CN104074871A - Water-lubricated ship stern bearing capable of realizing automatic load balancing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-lubricated ship stern bearing capable of realizing automatic load balancing. The stern bearing comprises an inner rubber layer, a first metal shaft sleeve layer, a second metal shaft sleeve layer, a self-adaptive material layer and a third metal shaft sleeve layer from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the self-adaptive material layer is distributed between the second and third metal shaft sleeve layers; the thickness of the self-adaptive material layer changes in a gradient manner along the axial direction of the stern bearing; the stern bearing is adaptively cured and formed with the oblique degree of a ship stern shaft. The invention further discloses the materials and embodiments of work specifications of the self-adaptive material layer, the metal shaft sleeve layers and the inner rubber layer. According to the water-lubricated ship stern bearing capable of realizing automatic load balancing, the rubber layer at the inner side of the water-lubricated stern bearing is uniformly stressed; the bearing has the characteristics of compact structure, operation convenience and automatic load balancing; the control difficulty of abnormal abrasion noise of an existing ship stern bearing is effectively solved.

Description

A marine water-lubricated stern bearing with automatic load equalization function

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship vibration reduction and noise reduction, and more specifically relates to a ship water-lubricated stern bearing with an automatic load balancing function.

Background technique

For ships, the problem of abnormal stern noise will appear to varying degrees under low-speed operating conditions, which will affect the physical and mental health of the crew, and may also adversely affect their sailing performance. The research results show that the abnormal noise at the stern of the ship is not only related to the water lubricating material, but also closely related to the structure of the stern bearing itself.

The water-lubricated stern bearing of ships in the prior art usually adopts a water-lubricated rubber bearing with rubber on the inside and metal structure on the outside, as shown in Figure 1. The design of the rubber structure inside the stern bearing is mainly based on the provided The average load of the bearing is carried out, and the load on the rubber in the bearing designed according to this is the average load, which is often very different from the actual load distribution in use. The reason is: due to the heavy ship propeller 101, the stern shaft 102 is prone to deflection, correspondingly, there is a certain inclination between the two centerlines of the stern shaft 102 and the stern bearing 103, so that the load on the stern bearing 103 is distributed unevenly; It is closer to the stern end, and the load on the bearing is heavier; and closer to the bow end, the load on the bearing is lighter. Since the bearing does not have the function of automatic load equalization, this causes a large uneven load distribution to the rubber inside the stern bearing, which easily leads to abnormal damage to the rubber at the stern end of the bearing in practical applications, which in turn affects the abnormal friction noise of the stern bearing.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a ship water-lubricated stern bearing with automatic load equalization function, in which the key components, structures, setting methods and working specifications of the stern bearing are adjusted according to the application characteristics of the stern bearing. The improvement can make the rubber layer on the inner side of the water-lubricated stern bearing more uniform in force. At the same time, it has the characteristics of compact structure, easy operation and automatic load balancing, which can effectively solve the problem of controlling abnormal friction and noise of the existing ship stern bearing.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a ship water lubricated stern bearing with automatic load balancing function is provided, which is characterized in that the stern bearing comprises an inner rubber layer, a first metal bushing layer, a second A second metal bushing layer, an adaptive material layer and a third metal bushing layer, wherein:

The inner rubber layer is vulcanized directly on the inner surface of the first metal bushing layer, and its inner surface is evenly spaced along the circumferential direction with a plurality of trapezoidal cross-section grooves;

The second metal bushing layer is arranged on the outer surface of the first metal bushing layer, and cured polyurethane rings are respectively arranged between the first and last ends of the second and third metal bushing layers shape structure;

The self-adaptive material layer is filled and accommodated in the cavity composed of the second metal bushing layer, the third metal bushing layer and the cured polyurethane ring structure, and includes a liquid polyurethane material and a set The heating element in it; in this way, when the ship is launched, the heating element is activated and the liquid polyurethane material is heated up, and at the same time it is solidified and molded according to the inclination angle of the ship's stern shaft, thereby forming a thickness along the stern shaft The solidified structural layer whose axial direction changes gradually to realize the function of automatic equalization.

As a further preference, the heating element is preferably a heating rod, and its heating temperature is set at 85°C-90°C.

As a further preference, the inner rubber layer is preferably made of nano-carbon-acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composite material, and the areas where its inner surface is in contact with the stern shaft are respectively planar, thereby contacting the stern shaft in a line contact Frictional contact.

As a further preference, the thickness of the inner rubber layer is preferably set to 8 mm to 15 mm, and its Shore hardness is set to 70A to 80A; the thicknesses of the first, second and third metal bushing layers are respectively It is set as 25mmmm, 10mm and 25mm; and the thickness range of the self-adaptive material layer after curing and molding is between 10mm and 20mm.

Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:

1. Since the water-lubricated stern bearing is additionally equipped with an adaptive material layer and its thickness in the axial direction changes gradually, and it is formed according to the force state of the stern shaft system to automatically adapt to its inclination angle, it can overcome the stern bearing of the prior art. The problem of internal stress concentration caused by uneven force in the axial direction;

2. Through the research on the material and processing methods of the adaptive material layer of the stern bearing and the key parameters that have a great influence on the adaptive function, the obtained stern bearing has good performance for various ships and submersibles. Self-adaptive ability, the test shows that it can better bear the shafting load and absorb the shafting vibration, and effectively eliminate the abnormal friction noise of the stern bearing;

3. By matching and improving the working specifications of the other structural layers of the stern bearing and the adaptive material layer, the test shows that the obtained stern bearing has greater strength, modulus and damping loss, thereby further improving the bearing load and shaft load. Department of vibration absorption capacity;

4. The water-lubricated bearing obtained according to the present invention is compact in structure, easy to process and manufacture, and has the characteristics of automatic load balancing, low noise and long service life, so it is especially suitable as a water-lubricated stern bearing for various ships or submersibles use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the analysis schematic diagram of the prior art stern bearing structure and its load;

Fig. 2a is a structural side view of a water-lubricated stern bearing constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2b is a structural end view of a water-lubricated stern bearing constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same elements or structures, wherein:

1-Inner rubber layer 2-First metal bushing layer 3-Second metal bushing layer 4-Adaptive material layer 41-Cured polyurethane ring structure 42-Polyurethane material in liquid state 5-Third metal bushing Layer 101-propeller 102-stern shaft 103-stern bearing

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

Fig. 2a is a structural side view of a water-lubricated stern bearing constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2b is a structural end view of a water-lubricated stern bearing constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the water-lubricated stern bearing sequentially includes an inner rubber layer 1, a first metal bushing layer 2, a second metal bushing layer 3, an adaptive material layer 4 and a third metal bushing layer from the inside to the outside. The bushing layer 5, thus constituting the bearing structure together, wherein the adaptive material layer 4 is distributed between the second metal bushing layer 3 and the third metal bushing layer 5, and its thickness is along the axis of the stern shaft Gradient changes occur in the direction, and are solidified and molded in accordance with the inclination angle of the ship's stern shaft.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for the above-mentioned inner rubber layer 1, it is preferably made of nano-carbon-acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composite material, and directly vulcanized on the inner surface of the first metal bushing layer 2; For the interaction between the stern shafts, in the present invention, preferably, a plurality of trapezoidal cross-section grooves are evenly distributed on the inner surface along the circumferential direction; in addition, the area where the inner surface contacts the stern shafts can also be particularly It is designed flat so that it is in frictional contact with the stern shaft in line contact.

The material of the first, second and third metal bushing layers 2, 3 and 5 can be selected from bronze, brass, aluminum bronze or steel, and has undergone surface anti-rust treatment; the adaptive material layer 4 is processed In the beginning, it includes a liquid polyurethane material 42 and a heating element arranged therein. Considering the application environment of the ship stern bearing and the applicability of the self-adaptive material layer to this working environment, the solidified polymer ring The structure 41 has a certain height and is made of polyurethane material, and the polymer contained in the cavity is also selected as polyurethane material.

Its main working mechanism is that at normal temperature, the above-mentioned polyurethane mixture is in a liquid state and will not deteriorate, and when heated to an appropriate temperature, the curing and molding reaction will occur rapidly. Specifically, the self-adaptive material layer is filled and accommodated in the cavity composed of the second metal bushing layer 3, the third metal bushing layer 5 and the solidified polymer ring structure 41, when After the ship is launched, a heating element such as a heating rod and equipped with an appropriate circuit element is activated and heats up the liquid polyurethane polymer and at the same time solidifies and molds it according to the inclination angle of the ship's stern shaft, thereby forming a thickness The solidified structure layer with a gradient change along the axial direction of the stern shaft realizes the automatic load equalization function well.

In addition, since the specific parameters of other structural layers besides the self-adaptive material layer also have a great influence on the performance of the final stern bearing, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner rubber layer The thickness is preferably set to 8mm-15mm, and its Shore hardness is set to 70A-80A; the thicknesses of the first, second and third metal bushing layers are respectively set to 25mmmm, 10mm and 25mm; The thickness range of the self-adaptive material layer after curing and molding is between 10 mm and 20 mm. The above specification parameters can make the prepared water-lubricated stern bearing have greater strength, modulus and damping loss. A large number of tests have shown that it can better bear the load of the shaft system and absorb the vibration of the shaft system, and at the same time effectively eliminate the stern bearing abnormal friction noise.

The process of the self-adaptive solidification molding process of the self-adaptive material layer according to the present invention will be explained in detail below.

First, between the second metal bushing layer and the third metal bushing layer, the cured polyurethane ring structure 41 is respectively arranged at the first and last ends; The cavity formed by the polyurethane ring structure 41 is filled with liquid polyurethane material 42. After the ship is launched, the polyurethane material starts the heating device to undergo a curing reaction. During the curing reaction, it can be kept compatible with the inclination angle of the stern shaft, thus forming a thickness An adaptive material layer with a gradient change along the axial direction of the stern shaft.

To sum up, the marine water-lubricated bearing of the present invention, through the research and design of its structure, is equipped with an adaptive material layer and its thickness in the axial direction changes gradually, so that it can automatically adapt to its It is shaped at an inclined angle, which can overcome the problem of internal stress concentration caused by the uneven axial force of the stern bearing in the prior art. The stern bearing has a compact structure, is easy to process and manufacture, and has the characteristics of automatic load balancing, low noise and long service life, so it is especially suitable for use as a water-lubricated stern bearing for ships.

It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. one kind possesses the boats and ships Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearing System of even year function automatically, it is characterized in that, this stern bearing comprises inner rubber layer (1), the first metal shaft jacket layer (2), the second metal shaft jacket layer (3), self adaption material layer (4) and the 3rd metal shaft jacket layer (5) from inside to outside successively, wherein:

Described inner rubber layer (1) directly vulcanizes the internal surface at described the first metal shaft jacket layer (2), and its internal surface is evenly intervally distributed with multiple grooves that are trapezoidal cross-section along circumferential direction;

Described the second metal shaft jacket layer (3) is arranged on the outer surface of described the first metal shaft jacket layer (2), and be respectively arranged with curing polyurethane ring-type structure (41) between second, third both head and the tail two ends of metal shaft jacket layer (3,5);

Within described self adaption material layer (4) is filled and is contained in the cavity being jointly made up of described the second metal shaft jacket layer, the 3rd metal shaft jacket layer and curing polyurethane ring-type structure (41), and comprise the polyurethane material (42) being in a liquid state and heating element is wherein set; In this way, after ship launching, heating element starts and the polyurethane material being in a liquid state (42) is heated up, simultaneously according to the angle of inclination of screw shaft of ship solidifying adaptably with it, form thus consolidated structures layer that thickness changes in gradient along the axial direction of stern tube shaft to realize even year function automatically.

2. boats and ships Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearing System as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described heating element is preferably heating stick, and its heating-up temperature is set to 85 DEG C-90 DEG C.

3. boats and ships Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearing System as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described inner rubber layer (1) preferably adopts nano-sized carbon-nitile-butadiene rubber composite material to make, and the region that its internal surface contacts with stern tube shaft is respectively plane, the mode and the stern tube shaft rubbing contact that contact with line thus.

4. the boats and ships Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearing System as described in claim 1-3 any one, is characterized in that, the thickness of described inner rubber layer is preferably set to 8mm～15mm, and its shore hardness is set to 70A～80A; The thickness of described first, second, and third metal shaft jacket layer is set to respectively 25mmmm, 10mm and 25mm; And the thickness range that completes the described self adaption material layer after solidifying is between 10mm～20mm.