CN104106482A - Environment-friendly stichopus japonicus disease prevention and treatment technology - Google Patents
Environment-friendly stichopus japonicus disease prevention and treatment technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104106482A CN104106482A CN201410315284.3A CN201410315284A CN104106482A CN 104106482 A CN104106482 A CN 104106482A CN 201410315284 A CN201410315284 A CN 201410315284A CN 104106482 A CN104106482 A CN 104106482A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly stichopus japonicus disease prevention and treatment technology. The environment-friendly stichopus japonicus disease prevention and treatment technology comprises the first step of conducting dechlorination and oxygen dissolution on fresh water used for soaking fingerlings and controlling the water temperature, the second step of selecting stichopus japonicus fingerlings with the weight larger than and equal to 1.0 g, classifying the stichopus japonicus fingerlings, soaking the stichopus japonicus fingerlings in the fresh water obtained in the first step after impurities are removed, and inflating the fresh water in the soaking process, and the third step of discarding the fresh water after completion of soaking in the fresh water, adding sea water into corresponding culture ponds, inflating the culture ponds, recovering for 3-5 minutes until tube feet on the abdomens, parapodia on the back and tentacles on the mouths of the fingerlings entirely stretch out and splashing the fingerlings into the corresponding culture ponds. Through the technical method, the fingerling survival rate of stichopus japonicus can be increased, and the anti-disease ability of the stichopus japonicus can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology, refer to especially a kind of technology of utilizing animal pathogen the inadaptability of salinity rapid drawdown to be improved to stichopus japonicus survival rate of seedlings and resistance against diseases.
Background technology
The so-called sea cucumber of stichopus japonicus (Stichopus japonicus), in classification, be under the jurisdiction of Echinodermata (Echinodermata), Holothuroidea (Holothuroidea), Parapet hand order (Aspidochirota), Stichopodidae (Stichopodidae), for temperate zone kind, natural resources is mainly distributed in Japan, China, Korea S and Far-east Area of Russia, is mainly distributed in the Northern Coastal Regions such as Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei in China.Stichopus japonicus is the highest famous and precious sea cucumber product of one of nutritive value in the common sea cucumber kind of China, ranks first of marine products " eight delicacies ".Having become in recent years one of main breeding breed variety of Northern Coastal Region, is the important marine products economic species of China.Along with the fast development of apostichopus japonicus culture industry, the disease problem of stichopus japonicus comes one after another, and the outburst of disease has become the bottleneck that limits the healthy and stable development of this industry.Common apostichopus japonicus culture pathogene mainly comprises bacterium, mould and parasite three classes, as Vibrio splindidus, flatworm and infusorian etc., cause stichopus japonicus epidermis to fester, change the symptom such as skin and swollen mouth, in producing at present, main methods for the treatment of is the antibiotic etc (as furans antibiotic, Florfenicol etc.) of throwing something and feeding, and uses for a long time or abuse, not only causes microorganisms pesticide resistance, antibody-resistant bacterium constantly increases, aquatic livestock immunologic function declines, and in addition, has also caused huge economic loss.Develop non-harmful natural antibacterial product, Standard cultivation operational procedure, reaches the rational use of medicines, and properly pasteurized is the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection, can improve stichopus japonicus survival rate of seedlings and resistance against diseases.
A stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology for environmental protection, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the fresh water that immersion seed is used carries out dechlorination, oxygen dissolved and controls water temperature;
Step 2: choose body weight >=1.0g juvenile stichopus classification, after removal of contamination, be soaked in the fresh water that above-mentioned steps 1 obtains, and in immersion process to light Aeration in the water;
Step 3: treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is outwelled, add seawater inflation in corresponding culturing pool, recover 3～5min, treat that seed belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, dechlorination is for passing through the dechlorination of air pump aeration.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, the oxygen dissolved of fresh water is more than 5mg/L.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, soak seed fresh water temperature and be controlled at 14～22 DEG C, and seawater water temperature in fresh water water temperature culturing pool corresponding to seed is consistent.
As further technical scheme, the optimum water temperature of described immersion seed fresh water temperature is 15～20 DEG C.
As further technical scheme, in described step 2, be divided into following two-stage: 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, the initial body weight of 4.0g < according to the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus, and soak the different time according to classification.
As further technical scheme, the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 10min at every turn; The initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is the initial body weight of 4.0g <, soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 15min at every turn.
The present invention utilizes the inadaptability of animal pathogen to salinity rapid drawdown, by by regular juvenile stichopus being soaked in fresh water, effectively reduce the bacterial number of juvenile stichopus body surface, thereby can effectively reduce because apostichopus japonicus culture pathogene causes stichopus japonicus epidermis and fester, change the generation of the symptom such as skin and swollen mouth, improve stichopus japonicus survival rate of seedlings and resistance against diseases, this diseases prevention technology environmental protection and simple thereby reach.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of a kind of environmental protection in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
A stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology for environmental protection, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the fresh water that immersion seed is used carries out dechlorination, oxygen dissolved and controls water temperature;
Step 2: choose body weight >=1.0g juvenile stichopus classification, after removal of contamination, be soaked in the fresh water that above-mentioned steps 1 obtains, and in immersion process to light Aeration in the water;
Step 3: treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is outwelled, add seawater inflation in corresponding culturing pool, recover 3～5min, treat that seed belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, dechlorination is for passing through the dechlorination of air pump aeration.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, the oxygen dissolved of fresh water is more than 5mg/L.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, soak seed fresh water temperature and be controlled at 14～22 DEG C, and seawater water temperature in fresh water water temperature culturing pool corresponding to seed is consistent.
As further technical scheme, the optimum water temperature of described immersion seed fresh water temperature is 15～20 DEG C.
As further technical scheme, in described step 2, be divided into following two-stage: 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, the initial body weight of 4.0g < according to the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus, and soak the different time according to classification.
As further technical scheme, the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 10min at every turn; The initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is the initial body weight of 4.0g <, soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 15min at every turn.
The stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of a kind of environmental protection proposed by the invention, key point has two aspects, and the one, the water temperature of soaking stichopus japonicus seedling fresh water used is consistent with the seawater water temperature of culturing stichopus japonicus seed, and the 2nd, control the freshwater soaking time.Concrete main points are as follows:
1) soaking the fresh water (i.e. the running water used in life) of use must be fresh, dechlorination is (because containing bleach clorox in running water, therefore need aeration one day), dechlorination method of the present invention is for using air pump aeration to carry out dechlorination, dissolved oxygen amount abundance, stichopus japonicus is stronger to the tolerance of hypoxemia, can normal growth and existence more than 2mg/L, it in the present invention, is the aerobic degree that ensures juvenile stichopus, ensure to soak the dissolved oxygen >=5.0mg/L of fresh water, in addition, in freshwater soaking process, omnidistance continual carrying out inflated fresh water, to meet the needs of stichopus japonicus to oxygen, fresh water water temperature should be consistent with culturing stichopus japonicus seawater used, and (actual temp is determined according to the water temperature of culturing stichopus japonicus at that time, differ and be no more than 1 DEG C with ocean temperature, culturing stichopus japonicus seawater used is in breeding process, due to factor impacts such as weather, its ocean temperature, pH value and salinity are changing value, in breeding process, to ensure this some in the optimum range of stichopus japonicus), stichopus japonicus is indoor keeps a full stand of seedings the stage, soak stichopus japonicus water temperature and be controlled at 14～22 DEG C, suitable immersion water temperature is at 15～20 DEG C, if water temperature is lower than 14 DEG C, freshwater soaking can stimulate stichopus japonicus to produce stress reaction, there is telling intestines phenomenon in part stichopus japonicus, affect stichopus japonicus growth.
2) most of stichopus japonicus are typical stenohalinity animals, particularly to the adaptive capacity of Low-salinity seawater a little less than, salinity reduces the excessive or overlong time of amplitude can cause the death of stichopus japonicus, therefore, stichopus japonicus requires body surface to stand intact and (easily tells intestines if body surface damages stichopus japonicus, or breakage appearanceization skin phenomenon), in addition, the initial body weight of stichopus japonicus immersion fresh water should be more than 1.0g, the stichopus japonicus that is less than 1.0g is not suitable for carrying out freshwater soaking, thorn proofread hour tolerance that salinity is changed a little less than, freshwater soaking stimulates stichopus japonicus to produce stress reaction, there is telling intestines phenomenon in part stichopus japonicus, choose the stichopus japonicus of initial body weight more than 1.0g, and according to initial body weight control soak time, the initial larger soak time of body weight is longer, less seed (1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g) can be in the time of falling pond, be carried out the freshwater soaking of 10min weekly, become larger seed (initial body weight > 4.0g) and can adopt 15min freshwater soaking, to soak weekly once equally, in addition, the seed that body weight is less, through cultivation, stichopus japonicus body weight increases gradually, in the time that body weight is greater than 4.0g, soak time is increased to the 15min, after immersion finishes, to transfer them in time in fresh seawater, and carry out oxygenation, treat stichopus japonicus belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, again juvenile stichopus is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
Embodiment mono-
For less juvenile stichopus (1.0≤initial body weight≤4.0g) freshwater soaking method of operating, concrete steps are as follows:
1, be first ready to soak fresh water used, require fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance (dissolved oxygen >=5.0mg/L), mix up water temperature (14～22 DEG C), for subsequent use.
2, fall weekly pond or change after sheet, stichopus japonicus is collected with mesh bag, rinse mesh bag outside with seawater water pipe flowing water, till treating that mesh bag oozes out impurity no longer outward, stichopus japonicus in mesh bag is put into larger container (as the juvenile stichopus of former 8 jin is placed on 4m
3in the cement pit of size, now can be placed in the container of 20L), after having damaged stichopus japonicus to choose body surface, add preprepared fresh water, require fresh water not have all stichopus japonicus, and to uninterruptedly inflation in fresh water, freshwater soaking 10min.
3, treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is filtered, stichopus japonicus is still retained in original container, add seawater and inflation in corresponding culturing pool, need seawater all not have stichopus japonicus, recover 3～5min, treat that stichopus japonicus belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
4, fall Chi Shike carries out freshwater soaking one time at every turn, observes at any time stichopus japonicus recovery situation and growth conditions, periodic logging stichopus japonicus survive quantity and body weight.
Embodiment bis-
For larger juvenile stichopus (initial body weight > 4.0g) freshwater soaking method of operating, concrete steps are as follows:
1, be first ready to soak fresh water used, require fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance (dissolved oxygen >=5.0mg/L), mix up water temperature (14～22 DEG C), for subsequent use.
2, fall weekly pond or change after sheet, stichopus japonicus is collected with mesh bag, rinse mesh bag outside with seawater water pipe flowing water, till treating that mesh bag oozes out impurity no longer outward, stichopus japonicus in mesh bag is put into larger container (as the juvenile stichopus of former 8 jin is placed on 4m
3in the cement pit of size, now can be placed in the container of 20L), after having damaged stichopus japonicus to choose body surface, add preprepared fresh water, require fresh water not have all stichopus japonicus, and to uninterruptedly inflation in fresh water, freshwater soaking 15min.
3, treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is filtered, stichopus japonicus is still retained in original container, add seawater and inflation in corresponding culturing pool, need seawater all not have stichopus japonicus, recover 3～5min, treat that stichopus japonicus belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
4, fall Chi Shike carries out freshwater soaking one time at every turn, observes at any time stichopus japonicus recovery situation and growth conditions, periodic logging stichopus japonicus survive quantity and body weight.
Experiment one
1, prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheets (every string has 6 net sheets), to adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, employing chlorine dioxide carries out disinfection, chlorine dioxide is added in each great Bai bucket and makes its dissolving with 5ppm, place after 24h the seawater that contains chlorine dioxide is outwelled, and repeatedly rinse well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 1.14 ± 0.39g, in each bucket, raises 50 stichopus japonicus, after supporting 7 days temporarily, starts experiment, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～22 DEG C, salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, the fresh water that is ready to fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance, the control of fresh water water temperature is consistent with nature seawater water temperature, i.e. and fresh water water temperature control is 14～22 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min the freshwater soaking time, wherein 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into fresh water soak by above-mentioned experimental group design, after soaking different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours for experiment, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3.Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze and Dalian Feng Yuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is 5% left and right of stichopus japonicus body weight, and takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus after stretching is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and body weight change situation, data are shown in table 1 below.
Experiment two
1, prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheets (every string has 6 net sheets), to adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, employing chlorine dioxide carries out disinfection, chlorine dioxide is added in each great Bai bucket and makes its dissolving with 5ppm, place after 24h the seawater that contains chlorine dioxide is outwelled, and repeatedly rinse well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 1.44 ± 0.39g, in each bucket, raises 50 stichopus japonicus, after supporting 7 days temporarily, starts experiment, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～22 DEG C, salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, the fresh water that is ready to fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance, the control of fresh water water temperature is consistent with nature seawater water temperature, i.e. and fresh water water temperature control is 14～22 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min the freshwater soaking time, wherein 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into fresh water soak by above-mentioned experimental group design, after soaking different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours for experiment, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3.Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze and Dalian Feng Yuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is 5% left and right of stichopus japonicus body weight, and takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus after stretching is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and body weight change situation, data are shown in table 2 below.
Experiment three
1, prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheets (every string has 6 net sheets), to adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, employing chlorine dioxide carries out disinfection, chlorine dioxide is added in each great Bai bucket and makes its dissolving with 5ppm, place after 24h the seawater that contains chlorine dioxide is outwelled, and repeatedly rinse well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 2.32 ± 0.03g, in each bucket, raises 45 stichopus japonicus, after supporting 7 days temporarily, starts experiment, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 11～14 DEG C, salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, the fresh water that is ready to fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance, the control of fresh water water temperature is consistent with nature seawater water temperature, i.e. and fresh water water temperature control is 11～14 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min the freshwater soaking time, wherein 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into fresh water soak by above-mentioned experimental group design, after soaking different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours for experiment, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3.Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze and Dalian Feng Yuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is 5% left and right of stichopus japonicus body weight, and takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus after stretching is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and body weight change situation, data are shown in table 3 below.
Experiment four
1, prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheets (every string has 6 net sheets), to adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, employing chlorine dioxide carries out disinfection, chlorine dioxide is added in each great Bai bucket and makes its dissolving with 5ppm, place after 24h the seawater that contains chlorine dioxide is outwelled, and repeatedly rinse well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 2.32 ± 0.03g, in each bucket, raises 45 stichopus japonicus, after supporting 7 days temporarily, starts experiment, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～22 DEG C, salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, the fresh water that is ready to fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance, the control of fresh water water temperature is consistent with nature seawater water temperature, i.e. and fresh water water temperature control is 14～22 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min the freshwater soaking time, wherein 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into fresh water soak by above-mentioned experimental group design, after soaking different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours for experiment, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3.Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze and Dalian Feng Yuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is 5% left and right of stichopus japonicus body weight, and takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus after stretching is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and body weight change situation, data are shown in table 4 below.
Experiment five
1, prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheets (every string has 6 net sheets), to adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, employing chlorine dioxide carries out disinfection, chlorine dioxide is added in each great Bai bucket and makes its dissolving with 5ppm, place after 24h the seawater that contains chlorine dioxide is outwelled, and repeatedly rinse well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 3.84 ± 0.12g, in each bucket, raises 40 stichopus japonicus, after supporting 7 days temporarily, starts experiment, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～20 DEG C, salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, the fresh water that is ready to fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance, the control of fresh water water temperature is consistent with nature seawater water temperature, i.e. and fresh water water temperature control is 14～20 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min the freshwater soaking time, wherein 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into fresh water soak by above-mentioned experimental group design, after soaking different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours for experiment, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3.Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze and Dalian Feng Yuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is 5% left and right of stichopus japonicus body weight, and takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus after stretching is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and body weight change situation, data are shown in table 5 below.
Experiment six
1, prepare 15 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 15 string net sheets (every string has 6 net sheets), to adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, employing chlorine dioxide carries out disinfection, chlorine dioxide is added in each great Bai bucket and makes its dissolving with 5ppm, place after 24h the seawater that contains chlorine dioxide is outwelled, and repeatedly rinse well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 4.22 ± 0.12g, in each bucket, raises 40 stichopus japonicus, after supporting 7 days temporarily, starts experiment, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～20 DEG C, salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, the fresh water that is ready to fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance, the control of fresh water water temperature is consistent with nature seawater water temperature, i.e. and fresh water water temperature control is 14～20 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min, 15min and 20min the freshwater soaking time, wherein 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into fresh water soak by above-mentioned experimental group design, after soaking different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours for experiment, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3.Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze and Dalian Feng Yuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is 5% left and right of stichopus japonicus body weight, and takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus after stretching is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and body weight change situation, data are shown in table 6 below.
Experiment seven
1, prepare 15 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 15 string net sheets (every string has 6 net sheets), to adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, employing chlorine dioxide carries out disinfection, chlorine dioxide is added in each great Bai bucket and makes its dissolving with 5ppm, place after 24h the seawater that contains chlorine dioxide is outwelled, and repeatedly rinse well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 10.57 ± 0.34g, in each bucket, raises 25 stichopus japonicus, after supporting 7 days temporarily, starts experiment, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～20 DEG C, salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, the fresh water that is ready to fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance, the control of fresh water water temperature is consistent with nature seawater water temperature, i.e. and fresh water water temperature control is 14～20 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min, 15min and 20min the freshwater soaking time, wherein 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into fresh water soak by above-mentioned experimental group design, after soaking different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours for experiment, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3.Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze and Dalian Feng Yuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is 5% left and right of stichopus japonicus body weight, and takes the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus after stretching is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and body weight change situation, data are shown in table 7 below.
According to following account form, the present invention is the several forms of the face that is determined as follows (in form, all data are the result that experiment sampling in 60 days is measured) of stichopus japonicus growth indexes and coelomic fluid immunological factor:
Growth indexes mainly comprises survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus, the relative weight gain rate and specific growth rate (SGR), and computing formula is: initial total quantity × 100% of quantity ÷ of survival rate=survive
The relative weight gain rate=(the initial body weight of end-body Chong –)/initial body weight × 100%
SGR (%/d)=100 × [lnW2 – lnW1]/T (W1: experiment minimum weight; W2: experiment finishes weight; T: duration of experiment).
14～22 DEG C of table 1, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 1.14 ± 0.39g stichopus japonicus
| ? | 0min | 10min | 20min | 30min |
| Initial body weight (g) | 1.14±0.39 | 1.14±0.39 | 1.14±0.39 | 1.14±0.39 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 110.96 | 156.7 | 135.55 | 101.66 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.26 | 1.66 | 1.53 | 1.20 |
| Survival rate (%) | 97.63 | 98.7 | 100 | 98.5 |
14～22 DEG C of table 2, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 1.44 ± 0.39g stichopus japonicus
| ? | 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min |
| Initial body weight (g) | 1.44±0.39 | 1.44±0.39 | 1.44±0.39 | 1.44±0.39 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 110.96 | 135.55 | 156.7 | 134.66 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.26 | 1.53 | 1.66 | 1.52 |
| Survival rate (%) | 97.63 | 98.7 | 100 | 98.5 |
11～14 DEG C of table 3, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 2.32 ± 0.03g stichopus japonicus
| ? | 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min |
| Initial body weight (g) | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 3.62 | –7.47 | –10.41 | –16.18 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 0.158 | –0.17 | –0.25 | –0.30 |
| Survival rate (%) | 89.5 | 75.2 | 73.4 | 69.5 |
14～22 DEG C of table 4, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 2.32 ± 0.03g stichopus japonicus
| ? | 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min |
| Initial body weight (g) | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 109.96 | 136.52 | 154.9 | 135.66 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.24 | 1.43 | 1.56 | 1.43 |
| Survival rate (%) | 97.33 | 98.67 | 100 | 98.7 |
14～20 DEG C of table 5, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 3.84 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus
| ? | 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min |
| Initial body weight (g) | 3.84±0.12 | 3.84±0.12 | 3.84±0.12 | 3.84±0.12 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 85.72 | 94.35 | 122.58 | 111.33 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.03 | 1.13 | 1.34 | 1.23 |
| Survival rate (%) | 96.5 | 97.6 | 98.7 | 98.5 |
14～20 DEG C of table 6, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 4.22 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus
14～20 DEG C of table 7, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 10.57 ± 0.34g stichopus japonicus stichopus japonicus
14～20 DEG C of table 8, water temperatures, after initial body weight 4.22 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking, body surface bacterial number is measured
The mensuration of stichopus japonicus coelomic fluid immunological factor of the present invention
The assay method of superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LSZ) adopts Nanjing to build up biological Co., Ltd testing cassete, and by specification method of testing is measured.
14～20 DEG C of table 9, water temperatures, initial body weight 4.22 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking posterior coelom liquid immunological factor is measured
Note: table 8 has significant difference (P<0.05), identical there was no significant difference (P>0.05) with the different representatives of numeral top letter of going together in table 9.
Draw to draw a conclusion according to above-mentioned contrast experiment and analysis of experimental data:
1, show according to table 3 and table 4 experimental data, stichopus japonicus is in the time of freshwater soaking, the suitable freshwater soaking time is 10min, water temperature is during lower than 14 DEG C of left and right, stichopus japonicus poor growth, freshwater soaking can not promote stichopus japonicus growth, can stimulate on the contrary stichopus japonicus to produce stress reaction, cause stichopus japonicus to tell intestines, affect stichopus japonicus growth.Therefore, the suitable temperature of freshwater soaking is controlled at more than 14 DEG C.
2, show according to table 1 data, stichopus japonicus is under suitable growth temperature, and the freshwater soaking time is no more than 20min; Show according to table 2, table 4, table 5, table 6 and table 7 experimental data, stichopus japonicus carries out freshwater soaking under suitable growth temperature, stichopus japonicus is divided into 1.0≤initial body weight≤4.0g and initial body weight > 4.0g according to initial body weight, the optimum freshwater soaking time is respectively 10min and 15min, thus the protection effect that can reach.
3, show according to table 6 and table 8 data, stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking under suitable growth temperature is described, the amount of vibrio significance of stichopus japonicus body surface reduces (p<0.05), amount of vibrio reduces approximately 50% compared with control group, total amount of bacteria of stichopus japonicus body surface is also greatly lower, reduces approximately 80% compared with control group.
4, show according to table 6 and table 9 data, stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking under suitable growth temperature is described, significantly improved the activity (p<0.05) of stichopus japonicus partial immunity index.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology for environmental protection, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the fresh water that immersion seed is used carries out dechlorination, oxygen dissolved and controls water temperature;
Step 2: choose body weight >=1.0g juvenile stichopus classification, after removal of contamination, be soaked in the fresh water that above-mentioned steps 1 obtains, and in immersion process to light Aeration in the water;
Step 3: treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is outwelled, add seawater inflation in corresponding culturing pool, recover 3～5min, treat that seed belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
2. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 1, dechlorination is for passing through the dechlorination of air pump aeration.
3. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 1, the oxygen dissolved of fresh water is more than 5mg/L.
4. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, soak seed fresh water temperature and be controlled at 14～22 DEG C, and seawater water temperature in fresh water water temperature culturing pool corresponding to seed is consistent in described step 1.
5. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the optimum water temperature of described immersion seed fresh water temperature is 15～20 DEG C.
6. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, be divided into following two-stage: 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, the initial body weight of 4.0g < according to the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus, and soak the different time according to classification.
7. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 10min at every turn; The initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is the initial body weight of 4.0g <, soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 15min at every turn.
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