assembly 11c shown in Figure 17 A in the same manner as antenna assembly 11, possess meet two antenna elements 111 of above-mentioned conditional (1)～(3) (comprising conditional (1a)～(3)), 112, wave guiding elements 113, reflecting element 114.Further, antenna assembly 11c possess to meet above-mentioned conditional (1)～(3) (comprising conditional (1a)～(3)) substantially symmetrically configure relative to reflecting element 114 two antenna elements 121,122, wave guiding elements 123.
This antenna assembly 11c by antenna element 111,112, reflecting element 114 and wave guiding elements 113 form the radiation patterns shown in Fig. 3.Additionally, by antenna element 121,122, reflecting element 114 and wave guiding elements 123, form the radiation patterns after making the radiation patterns rotation turnback shown in Fig. 3.Therefore, it is possible to receive rightly from omnibearing electric wave.For this, it is possible to calculate the angle of arrival of electric wave from comprehensive arrival accurately.
Antenna assembly 11d shown in Figure 17 B possesses: three antenna elements configuring at substantially equal intervals 111,112,131, the wave guiding elements 113 that substantially equidistantly configures from antenna element 111,112, the wave guiding elements 133 substantially equidistantly configured from antenna element 111,131 and reflecting element 114.
This antenna assembly 11d, it is configured with wave guiding elements 113 in order to meet above-mentioned conditional (1)～(3) (including conditional (1a)～(3)) relative to a pair antenna element 111,112, relative to another, antenna element 111,131 is configured with wave guiding elements 133 to meet above-mentioned conditional (1)～(3) (comprising conditional (1a)～(3)).So, possess three antenna elements and possess two wave guiding elements corresponding respectively with adjacent two antenna elements, it is possible to the slightly different electric wave of receiving phase and obtain different phase informations.For this, it is possible to remove the phase information of the impact being subject to multipath etc. and improve arrival angle calculation precision.It addition, the number of antenna element can also be more than four.In the case, as long as using the multiple wave guiding elements corresponding respectively with two adjacent antenna elements.
Figure 18～Figure 20 is the axonometric chart that other the variation to antenna element is indicated.Variation shown in Figure 18 is to constitute the example of antenna element 111,112 with the antenna of inverted f formula.The antenna (antenna element 111,112) of this inverted f formula is configured to, including: first extension 111b, 112b, upwardly extend in the side vertical relative to reflecting element 114；Second extension 111c, 112c, connects at reflecting element 114 side end and first extension 111b, 112b of first extension 111b, 112b, and vertically extends relative to first extension 111b, 112b；3rd extension 111d, 112d, is connected with first extension 111b, 112b near the central authorities of first extension 111b, 112b, and vertically extends relative to first extension 111b, 112b.In this antenna element, the fore-end of the 3rd extension 111d, 112d becomes distributing point 111a, 112a.
Variation shown in Figure 19, is the example constituting antenna element 111,112 with the antenna of inverted L formula.The antenna (antenna element 111,112) of this inverted L formula is configured to, including: first extension 111e, 112e, upwardly extend in the side vertical relative to reflecting element 114；Second extension 111f, 112f, connects at reflecting element 114 side end and first extension 111e, 112e of first extension 111e, 112e, and vertically extends relative to first extension 111e, 112e.In this antenna element, the fore-end of second extension 111f, 112f becomes distributing point 111a, 112a.
In Figure 20, antenna element 111,112 is constituted by being formed as forniciform conductive member.In this antenna element, the electrical length being formed as forniciform conductive member is roughly equal with the electrical length of the antenna element shown in Fig. 1.That is, this antenna element is the dipole aerial element of shortening formula.Even if when using the antenna element as shown in Figure 18～Figure 20, it is also possible to obtain same effect.
As previously discussed, by the antenna assembly of the present invention, it is possible to the relation making the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival of electric wave and antenna element is substantial linear, therefore can process by simplified operation in the calculating of angle of arrival.Thereby, it is possible to reduce the computational load arrived in angle calculation device and the time needed for the calculating of angle of arrival can be shortened.
It addition, the present invention is not limited to the record of above-mentioned embodiment, it is possible to the form to play its effect suitably changes.Such as, angle of arrival calculation element also is able to be set to use the composition of the modulation system beyond OFDM (OFDM) etc., DSSS.Additionally, antenna assembly also is able to be used in the transmission of electric wave.
Industrial applicibility
The antenna assembly of the present invention can be used in system and other the various uses of the position determining object.
The Patent 2012-26482 that the application applied for based on February 9th, 2012.The full content of earlier application is incorporated herein.
Claims (5)
1. an antenna assembly, possesses:
Multiple antenna elements；
Reflecting element, rear side and described antenna element at described antenna element separate predetermined distance and configure；And
Wave guiding elements, face side and described antenna element at described antenna element separate predetermined distance and configure,
This antenna assembly is characterised by,
Described reflecting element has flat first type surface, and the distance that the plurality of antenna element configuration is the first type surface from described reflecting element is all equal,
The bearing of trend of described waveguide component and the plurality of antenna element extends parallel to, and described wave guiding elements is configured to from close two antenna element in the plurality of antenna element apart from equal,
If the distance between close two antenna element in the plurality of antenna element is La, if the distance of the line segment be connected described two antenna elements and described wave guiding elements is Lc, if the distance of described antenna element and described reflecting element is Lr, if the wavelength of electric wave is λ, meet
> Lc+Lr > λ/4, λ/2,
Lc Lr,
> La > λ/8, λ/2,
Configure described antenna element, described wave guiding elements and described reflecting element so that with described antenna element be benchmark the angle of arrival of electric wave and the plurality of antenna element between the relation of phase contrast of electric wave become linear.
2. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Possess the antenna element of more than three, be each configured with a wave guiding elements corresponding to two adjacent respectively antenna elements.
3. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Clipping described reflecting element and the position symmetrical with described antenna element and described wave guiding elements, it is configured with other antenna element and wave guiding elements.
4. an angle of arrival calculation element, it is characterised in that
Possessing the antenna assembly described in claim 1, the relation of the phase contrast of the electric wave between the angle of arrival of the electric wave that utilization is benchmark with described antenna element and the plurality of antenna element is linear situation, calculates the angle of arrival of electric wave.
5. angle of arrival calculation element as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that
Possessing match circuit, this match circuit makes described antenna assembly impedance matching.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-026482 | 2012-02-09 | ||
| JP2012026482 | 2012-02-09 | ||
| PCT/JP2013/050902 WO2013118560A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2013-01-18 | Antenna device and arrival angle calculating device using same |
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| CN104115022A CN104115022A (en) | 2014-10-22 |
| CN104115022B true CN104115022B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
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| JP (1) | JP5873509B2 (en) |
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| JP6239372B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-11-29 | 古河Ｃ＆Ｂ株式会社 | Antenna device |
| CN107526056A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-29 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of phase-interfer-ometer direction-finding method based on real-time channel phase alignment |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5635071A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-07 | Toshiba Corp | Antenna unit for azimuth measurement |
| JPH10150319A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-06-02 | Nippon Dengiyou Kosaku Kk | Dipole antenna with reflector |
| CN1673770A (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-28 | 富士通天株式会社 | Radar apparatus |
| JP2006108841A (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-20 | Ntt Docomo Inc | Antenna device |
-
2013
- 2013-01-18 CN CN201380008611.4A patent/CN104115022B/en active Active
- 2013-01-18 JP JP2013557451A patent/JP5873509B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-18 WO PCT/JP2013/050902 patent/WO2013118560A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5635071A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-07 | Toshiba Corp | Antenna unit for azimuth measurement |
| JPH10150319A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-06-02 | Nippon Dengiyou Kosaku Kk | Dipole antenna with reflector |
| CN1673770A (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-28 | 富士通天株式会社 | Radar apparatus |
| JP2006108841A (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-20 | Ntt Docomo Inc | Antenna device |
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| JP5873509B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
| CN104115022A (en) | 2014-10-22 |
| WO2013118560A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
| JPWO2013118560A1 (en) | 2015-05-11 |
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