CN104067987B - Method for raising growing and fattening pigs with movable pig house - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
一、技术领域 1. Technical field
本发明涉及用可移动猪舍饲养生长育肥猪的方法,属于畜牧工程领域,用于集约化猪场设计和使用。 The invention relates to a method for raising growing and fattening pigs in a movable pig house, belongs to the field of animal husbandry engineering, and is used for the design and use of intensive pig farms.
二、背景技术 2. Background technology
传统的圈舍都是砖混或砖木结构,并对地面进行了固化,一旦养猪场放弃以后,场地不能有效地复耕。在我国特别是江苏人多地少,养猪业固化土地和耕地出现矛盾,养猪场长时间在一个地方也带来疫病控制问题。研制适合我国特点的经济型可移动猪舍,构件可拆卸、移动,有利于种、养轮换,不破坏耕地和环境,也有利于疫病防控,是符合规模化生态环保型猪场建设的要求。 Traditional pens are all brick-concrete or brick-wood structures, and the ground has been solidified. Once the pig farm is abandoned, the site cannot be effectively recultivated. In my country, especially in Jiangsu, where there are many people and little land, there is a contradiction between solidified land and arable land in the pig farming industry, and the long-term presence of pig farms in one place also brings problems in disease control. The development of an economical movable pig house suitable for the characteristics of our country, the components can be disassembled and moved, is conducive to the rotation of planting and breeding, does not damage the cultivated land and the environment, and is also conducive to the prevention and control of diseases, which is in line with the requirements for the construction of large-scale ecological and environmentally friendly pig farms .
可移动经济型生长育肥猪舍是一种新型猪舍模式,适应国际上舍饲散养体系的发展趋势,采用构件化设计,不固化土地、减少猪场建设用地审批手续,不破坏耕地和环境,适合于江苏及其周边地区推广应用。该新型猪舍构件均可拆卸组装移动,经常移动有利于种、养轮换,粪尿作为有机肥不对环境产生污染,经常移动也有利于疫病防控,符合适度规模化生态环保型猪场建设的要求。该猪舍造价较低,易推广。猪舍设计可抗9-10级风,抗雪荷载≤15Kg/㎡。随着在养猪生产中示范推广,可移动经济型猪舍前景看好。 The movable and economical growing and finishing pig house is a new type of pig house model, which adapts to the development trend of the international free-range feeding system. It adopts component design, does not solidify the land, reduces the approval procedures for the construction of pig farms, and does not damage the cultivated land and the environment. , suitable for promotion and application in Jiangsu and its surrounding areas. The components of the new pig house can be disassembled, assembled and moved. Frequent movement is conducive to the rotation of planting and breeding. As organic fertilizer, excrement and urine will not pollute the environment. Frequent movement is also conducive to disease prevention and control, which is in line with the construction of moderate-scale ecological and environmental protection pig farms. Require. The pig house is low in cost and easy to promote. The design of the pig house can resist 9-10 winds, and the anti-snow load is ≤15Kg/㎡. With the demonstration and promotion in pig production, the prospect of movable economical pig houses is promising.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
技术问题 technical problem
本发明的目的是提供用可移动猪舍饲养生长育肥猪的方法,所设计可移动猪舍构件均可拆卸、移动,不固化土地,不破坏耕地和环境,有利于种、养轮换,经常移动有利于疫病防控,建设成本也大为降低。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for raising growing and fattening pigs with a movable pig house. The designed movable pig house components can be disassembled and moved without solidifying the land, without damaging the cultivated land and the environment, which is conducive to the rotation of planting and raising, and can be moved frequently It is conducive to epidemic prevention and control, and the construction cost is also greatly reduced.
技术方案 Technical solutions
用可移动猪舍饲养生长育肥猪的方法,其特征在于: The method for raising growing and fattening pigs with a movable pig house is characterized in that:
(一)可移动猪舍大棚设计: (1) Design of movable pig house greenhouse:
可移动猪舍大棚由镀锌管猪舍大棚架(1)和覆盖材料组成;顶部通风窗(5)采用错位通风采光结构,高度0.6m,采用卷帘通风,通风处薄膜为8丝薄膜,可通风和采光; The movable pig house shed is composed of galvanized pipe pig house shed frame (1) and covering materials; the top ventilation window (5) adopts a misplaced ventilation and lighting structure, with a height of 0.6m, and adopts roller shutters for ventilation. ventilation and lighting;
前后两侧设带自锁装置的手动卷膜通风窗(6),卷膜高度约1米,通风窗(6)宽度为猪舍长度,上膜后拱管间用压膜绳扣压,可根据气温调节卷膜高度; There are manual roll film ventilation windows (6) with self-locking devices on the front and rear sides. The roll film height is about 1 meter, and the ventilation window (6) width is the length of the pig house. The temperature adjusts the height of the roll film;
猪舍大棚两侧另加设挂帘(7),以备冬季或气温低时使用; Hanging curtains (7) are additionally installed on both sides of the pig house greenhouse for use in winter or when the temperature is low;
顶部覆盖材料由外塑料膜(2),中间带保温棉3-5cm(3),内塑料膜(4)构成; The top covering material is composed of an outer plastic film (2), with insulation cotton 3-5cm in the middle (3), and an inner plastic film (4);
两侧覆盖材料采用国产单层长寿膜覆盖; The covering materials on both sides are covered with domestic single-layer longevity film;
猪舍两端各设单开门(8)2套,一端安装风机(9),另一端安装湿帘(10)或安装风机(9)。. Two sets of single doors (8) are provided at both ends of the pig house, a fan (9) is installed at one end, and a wet curtain (10) or a fan (9) is installed at the other end. .
所述猪舍大棚规格尺寸:栋宽10.5米,档距0.8米,肩高1.9至2.2米,顶高5.0米,长度可根据实际需要; The specifications and dimensions of the pig house greenhouse: the building width is 10.5 meters, the span is 0.8 meters, the shoulder height is 1.9 to 2.2 meters, the top height is 5.0 meters, and the length can be based on actual needs;
所述猪舍大棚棚架拱管、斜拉撑采用φ32X2的热镀锌圆管,中间立柱为60X60X2的热镀锌方管,顶部纵向桁架为50X30X2镀锌管,侧面二道纵拉管均采用φ25X1.5的热镀锌圆管; The arch tubes and cable stays of the piggery shed are made of φ32X2 hot-dip galvanized round tubes, the middle column is a 60X60X2 hot-dip galvanized square tube, the top longitudinal truss is a 50X30X2 galvanized tube, and the two side longitudinal tubes are all made of φ25X1.5 hot-dip galvanized round tube;
采用温室专用热镀锌卡槽,卡槽厚度0.7毫米,布置在大棚二侧,每侧2道,包塑卡丝固定薄膜;连接件均采用镀锌处理;大棚棚架直接插入地下,不用制作基础,地桩为20cmX20cmX40cm水泥柱,间隔160cm; Special hot-dip galvanized card slots for greenhouses are adopted, with a thickness of 0.7 mm. They are arranged on both sides of the greenhouse, with 2 lanes on each side, and the plastic-coated wires are used to fix the film; the connecting parts are all galvanized; the greenhouse scaffolding is directly inserted into the ground without making Foundation, ground piles are 20cmX20cmX40cm cement columns, with an interval of 160cm;
每座猪舍大棚设单开门(8)4套,门尺寸的为0.9m宽*1.8m高,位于猪舍大棚两端靠边,门框为镀锌管,门上覆盖15丝长寿膜。 Each pig house shed has 4 sets of single doors (8). The door size is 0.9m wide * 1.8m high. It is located at both ends of the pig house shed.
挂帘(7)由外塑料膜(2),中间带保温棉3-5cm(3),内塑料膜(4)构成,同顶部覆盖材料;高1.2米,采用绳索直接连接在猪舍大棚前后二侧棚架钢管挂钩上; The hanging curtain (7) is composed of an outer plastic film (2), an insulating cotton 3-5cm (3) in the middle, and an inner plastic film (4), which is the same as the top covering material; the height is 1.2 meters, and it is directly connected to the front and back of the pig shed by ropes On the steel pipe hooks of the scaffolding on both sides;
每栋猪舍大棚布置2台环流风机,安装在猪舍一端,另一端安装湿帘或安装2台环流风机,和另一端风机交错对吹,环流风机风量:4000m3/h,全压:149Pa,功率:120W。 Each pig house greenhouse is equipped with 2 circulation fans, which are installed at one end of the pig house, and the other end is equipped with a wet curtain or 2 circulation fans, which are blown alternately with the fans at the other end. The air volume of the circulation fan: 4000m 3 /h, the total pressure: 149Pa , Power: 120W.
(二)生长育肥猪饲养方法: (2) Feeding methods for growing and finishing pigs:
生长育肥猪是指保育后至上市阶段,年龄一般是3月龄至6月龄; Growing and fattening pigs refer to the stage from nursery to market, and the age is generally 3 months to 6 months;
春秋两季:1)气温低于10度时使用两侧的挂帘(7);2)开启顶部的通风窗;3)白天气温大于20度时,开启两侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6)来调节气温,夜晚气温于10度时关闭两侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6); Spring and autumn: 1) When the temperature is lower than 10 degrees, use the curtains on both sides (7); 2) Open the ventilation window on the top; 3) When the daytime temperature is higher than 20 degrees, open the manual roll-up ventilation window on both sides (6) ) to adjust the temperature, close the manual film ventilation windows (6) on both sides when the night temperature is 10 degrees;
夏季:1)不用两侧的挂帘(7);2)开启顶部通风窗(5);3)开启两侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6);4)中午气温大于35度时,放下两侧的塑料膜卷帘,关上顶部的通风窗(5),开启带风机系统(9)和湿帘系统(10)来降温。 Summer: 1) Do not use the hanging curtains (7) on both sides; 2) Open the top ventilation window (5); 3) Open the manual roll-up ventilation windows (6) on both sides; 4) When the temperature is greater than 35 degrees at noon, put down the two The plastic film roller blind on the side, close the ventilation window (5) on the top, and open the fan system (9) and wet curtain system (10) to cool down.
冬季:1)使用两侧的挂帘(7);2)顶部通风窗(5)部分开启,用来换气;3)南侧的挂帘(7)在晴天气温大于10度取下,南侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6)稍许开启,以便换气和阳光进入舍内。 Winter: 1) Use the hanging curtains (7) on both sides; 2) Partially open the top ventilation window (5) for ventilation; 3) Remove the hanging curtains (7) on the south side when the temperature is higher than The manual roll film ventilation window (6) on the side is opened slightly, so that ventilation and sunlight can enter the house.
有益效果 Beneficial effect
目前猪场建设由于是固化设施,建设用地需要报国土部门审批,本发明可拆卸移动,不固化土地,解决了目前工厂化养猪与耕地的矛盾。猪舍长时间固定在一个地方,猪疫病较多,若猪舍经常移动换新地方,可减少疫病的发生。与传统的砖混等猪舍相比,本发明可移动经济型猪舍,成本大大降低;传统的砖混等结构猪舍,目前每平方米约750元,可移动经济型猪舍每平方约250元,仅为砖混等结果猪舍的三分之一左右。 At present, the construction of pig farms is a solidified facility, and the construction land needs to be reported to the land department for approval. The invention can be disassembled and moved without solidifying the land, which solves the contradiction between the current industrialized pig farming and cultivated land. The pig house is fixed in one place for a long time, and there are many pig diseases. If the pig house is often moved to a new place, the occurrence of the disease can be reduced. Compared with the traditional brick-concrete pig house, the cost of the movable economic pig house of the present invention is greatly reduced; the traditional brick-concrete pig house is currently about 750 yuan per square meter, and the movable economic pig house is about 750 yuan per square meter. 250 yuan, which is only about one-third of the brick-and-concrete pig house.
本发明经过江苏省洪泽鑫象猪业有限公司,南京宏伟畜牧科技有限公司等猪场使用,达到了预期效果。与砖混结构等猪舍相比较,舍内温度有2-3度的差异,湿度、风速及有害气体更优。养猪效果方面见表1,生长速度、料肉比无显著差异。 The present invention has been used in pig farms such as Jiangsu Hongze Xinxiang Pig Industry Co., Ltd., Nanjing Hongwei Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., and achieved the desired effect. Compared with pig houses with brick-concrete structure, the temperature inside the house has a difference of 2-3 degrees, and the humidity, wind speed and harmful gases are better. See Table 1 for the effect of raising pigs, and there was no significant difference in growth rate and feed-to-meat ratio.
表1养猪效果对比研究 Table 1 Comparative study on the effects of raising pigs
四、附图说明4. Description of drawings
图1可移动经济型生长育肥猪舍侧面 Figure 1 The side of the movable and economical grow-finish pig house
图2可移动经济型生长育肥猪舍另一侧面 Figure 2 The other side of the movable economical grow-finish pig house
1-镀锌管钢架;2-外塑料膜;3-中间带保温棉;4-内塑料膜;5-顶部通风窗;6-手动卷膜通风窗;7-挂帘;8-单开门;9-风机;10-湿帘。 1-Galvanized pipe steel frame; 2-Outer plastic film; 3-Insulation cotton in the middle; 4-Inner plastic film; 5-Top ventilation window; 6-Manual rolling film ventilation window; ; 9-fan; 10-wet curtain.
五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
用可移动猪舍饲养生长育肥猪的方法,其特征在于: The method for raising growing and fattening pigs with a movable pig house is characterized in that:
(一)可移动猪舍大棚设计: (1) Design of movable pig house greenhouse:
可移动猪舍大棚由镀锌管猪舍大棚架(1)和覆盖材料组成;顶部通风窗(5)采用错位通风采光结构,高度0.6m,采用卷帘通风,通风处薄膜为8丝薄膜,可通风和采光; The movable pig house shed is composed of galvanized pipe pig house shed frame (1) and covering materials; the top ventilation window (5) adopts a misplaced ventilation and lighting structure, with a height of 0.6m, and adopts roller shutters for ventilation. ventilation and lighting;
前后两侧设带自锁装置的手动卷膜通风窗(6),卷膜高度约1米,通风窗(6)宽度为猪舍长度,上膜后拱管间用压膜绳扣压,可根据气温调节卷膜高度; There are manual roll film ventilation windows (6) with self-locking devices on the front and rear sides. The roll film height is about 1 meter, and the ventilation window (6) width is the length of the pig house. The temperature adjusts the height of the roll film;
通风窗(6)两侧另加设挂帘(7),以备冬季或气温低时使用; Hanging curtains (7) are additionally installed on both sides of the ventilation window (6) for use in winter or when the temperature is low;
顶部覆盖材料由外塑料膜(2),中间带保温棉3-5cm(3),内塑料膜(4)构成; The top covering material is composed of an outer plastic film (2), with insulation cotton 3-5cm in the middle (3), and an inner plastic film (4);
两侧覆盖材料采用国产单层长寿膜覆盖; The covering materials on both sides are covered with domestic single-layer longevity film;
猪舍两端各设单开门(8)2套,一端安装风机(9),另一端安装湿帘(10)或安装风机(9)。 Two sets of single doors (8) are provided at both ends of the pig house, a fan (9) is installed at one end, and a wet curtain (10) or a fan (9) is installed at the other end.
所述猪舍大棚规格尺寸:栋宽10.5米,档距0.8米,肩高1.9至2.2米,顶高5.0米,长度可根据实际需要; The specifications and dimensions of the pig house greenhouse: the building width is 10.5 meters, the span is 0.8 meters, the shoulder height is 1.9 to 2.2 meters, the top height is 5.0 meters, and the length can be based on actual needs;
所述猪舍大棚棚架拱管、斜拉撑采用φ32X2的热镀锌圆管,中间立柱为60X60X2的热镀锌方管,顶部纵向桁架为50X30X2镀锌管,侧面二道纵拉管均采用φ25X1.5的热镀锌圆管; The arch tubes and cable stays of the pig house shed are made of φ32X2 hot-dip galvanized round tubes, the middle column is a 60X60X2 hot-dip galvanized square tube, the top longitudinal truss is a 50X30X2 galvanized tube, and the two side longitudinal tubes are all made of φ25X1.5 hot-dip galvanized round tube;
采用温室专用热镀锌卡槽,卡槽厚度0.7毫米,布置在大棚二侧,每侧2道,包塑卡丝固定薄膜;连接件均采用镀锌处理;大棚棚架直接插入地下,不用制作基础,地桩为20cmX20cmX40cm水泥柱,每2档拱管(间隔160cm)设置一个地桩; Special hot-dip galvanized card slots for greenhouses are adopted, with a thickness of 0.7 mm. They are arranged on both sides of the greenhouse, with 2 lanes on each side, and the plastic-coated wires are used to fix the film; the connecting parts are all galvanized; the greenhouse scaffolding is directly inserted into the ground without making For the foundation, the ground pile is a 20cmX20cmX40cm cement column, and a ground pile is set for every two arches (160cm apart);
每座猪舍大棚设单开门(8)4套,门尺寸的为0.9m宽*1.8m高,位于猪舍大棚两端靠边,门框为镀锌管,门上覆盖15丝长寿膜。 Each pig house shed has 4 sets of single doors (8). The door size is 0.9m wide * 1.8m high. It is located at both ends of the pig house shed.
挂帘(7)由外塑料膜(2),中间带保温棉3-5cm(3),内塑料膜(4)构成,结构同顶部覆盖材料;高1.2米,采用绳索直接连接在猪舍大棚前后二侧棚架钢管挂钩上; The hanging curtain (7) is composed of an outer plastic film (2), a 3-5cm thermal insulation cotton (3) in the middle, and an inner plastic film (4). The structure is the same as the top covering material; the height is 1.2 meters, and it is directly connected to the pig shed by a rope On the steel pipe hooks on the front and rear sides of the scaffold;
每栋猪舍大棚布置2台环流风机,安装在猪舍一端,另一端安装湿帘或安装2台环流风机,和另一端风机交错对吹,环流风机风量:4000m3/h,全压:149Pa,功率:120W。 Each pig house greenhouse is equipped with 2 circulation fans, which are installed at one end of the pig house, and the other end is equipped with a wet curtain or 2 circulation fans, which are blown alternately with the fans at the other end. The air volume of the circulation fan: 4000m 3 /h, the total pressure: 149Pa , Power: 120W.
(二)生长育肥猪饲养方法: (2) Feeding methods for growing and finishing pigs:
生长育肥猪是指保育后至上市阶段,年龄一般是3月龄至6月龄; Growing and fattening pigs refer to the stage from nursery to market, and the age is generally 3 months to 6 months;
春秋两季:1)气温低于10度时使用两侧的挂帘(7);2)开启顶部的通风窗;3)白天气温大于20度时,开启两侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6)来调节气温,夜晚气温于10度时关闭两侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6); Spring and autumn: 1) When the temperature is lower than 10 degrees, use the curtains on both sides (7); 2) Open the ventilation window on the top; 3) When the daytime temperature is higher than 20 degrees, open the manual roll-up ventilation window on both sides (6) ) to adjust the temperature, close the manual film ventilation windows (6) on both sides when the night temperature is 10 degrees;
夏季:1)不用两侧的挂帘(7);2)开启顶部通风窗(5);3)开启两侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6);4)中午气温大于35度时,放下两侧的塑料膜卷帘,关上顶部的通风窗(5),开启带风机系统(9)和湿帘系统(10)来降温。 Summer: 1) Do not use the hanging curtains (7) on both sides; 2) Open the top ventilation window (5); 3) Open the manual roll-up ventilation windows (6) on both sides; 4) When the temperature is greater than 35 degrees at noon, put down the two The plastic film roller blind on the side, close the ventilation window (5) on the top, and open the fan system (9) and wet curtain system (10) to cool down.
冬季:1)使用两侧的挂帘(7);2)顶部通风窗(5)部分开启,用来换气;3)南侧的挂帘(7)在晴天气温大于10度时取下,南侧的手动卷膜通风窗(6)稍许开启,以便换气和阳光进入舍内。 Winter: 1) Use the hanging curtains (7) on both sides; 2) Partially open the top ventilation window (5) for ventilation; 3) Remove the hanging curtains (7) on the south side when the temperature is higher than 10 degrees on sunny days, The manual roll film ventilation window (6) on the south side is opened slightly so that ventilation and sunlight can enter the house.
(一)探索过程(1) Exploration process
1.初步设计1. Preliminary design
初步设计是借鉴蔬菜大棚设计原理,尺寸符合养猪要求,顶部增加开启天窗,两侧增加手动卷帘,内部满足双列猪舍要求。 The preliminary design is based on the design principles of vegetable greenhouses. The size meets the requirements for raising pigs. A skylight is added on the top, manual roller shutters are added on both sides, and the interior meets the requirements of a double row pig house.
(1)抗风荷载:≤20m/s;抗雪荷载:≤10Kg/㎡;悬挂荷载:无。 (1) Wind load: ≤20m/s; Snow load: ≤10Kg/㎡; Suspension load: None.
骨架:拱管、斜拉撑采用φ32X1.5的热镀锌圆管,三道纵拉管均采用φ25X1.2的热镀锌圆管。采用温室专用热镀锌卡槽,卡槽厚度0.7毫米,布置在大棚二侧,每侧2道,包塑卡丝固定薄膜;间隔5米一道拉杆;连接件均采用镀锌处理大棚骨架直接插入地下,不用制作基础。地桩为20cmX20cmX40cm水泥柱,每2档拱管(间隔160cm)设置一个地桩; Skeleton: φ32X1.5 hot-dip galvanized round tubes are used for arch tubes and diagonal stays, and φ25X1.2 hot-dip galvanized round tubes are used for the three longitudinal stretch tubes. Greenhouse-specific hot-dip galvanized card slots are used, with a thickness of 0.7 mm. They are arranged on both sides of the greenhouse, with 2 lanes on each side, plastic-coated wires to fix the film; a tie rod at an interval of 5 meters; the connectors are all galvanized and directly inserted into the greenhouse frame Underground, without making a foundation. The ground pile is a 20cmX20cmX40cm cement column, and one ground pile is set for every two arches (160cm apart);
(2)覆盖材料用的是单层长寿膜,外加遮阳网。 (2) The covering material is a single-layer longevity film, plus a sunshade net.
(3)经过1年养猪测试,结果如下: (3) After one year of pig breeding test, the results are as follows:
表2大棚猪舍温度与传统猪舍和室外各月平均温度的变化 Table 2 Changes in the temperature of the greenhouse pig house and the monthly average temperature of the traditional pig house and outdoor
注:大写字母为差异极显著,P<0.01;小写字母为差异显著,P<0.05 Note: Capital letters indicate extremely significant differences, P<0.01; lowercase letters indicate significant differences, P<0.05
大棚猪舍舍温季节性变化与舍外温度接近,与传统猪舍室温相差加大,尤其是夏季和冬季,不利于养猪。 The seasonal change of the temperature in the greenhouse pig house is close to the temperature outside the house, and the room temperature difference with the traditional pig house increases, especially in summer and winter, which is not conducive to raising pigs.
表3大棚猪舍各季度昼夜温差的变化 Table 3 Changes in the temperature difference between day and night in greenhouse pig houses in each season
注:大写字母为差异极显著,P<0.01;小写字母为差异显著,P<0.05 Note: Capital letters indicate extremely significant differences, P<0.01; lowercase letters indicate significant differences, P<0.05
大棚猪舍舍温昼夜温差较大,与舍外温度接近,高于传统猪舍,不利于养猪。 The temperature difference between day and night in the greenhouse pig house is large, which is close to the temperature outside the house and higher than that of the traditional pig house, which is not conducive to raising pigs.
表4大棚猪舍湿度与传统猪舍和室外各月平均湿度的变化 Table 4 Humidity of greenhouse pig house and traditional pig house and outdoor monthly average humidity changes
注:大写字母为差异极显著,P<0.01;小写字母为差异显著,P<0.05 Note: Capital letters indicate extremely significant differences, P<0.01; lowercase letters indicate significant differences, P<0.05
大棚猪舍舍内湿度与室外接近,高于传统猪舍。 The humidity in the greenhouse pig house is close to that of the outdoor, which is higher than that of the traditional pig house.
表5大棚猪舍氨气浓度的变化 Table 5 Changes in ammonia concentration in pig houses in greenhouses
注:大写字母表示差异极显著,P<0.01 Note: Capital letters indicate extremely significant difference, P<0.01
大棚猪舍舍内氨气浓度小于传统猪舍,有利于养猪。 The ammonia concentration in the greenhouse pig house is lower than that in the traditional pig house, which is beneficial to raising pigs.
表6夏季大棚舍内的风速值 Table 6 The wind speed value in the greenhouse in summer
注:大写字母为差异极显著,P<0.01;小写字母为差异显著,P<0.05 Note: Capital letters indicate extremely significant differences, P<0.01; lowercase letters indicate significant differences, P<0.05
大棚猪舍舍内风速高于传统猪舍,有利于养猪。 The wind speed in the greenhouse pig house is higher than that of the traditional pig house, which is conducive to raising pigs.
2.优化改进2. Optimization and improvement
基于上述研究,对大棚猪舍进行了优化设计。 Based on the above research, the optimal design of the greenhouse pig house was carried out.
(1)保留大棚猪舍设计的优点,对其缺点进行改进,达到适合养猪的效果 (1) Retain the advantages of the pig house design in the greenhouse and improve its shortcomings to achieve the effect suitable for raising pigs
(2)提高抗雪和悬挂荷载 (2) Improve snow resistance and suspension load
(3)覆盖材料采用“长寿膜+保温棉+长寿膜”,两侧采用“长寿膜+保温棉+长寿膜”挂帘(即保温又方便操作)。 (3) The covering material adopts "longevity film + thermal insulation cotton + longevity film", and "longevity film + thermal insulation cotton + longevity film" hanging curtains are used on both sides (that is, heat preservation and convenient operation).
(4)增加风机和湿帘系统,有利于夏季降温 (4) Increase the fan and wet curtain system, which is conducive to cooling in summer
优化后的猪舍再进行测试和再改进,形成本发明,本发明的可移动经济型猪舍不仅能满足饲养生产育肥猪效果,而且可拆卸移动,造价较低。 The optimized pig house is tested and further improved to form the present invention. The movable economical pig house of the present invention can not only meet the effect of raising and producing fattening pigs, but also can be disassembled and moved with low cost.
(二)定型的方法和技术(2) Methods and techniques for stereotypes
A、猪舍主体结构A. The main structure of the pig house
1、猪舍性能指标。 1. Pig house performance indicators.
(1)抗风荷载:≤20m/s (1) Wind load: ≤20m/s
(2)抗雪荷载:≤15Kg/㎡ (2) Anti-snow load: ≤15Kg/㎡
(3)悬挂荷载:≤0.15N/㎡ (3) Suspension load: ≤0.15N/㎡
2、建设的技术要求 2. Technical requirements for construction
规格:10.5米跨度,拱管为Ф32镀锌圆管拱间距0.8米;顶高约5.0米;肩高约1.8-2.2米;左右边侧共4道卡槽;顶部采用错位结构,两边设带自锁装置的手动卷膜通风系统,卷膜高度约1米,上膜后拱管间用压膜绳扣压,两端安装门。 Specifications: span of 10.5 meters, the arch tube is Ф32 galvanized round tube with an arch spacing of 0.8 meters; the top height is about 5.0 meters; the shoulder height is about 1.8-2.2 meters; there are 4 card slots on the left and right sides; Manual roll-up ventilation system with self-locking device, the roll-up height is about 1 meter, and the film-pressing rope is buckled between the arch tubes after the film is applied, and doors are installed at both ends.
3、具体建设要求 3. Specific construction requirements
结构简单、安装方便、造价低廉等优点。主要适合风雪较小地区。 It has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and low cost. It is mainly suitable for areas with less wind and snow.
(1)规格尺寸 (1) Specifications and dimensions
栋宽-10.5米,档距-0.8米,肩高约-1.8至2.2米,顶高约-5.0米。长度可根据实际需要。 The building width is -10.5 meters, the span is -0.8 meters, the shoulder height is about -1.8 to 2.2 meters, and the top height is about -5.0 meters. The length can be according to actual needs.
(2)骨架材料 (2) Skeleton material
棚架拱管、斜拉撑采用φ32X2的热镀锌圆管,中间立柱为60X60X2的热镀锌方管,顶部纵向桁架为50X30X2镀锌管,侧面二道纵拉管均采用φ25X1.5的热镀锌圆管; Scaffold arch tubes and cable stays are made of φ32X2 hot-dip galvanized round tubes, the middle columns are 60X60X2 hot-dip galvanized square tubes, the top longitudinal trusses are 50X30X2 galvanized tubes, and the two side longitudinal tubes are all made of φ25X1.5 hot-dip galvanized square tubes. Galvanized round pipe;
采用温室专用热镀锌卡槽,卡槽厚度0.7毫米,布置在大棚二侧,每侧2道,包塑卡丝固定薄膜;连接件均采用镀锌处理 Greenhouse-specific hot-dip galvanized card slots are used, with a thickness of 0.7 mm, arranged on both sides of the greenhouse, with 2 lanes on each side, and plastic-coated wires to fix the film; the connecting parts are all galvanized
骨架直接插入地下,不用制作基础。地桩每2档一个; The skeleton is inserted directly into the ground without making a foundation. Ground piles every 2 gears;
(3)通风 (3) ventilation
两侧通风窗采用手动通风,高度约1米。顶部采用手动通风,高度约0.6米,卷帘通风处薄膜为8丝薄膜,防老化。 The ventilation windows on both sides adopt manual ventilation, and the height is about 1 meter. The top adopts manual ventilation, and the height is about 0.6 meters. The film at the ventilation part of the roller shutter is 8 silk film, which is anti-aging.
(4)覆盖材料 (4) Covering material
顶部采用膜+保温棉+膜,两侧采用国产单层长寿膜覆盖,密闭性能好,使用寿命长,采用国产压膜线固定,抗风性能好。 The top is made of film + thermal insulation cotton + film, and the two sides are covered with domestic single-layer longevity film, which has good airtight performance and long service life. It is fixed by domestic lamination line and has good wind resistance.
(5)门 (5) door
每座猪舍设单开门4套,门尺寸的为0.9(宽)*1.8(高),位于两端靠边,门框为镀锌管,覆盖薄膜。 Each pig house has 4 sets of single doors, the size of the door is 0.9 (width)*1.8 (height), and it is located at both ends. The door frame is galvanized pipe and covered with film.
(6)两侧挂帘(内有保温棉) (6) Hanging curtains on both sides (with insulation cotton inside)
冬季为了保温,在猪舍大棚前后两侧增设挂帘(7),挂帘(7)由外塑料膜(2),中间带保温棉3-5cm(3),内塑料膜(4)构成,结构同顶部覆盖材料;高1.2米,采用绳索直接连接在猪舍大棚前后二侧棚架钢管挂钩上; In order to keep warm in winter, add hanging curtains (7) on the front and rear sides of the pig house greenhouse. The hanging curtains (7) are composed of outer plastic film (2), 3-5cm insulation cotton in the middle (3), and inner plastic film (4). The structure is the same as the top covering material; the height is 1.2 meters, and the rope is directly connected to the steel pipe hooks on the front and rear sides of the pig shed;
B、环流风机系统B. Circulation fan system
采用国内名牌产品,具有运行寿命长,耗电省,噪音低,维修方便等特点。风机的设计兼顾了作物对风速的要求。 Using domestic famous brand products, it has the characteristics of long operating life, low power consumption, low noise and convenient maintenance. The design of the fan takes into account the requirements of the crops on the wind speed.
1.环流风机的作用: 1. The function of the circulation fan:
提高温室内温度的均匀性,提高温室内湿度的均匀性。 Improve the uniformity of temperature in the greenhouse and the uniformity of humidity in the greenhouse.
2.环流风机的参数 2. Parameters of circulation fan
风量:4000m3/h,全压:149Pa,功率:120W。 Air volume: 4000m 3 /h, total pressure: 149Pa, power: 120W.
3.环流风机和湿帘的数量和布局 3. Quantity and layout of circulation fans and wet curtains
每栋布置2台环流风机,安装在猪舍一端,另一端安装湿帘(也可安装2台环流风机,和另一端风机交错对吹)。 Each building is equipped with 2 circulation fans, installed at one end of the pig house, and a wet curtain is installed at the other end (2 circulation fans can also be installed to blow against the fan at the other end).
C、系统配电:C. System power distribution:
1、温室主要电负荷如表(单座): 1. The main electrical load of the greenhouse is shown in the table (single seat):
2、简单说明 2. Brief description
(1)主要负荷如上表; (1) The main load is as shown in the above table;
(2)要求外部电源线引至每栋舍内; (2) Require external power lines to be led to each building;
(3)用户将三相五线电源接进舍内电控箱上,电源上下波动不超过±10%,电气设备使用环境温度-10℃~40℃。 (3) The user connects the three-phase five-wire power supply to the electric control box in the house, the fluctuation of the power supply does not exceed ±10%, and the ambient temperature of the electrical equipment is -10°C to 40°C.
(三)生长育肥猪饲养 (3) Feeding of growing and finishing pigs
生长育肥猪是指保育后至上市阶段,年龄一般是3月龄至6月龄。 Growing and finishing pigs refer to the stage from nursery to market, and the age is generally 3 months to 6 months.
1.春秋两季 1. Spring and Autumn
气温适合猪的生长需要,管理上做好通风换气,保持舍内空气的新鲜度,减少昼夜温差对猪的刺激。实际做法:(1)不用两侧的挂帘,除非气温低于10度时;(2)开启顶部的通风窗;(3)白天气温大于20度,可用两侧的塑料膜开启大小来调节,夜晚气温(低于10度)较低时可关闭两侧的塑料膜。 The temperature is suitable for the growth needs of the pigs, and the management should be well ventilated to maintain the freshness of the air in the house and reduce the stimulation of the temperature difference between day and night to the pigs. Actual practice: (1) Do not use the hanging curtains on both sides, unless the temperature is lower than 10 degrees; (2) Open the ventilation window at the top; (3) When the daytime temperature is greater than 20 degrees, you can use the opening size of the plastic film on both sides to adjust, The plastic films on both sides can be closed when the night temperature (less than 10 degrees) is low.
2.夏季 2. Summer
夏季气温高,要做好通风和降温工作。实际做法:(1)不用两侧的挂帘;(2)开启顶部的通风窗;(3)开启两侧的塑料膜卷帘;(4)中午气温大于35度特别高时,放下两侧的塑料膜卷帘,关上顶部的通风窗,开启风机和湿帘系统来降温。 In summer, the temperature is high, and ventilation and cooling work must be done well. Actual method: (1) Do not use the hanging curtains on both sides; (2) Open the ventilation window on the top; (3) Open the plastic film roller blinds on both sides; (4) When the temperature is higher than 35 degrees at noon, put down the curtains on both sides Plastic film roller blinds, close the ventilation window at the top, and turn on the fan and wet curtain system to cool down.
3.冬季 3. Winter
冬季气温低,要注意保温和换气工作。实际做法:(1)两侧的挂帘要挂上;(2)顶部的通风窗可部分开启,主要用来换气;(3)南侧的挂帘可根据气温来调节,晴天气温高于10度时可取下,南侧的塑料膜卷帘也可稍许开启,以便换气和阳光进入舍内。 The temperature is low in winter, so attention should be paid to heat preservation and ventilation. Actual practice: (1) The curtains on both sides should be hung; (2) The ventilation window on the top can be partially opened, mainly for ventilation; (3) The curtains on the south side can be adjusted according to the temperature, and the temperature on sunny days is higher than It can be removed at 10 degrees, and the plastic film roller blind on the south side can also be opened slightly to allow ventilation and sunlight to enter the house.
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