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CN104104137A - Lithium iron phosphate power battery management system and management method - Google Patents

Lithium iron phosphate power battery management system and management method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104104137A
CN104104137A CN201410352410.2A CN201410352410A CN104104137A CN 104104137 A CN104104137 A CN 104104137A CN 201410352410 A CN201410352410 A CN 201410352410A CN 104104137 A CN104104137 A CN 104104137A
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battery pack
circuit
battery
voltage
main controller
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崔纳新
张承慧
商云龙
于广
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium iron phosphate power battery management system and a lithium iron phosphate power battery management method. The lithium iron phosphate power battery management system comprises a main controller, a voltage detection circuit, a temperature detection circuit, an insulation monitoring circuit, an equalization circuit, a protection circuit, a DC/DC (direct current) power supply circuit, a pre-charging circuit, a cooling fan, a power battery pack, a personal computer (PC), a vehicle-mounted controller and a storage module. The lithium iron phosphate power battery management system has the following functions of detecting monomer voltage and total voltage of a battery, detecting charging and discharging currents of the battery pack, diagnosing faults of the battery pack and performing mandatory protection for over charging, over discharging and equalization and temperature protection, accurately estimating various states (SOC, SOH and RUL) of the battery pack, performing efficient and rapid equalization, charging in advance, measuring insulation of the battery pack, recording running and fault data of the battery pack, communicating with the vehicle-mounted controller and a display system, and communicating with a battery charger and providing battery charging information for the battery charger.

Description

A kind of lithium iron phosphate dynamic battery management system and management method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium iron phosphate dynamic battery management system and management method.
Background technology
Energy crisis and environmental pollution are two hang-ups that the world today faces.Electric automobile is extensively welcomed by the people with energy-saving and environmental protection, has become the inexorable trend of future automobile development.The strategic of electric automobile " three vertical three horizontal strokes " has been established in China " 12 " planning.Three vertical be hybrid vehicle, pure electric automobile, fuel cell car; Three horizontal be battery, motor, automatically controlled.Wherein, vehicle mounted dynamic battery is as the critical component of electric automobile, and dynamic property, economy and the fail safe of its performance to car load is most important, is the key factor of restriction electric automobile scale development.And lithium ion battery is because of its high-energy-density, low discharge rate with there is no memory effect, is widely used in electric automobile and hybrid-electric car as power source.
But the abuse ability of lithium-ion-power cell, charge-discharge characteristic are affected by environment larger, and lithium ion battery series connection is while being applied in groups on electric automobile, and its performance, far away from cell, even occurs safety issue.Trace it to its cause, lithium battery has high non-linearity in essence, close coupling, hesitation and time-varying characteristics, cause its modeling accuracy low, versatility is poor, SOC (State of Charge), SOH (State of Health), RUL (Remaining Useful Life) evaluated error is large, portfolio effect is not good, and aging along with battery, the state estimation errors such as battery SOC are increasing, inconsistency between monomer is more and more obvious, thereby produce lithium-ion-power cell super-charge super-discharge, active volume reduces, cycle life declines, energy management is unreasonable, there is the problems such as midway casts anchor, in the course of time cause the most at last security incident to occur.Therefore,, for lithium-ion-power cell, battery management strategy is more complicated.Charge-discharge characteristic how to bring into play to greatest extent electrokinetic cell on the basis that ensures the life-span is core objective and the technical barrier of battery management system.
Developing rapidly of electric vehicle engineering proposed requirements at the higher level to battery management system: battery management system, except the safety of operation, cooperation vehicle control strategy, supervision battery status and protection battery pack that can be reliable and stable, also should possess battery pack power control strategy efficient, that optimize.Therefore, stack battery optimization discharges and recharges control strategy becomes technical barrier urgently to be resolved hurrily at present, is also the developing direction of following battery management system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to address the above problem, has proposed a kind of lithium iron phosphate dynamic battery management system and management method, and native system has following functions: 1. battery cell voltage and total voltage detect; 2. battery set charge/discharge current detecting; 3. battery failure is diagnosed and is overcharged, crosses and put and balanced mandatory protection and temperature protection; 4. the accurate estimation of the various states of battery pack (SOC, SOH, RUL); 5. efficient fast uniform; 6. precharge; 7. battery pack insulation measurement; 8. battery pack operation and fault data recorder; 9. with vehicle control device and display system communication; 10. with charger communication, for charger provides battery charge information.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of lithium iron phosphate dynamic battery management system, comprises master controller, voltage detecting circuit, temperature sensing circuit, insulation detecting circuit, current sensor, equalizing circuit, protective circuit, pre-charge circuit and power battery pack; Wherein, master controller connects voltage detecting circuit, equalizing circuit, temperature sensing circuit, protective circuit and insulation detecting circuit, voltage detecting circuit, equalizing circuit connect respectively each battery cell two ends in power battery pack, temperature sensing circuit connects each battery cell, insulation detecting circuit connects the positive and negative end of battery pack, for judging that protective circuit that whether each battery cell voltage of battery pack exceeds limit value connects the two ends of each battery cell, battery pack two ends series connection pre-charge circuit, charger;
Described voltage detecting circuit detects the voltage of each battery cell in power battery pack, temperature sensing circuit obtains each battery cell temperature in battery pack, master controller, according to the difference of voltage, temperature value, with corresponding setting range comparison, is controlled equalizing circuit and is carried out corresponding balanced action.
The positive and negative electrode two ends of described power battery pack are connected respectively one end of DC/DC power supply circuits with a K switch b by a hand switch S1, the other end of DC/DC power supply circuits has positive-negative output end, being connected with respectively voltage detecting circuit, temperature sensing circuit, equalizing circuit and cooling fan, is above-mentioned module for power supply.
Described pre-charge circuit comprises two-way branch road in parallel, and a road connects a high-power resistance R after connecting relay switch Kp; Another road is relay switch K+, and one end of pre-charge circuit connects power battery pack by fuse KF, current sensor, and the other end connects charger.
Described master controller connects charger by CAN2 bus, and master controller connects vehicle control device by CAN1 bus, and master controller connects PC by RS232 serial ports, and master controller is connected with memory module.
Based on the management method of above-mentioned lithium iron phosphate dynamic battery management system, comprise the following steps:
(1) voltage detecting circuit detects the voltage of each battery cell in power battery pack, master controller judges whether voltage exceedes threshold value or in optimum range, according to the difference of magnitude of voltage, main controller controls K switch+, K-, all switches of equalizing circuit and the folding of K switch b;
(2) temperature sensing circuit obtains each battery cell temperature in battery pack, and master controller judges whether battery pack temperature exceedes setting, if exceed setting, disconnects all switches, does not allow to carry out charge and discharge and equalization operation;
(3) when each battery cell voltage of battery pack, temperature are all in prescribed limit, controller control battery pack is operated under charge/discharge mode.Under charge/discharge mode, master controller gathers the electric current of main circuit by current sensor, and judge whether to exceed limit value, if exceed, main controller controls K switch+and K-disconnect, stop discharging and recharging, if master controller does not cut off K switch+and K-, fast acting fuse KF will fuse, and play the overcurrent mandatory protection to battery pack;
(4) master controller is according to the cell voltage, electric current and the temperature data that obtain, the various states (SOC, SOH, RUL) of estimating battery, and by CAN1 by the above-mentioned information reporting of battery pack to entire car controller.
In described step (1), concrete grammar comprises:
(1-1) closed hand switch S1, DC/DC power supply circuits obtain electric, start master controller, equalizing circuit, voltage detecting circuit and temperature sensing circuit;
If the each battery cell voltage (1-2) in battery pack is lower than minimum threshold or be greater than max-thresholds, protective circuit meeting cut-off switch Kb, cut off DC/DC power supply circuits, master controller and equalizing circuit are without electricity, and then disconnect all switches, realize overcharging, crossing and put mandatory protection and balance protection battery pack;
If the each battery cell voltage (1-3) in battery pack is between threshold range, master controller obtains the voltage of each battery cell in battery pack by voltage detecting circuit, and judges that each battery cell voltage is whether in optimum range;
If (1-4) each battery cell voltage does not meet optimum range, main controller controls K switch+, all switches of K-and equalizing circuit disconnect, realize battery pack overcharged, cross and put and balanced soft protection;
If (1-5) each battery cell voltage meets optimum range, and judge whether maximum voltage difference is greater than balanced threshold value, if be greater than, control equalizing circuit battery pack is carried out to equilibrium; Otherwise, do not need battery pack balancing.
The minimum threshold of described monomer battery voltage is 2V, and max-thresholds is 3.7V, and optimum range is [2.5,3.65], and balanced threshold value is 0.02V.
In described step (2), concrete grammar comprise:
(2-1) each battery cell temperature in the battery pack that master controller obtains according to temperature sensing circuit, and judge that temperature is whether between setting, if exceed setting, master controller disconnects all switches, does not allow to carry out charge and discharge and equalization operation;
If (2-2) battery pack temperature is between setting, and judge whether temperature exceedes high-temperature threshold value, if so, master controller startup cooling fan carries out cooling to battery pack.
In described step (2), setting is [25 DEG C, 75 DEG C], and high-temperature threshold value is 55 DEG C.
In described step (3), under charge mode, first master controller is controlled pre-charge circuit and is carried out precharge: first Closing Switch KF, Kp and K-, after 10 seconds, turn-off again Kp, and closed K+, and keep KF and K-conducting always; Charger is connected with master controller by CAN2 bus, and charger, obtaining after battery voltage, temperature, current information, carries out charging operations to battery pack.
In described step (3), under discharge mode, the direct Closing Switch K+ of master controller and K-, then battery pack is carried out to discharge operation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) battery management system and battery binding, form smart battery pack, can realize overcharging, crossing and put and balanced hardware mandatory protection of power battery pack;
(2) multivariable closed-loop control, can realize the software protection of power battery pack, can realize the various states (SOC, SOH, RUL) of battery pack and estimate;
(3) there is the function of efficient fast uniform and precharge, strengthen the management of management system and controlled function, can carry out CAN with charger communicates by letter, make charger there is better applicability and versatility, improve the intelligent level of charging process, simplified charging staff the loaded down with trivial details work such as charge parameter are set.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, the pressure-wire of the each battery cell of battery pack; 2, the temperature line of the each battery cell of battery pack; 10, master controller; 20, voltage detecting circuit; 30, equalizing circuit; 40, protective circuit; 50, temperature sensing circuit; 60, insulation detecting circuit; 70, memory module; 80, PC; 90, cooling fan; 100, battery pack; 200, pre-charge circuit; 300, charger; 400, vehicle control device; 500, current sensor; 600, DC/DC power supply circuits.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, battery management system comprises master controller 10, voltage detecting circuit 20, temperature sensing circuit 50, insulation detecting circuit 60, equalizing circuit 30, protective circuit 40, DC/DC power supply circuits 600, pre-charge circuit 200, cooling fan 90, power battery pack 100, PC 80, vehicle control device 400 and memory module 70.There is following functions: 1. battery cell voltage and total voltage detect; 2. battery set charge/discharge current detecting; 3. battery failure is diagnosed and is overcharged, crosses and put and balanced mandatory protection and temperature protection; 4. the various states of battery pack (SOC, SOH, RUL) are accurately estimated; 5. Zero Current Switch fast uniform; 6. precharge; 7. battery pack insulation measurement; 8. battery pack operation and fault data recorder; 9. with vehicle control device and display system communication; 10. with charger communication, for charger provides battery charge information.
Described voltage detecting circuit 20 connects the two ends of each battery cell, for detection of each batteries monomer voltage in battery pack;
Described temperature sensing circuit 50 connects each battery cell, for detection of each batteries monomer temperature in battery pack;
Described insulation detecting circuit one end is connected in the both positive and negative polarity of battery pack, and one end is connected in master controller, whether has electric leakage for detection of battery pack;
Described equalizing circuit 30 connects the two ends of each battery cell, for the highest battery cell combination of battery pack voltage and the minimum battery cell combination of voltage being carried out to Zero Current Switch fast uniform under the control of master controller;
One end of described DC/DC power supply circuits 600 is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of battery pack respectively with a K switch b by a hand switch S1, the other end has positive-negative output end to be connected with voltage detecting circuit 20, temperature sensing circuit 50, equalizing circuit 30 and cooling fan 90 respectively, for giving above-mentioned module for power supply;
Described protective circuit 40 connects the two ends of each battery cell, be used for judging whether each battery cell voltage of battery pack exceeds limit value, if exceed, cut-off switch Kb, thereby cut off DC/DC power supply circuits 600, and then cut off all switches, realize overcharging, crossing and put mandatory protection and balance protection of battery pack;
Described pre-charge circuit comprises two-way, and a road meets a high-power resistance R after a little relay switch Kp, another Lu Weiyi large relay switch K+, and relay switch Kp and resistance R are connected in parallel on the two ends of large relay switch K+.One end of pre-charge circuit is connected in fuse KF, and the other end is connected in charger 300, is used for containing that battery pack is to the charger large discharging current of 300 electric capacity moments in the time of circuit turn-on;
The operation principle of described pre-charge circuit is: first Closing Switch KF, Kp and K-, after 10 seconds, turn-off again Kp, and closed K+, and keep KF and K-conducting;
The signal of described master controller receiver voltage testing circuit 20 is used for judging whether to need equilibrium, and if desired equilibrium is controlled equalizing circuit 30 battery pack is carried out to equilibrium.The signal of described master controller reception temperature sensing circuit 50 is used for judging whether carrying out battery cooling, and if desired the cooling cooling fan 90 of controlling carries out cooling to battery pack.The signal that described master controller receives insulation detecting circuit 60 is used for judging whether battery pack leaks electricity, if the main positive K switch of disconnection of electric leakage+and main negative K-;
Described charger 300 is connected with master controller by CAN2, for charger 300 provides battery charge information, and the charge mode coordinating with charger 300 for realizing battery management system;
Described current sensor 500 is connected in the major loop of battery pack, the positive pole of a termination battery pack, and one section connects fuse, for detection of the charge-discharge circuit of battery pack;
Described vehicle control device 400 is connected with master controller by CAN1, for obtaining the relevant information of battery pack, car load is carried out to energy management;
Described PC 80 is connected with master controller by RS232 serial ports, for showing the information such as voltage, electric current, temperature and fault of battery pack;
Described memory module 70 is connected with master controller, for information such as each joint monomer voltage, electric current, temperature and the faults of storage battery;
A management method of applying above-mentioned lithium iron phosphate dynamic battery management system, comprises the following steps:
S1. closed hand switch S1, DC/DC power supply circuits obtain electric, start master controller, equalizing circuit, voltage detecting circuit and temperature sensing circuit.
If the each battery cell voltage S2. in battery pack is lower than 2V or be greater than 3.7V, protective circuit 40 meeting cut-off switch Kb, cut off DC/DC power supply circuits 600, master controller and equalizing circuit 30 are without electricity, and then disconnect all switches, realize overcharging, crossing and put mandatory protection and balance protection battery pack;
If the each battery cell voltage S3. in battery pack is between 2V~3.7V, master controller obtains the voltage of each battery cell in battery pack by voltage detecting circuit 20, and judges that each battery cell voltage is whether lower than 2.5V or be greater than 3.65V;
If S4. lower than 2.5V or be greater than 3.65V, main controller controls K switch+, all switches of K-and equalizing circuit 30 disconnect, realize battery pack overcharged, cross and put and balanced soft protection;
If S5. between 2.5V~3.65V, and judge whether maximum voltage difference is greater than balanced threshold value 0.02V, if be greater than, control equalizing circuit 30 battery pack is carried out to equilibrium; Otherwise, do not need battery pack balancing;
S6. each battery cell temperature in the battery pack that master controller obtains according to temperature sensing circuit 50, and judge that temperature is whether between-25~75 DEG C, if do not exist, master controller disconnects all switches, does not allow to carry out charge and discharge and equalization operation;
If S7. battery pack temperature is between-25~75 DEG C, and judge whether temperature exceedes 55 DEG C, if so, master controller startup cooling fan 90 carries out cooling to battery pack;
S8. in battery pack, each battery cell voltage, temperature are all under the condition of normal range (NR), and power battery pack can be operated under charge mode and discharge mode, and can carry out equalization operation;
S9. under charge mode, first master controller is controlled pre-charge circuit and is carried out precharge: first Closing Switch KF, Kp and K-, after 10 seconds, turn-off again Kp, and closed K+, and keep KF and K-conducting always;
S10. charger 300 is connected with master controller by CAN2, and charger 300 is obtaining after battery voltage, temperature, current information, according to the charging algorithm arranging, battery pack is carried out to charging operations;
S11. under discharge mode, directly Closing Switch KF, K+ and K-, then according to the electric discharge algorithm arranging, battery pack is carried out to discharge operation;
S12. under charge/discharge pattern, master controller gathers the electric current of main circuit by current sensor 500, and judges whether to exceed limit value, if exceed, and main controller controls K switch+and K-disconnection, stop discharging and recharging, play the software protection to battery pack;
S13. exceed under the condition of limit value at electric current, if master controller does not cut off K switch+and K-, fast acting fuse KF will fuse, and play the overcurrent mandatory protection to battery pack;
S14. master controller is according to the cell voltage, electric current and the temperature data that obtain, the various states (SOC, SOH, RUL) of estimating battery, and by CAN1 by the above-mentioned information reporting of battery pack to entire car controller.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendments that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种磷酸铁锂动力电池管理系统,其特征是:包括主控制器、电压检测电路、温度检测电路、绝缘检测电路、电流传感器、均衡电路、保护电路、预充电电路和动力电池组;其中,主控制器连接电压检测电路、均衡电路、温度检测电路、保护电路和绝缘检测电路,电压检测电路、均衡电路分别连接动力电池组中的各个电池单体两端,温度检测电路连接各个电池单体,绝缘检测电路连接电池组的正负极两端,用于判断电池组各个电池单体电压是否超出限值的保护电路连接各个电池单体的两端,电池组两端串联预充电电路、充电机;1. A lithium iron phosphate power battery management system, characterized in that it includes a main controller, a voltage detection circuit, a temperature detection circuit, an insulation detection circuit, a current sensor, a balancing circuit, a protection circuit, a pre-charging circuit and a power battery pack; Among them, the main controller is connected to the voltage detection circuit, equalization circuit, temperature detection circuit, protection circuit and insulation detection circuit, the voltage detection circuit and the equalization circuit are connected to both ends of each battery cell in the power battery pack, and the temperature detection circuit is connected to each battery Cell, the insulation detection circuit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, and the protection circuit for judging whether the voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack exceeds the limit value is connected to both ends of each battery cell, and the two ends of the battery pack are connected in series to the pre-charging circuit ,Charger; 所述电压检测电路检测动力电池组中各个电池单体的电压,温度检测电路获取电池组中各电池单体温度,主控制器根据电压、温度值的不同,与相应的设定范围比较,控制均衡电路进行相应的均衡动作。The voltage detection circuit detects the voltage of each battery cell in the power battery pack, the temperature detection circuit obtains the temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack, and the main controller compares with the corresponding setting range according to the difference in voltage and temperature to control The equalization circuit performs a corresponding equalization action. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种磷酸铁锂动力电池管理系统,其特征是:所述动力电池组的正、负极两端分别通过一个手动开关S1和一个开关Kb连接DC/DC供电电路的一端,DC/DC供电电路的另一端具有正负输出端,分别连接有电压检测电路、温度检测电路、均衡电路和冷却风扇,为上述模块供电。2. A lithium iron phosphate power battery management system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the positive and negative ends of the power battery pack are respectively connected to the DC/DC power supply circuit through a manual switch S1 and a switch Kb One end of the DC/DC power supply circuit has positive and negative output terminals, which are respectively connected to a voltage detection circuit, a temperature detection circuit, an equalization circuit and a cooling fan to supply power to the above modules. 3.如权利要求1所述的一种磷酸铁锂动力电池管理系统,其特征是:所述预充电电路包括并联的两路支路,一路连接继电器开关Kp后连接一个大功率电阻R;另一路为继电器开关K+,预充电电路的一端通过熔断器KF、电流传感器连接动力电池组,另一端连接充电机。3. A lithium iron phosphate power battery management system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the pre-charging circuit includes two parallel branches, one of which is connected to the relay switch Kp and then connected to a high-power resistor R; the other One way is a relay switch K+, one end of the pre-charging circuit is connected to the power battery pack through the fuse KF and a current sensor, and the other end is connected to the charger. 4.如权利要求1所述的一种磷酸铁锂动力电池管理系统,其特征是:所述主控制器通过CAN2总线连接充电机,主控制器通过CAN1总线连接车辆控制器,主控制器通过RS232串口连接PC机,主控制器连接有存储模块。4. A lithium iron phosphate power battery management system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main controller is connected to the charger through the CAN2 bus, the main controller is connected to the vehicle controller through the CAN1 bus, and the main controller is connected to the vehicle controller through the CAN1 bus. The RS232 serial port is connected to the PC, and the main controller is connected to the storage module. 5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种磷酸铁锂动力电池管理系统的管理方法,其特征是:包括以下步骤:5. The management method of a lithium iron phosphate power battery management system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: (1)电压检测电路检测动力电池组中各个电池单体的电压,主控制器判断电压是否超过阈值或在最佳范围内,根据电压值的不同,主控制器控制开关K+、K-、均衡电路的所有开关和开关Kb的开合;(1) The voltage detection circuit detects the voltage of each battery cell in the power battery pack. The main controller judges whether the voltage exceeds the threshold value or is within the optimal range. According to the different voltage values, the main controller controls the switches K+, K-, balance All switches of the circuit and the opening and closing of switch Kb; (2)温度检测电路获取电池组中各电池单体温度,主控制器判断电池组温度是否超过规定值,如果超过规定值,断开所有开关,不允许进行充、放电和均衡操作操作;(2) The temperature detection circuit obtains the temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack, and the main controller judges whether the temperature of the battery pack exceeds the specified value. If it exceeds the specified value, all switches are turned off, and charging, discharging and equalization operations are not allowed; (3)当电池组各电池单体电压、温度都在规定范围内,控制器控制电池组工作在充电/放电模式下,在充电/放电模式下,主控制器通过电流传感器采集主电路的电流,并判断是否超出限值,若超出,主控制器控制开关K+和K-断开,停止充放电,主控制器若未切断开关K+和K-,则快速熔断器KF将熔断,起到对电池组的过流强制保护;(3) When the voltage and temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack are within the specified range, the controller controls the battery pack to work in the charging/discharging mode. In the charging/discharging mode, the main controller collects the current of the main circuit through the current sensor , and judge whether it exceeds the limit value, if it exceeds, the main controller will control the switch K+ and K- to disconnect, and stop charging and discharging. If the main controller does not cut off the switch K+ and K-, the fast fuse KF will fuse to protect Compulsory overcurrent protection for battery packs; (4)主控制器根据获取的电池电压、电流和温度数据,估算电池的各种状态(SOC、SOH、RUL),并通过CAN1将电池组的上述信息上报给整车控制器。(4) The main controller estimates the various states of the battery (SOC, SOH, RUL) based on the acquired battery voltage, current and temperature data, and reports the above information of the battery pack to the vehicle controller through CAN1. 6.如权利要求5所述的管理方法,其特征是:所述步骤(1)中,具体方法包括:6. The management method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step (1), the specific methods include: (1-1)闭合手动开关S1,DC/DC供电电路得电,启动主控制器、均衡电路、电压检测电路和温度检测电路;(1-1) Close the manual switch S1, the DC/DC power supply circuit is powered, and start the main controller, equalization circuit, voltage detection circuit and temperature detection circuit; (1-2)电池组中的各电池单体电压若低于最小阈值或大于最大阈值,则保护电路会断开开关Kb,切断DC/DC供电电路,主控制器和均衡电路无电,进而断开所有的开关,实现对电池组的过充、过放强制保护以及均衡保护;(1-2) If the voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is lower than the minimum threshold or greater than the maximum threshold, the protection circuit will turn off the switch Kb, cut off the DC/DC power supply circuit, the main controller and the equalization circuit will have no power, and then Turn off all switches to realize overcharge, overdischarge compulsory protection and equalization protection for the battery pack; (1-3)电池组中的各电池单体电压若在阈值范围之间,主控制器通过电压检测电路获取电池组中各个电池单体的电压,并判断各个电池单体电压是否在最佳范围内;(1-3) If the voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is within the threshold range, the main controller obtains the voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack through the voltage detection circuit, and judges whether the voltage of each battery cell is within the optimal range. within the scope; (1-4)若各个电池单体电压不满足最佳范围,则主控制器控制开关K+、K-和均衡电路的所有开关断开,实现对电池组过充、过放以及均衡的软保护;(1-4) If the voltage of each battery cell does not meet the optimal range, the main controller will control the switches K+, K- and all switches of the equalization circuit to be disconnected, so as to realize the soft protection of overcharge, overdischarge and equalization of the battery pack ; (1-5)若各个电池单体电压满足最佳范围,并判断最大电压差是否大于均衡阈值,若大于,则控制均衡电路对电池组进行均衡;否则,不需要对电池组均衡。(1-5) If the voltage of each battery cell satisfies the optimal range, and judge whether the maximum voltage difference is greater than the equalization threshold, if so, control the equalization circuit to equalize the battery pack; otherwise, it is not necessary to equalize the battery pack. 7.如权利要求6所述的管理方法,其特征是:所述单体电池电压的最小阈值为2V,最大阈值为3.7V,最佳范围为[2.5,3.65],均衡阈值为0.02V。7. The management method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the minimum threshold of the single battery voltage is 2V, the maximum threshold is 3.7V, the optimal range is [2.5, 3.65], and the balance threshold is 0.02V. 8.如权利要求5所述的管理方法,其特征是:所述步骤(2)中,的具体方法包括:8. The management method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step (2), the specific method comprises: (2-1)主控制器根据温度检测电路获取的电池组中各电池单体温度,并判断温度是否在规定值之间,若超过规定值,主控制器断开所有开关,不允许进行充、放电和均衡操作;(2-1) The main controller judges whether the temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack is within the specified value according to the temperature detection circuit. If the temperature exceeds the specified value, the main controller turns off all switches and does not allow charging. , discharge and equalization operations; (2-2)若电池组温度在规定值之间,并判断温度是否超过高温度阈值,若是,则主控制器启动冷却风扇对电池组进行冷却。(2-2) If the temperature of the battery pack is between the specified values, it is judged whether the temperature exceeds the high temperature threshold, and if so, the main controller starts the cooling fan to cool the battery pack. 9.如权利要求8所述的管理方法,其特征是:所述步骤(2)中,规定值为[-25℃,75℃],高温度阈值为55℃。9. The management method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step (2), the specified value is [-25°C, 75°C], and the high temperature threshold is 55°C. 10.如权利要求5所述的管理方法,其特征是:所述步骤(3)中,在充电模式下,主控制器首先控制预充电电路进行预充电:首先闭合开关KF、Kp和K-,10秒后再关断Kp,闭合K+,并保持KF和K-一直导通;充电机通过CAN2总线与主控制器相连,充电机在获取电池组电压、温度、电流信息后,对电池组进行充电操作;在放电模式下,主控制器直接闭合开关KF、K+和K-,再对电池组进行放电操作。10. The management method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step (3), in the charging mode, the main controller first controls the pre-charging circuit to perform pre-charging: firstly close the switches KF, Kp and K- , turn off Kp after 10 seconds, close K+, and keep KF and K- always on; the charger is connected to the main controller through the CAN2 bus, and the charger will charge the battery pack after obtaining the battery pack voltage, temperature, and current information. Carry out the charging operation; in the discharging mode, the main controller directly closes the switches KF, K+ and K-, and then discharges the battery pack.
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