CN104105991B - The Liar of the lens focused on five attached forward directions - Google Patents

Abstract

The optical system comprises five lenses, a front pupil, and a MEMS actuator that adjusts the position of the lens subset on the object side of the optical system to achieve focusing on the target object from near to infinity. The closest object-side, biconvex lens provides a large amount of system optical magnification for focusing on a target object as close as 10 cm from the aperture stop.

Description

Optical objective with five front-focusing lenses

Related Application Cross Reference

This application claim was filed on October 24, 2011, entitled "optical system with microelectromechanical system image focus actuator (optical system with microelectromechanical system image focus actuator)", U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/550,789 Interests. The entire contents of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The following relates generally to imaging optics, and more particularly to compact optical lens systems with microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuators attached, for focusing optical lens systems.

Background technique

With the development of optical manufacturing technology, optical devices and optical devices have been widely used. An interesting development in optical technology is the fabrication of microlenses and other optical components on the centimeter or micron scale or smaller. Micro-optics have made optical systems more compatible with smaller devices than traditional telescopes, microscopes, cameras, etc. compared to traditional optical components on the order of centimeters or larger.

Wafer-level optics is a mechanism that facilitates the fabrication of micro-optics. Wafer-level optics is a fabrication technology that enables the design and fabrication of optical components using techniques similar to semiconductor fabrication. The technique is generally scalable to different scales (eg, centimeters, microns, etc.). Furthermore, wafer-level optics can produce single-element and multi-element optical structures, resulting in precisely aligned lens element stacks. The end result of wafer-level optics provides cost-effective, miniaturized optical assemblies that can shrink the form factor of optical systems. These optical systems can be used in a wide range of small or miniature devices, including camera modules for mobile phones, surveillance equipment, mini cameras, and more.

Although wafer-level optics is a relatively new technology for manufacturing small optical components, some traditional manufacturing techniques are still applicable to small-scale optical manufacturing. For example, plastic manufacturing techniques, including injection molding, can be used to manufacture small-scale optical components. In addition, glass fabrication techniques have been adapted for miniaturized optical components that provide high-quality optical surfaces for small-scale devices.

In addition to optical components, the miniaturization of digital imaging sensors has also contributed to the continued shrinking of image capture and recording devices. Improvements in image sensors have provided high-resolution image detectors by taking advantage of micro-scale solid animation, as well as high signal-to-noise ratios and decreasing cost. Smaller, less expensive digital capture and recording devices with micro-optics such as wafer-level optics that match or exceed the capabilities of more expensive but very high-quality cameras using conventional optics from a decade ago system. Although the quality of modern micro-optics is very high, the zoom capability of miniaturized optical systems is still the limitation. The introduction of digital zoom was a solution that sacrificed optical resolution to enlarge the image. For high resolution sensors, this is often an adequate alternative to traditional visualization zoom capabilities. However, visual zooming offers advantages that digital zooming cannot achieve.

For example, the inventors of the disclosed technical subject matter suggest that it is desirable to have a miniature optical system with autofocus function. It is also desirable to have such an optical system for achieving close focus.

Contents of the invention

A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of the aspects. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all contemplated aspects, nor is it intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects, or to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Certain aspects of the subject disclosure provide a miniaturized optical system. In some aspects, the miniaturized optical system can include an injection molded optical system. In other aspects, the miniaturized optical system may be an auto-focus optical system with five optical components. In yet other aspects, the miniaturized optical system may be an auto-focus optical system that utilizes micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) actuators to achieve focusing of the optical system.

In one or more other aspects of the subject disclosure, provided is an optical system utilizing MEMS actuators to achieve close focus. In this aspect, close focus may include an object distance of substantially 10 cm. Additionally, according to other aspects, the optical system can be configured to achieve close focus and infinity focus by adjusting the positions of a subset of optical components in the optical system. In certain aspects, the subset of optical components can include a single optical component in the optical system. In at least one aspect, the single optical component can be the lens closest to the object imaged by the optical system along the optical axis of the optical system (referred to as the object-side lens). In this (or other) aspect, the MEMS actuator can be configured to displace an object-side lens of the optical system by a first distance configured to focus an object at infinity on on an image sensor associated with the optical system), and displaces the object-side lens by a second distance configured to focus a close object (eg, an object at substantially 10 cm from the object-side lens) on the image sensor.

According to one or more additional aspects, the autofocus optical systems disclosed herein can be configured to include an aperture stop. In certain aspects, the auto-focus optical system may include injection-molded plastic lenses, while in other aspects, the auto-focus optical system may include wafer-level optical lenses, glass lenses, or a suitable combination thereof. In another aspect, the aperture stop can be arranged on the object side of the object side lens of the optical system. In an alternative aspect, MEMS actuators can be configured to move a subset of the optical components of the optical system to focus on the object while still maintaining the aperture stop in a fixed position along the optical axis of the optical system. In another alternative, MEMS actuators may instead be configured to translate the subset of optical components and the aperture stop relative to the optical axis to focus the object.

According to yet other aspects, disclosed is an auto-focus optical system including a plurality of optical components. The plurality of optical components, in some such aspects, can include an object-side lens that provides substantial optical power to the optical system. In at least one aspect, the object-side lens may comprise substantially one-half or greater than one-half of the combined focal length of the optical system. In another aspect, the object-side lens may substantially comprise three quarters or more of the combined focal length of the optical system. In a particular aspect, the MEMS actuator is coupled to the object-side lens and configured to focus at a first distance (configured to focus on an object at infinity), and at a second distance (configured to focus on an object at infinity). configured to focus on an object close to the optical system) by shifting the object-side lens. According to a specific embodiment, the ratio of the focal length of the object-side lens to the combined focal length of the optical system may be a function of the difference between the first distance and the second distance along the optical axis of the optical system.

According to other aspects, the subject disclosure provides a micro-optics system including five optical lenses. In this aspect, the objective of the five optical lenses may be configured to supply positive diopters to all five optical lenses. In this aspect, the remaining four lenses have a combined net negative power. In at least one particular aspect, the remaining four lenses each have a negative power with a combined net negative power. According to an alternative or additional aspect, the third of the five optical lenses may have a convex object side and a concave image side. As yet another alternative or additional aspect, the distance between the fourth and fifth of the five optical lenses may be the largest distance between the lenses of the optical system. In another aspect, the micro-optical system can be an auto-focus system, in which five optical lens subsets can move along the optical axis to improve the focus of the optical system. In a particular aspect, a subset of the five optical lenses can comprise the objective lens, and this subset can be moved by MEMS actuators.

In another aspect of the subject disclosure, provided is a micro-optics system including five optical lenses. The five optical lenses may be arranged into a plurality of lens groups, each lens group comprising a subset of the five optical lenses. Each group includes a lens pitch equal to or smaller than the distance between the plurality of optical groups. In another aspect, each lens in at least one of the plurality of lens groups includes at least one optical surface having both a concave portion and a convex portion. In certain aspects, the micro-optic system changes the effective focal length in response to a change in position along the optical axis of the first of the five optical lenses, and in another or additional aspect, the micro-optic system moves along the optical axis of the first lens The optical axis of , responding to position changes while maintaining substantially the same back focal length.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter described, fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth certain illustrative aspects of one or more aspects in detail. These aspects are intended, however, to indicate only a few of the ways in which the principles of each aspect can be employed, and it is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 depicts a diagram of an example of an exemplary optical imaging system configured to focus on nearer objects, according to various aspects of the subject disclosure.

2 depicts a diagram of an example optical imaging system configured to focus on an object at substantially infinity, according to other disclosed aspects.

3 depicts a diagram of an exemplary optical imaging system including multiple injection molded optical components.

4 depicts a graphical representation of an example curvature of field versus distortion plot for an example optical imaging system focusing closer objects.

5 depicts a graphical representation of an example curvature of field versus distortion plot for the example optical imaging system of FIG. 4 focusing on an object at substantially infinity.

6 depicts an illustration of an example lateral chromatic aberration map for an example optical imaging system focusing a closer object, according to further aspects.

7 depicts an illustration of a lateral chromatic aberration diagram for an exemplary optical imaging system focusing an object at substantially infinity, according to other aspects.

FIG. 8 depicts an illustration of a lateral light fan diagram for the disclosed optical imaging system focusing an object at 10 cm.

FIG. 9 depicts a diagram of a lateral light fan diagram for the disclosed optical imaging system that focuses an object substantially at infinity.

10 depicts a cross-section of an example optical system for focusing an image of an object at 10 cm, according to aspects of the subject disclosure.

11 depicts a cross-section of an example optical system for focusing an image of an object at infinity, according to aspects of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 12 is an exemplary graph depicting curvature of field and distortion for an object at 10 cm, according to aspects of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 13 is an exemplary line diagram depicting field curvature and distortion for an object at infinity in other aspects of the subject disclosure.

Fig. 14 is an exemplary graph depicting the main lateral chromatic aberration for an object at 10 cm according to an aspect.

FIG. 15 depicts an exemplary graph of dominant lateral chromatic aberration for an object at infinity, according to one or more other aspects.

16 depicts an example lateral light fan diagram for various image heights for an object at 10 cm, according to yet other aspects.

FIG. 17 depicts an exemplary lateral light fan diagram for various image heights for an object at infinity, according to at least one other aspect.

FIG. 18 depicts a lateral light fan diagram for a field of view range for an exemplary micro-optic system according to additionally disclosed aspects.

FIG. 19 depicts an exemplary diagram of the micro-optical system shown in FIG. 18 including lenses and optical surfaces.

FIG. 20 is an exemplary graph depicting curvature of field and distortion for an object focused by the micro-optical system shown in FIG. 18 .

Figure 21 depicts an example graph of longitudinal aberration for a pupil radius of 0.90 cm in one aspect.

FIG. 22 depicts an exemplary diagram of lateral chromatic aberration for the disclosed micro-optical system according to additional aspects.

23 depicts a lateral light fan diagram for a range of field angles for a micro-optical system focused in the near field, according to disclosed aspects.

FIG. 24 depicts an example diagram of the micro-optical system shown in FIG. 23 including lenses and optical surfaces.

FIG. 25 is an illustration depicting field curvature and distortion for a near-field object focused by the micro-optical system shown in FIG. 23 .

26 depicts an example line graph of longitudinal aberration for a 0.90 cm pupil radius for the disclosed micro-optical system in one aspect.

FIG. 27 depicts an illustration of lateral chromatic aberration for the disclosed micro-optical system according to still other disclosed aspects.

28A, 28B, 28C, and 28D depict diagrams of exemplary micro-optical systems focused at infinity, and associated optical efficacy diagrams, according to further aspects.

Figures 29A, 29B, 29C, and 29D depict the micro-optical system of Figure 28 focused in the near field, and associated optical performance diagrams.

detailed description

The various aspects are now illustrated with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used throughout to refer to like elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It will be apparent, however, that such aspect(s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagrams to help illustrate one or more aspects.

In addition, it should be apparent that the teaching herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that specific structures or functions described herein are indicative only. Based on the teaching herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that a disclosed aspect may be implemented independently of other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, apparatus and/or methods may be implemented using any number of aspects mentioned herein. In addition, in addition to or different from one or more of the aspects presented herein, other structures may be used to implement the apparatus and/or practice the method. As an example, many of the devices and lens systems disclosed herein are described in the context of providing high resolution optical imaging via small fixed position optical lens arrangements. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that similar techniques can be applied to other optical lens architectures. For example, the lens arrangements used herein may be used in mechanical focus or autofocus systems whereby the optical arrangement is automatically or manually displaced relative to the image plane.

In at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, an optical imaging system is provided. The optical imaging system may include a first set of lenses and a second set of lenses. The imaging optical system can be focused by repositioning the first set of lenses relative to the second set of lenses along the optical axis of the optical imaging system. In at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, the second set of lenses includes an image sensor for an optical imaging system. In certain aspects of the subject disclosure, the first set of lenses can include a single lens. For example, a single lens may include an object side lens, which is an optical element near the object side of the optical imaging system.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of an exemplary optical system 100 according to aspects of the subject disclosure. System 100 includes an arrangement of optical elements 102 positioned transverse to an optical axis 104 . As utilized herein, an optical element refers to a single piece of refractive or reflective material that is at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation at least partially within the visible spectrum (eg, including wavelengths of about 400 to 700 nanometers [nm]). Examples of suitable materials include ground and polished glass, molded glass or glass formed by repeated molding processes, wafer level optics (WLO), injection molded plastics, etched micro optics formed on optical substrates, or something like that. Additionally, the optical element will have at least one refractive or reflective surface. One example of an optical element utilized herein is an optical lens. An optical lens is an optical element comprising two opposing refractive surfaces, and an edge between the opposing surfaces, the edge defining the outer diameter (for circular lenses) or perimeter of the lens, and the lens edge thickness. A typical arrangement of optical lenses includes a series of lenses 102 at least substantially transverse to an axis (optical axis 104). However, it should be appreciated that there may be other possible arrangements consistent with the subject disclosure. A "lens element" is defined herein as (A) a single lens element that is so spaced apart from any adjacent lens elements that the separation cannot be neglected to form the characteristics of the respective lens elements when computing an image, or (B) two one or more lens elements having adjacent lens surfaces in full integral contact, or so close to each other that any spacing between adjacent lens surfaces is so small that the spacing is negligible when computing an image , forming the properties of these two or more lens elements. Thus, some lens elements may also be lens components, and the terms "lens element" and "lens component" are not mutually exclusive. Additionally, it should be understood that the term "optical component" is used herein to refer to a superset of items having properties important to imaging optics, and includes optical elements such as lens elements and lens assemblies, and includes but Various optical blockers that are not limited to aperture stops, but can also include various other items such as films, bandpass filters, low or high pass filters, polarizing filters, mirrors, etc.

Light entering the left side of the optical element 102 , the object side, may sequentially interact with the respective element ( 102 ) and exit the right side, or image side, of the element 102 toward the optical sensor 106 . It should be understood that not all light interacting with the left side of the optical element 102 will be transmitted to the sensor 106; some light may be reflected by the respective element (102), and some light may be scattered away from the optical axis 104 and absorbed (for example, absorbed by an unillustrated optical blocker) and the like. In general, however, optical element 102 will receive light from an object on one side of the element (eg, the left side) and form a real image of the object on the other side of the element (eg, the right side). The real image will be formed at a specific distance from the optical element 102 along the optical axis 104, which is called the image distance (ID). It is worth noting that the ID mainly depends on the corresponding object distance (OD—the distance between the object and the optical element 102 along the optical axis 104 ), and the diopter (or optical power) of the combined optical element 102 .

The sensor 106 may be a digital device including a photosensor, or a multi-dimensional array of pixels (eg, a two-dimensional array). Embodiments of this device may include a photocoupler (CCD) array, or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) array, or some other suitable array of optical sensors. Each photosensor, or pixel, of the array is configured to output an electrical signal when illuminated by light. Furthermore, the current amount of the electrical signal is directly related to the energy density of the light-irradiated pixel. Thus, by collecting output current levels from each pixel of the array, the sensor 106 can digitally reproduce the two-dimensional radiant energy pattern of the light hitting the sensor 106 . In addition, when the pixel surface or sensor plane of the sensor 106 is placed on the above-mentioned ID, the generated two-dimensional radiant energy pattern is the two-dimensional radiant energy pattern of the real optical image generated by the optical element 102 . Thus, the sensor 106 can be used to digitally reproduce that image. The resolution of the digital image produced by the sensor 106 depends on the number of pixels in the active array of the sensor 106 . In addition, the optical system 100 may include a cover plate 108 between the optical element 102 and the image sensor 106 , as shown in FIG. 1 .

As shown in the optical system 100 , the optical element 102 may include five optical lenses, including lens L1 , lens L2 , lens L3 , lens L4 and lens L5 from the object side of the optical element 102 to the image side of the optical element 102 . As shown in the figure, lens L1 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power, with convex object-side and convex image-side surfaces, R1 and R2, respectively. In addition, lens L1 may have a stronger positive optical power than lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. In at least one aspect, lens L1 may have a stronger positive optical power than the combination of lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. In a specific aspect, lens L1 can provide a combined focal length that is at least about one-half or greater than that of optical element 102 . In alternative aspects, lens L1 may substantially provide a combined focal length that is at least about three quarters or greater of optical element 102 . In a related aspect, the optical magnification (L1 _power ) of the object-side lens may be about 1.25x the combined optical magnification of the optical element 102 (for example, L1 _power≤1.25 *(L1 _power +L2 _power +L3 _power +L4 _power +L5 _power )). In a specific aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be placed on the object side of the lens L1 or in front of it. The aperture stop A1 will be described in detail below.

Lens L2 may have an overall negative optical power. In addition, the lens L2 may have a slightly concave object side surface R3 in an aspect. In another aspect, the object side R3 can be flat and have no optical power. As shown in yet another alternative aspect, the object side R3 may be slightly convex. The image side of lens L2 may have a concave curvature. Furthermore, lens L2 may be configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for optical system 100 . In at least one aspect, lens L2 can provide most of the chromatic aberration correction for optical system 100 .

Lens L3 includes object side R5 and image side R6. Object side R5 may be dimpled in certain aspects. Also, the image side R6 may be convex. In a specific aspect, lens L3 may have positive optical power.

Lens L4 includes object side R7 and image side R8. Object side R7 may have a convex curvature near optical axis 104 . Moreover, in at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, the object side surface R7 can further turn into a concave surface from the optical axis 104 . Also, the image side R8 may be substantially flat, with little or no optical power near the optical axis 104 , and turn into a convex curvature away from the optical axis 104 . In an alternative aspect, the image side R8 can be convex near the optical axis 104 , have significant optical power for low and medium field angles, and be convex away from the optical axis 104 . In a particular aspect, lens L4 can have positive power for low field angles (eg, field angles between zero and about 12-15 degrees). In another aspect, lens L4 can have small positive, small negative, or substantially zero optical power for intermediate field angles (e.g., field angles between about 12-15 degrees and about 22-25 degrees) . In yet another aspect, lens L4 is available for high field angles (e.g., field angles between about 22 to 25 degrees and about 33 and higher, up to the maximum accepted field angle of optical system 100). Optical power of small positive, small negative, or substantially zero.

Lens L5 includes object side R9 and image side R10. Object side R9 may have a concave curvature for low and medium field angles. In at least one aspect, the object side surface R9 can be turned into a dimple or no curvature for high field angles. The image side R10 may be concave near the optical axis 104 . Moreover, the image side R10 can be converted from concave to convex for medium and high field of view, as shown in the figure.

As shown, optical element 102 may have respective spaces (eg, air gaps) between respective lenses L1 , L2 , L3 , L4 , and L5 . In at least one disclosed embodiment, the first on-axis distance between lenses L1 and L2 can be substantially smaller than the third on-axis distance between lenses L3 and L4. In another embodiment, compared to a second on-axis distance between lenses L2 and L3, a fourth on-axis distance between lenses L4 and L5, and additionally a third on-axis distance, The distance on the first axis may be substantially smaller. In at least one embodiment, the second, third, and fourth on-axis distances can be substantially similar in magnitude, at least in comparison to the first on-axis distance. In other embodiments, these correlations do not have to exist among the distances on the first, second, third and fourth axes. For example, instead there may be a relationship between distances in the first, second, third and fourth axes.

In at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, at least a MEMS actuator can be coupled to lens L1. A MEMS actuator can be configured along the optical axis 104 to reposition lens L1 to focus objects at different object distances. As shown in one embodiment, the MEMS actuator can change the first distance between the lens L1 and the lens L2 to focus objects at different object distances. In at least one aspect, the MEMS actuator can place lens L1 at a distance of _{10 cm} 110 from lens L2D to focus an image of an object 10 centimeters (cm) from the position of aperture stop A1 on optical axis 104 on the sensor. on the detector 106.

According to another aspect, the aperture stop A1 may be fixed relative to the optical axis 104 . In another aspect, aperture stop A1 may be fixed relative to the position of lens L1. In the latter aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be moved by the MEMS actuator together with the lens L1 when the target image is focused. According to still other aspects, MEMS actuators, alone or in conjunction with aperture stop A1 , can be configured to move lens L1 along optical axis 104 a total distance. In a specific aspect, this total distance can focus at one end an image of an object at infinity and at the other end an image of an object substantially 10 cm from aperture stop A11. As used herein, an object at infinity includes a flat-axis approximation known in the art of optical imaging technology. In general terms, the flat axis approximation is with respect to an object at a distance such that an angle subtending a first ray of light parallel to the optical axis 104 and a second ray of light are substantially zero degrees, said first ray of light being substantially zero degrees. Two light rays originate from the point on the object farthest from the optical axis and pass through the optical axis 104 . In yet another aspect, lens L1 can have a focal length that is at least in part a function of the magnitude of the total distance. In yet other aspects, the ratio of the focal length of lens L1 to the combined focal length of optical element 102 may be at least in part a function of the magnitude of the total distance.

Since the real image is electronically reproduced by the pixel array of sensor 106, data generated by sensor 106 (and other sensors disclosed herein) in the form of electrical signals can be stored in memory, projected to a Displays for viewing (for example, digital display screens), editing with software, etc. Accordingly, at least one application of the optical system 100 is in conjunction with a digital camera or video camera that includes a digital display. Furthermore, the optical system 100 and other optical systems included in the subject disclosure can be realized together with a camera module of an electronic device. Such an electronic device may include a wide variety of consumer, commercial or industrial devices. Examples include electronic devices including mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, laptops, PDAs, computer monitors, televisions, flat panel televisions, etc., including business equipment (e.g., ATM cameras, bank teller windows camera, convenience store camera, warehouse camera, etc.), personal surveillance equipment (e.g., pen camera, eyeglass camera, button camera, etc.), or industrial surveillance equipment (e.g., airport camera, freight yard camera, railway Station cameras, etc.) monitoring or monitoring equipment. For example, in a consumer electronics device, because optical system 100 may include optical components having physical dimensions on the order of centimeters or less, and because at least some of optical elements 102 may have fixed positions, system 100 and other disclosed systems are very Suitable for all kinds of mini or micro camera modules. It is to be understood, however, that the disclosed system is not limited to this particular application; rather, other applications known to those of ordinary skill in the art or from the teachings herein are encompassed within the scope of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts a diagram illustrating an optical imaging system 200 in accordance with further aspects of the present subject disclosure. Optical imaging system 200 may include a set of optical elements 202 arranged transverse to an optical axis 204 . Furthermore, the optical element 202 may be configured to focus an image on the image plane 206 of an object located substantially at infinity from the aperture stop A1 of the imaging optical system 200 . In at least one aspect, optical element 202 can be substantially similar to optical element 102 of FIG. 1 , the difference being a first distance between lens L1 and lens L2 as described above. In particular, the first distance may be a distance D _INFINITY 210 configured to focus the target object located substantially at infinity in the optical imaging system 200 . Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1 , aperture stop A1 may in one aspect be fixed in place relative to optical axis 204 as described above. In an alternative aspect, aperture stop A1 may be fixed in position relative to lens L1 and move along optical axis 204 with lens L2.

It should be appreciated that surfaces R1 - R10 of lenses L1 - L5 of optical elements 102 and 202 (as well as other optical surfaces described throughout the subject disclosure) may have different shapes. In one aspect, one or more surfaces may be spherical. In other aspects, one or more surfaces may be conical surfaces. In yet other aspects, one or more surfaces may be aspheric according to an appropriate aspheric equation, such as the uniform aspheric equation:

Where z is the radial distance Y from the optical axis to the tangent plane of the apex of the aspheric surface, the vertical height (sag height) of the line drawn from a point on the surface of the aspheric lens (in mm), and C is the aspheric surface on the optical axis The curvature of the surface of the shaped lens, Y is the radial distance from the optical axis (in mm), K is the conic constant, and A _i is the i-th aspheric coefficient, and the number of items in the sum is an even number i. However, these aspects are not to be inferred as limiting the scope of the subject disclosure. Instead, the various surfaces can be aspheric in odd shapes, or aspheric in equations with even and odd coefficients.

Following on from the foregoing, it should be appreciated that the lenses of optical elements 102 and 202 (as well as the optical lenses of various other optical systems provided throughout the subject disclosure) can be made of a variety of suitable transparent materials, and can be made of a wide variety of transparent materials depending on the optical quality used to produce the optical quality surface. Various appropriate procedures are established. In one aspect, the lenses L1-L5 can be ground and polished glass, wherein the refractive index of the selected glass makes the combined lenses L1-L5 produce a desired effective focal length. In another aspect, the lens may be an optical quality injection molded plastic (or an optical quality plastic formed by another suitable method), wherein the plastic has a suitable refractive index to provide a desired effective focal length. In at least one other aspect, lenses L1-L5 may be etched from transparent glass, crystal, or other suitable structures ( For example, silicon dioxide – _SiO2 wafer). In a specific aspect, optical element 102 and optical element 202 may be described according to the optical prescriptions in Tables 1-9 below.

Effective focal length (in air, at system temperature and pressure) 4.131396 Effective focal length (image space) 4.131396 Back focus 0.349633 Total Track Length (TTL) 5.49089 Image Space F/# 2.293412 Parallel axis work F/# 2.44 Work F/# 2.857105 Image space NA 0.1752143 Target space NA 0.008991 Aperture radius 0.90071 Horizontal axis image height 2.956 Horizontal axis magnification -0.04388 Entrance pupil diameter 1.801419 Entrance pupil position 0.18 Exit Pupil Diameter 1.236574 Exit Pupil Position -3.03634 Maximum Radial Field 2.956 lens unit cm (mm) Angular magnification 1.183246

Table 1: General Optical Properties

1 0 0 1 2 0 0.571 1 3 0 1.142 1 4 0 1.714 1 5 0 2.285 1 6 0 2.57 1 7 0 2.856 0.2 8 0 2.956 0.2

Table 2: Image field type vs. real image height (in mm)

1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 -0.04364 0.000234 0.043642 0 6 0 -0.081 0.001432 0.081006 0 7 0 -0.1227 0.004184 0.122713 0 8 0 -0.13916 0.006035 0.139171 0

Table 3: Vignetting factors of the image field in Table 2

1 0.47 91 2 0.51 503 3 0.555 1000 4 0.61 503 5 0.65 107

Table 4: Wavelengths used for ray tracing

Table 5: Summary of surface data

Table 6: Surface Aspheric Coefficients

Table 7: Edge Thickness Information

Table 8: Refractive Index Data

Table 9: Focal ratio (F/Number) information

Table 9A: Focal ratio data (continued)

Table 1 provides general optical information for specific embodiments of optical imaging systems 100 and 200 . Table 2 provides the image height along the y-axis measured by the image sensor 106 or the image sensor 206 for eight different light fields, and provides the weights of the respective image fields. Table 3 includes vignetting data for the eight image fields indicated in Table 2. Table 4 describes the wavelengths of the respective rays tracked in the optical imaging systems 100 and 200 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 . Table 5 provides a summary of general optical surface properties for optic 102 and optic 202, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic classes), diameter, conic constant, and relation to vignetting remarks. Table 6 illustrates the uniform aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of Table 5, while Table 7 provides edge thickness information for those surfaces. Table 8 provides refractive index data for various wavelengths for the light fields shown in Table 2. Tables 9 and 9A provide F/# data for those same wavelengths and light fields.

FIG. 3 depicts a diagram illustrating an injection molded plastic optical system 300 (also referred to as system 300 ), according to further aspects of the subject disclosure. System 300 may be formed from a plurality of injection molded plastic components. In a specific embodiment, two or more lenses L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 can be formed from a single mold. In other embodiments, respective lenses may be formed from separate molds and assembled as shown after molding. In other aspects, the lenses L1 , L2 , L3 , L4 and L5 can be formed by another optical manufacturing technology such as wafer-level optical manufacturing. In at least one disclosed aspect, system 300 may be substantially similar to optical imaging system 100 . In another aspect, system 300 may be substantially similar to optical imaging system 200 . According to still other aspects, system 300 may include MEMS hardware configured to displace lens L1 along optical axis 302 to achieve focus at image plane 304 of system 300 . In certain embodiments, system 300 may include lens surfaces R1 and R2 of lens L1, surfaces R3 and R4 of lens L2, surfaces R5 and R6 of lens L3, surfaces R7 and R8 of lens L4, and surface R9 of lens L5. and R10, which are substantially similar to surfaces R1 to R10 shown in FIG. 1, as described above.

FIG. 4 depicts a diagram of curvature of field and F-Tan(Theta) Distortion (hereinafter referred to as distortion) for an optical imaging system as described herein. In particular, FIG. 4 depicts curvature of field and distortion for a 10 cm object distance, which may be consistent with optical imaging system 100 of FIG. 1 , as described above. The curvature of field and distortion plot utilizes five wavelengths of 0.470, 0.510, 0.555, 0.610, and 0.650 μm and has a maximum field of view of 33.391 degrees. The line graph on the left hand side depicts the curvature of field in centimeters along the y-axis of the image plane of the imaging optics. Field curvature data are depicted for Sagittal rays ('S' in Figure 4) and Tangential rays (depicted as 'T' in Figure 4). It is clear from the line diagram that the curvature of field has the smallest sagittal ray for most of the image plane, and that the tangential ray of field curvature for most of the image plane falls within a few microns and is at the outer edge of the image plane is a few microns (high y-values).

The distortion plot on the right hand side also includes curves for the five wavelengths mentioned above. Distortion data is normalized to 0% about the optical axis. Distortion is less than about 1.5 percent across the image plane, and less than one percent for low field angles.

Figure 5 is a diagram depicting curvature of field and distortion for an optical imaging system focusing an object at infinity. Accordingly, the line diagram of FIG. 5 may be consistent with the optical imaging system 200 of FIG. 2, as described above. The curvature of field and distortion plots in Figure 5 are for a maximum field of view of 34.897 degrees, using wavelengths similar to the plots in Figure 4. Field curvature includes lines for sagittal rays (S) at the indicated wavelengths, and also for transverse rays (T) at those wavelengths. As shown, the curvature of field for an in-focus object at 10 cm falls within about +/- 50 microns.

Distortion changes slightly more at infinity than the 10cm line graph in Figure 4. On the optical axis, the distortion is again normalized to 0%. Distortion ranges from about 0.5% at mid-field angles to about -1.5% at the edges of the image plane. Total distortion is about 2% across all field angles.

FIG. 6 depicts a line diagram of dominant lateral chromatic aberration for an optical imaging system as described herein. In particular, the principal lateral chromatic aberration diagram of FIG. 6 is for an in-focus object at an object distance of 10 cm, and thus may be consistent with the optical imaging system 100 of FIG. 1 , as described above. The primary lateral color map has a maximum field of view of 2.9560mm and a wavelength range between 0.4700 and 0.6500μm. As shown, the lateral chromatic aberration variation falls well within 0.5 microns for small field angles, varies to just over -1 micron for medium field angles, and becomes as large as about -1.5 microns for higher field angles. For the image plane, the overall distortion is maintained at less than 2 microns.

Figure 7 is a line diagram depicting the dominant lateral chromatic aberration for an object in focus at infinity. Accordingly, FIG. 7 may correspond to the optical imaging system 200 of FIG. 2, as described above. Similar to Figure 6, the maximum field of view at wavelengths between 0.4700 and 0.6500 μm is 2.9560 mm. The primary lateral chromatic aberration is maintained at or below about 1.5 microns for low and medium field of view. Primary lateral chromatic aberration exceeds 0.5 microns only at wide field angles, peaking at just over about 2 microns at the edges of the image plane.

Figure 8 depicts a number of transverse light fan diagrams at the image plane for the optical imaging system described herein. In particular, the transverse fan diagram of FIG. 8 is consistent with an in-focus object at an object distance of 10 cm, and thus can be consistent with the optical imaging system 100 of FIG. 1 , as described above. The lateral light fan diagram depicts the lateral ray error (e _y ) along the vertical axis, and the pupil diameter (P _y ) along the horizontal axis for various image heights. Flatter plots indicate best performance and smallest errors, while larger deviations along the vertical axis indicate larger lateral ray errors. As shown in Figure 8, the transverse ray error is smallest near the optical axis (small image height) and generally increases with image height. The grades range from +25 microns to -25 microns along the x and y axes, respectively. The lateral light fan diagram includes wavelengths between 0.470 and 0.650 wavelengths.

FIG. 9 depicts a number of lateral light fan diagrams for an object in focus at infinity, and thus may be consistent with optical imaging system 200 of FIG. 2 , as described above. Similar to Figure 8, these plots exhibit minimal error near the optical axis, and generally small errors for small pupil diameters for all field angles. Lateral ray error increases at higher field angles and especially at higher pupil diameters. In general, the lateral ray error for an object at infinity is smaller than that for an object at 10 cm.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 10 depicts a cross-sectional view of an optical system 1000 comprising an arrangement of optical elements 1002 arranged in a symmetrical manner with respect to an optical axis 1004 for an object at 10 cm. Light entering the left side of the optical element 1002 , the object side, can interact with the respective elements 1002 sequentially, and exit the right side of the element 1002 , or the image side, toward the image sensor 1006 . The real image will be formed at a specific distance from the optical element 1002 along the optical axis 1004, which is called the image distance (ID). It is worth noting that the ID mainly depends on the corresponding object distance (OD—the distance between the object and the optical element 1002 along the optical axis 1004 ), and the diopter (or optical power) of the combined optical element 102 .

The sensor 1006 may be a digital device including a multi-dimensional array of photosensors (eg, a two-dimensional array), or pixels, which may include a CCD array, a CMOS array, or the like. The resolution of the digital image produced by the sensor 1006 depends on the number of pixels in the sensor planar array 1008, which in turn depends on the pixel area and the total array area. Thus, for example, a 0.4 cm square sensor array may contain as many as 8.1 million pixels (Mp) for relatively square pixels of approximately 1.4 microns on each side (1.96 square microns). In other words, this sensor will have a resolution of about 8Mp. Since the real image is electronically reproduced by the pixel array, the data generated by the sensor 1006 in the form of electrical signals can be stored in memory, projected to a display for viewing (such as a digital display screen), edited with software, etc. .

It should be appreciated that the optical imaging arrangement 1000 shown in FIG. 10 (as well as other optical imaging systems disclosed herein) is not intentionally drawn to scale. For example, the thickness, position and height of the lens may not be properly scaled to the actual size when drawing. Rather, the purpose of arrangement 1002 is to provide visual content of the imaging system to conceptually aid in understanding other aspects disclosed herein.

The optical system 1000 includes a first lens L1 , a second lens L2 , a third lens L3 , a fourth lens L4 , and a fifth lens L5 centered on the optical axis 104 . Lenses are numbered from the object side to the image side. Therefore, lens L1 is closest to the object, and lens L5 is closest to the image. Aperture A1 can be embedded in lens L1, or can be physically fixed on L1. Therefore, in this particular embodiment, aperture A1 does not move relative to lens L1. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, aperture A1 may have a depth of 50 μm.

The lenses L1 to L5 each have two opposite refractive surfaces. The radius of curvature of each surface is marked with the letter "R" first, followed by the surface number, and the object side of lens L1 is the first. Therefore, the surface from the object side to the image side is the object side R1 and the image side R2 of the lens L1, the object side R3 and the image side R4 of the lens L2, the object side R5 and the image side R6 of the lens L3, and the object side of the lens L4 R7 and image side R8, and object side R9 and image side R10 of lens L5. The respective surface identification codes (R1, R2, R3, . . . , R10) are also used to indicate the radius of curvature of the respective surfaces. In addition, the refractive index _ni represents the refractive index of the lens medium associated with the i-th surface, and v_di is the Abbe number of the lens medium associated with the i-th surface.

Lens L1 may have a large positive diopter, both optical surfaces R1 and R2 of which are convex. As used herein, the term larger or smaller diopters (whether positive or negative) is intended relative to other lenses of a particular optical system. Therefore, for example, when the lens L1 is said to have a large positive diopter, it implies that the positive diopter of the lens L1 is greater than the average positive diopter compared with other positive power lenses of the optical system 1000 . Conversely, a lens in optical system 1000 having a small positive power has a positive power that is less than the average positive power.

In one embodiment, L1 is movable relative to lenses L2 - L5 and sensor plane 1008 . Movement may be accomplished using MEMS or other suitable actuators. In this embodiment, L2 to L5 remain fixed relative to the image sensor plane 1008 and the image sensor 1006 . In some aspects of the present disclosure, the range of movement of L1 is around 100 μm. Movement of L1 allows the optical system 1000 to maintain focus on objects at various distances. In FIG. 10, the optical system 1000 focuses on an object at a distance of 10 cm from the optical system. In FIG. 2, optical system 1100 focuses on an object at optical infinity.

In certain embodiments, there is an inverse relationship between the diopter of L1 and the range of movement required to focus on objects at various distances. The L1 with its higher focal power requires a shorter range of travel to focus on objects at various distances and vice versa. According to some aspects of the present disclosure, the axial gap or distance between the lenses L1 and L2 on the optical axis is around 125 μm, and the gap at the clear aperture is about 170 μm.

L2 may have a meniscus shape (thinner thickness near the optical axis than away from the optical axis), wherein optical surface R3 is convex and optical surface R4 is concave. In some aspects of the present disclosure, lens L2 provides most of the chromatic aberration correction for optical system 1000 and has negative diopters. Lens L3 may be biconvex near optical axis 1004 because optical surface R5 is convex near optical axis 1004 and concave away from optical axis 1004, and image-side optical surface R6 is convex. According to some aspects of the present disclosure, lens L3 may have a positive diopter. In certain embodiments, L2 may be mounted to L3 such that L2 is fixed to L3 and L2 does not touch the optical barrel arranging lenses L1 to L5 of optical system 1000 along optical axis 1004 .

The lens L4 has a concave object-side optical surface R7, and a convex image-side optical surface R8. Lens L5 may be in the shape of a meniscus having a convex optical surface R9 near optical axis 1004 and a concave optical surface R10 near optical axis 104 .

It should be appreciated that surfaces R1-R10 (and other optical surfaces described throughout the subject disclosure, including the optical surfaces of system 200) may have various shapes. In one aspect, one or more surfaces may be spherical. In other aspects, one or more surfaces may be conical surfaces. In yet other aspects, one or more surfaces may be aspheric according to an appropriate aspheric equation, such as the uniform aspheric equation:

Where z is the vertical height (sag height) of the drawing line from a point on the surface of the aspheric lens at the radial distance Y from the optical axis to the tangent plane of the apex of the aspheric surface (unit is mm), and C is the surface of the aspheric lens on the optical axis The curvature of , Y is the radial distance from the optical axis (in mm), K is the conic constant, and A _i is the i-th aspheric coefficient, and the number of items in the sum is an even number i. However, these aspects are not to be inferred as limiting the scope of the subject disclosure. Instead, the various surfaces can be aspheric in odd shapes, or aspheric in equations with even and odd coefficients.

Following on from the above, it should be appreciated that lenses L1-L5 of optical system 1000 (and the optical lenses of optical system 1000) may be made of various suitable types of transparent materials, formed according to various suitable procedures for producing optical quality surfaces. In one aspect, the lenses L1-L5 can be ground and polished glass, wherein the refractive index of the selected glass makes the combined lenses L1-L5 produce a desired effective focal length. In another aspect, the lens may be an optical quality injection molded plastic (or an optical quality plastic formed by another suitable method), wherein the plastic has a suitable refractive index to provide a desired effective focal length. In at least one other aspect, lenses L1-L5 may be etched from transparent glass, crystal, or other suitable structures ( For example, silicon dioxide – _SiO2 wafer).

According to various aspects, lenses L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 can be made of plastic (for example, APL5014, OKP4HT, or ZE-330R or another suitable plastic with similar refractive index and Abbe number, or its suitable combination). In a particular aspect, lenses LI, L3, and L5 are made of one plastic (eg, APL5014), while lenses L2 and L4 are made of a different plastic (eg, OKP4HT and ZE-330R, respectively). However, it should be understood that in other aspects, the lens can be other materials having a similar Abbe number or refractive index.

Turning now to FIG. 11 , there is shown a cross-section of an example optical system focused at infinity, according to aspects of the subject disclosure. Optical system 1100 of FIG. 11 is similar to optical system 100, but with respect to 10 cm, optical system 1100 is focused on an object at infinity. The difference between optical system 1100 and optical system 1000 is that L1 is placed at a different distance from sensor 1106 relative to lenses L2-L5.

According to a particular aspect of the subject disclosure, prescriptions are provided below in Tables 10-13 for respective lenses Ll, L2, L3, L4, and L5. Table 10 lists the general lens information for the respective lenses, and Table 11 lists the surface information, including the radius of curvature (R) (in mm) near the optical axis, the distance between the surfaces, the diameter of the respective lenses, and the diameter of the respective lenses s material. Furthermore, as mentioned above, Table 12 provides the aspheric constants A _i of i=2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 in the equation (1) for the aspheric surface of Table 11, where the index "i" is represented by "r" (eg, as may be generated by the optical design software program ZEMAX provided by ZEMAX Development Corporation). Table 13 provides the refractive index ni of the _i -th lens for a set of wavelengths. Table 14 provides a comparison of image field extent and image height, Table 15 provides vignetting information for optical systems 1000 and 1100, Table 16 provides wavelengths and weights for ray tracing in Figures 10 and 11, and Table 17 provides optical systems 1000 and 1100 provides surface information including radius, thickness, material, diameter, and conic constants. Additionally, Table 18 provides edge thickness information for optical systems 1000 and 1100 .

Table 10: General Characteristics of Optical Systems 1000 and 1100

(Optical properties defined in the optical design software Zemax)

Table 11: Surface data of lens elements of optical systems 1000 and 1100

Table 11: Continued

Table 12: Aspheric Coefficients for Optical Systems 1000 and 1100

Table 13: Refractive Indices of Optical Systems 1000 and 1100

1 0 0 1 2 0 0.571 1 3 0 1.142 1 4 0 1.714 1 5 0 2.285 1 6 0 2.57 1 7 0 2.856 1

Table 14: Image field type vs. real image height (in mm)

Table 15: Vignetting factors of the image field in Table 2

1 0.47 91 2 0.51 503 3 0.555 1000 4 0.61 503 5 0.65 107

Table 16: Wavelengths used for ray tracing

Table 17: Summary of surface data

aperture 0.05 2 0.000726 3 0.315728 4 0.189805 5 0.491449 6 0.078721 7 0.308446 8 0.214072 9 0.303193 10 0.428579 11 1.31122 12 0.662695 13 0.3 14 0.4913 image 0

Table 18: Edge Thickness Information

FIG. 12 is a line diagram depicting curvature of field versus distortion for optical configuration 1002 . Also shown are values for field curvature and distortion for a number of wavelengths ranging from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. For low field angles, field curvature is within about 10 microns for these wavelengths, and field curvature is even less than 100 microns at the periphery of the image plane. Also, the distortion is well within the 2% and -2% range. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that aberrations are exactly compensated by the subject optical arrangement 1002 .

FIG. 13 is a line diagram depicting curvature of field versus distortion for optical configuration 1102 . Also shown are values for field curvature and distortion for a number of wavelengths ranging from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. Field curvature is well within +/-100 microns, and distortion is well within 2% and -2%. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that aberrations are exactly compensated by the subject optical arrangement 1102 .

FIG. 14 depicts a diagram of lateral chromatic aberration for an optical arrangement 1002 . The maximum field of view of the line graph is 2.8560mm. In addition, the wavelength range of the lateral chromatic aberration curve is from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. The dominant lateral chromatic aberration of an object in focus at 10cm is about -3.5μm, as shown in the line graph.

Figure 15 depicts a line diagram of lateral chromatic aberration of the optical arrangement 1102 for an object in focus at infinity. The maximum field of view of the line graph is 2.8560mm. In addition, the wavelength range of the lateral chromatic aberration curve is from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. The dominant lateral chromatic aberration of an object in focus at infinity is approximately +0.8 microns.

16 and 17 depict transverse light fan diagrams for optical arrangements 1002 and 1102, respectively. Transverse Fan Diagram The transverse fan diagram (e _y and e _x ) along the y and x axes is described for pupil diameters P _y and P _x . The image heights for making horizontal light fan diagrams are 0.000mm (1600 and 1700), 0.5710mm (1602 and 1702), 1.1420mm (1604 and 1704), 1.7140mm (1606 and 1706), 2.2850mm (1608 and 1708), 2.5700 mm (1610 and 1710), and 2.8560mm (1612 and 1712). The plotting is generally within the acceptable range of optical imaging, therefore, the optical arrangements 1002 and 1102 have good imaging quality.

FIG. 18 depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary ray plot for an optical system 1800 according to alternative aspects of the subject disclosure. System 1800 includes an arrangement of optical elements 1802 . The light ray is shown intersecting optical element 1802 within the field of view of optical system 1800 . On-axis rays are focused on the optical axis of the optical element 1802's associated image plane, or focal plane, and rays originating at larger field angles are drawn as if converging at greater distances from the image plane optical axis.

The leftmost side of optical element 1802 is the object side of optical system 1800 , and the rightmost side of optical element 1802 is the image side of optical system 1800 . A real image of the object is formed at the image plane of the optical element 1802 when the optical element 1802 is properly in focus. In at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, optical system 1800 can include a variable focus optical system in which a subset of optical elements 1802 can move along an optical axis to bring an image of an object into focus at an image plane. In certain aspects, a set of positions for the subset of optical elements 1802 may coincide with a set of object distances at which the respective images are in focus at the image plane. In other words, when a subset of optical elements 1802 is positioned at one of the set of positions, an object at a corresponding one of the set of object distances will be in focus at the image plane. As shown below, the positions of the optical elements 1802 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 describe exemplary arrangements in which the optical elements of the system 1800 are positioned to focus an object located at infinity on the image plane. As shown below, the positions of the optical elements 1802 shown in FIGS. 23 and 24 describe exemplary arrangements in which the optical elements are located at a location to focus near-field objects on the image plane.

FIG. 19 depicts a diagram of an exemplary optical system 1900 including optical elements and optical surfaces in accordance with additional aspects of the subject disclosure. Optical system 1900 may be substantially similar to optical system 1800 . As shown, optical system 1900 is configured to focus an image of an object located in the far field (eg, at infinity).

Optical system 1900 may include a set of optical elements 1902 centered along an optical axis 1904 . Optical element 1902 may be configured to focus an image that may be captured by sensor 1908 . The sensor 1908 may include a multi-dimensional array of photosensitive pixels disposed at the sensor 1908 image plane. The photosensitive pixels may output electrical signals in response to electromagnetic energy (eg, light) focused by optical element 1902 on sensor 1908 . Furthermore, electrical signals may have properties related to the optical properties of electromagnetic energy. These electrical signals may be used to reproduce the image focused by optical element 1902 and captured by sensor 1908, as described herein or known in the art. Optical system 1900 may also include a cover plate 1906 for sensor 1908 . The cover protects the photosensitive pixels of the sensor 1908 from dust or other particles that might absorb or scatter the electromagnetic energy focused by the optics 1902, thereby distorting the image.

Optical element 1902 may include five optical lenses, including lens L1 , lens L2 , lens L3 , lens L4 , and lens L5 (collectively referred to as lenses L1 through L5 ). The optical lenses are numbered from left (object side of optical system 1900) to right (image side of optical system 1900). The leftmost lens L1 is therefore also referred to herein as the object-side lens. Alternatively, lens L1 may be referred to as an objective lens of optical system 1900 .

As shown in the figure, lens L1 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power, and has a convex object side R1 and a convex image side R2. Furthermore, lens L1 may have a strong optical power relative to lenses L2 , L3 , L4 and L5 of optical element 1902 . In certain aspects, lens L1 may have a greater positive optical power than any of lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. In another aspect, L1 may have a greater positive optical power than any subset of lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. In at least one alternative or additional aspect, lens L1 can have a greater positive optical power than the combination of lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. As shown, the aperture stop A1 can be placed near the object side R1 of the lens L1.

The lens 2 can be a lens with negative optical power. Lens L2 may have an object side R3 and an image side R4. Surface R3 may be slightly convex in some aspects of the subject disclosure. In other aspects, surface R3 can be substantially flat without significant optical power. In yet other aspects of the subject disclosure, surface R3 may have a composite curvature that is convex for a subset of pupil radii (e.g., a range of distances from optical axis 1904) of surface R3 and that is convex for light from surface R3 A different subset of pupil radii is concave. As shown in the embodiment, surface R3 may have a concave curvature from the optical axis 1904 to a first pupil radius, and may have a convex curvature from the first pupil radius to a second pupil radius, wherein the second pupil radius is greater than The first pupil radius. Image side R4 may have a concave curvature that provides most of the negative optical power of lens L2.

The lens L3 may be a meniscus lens having a convex curvature toward the object side of the lens L3. As shown in the figure, lens L3 includes object side R5 and image side R6. Object side R5 may have a convex curvature. In certain aspects, the convexity of object side R5 may be stronger near optical axis 1904 than near the periphery of lens L3. In other words, the radius of curvature of object-side R5 may increase incrementally as the pupil radius of object-side R5 increases, and in at least one aspect, become infinite near the periphery of lens L3. The image side R6 may have a concave curvature. In at least one aspect, the radius of curvature of the image side R6 can increase as the pupil radius of the lens L3 increases. In an alternative or additional aspect, image side R6 may be convex near the periphery of lens L3.

Lens L4 includes object side R7 and image side R8. The lens L4 can be a meniscus lens facing the image side of the optical element 1902 . In addition, lens L4 may have slightly positive optical power. In an alternative or additional aspect, the positive power of lens L4 may be greater near optical axis 1904 compared to the periphery of lens L4, while in other aspects the positive power is on the surface of image side R8 Can be substantially constant.

Lens L5 includes object side R9 and image side R10. Object side R9 may have a concave curvature for low and medium field angles, and the curvature may decrease at higher field angles. The image side R10 may be concave near the optical axis 1904 . In addition, for medium and high viewing angles, the image side R10 can be converted from a concave surface to a convex surface.

Optical elements 1902 may have respective spaces (air gaps) between respective lenses LI, L2, L3, L4, and L5. In a specific aspect, the on-axis clearance distance between lens L4 and lens L5 may be the largest of a set of clearance distances between lenses L1-L5. In an alternative or additional aspect, the clearance distance between lens L3 and lens L4 may be the second largest of a set of clearance distances between lenses L1-L5.

In another aspect of the subject disclosure, actuators can be connected to a subset of optical elements 1902 . In one embodiment, the actuator may be a MEMS actuator, while in other aspects the actuator may be another type of actuator known in the art. The actuator can be configured to reposition a subset of optical lenses along the optical axis 1904 . The repositioning of the subset of optical lenses allows object images at different object distances to be focused on the sensor 1908 of the optical system 1900 . In certain aspects, optical lens 1902 may be configured to focus an image of an object located in the far field (eg, infinity, . . . ) onto sensor 1908 . According to further aspects, a subset of optical elements 1902 may be repositioned to focus objects in the near field of sensor 1908 . In a specific aspect, the subset of optical elements may include lens L1, and lens L1 may be positioned by MEMS actuators as shown in FIG. 19 to focus an object located at infinity on the sensing sensor 1908, and can be positioned by means of MEMS actuators as shown in FIG.

In another aspect, aperture stop Al may be fixed relative to optical axis 1904 . In another aspect, aperture stop A1 may be fixed relative to the position of lens L1. In a later aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be moved by a MEMS actuator along with the lens L1 while focusing the image of the object on the sensor 1908 . According to still other aspects, MEMS actuators, alone or in conjunction with aperture stop A1 , can be configured to move lens L1 along optical axis 1904 a total distance. This total distance can focus an image of an object at infinity on sensor 1908 at one end and an image of an object at a substantial object distance of 12.8 cm on sensor 1908 at its other end.

Lenses L1 to L5 may be of each suitable type of suitable light transmissive material and formed according to a suitable method for producing an optical quality surface. In one aspect, the lenses L1-L5 can be ground and polished glass, wherein the refractive index of the selected glass makes the combined lenses L1-L5 produce a desired effective focal length. In another aspect, the lens may be an optical quality injection molded plastic (or an optical quality plastic formed by another suitable method), wherein the plastic has a suitable refractive index to provide a desired focal length. In other aspects, lenses L1-L5 may be etched from transparent glass, crystal, or other suitable structures using photolithographic etching processes similar to etching semiconductor wafers. In certain aspects, the lenses L1 to L5 can be made of different glass, plastic or suitable light-transmitting medium by one or more of the above or similar suitable manufacturing techniques (please note that the cover 1908 is a fictitious material). In another aspect, optical element 1902 may have been described according to the optical prescriptions of Tables 19-27A.

Effective focal length (in air, at system temperature and pressure) 4.803702 Effective focal length (image space) 4.803702 Back focus 0.1097044 Total Track Length (TTL) 5.588093 Image Space F/# 2.668723 Parallel axis work F/# 2.668742 Work F/# 2.647852 Image space NA 0.1841501 Target space NA 9e-007 Aperture radius 0.9 Horizontal axis image height 3.492 Horizontal axis magnification -4.803736e-006 Entrance pupil diameter 1.8 Entrance pupil position 0.05 Exit Pupil Diameter 1.214476 Exit Pupil Position -3.231397 Maximum Radial Field 3.492 lens unit cm (mm) Angular magnification 1.482119

Table 19: General optical properties (object in focus at infinity)

1 0 0 1 2 0 0.339 1 3 0 0.678 1 4 0 1.018 1 5 0 1.357 1 6 0 1.696 1 7 0 2.035 1 8 0 2.375 1 9 0 2.714 1 10 0 3.053 1 11 0 3.392 1 12 0 3.492 1

Table 20: Image field type vs. real image height (in mm)

1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 -0.005032 0.000003 0.005032 0 8 0 -0.018773 0.000041 0.018775 0 9 0 -0.031175 0.000230 0.031178 0 10 0 -0.062274 0.000739 0.062281 0 11 0 -0.154303 0.005254 0.154319 0 12 0 -0.218933 0.013148 0.218954 0

Table 21: Vignetting factors of the image field in Table 20

Table 22: Wavelengths used for ray tracing

Table 23: Summary of surface data

Table 24: Surface Aspheric Coefficients

Table 25: Edge Thickness Information

Table 26: Refractive Index Information

Table 27: Focal ratio (F/Number) information

Table 27A: Focal Ratio Information (continued)

Table 19 provides general optical information for specific embodiments of optical systems 1800 and 1900 of FIGS. 18 and 19, respectively. Table 20 provides the image height along the y-axis measured by the image sensor 1906 for a set of light fields, and provides the weights of the respective image fields. Table 21 contains the vignetting data for the set of light fields in Table 20. Table 22 describes the wavelengths of the traced rays in the optical imaging system 1800 shown in FIG. 18 . Table 23 provides a summary of general optical surface properties for the lens of optical element 1902, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic classes; not a dummy material for cover glass 1908), diameter Hypocurve constants and applicable notes. Table 24 specifies the aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of Table 23, while Table 25 provides edge thickness information for those surfaces. Table 26 provides refractive index data for various wavelengths for the light fields shown in Table 20. Tables 27 and 27A provide F/# information for those same wavelengths and light fields.

Figure 20 depicts a graphical representation of field curvature and distortion for the optical systems 1800, 1900 of Figures 18 and 19, as described above. In particular, the curvature of field and distortion shown in FIG. 20 are consistent with optics 1902 configured to focus the image of an object at infinity on sensor 1906 . The curvature of field and distortion diagrams utilize five wavelengths, including 0.436, 0.486, 0.546, 0.588, and 0.656 μm. Also, the ray tracing has a maximum field of view of 35.543 degrees. The line graph on the left hand side depicts the curvature of field in centimeters along the y-axis of the image plane of the imaging optics. Field curvature curves are depicted for sagittal rays (depicted with 'S') as well as tangential rays (depicted with 'T'). The curvature of field range for the wavelengths used is within a few microns for sagittal and tangential rays. The distortion on the right hand side of Figure 20 also includes the curves for the above five wavelengths. Distortion data is normalized to 0% on the optical axis. Distortion is less than about -1% across the image plane, and less than about +/-0.5% for medium to low field angles.

Fig. 21 is a diagram depicting longitudinal aberration for a set of wavelengths. The longitudinal aberrations of FIG. 21 are related to optical element 1902 configured to image an object located at infinity on sensor 1906 . Listed wavelengths include 0.436, 0.486, 0.546, 0.588, and 0.656 μm. The line graph plots longitudinal aberration in centimeters for increasing field angles for a pupil radius of 0.9mm. At low field angles, longitudinal aberrations are generally positive and less than about 0.02 cm. At high field angles, longitudinal aberration is more negative and generally less than about 0.03 cm. The longitudinal aberration diagram of Figure 21 indicates that optical element 1902 provides reasonably good aberration correction for the wavelengths shown.

FIG. 22 depicts a graph of lateral chromatic aberration for the optical element 1902 of FIG. 19, as described above. Thus, the graph of lateral chromatic aberration is associated with optical element 1902 configured to focus the image of an object located at infinity on sensor 1906 . The maximum field of view of the lateral chromatic aberration diagram is 3.3920 cm, and the wavelength range of the lateral chromatic aberration diagram is from 0.4358 to 0.6563 μm. In addition, the cited data is 0.546100μm. Lateral chromatic aberration at most field angles falls within about +/-0.5 microns. At high field angles, lower wavelengths exhibit lateral chromatic aberration of approximately -1 micron or greater, and higher wavelengths exhibit lateral chromatic aberration of approximately 1 micron.

FIG. 23 depicts a diagram of an exemplary optical system 2300 according to yet other aspects of the subject disclosure. Optical system 2300 may include a set of optical elements 2302, as shown. In at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, optical element 2302 can include a set of lenses substantially similar to optical elements 1802 and 1902 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 , as described above, but with different focus positions. Specifically, a set of optical elements 2302 may be placed in a manner suitable for focusing the image of a near-field object on the image plane of the optical elements 2302 . As shown, the near field target location for optical element 2302 is 12.8 cm. By repositioning a subset of optical elements 2302 between the position shown in FIG. 23 and the position of optical element 1902 in FIG. 19, optical system 2300 can focus different object distances between near-field objects and infinity objects.

Optical system 2300 describes a set of light fans representing light incident on optical element 2302 at discrete field angles. By means of rays converging on the optical axis of the optical system 2300 at the image plane of the optical element 2302 , the field angle of zero is described. At increasing distances from the optical axis, the points at which light converges on the image plane represent light rays hitting the optical element 2302 at correspondingly larger field angles.

FIG. 24 depicts a diagram of an exemplary optical system 2400 according to yet other aspects of the subject disclosure. Optical system 2400 depicts the optical lenses and associated optical surfaces of optical system 2300 shown in FIG. 23 . Furthermore, in at least one aspect, the optical lenses and associated optical surfaces of optical system 2300 can be substantially similar to the optical lenses and optical surfaces of optical systems 1800 and 1900, as described above. Optical system 2400 may differ from optical systems 1800 and 1900 in that optical element 2402 may be configured to focus an image of an object located at substantially 12.8 cm on sensor 2408 . Other aspects of optical system 2400 and optical element 2402 include optical surfaces R1 and R2 of lens L1, R3 and R4 of lens L2, R5 and R6 of lens L3, R7 and R8 of lens L4, and R9 and R10 of lens L5. Furthermore, sensor 2408 and cover glass 2406 may be substantially similar to sensor 1906 and cover glass 1908 of optical system 1900 .

According to certain aspects of the subject disclosure, optical element 2402 includes an objective lens, lens L1 , which is connected to an actuator (eg, a MEMS actuator, . . . ) to facilitate autofocusing of optical system 2400 . In the arrangement of optical elements 2402 shown in FIG. 24 , and particularly at the clearance distance between lens L1 and lens L2, i.e. distance _near , optical element 2402 is configured to place an object at an object distance of 12.8 cm The real image of is focused on sensor 2408. Optical system 2400 can additionally be configured to focus on an object at infinity by moving lens L1 into the position shown by optical element 1902 in FIG. 19 where the clearance distance between lens L1 and lens L2 is distance _far images of objects. In at least one alternative or additional aspect of the subject disclosure, lens L1 can be repositioned to change the headroom distance between distance _near and distance _far , thereby placing it at a point between 12.8 cm and infinity The image of the target object is focused on the sensor 2408 . Optical element 2402 may have image characteristics as described in the optical characteristics of Tables 28-31A.

Effective focal length (in air, at system temperature and pressure) 4.673877 Effective focal length (image space) 4.673877 Back focus -0.05732965 Total Track Length (TTL) 5.668093 Image Space F/# 2.596598 Parallel axis work F/# 2.747179 Work F/# 2.738746 Image space NA 0.1790633 Target space NA 0.007028331 Aperture radius 0.9 Horizontal axis image height 3.492 Horizontal axis magnification -0.03861711 Entrance pupil diameter 1.8 Entrance pupil position 0.05 Exit Pupil Diameter 1.198642 Exit Pupil Position -3.269722 Maximum Radial Field 3.492 lens unit cm (mm) Angular magnification 1.501698

Table 28: General optical properties (object in focus at about 12.8 cm)

1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 -0.00588 0.000003 0.005875 0 8 0 -0.02139 0.000058 0.021397 0 9 0 -0.0355 0.00023 0.035498 0 10 0 -0.06623 0.000798 0.066238 0 11 0 -0.16868 0.006487 0.1687 0 12 0 -0.24396 0.016135 0.243989 0

Table 29: Vignetting factors of the image field in Table 20

Table 30: Summary of surface data

Table 31: Focal ratio (F/Number) data

Table 31A: Focal Ratio Information (continued)

Tables 28 to 31A contain the optical and image properties of optical system 2400 , which differ from the configuration of optical system 1900 . Table 28 provides general optical information for specific embodiments of optical system 2400 . Table 29 contains the vignetting data for the set of light fields in Table 20. Table 30 provides a summary of general optical properties for the lens of optical element 2402, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic classes, including a dummy material for cover glass 2408), diameter, Hypocurve constants and applicable notes. Tables 31 and 31A provide F/# data for a given wavelength and light field.

FIG. 25 depicts a graphical representation of field curvature and distortion for the optical system 2400 of FIG. 24, as described above. Wavelengths used for field curvature versus distortion plots include 0.436, 0.486, 0.546, 0.588, and 0.656 μm. The rays used to generate these line diagrams were traced to a field angle unit with a maximum field of view of 34.188 degrees. Field curvature for both tangential and sagittal rays is generally positive and less than about 0.05 mm for all field angles. Distortion is less than about 1% at medium to low FOVs, increasing to about 1.6% at high FOVs.

FIG. 26 depicts a diagram of longitudinal aberrations for an optical system 2400 . The provided longitudinal aberration diagrams are for five wavelengths, including 0.436, 0.486, 0.546, 0.588, and 0.656 μm. The line graph plots longitudinal aberration in centimeters for increasing field angles with a pupil radius of 0.9mm. At low field angles, longitudinal aberrations are generally positive and less than about 0.04 cm. At higher FOVs, the longitudinal aberration ranges from positive to negative for different FOVs and is generally between +0.03 cm and about -0.035 cm.

Figure 27 depicts a line diagram of lateral chromatic aberration, as described above, for the optical element 2402 of Figure 24 . The graph of lateral chromatic aberration relates to optical element 2402 configured to focus the image of an object placed at about 12.8 cm on sensor 2406 . The maximum field of view of the lateral chromatic aberration diagram is 3.3920 cm, and the wavelength range used in the line diagram is from 0.4358 to 0.6563 μm. In addition, the cited data is 0.546100μm. Lateral chromatic aberration is less than about +3 microns and greater than about -1 microns for all viewing angles. Lateral chromatic aberration ranges between approximately +1 micron and -0.25 micron at low and medium field of view.

28A-28D depict exemplary optical systems according to one or more additional aspects of the subject disclosure. The optical system is shown in the upper left corner of FIG. 28A and is configured to focus the image of an object at infinity on the sensor of the optical system. 29A-29D depict exemplary optical systems configured to focus an image of a near-field object on a sensor of the optical system. The latter configuration can be achieved, for example, by reducing the headroom distance between the first leftmost lens closest to the object side of the optical system and the second lens closer to the object side of the optical system.

Generally, the optical system includes five lenses, including lens L1 (also called objective lens), lens L2, lens L3, lens L4 and lens L5 (collectively called lenses L1 to L5) from the object side to the image side. Moreover, the optical system of FIGS. 28A-28D may comprise two or more lens groups that are at least partially defined by an on-axis inter-lens clearance distance between respective lenses in the two or more lens groups. superior. As shown in one embodiment, the five lenses of the optical system can be arranged into two lens groups, the first lens group includes the first lens, the second lens and the third lens from the object side of the optical system, and the second lens group A fourth lens and a fifth lens are included from the object side of the optical system. The lens groups are constrained to have an on-axis clearance distance between lenses that is less than an on-axis clearance distance between the first and second lens groups.

28B-28D illustrate the image characteristics of the optical system shown in FIG. 28A, which is configured to focus the image of an object at infinity on the optical system sensor (far-field focusing configuration). 29B-29D depict image characteristics of the optical system shown in FIG. 29A configured to focus a near-field object on the sensor (near-field focus configuration). 28B is a line graph depicting curvature of field versus distortion for a far-field focusing configuration with a maximum field of view greater than about 32 degrees for wavelengths between about 0.47 and about 0.65 microns. Figure 28C depicts line graphs of longitudinal aberrations for the far-field configuration at the above wavelengths and a pupil radius of about 0.991 mm, and Figure 28D depicts lateral aberrations for a configuration with a maximum field of view of about 2.956 cm and a reference wavelength of about 0.555 microns Line diagram of color difference.

FIG. 29B depicts curvature of field and distortion for the near-field configuration of the optical system shown in FIG. 29A. Field curvature and distortion has a maximum field of view of about 34.51 degrees for wavelengths between about 0.470 and about 0.650 microns. Figure 29C depicts longitudinal aberrations for near-field configurations with a pupil radius of approximately 0.991 cm and wavelengths of approximately 0.470, 0.510, 0.555, 0.610, and 0.650 microns. Figure 29D depicts a graph of lateral chromatic aberration for a near-field configuration with a maximum field of view of approximately 2.9560 cm and a reference wavelength of 0.555 microns. The optical system of FIG. 28A and FIG. 29A is described below by means of the optical and image properties provided in Tables 32 to 40A.

Effective focal length (in air, at system temperature and pressure) 4.309199 Effective focal length (image space) 4.309199 Back focus 0.528864 Total Track Length (TTL) 5.348668 Image Space F/# 2.44563 Parallel axis work F/# 2.44563 Work F/# 2.468005 Image space NA 0.200303 Target space NA 8.81E-11 Aperture radius 0.881 Horizontal axis image height 2.956 Horizontal axis magnification 0 Entrance pupil diameter 1.762 Entrance pupil position 0 Exit Pupil Diameter 1.257817 Exit Pupil Position -3.09729 Maximum Radial Field 2.956 lens unit cm (mm) Angular magnification 1.400838

Table 32: General optical properties (object in focus at infinity)

1 0 0 1 2 0 0.571 1 3 0 1.142 1 4 0 1.714 1 5 0 2.285 1 6 0 2.57 1 7 0 2.856 0.2 8 0 2.956 0.2

Table 33: Image field type vs. real image height (in mm)

1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.003903 0.00001 0.003903 0 3 0 0.007781 0.000035 0.007783 0 4 0 0.01172 0.000106 0.011721 0 5 0 -0.00257 0.000337 0.034007 0 6 0 -0.04564 0.001626 0.08102 0 7 0 -0.09687 0.005447 0.136263 0 8 0 -0.14243 0.009529 0.183383 0

Table 34: Vignetting Factors for Table 20 Image Fields

1 0.47 91 2 0.51 503 3 0.555 1000 4 0.61 503 5 0.65 107

Table 35: Wavelengths used for ray tracing

Table 36: Summary of surface data

Table 37: Surface Aspheric Coefficients

aperture -0.05 2 0.184732 3 0.400359 4 0.15927 5 0.723662 6 0.044372 7 0.05 8 0.026648 9 0.560283 10 0.571295 11 0.51101 12 0.022871 13 0.05 14 0.126282 15 0.613075 16 0.40481 17 0.3 18 0.55 image 0

Table 38: Edge Thickness Information

Table 39: Refractive Index Information

Table 40: Focal ratio (F/Number) data

Table 40A: Focal Ratio Information (continued)

Tables 32 through 40A provide the optical and image properties of the optical system shown in FIG. 28A with the far-field focusing configuration. Table 32 provides general optical information for optical systems. Table 33 provides the image height along the y-axis as measured by the image sensor of the optical system for a set of light fields and the respective weights of the respective light fields. Table 34 contains the vignetting data for the set of light fields in Table 33. Table 35 describes the wavelengths of the respective rays tracked in the optical imaging system shown in Figure 28A. Table 36 provides a summary of general optical surface properties for lenses for optical systems, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic classes), diameter, conic constant, and applicable notes. Table 37 describes the aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of Table 35, while Table 38 provides edge thickness information for those surfaces. Table 39 provides the refractive indices for various wavelengths and light fields listed. Tables 40 and 40A provide F/# information for those same wavelengths and light fields.

As used herein, the word "exemplary" is intended to mean serving as an embodiment, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to infer that other aspects or designs are preferred or advantageous. Rather, the use of the word illustrative is intended to represent the concept in a concrete manner. As used in this application, the word "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or", not an exclusive "or". That is, unless otherwise indicated, or clear from the context, "X employs A or B" is intended to denote any natural inclusive arrangement. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied in any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the article "a" as used in this application and claims should generally be inferred to mean "one or more" unless otherwise indicated or it is clear from the content that it refers to a singular form.

Furthermore, various parts of the electronic system associated with the disclosed optical system described herein may include or be composed of artificial intelligence or knowledge or rule-based components, subcomponents, procedures, means, methods, or mechanisms (for example, support vector machines, neural networks, expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, data fusion engines, classifiers...). In particular, these components, as well as those described herein, can automate specific mechanisms or procedures to make some systems and methods more applicable, efficient and intelligent. For example, such components can automate the optimization of optical system image quality, as described above (see, eg, electronic device 500 of FIG. 5 above).

Embodiments including aspects of the technical subject matter claimed above have been described above. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of illustrating the claimed subject matter, but those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the disclosed subject matter It is possible. Accordingly, the disclosed technical subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the claims. Furthermore, since "comprising" is interpreted as a transitional word in the claims, the words "comprising" or "having" used in any of the embodiments or the claims, in terms of meaning, are intended to be Used to be inclusive in a manner similar to the word 彚 "to contain".

Claims (44)

1. An optical imaging system arranged along an optical axis, comprising: a set of optical lenses comprising a first lens group and a second lens group, wherein the second lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis; a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator mechanically connected to the first lens group and configured to adjust the position of the first lens group along the optical axis, wherein the first adjustment position is configured to use to focus an image of an object located far away from the imaging optical system on an image plane associated with the imaging optical system, and wherein the second adjustment position is configured to focus an image of an object located close to the imaging optical system The image of is focused on the image plane; in: The set of optical lenses includes five lenses; the MEMS actuator is configured to adjust the position of the first lens group along the optical axis by 50 to 150 microns; The first lens group includes a biconvex object-side lens among the five lenses; The second lens group includes the other four lenses of the five lenses; and The ratio of the focal length of the bi-convex object-side lens to the combined focal lengths of the five lenses is greater than one-half. 2. The optical imaging system according to claim 1, further comprising an aperture stop disposed on the object side of the biconvex object-side lens. 3. The optical imaging system of claim 2, wherein the aperture stop is fixed in position along the optical axis. 4. The optical imaging system according to claim 2, wherein the aperture stop is fixed in position relative to the first lens group. 5. The optical imaging system of claim 4, wherein the MEMS actuator is configured to reposition the first lens group and the aperture stop along the optical axis, and to move light between the aperture The fixed position between the diaphragm and the first lens group is at least maintained at the first adjustment position and the second adjustment position. 6. The optical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the other four lenses comprise a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens. 7. The optical imaging system according to claim 6, wherein the second lens has a concave image side and a flat or slightly convex curvature on the object side. 8. The optical imaging system of claim 7, wherein the second lens has a negative optical power and is made of OKP4HT plastic. 9. The optical imaging system according to claim 6, wherein the third lens has a concave object side and a convex image side, positive optical power, and is made of APEL5514ML glass. 10. The optical imaging system according to claim 6, wherein the fourth lens has an object side that is convex near the optical axis and turns concave away from the optical axis, and an image side that has a convex curvature. 11. The optical imaging system according to claim 10, wherein the fourth lens has a positive optical power near the optical axis, and has negative optical power, positive optical power, or no optical power away from the optical axis, and the The fourth lens is made of APEL5514ML plastic. 12. The optical imaging system according to claim 6, wherein the fifth lens has an object side that is concave near the optical axis and turns convex away from the optical axis, and is concave near the optical axis and turns away from the optical axis. Convex like the side. 13. The optical imaging system according to claim 12, wherein the fifth lens has a negative optical power near the optical axis and a positive optical power away from the optical axis, and the fifth lens is made of APEL5514ML plastic. 14. The optical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the biconvex object-side lens is made of APEL5514ML plastic. 15. The optical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the optical magnification of the bi-convex object-side lens is at least partially a function of the distance between the first adjustment position and the second adjustment position along the optical axis . 16. The optical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the focal length of the bi-convex object-side lens to the combined focal length of the five lenses is three quarters. 17. The optical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the optical magnification of the biconvex object-side lens to the combined optical magnification of the five lenses is at least partially the first adjustment position and the second adjustment position function of the distance between them along the optical axis. 18. The optical imaging system of claim 1 , wherein an object positioned away from the optical system is positioned substantially at infinity, and wherein an object positioned near the optical system is positioned substantially away from the optical system. The aperture stop of the imaging system is at 10 cm. 19. An optical system comprising: A plurality of optical elements for forming a real image of an object are arranged along a common optical axis, the optical elements comprising: The first lens group contains: A first lens having a positive diopter having two surfaces, one surface facing the object side and the other surface facing the image side, the two surfaces having a convex shape; and The second lens group contains: a second lens having a negative diopter and a meniscus shape, with a convex surface facing the object side, and a concave surface facing the image side; A third lens with positive diopter, which is biconvex near the optical axis, and has a concave surface facing the object side, and the concave surface is concave away from the optical axis; a fourth lens having a concave surface facing the object side, and a convex surface facing the image side; and a fifth lens having a meniscus shape, having an object side and an image side, the object side is concave, the image side is concave near the optical axis and turns from concave to convex away from the optical axis; and An actuator configured to move the first lens group along the optical axis and the second lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis. 20. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the actuator is a microelectromechanical system. 21. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the second lens corrects most of the chromatic aberration of the optical system. 22. The optical system according to claim 19, further comprising an aperture embedded in the first lens and moving with the first lens, wherein the aperture has a depth of 50 μm. 23. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the optical system has an F-number of about 2.4. 24. The optical system of claim 19, wherein one or more of the lenses are made of plastic. 25. The optical system according to claim 19, wherein surfaces of one or more of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens and the fifth lens are aspherical. 26. The optical system according to claim 19, wherein the refractive index of one or more of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens and the fifth lens falls between 1.5 and 1.66 in the range. 27. The optical system according to claim 19, wherein the movement range of the first lens is between 0 μm and 100 μm. 28. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the amount of movement for focusing the object image is inversely proportional to the positive diopter of the first lens. 29. The optical system according to claim 19, wherein the optical system focuses on an object at infinity with a dominant lateral chromatic aberration range equal to or less than 1 μm. 30. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the optical system has a dominant lateral chromatic aberration range equal to or less than 4 μm focused on an object at 10 cm. 31. An optical imaging system arranged along an optical axis comprising: a set of optical lenses comprising a first lens group and a second lens group, wherein the second lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis and comprises a majority of the set of optical lenses; and an actuator, which is mechanically connected to the first lens group and configured to adjust the position of the first lens group along the optical axis, wherein the first adjustment position is configured to be positioned away from the An image of an object of the optical imaging system is focused on an image plane associated with the optical imaging system, and wherein the second adjustment position is configured to focus an image of an object positioned proximate to the optical imaging system on the image plane superior; in: The set of optical lenses includes five lenses; the actuator is configured to adjust the position of the first lens group along the optical axis by 50 to 150 microns; The first lens group includes a first lens in the five lenses; The second lens group includes the other four lenses in the five lenses, and the other four lenses include a third lens that is ranked third from the object side of the group of optical lenses in the group of optical lenses, and the third lens has The object side of the group of optical lenses is in a convex meniscus shape. 32. The optical imaging system of claim 31, wherein the actuator comprises a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator. 33. The optical imaging system according to claim 31, wherein the first lens group comprises a biconvex objective lens, which provides most of the positive optical power of the group of optical lenses. 34. The optical imaging system according to claim 33, wherein the biconvex objective lens has a positive diopter greater than the combined diopter of the group of optical lenses. 35. The optical imaging system according to claim 31, wherein the effective focal length of the set of optical lenses is between 4.5 and 5.0 cm. 36. The optical imaging system of claim 31 , wherein the ratio of the total track length to the effective focal length of the optical system is between 1.1 and 1.2. 37. The optical imaging system according to claim 31, wherein the first lens is an objective lens of the optical system. 38. The optical imaging system according to claim 31, wherein the second adjustment position focuses the image of the object at the object distance of 12.8 cm on the image plane. 39. The optical imaging system according to claim 31, wherein, numbering from the object side of the group of optical lenses, the distance between the third lens and the fourth lens in the group of optical lenses is each optical lens in the group of optical lenses The maximum clearance distance between lenses. 40. The optical imaging system according to claim 31, wherein, numbering from the object side of the group of optical lenses, the distance between the fourth lens and the fifth lens in the group of optical lenses is each optical lens in the group of optical lenses The maximum clearance distance between lenses. 41. The optical imaging system of claim 31, further comprising an aperture stop near the object side of the first lens of the set of optical lenses, numbered from the object side of the set of optical lenses. 42. The optical imaging system according to claim 41, further comprising a stop numbered from the object side of the set of optical lenses between the second and third lenses of the set of optical lenses. 43. The optical imaging system according to claim 42, further comprising a second stop between the third lens and the fourth lens of the set of optical lenses. 44. The optical imaging system according to claim 43, further comprising a third stop between the fourth lens and the fifth lens of the set of optical lenses.