CN104034803B - The sensing device that main passive waveguide monitoring bridge draws hoist cable to damage and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a sensing device for active and passive waveguides to monitor the damage of bridge slings. The sensing device includes a hoop matching the diameter of the bridge sling; There are 5 first grooves; the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body are respectively provided with 2 second grooves in the circumferential direction; one side of the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body is respectively provided with a wire groove with the same length as the hoop; There are 20 piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the slot; a signal transmission line is welded on the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, and the transmission line is routed along the line slot. The transmission line is a highly shielded coaxial cable, and an insulating layer; an electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged on the surface of the insulating layer. The present invention also provides a sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring bridge sling damage. The invention can well collect bridge sling damage data and realize non-destructive detection of bridge sling damage.

Description

Sensing device and monitoring method for active and passive waveguide to monitor damage of bridge pull and sling

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering, in particular to a sensing device and a monitoring method for active and passive waveguides to monitor the damage of bridge tension cables.

Background technique

The long-span bridge structure is the economic lifeline of a country and region, and the construction and maintenance of bridges are an important part of a country's infrastructure. In the long-span bridge structure, the suspension cable is the main force-bearing member. During the service period of several decades, under the coupling action of factors such as environmental erosion, material aging and long-term effects of load, fatigue effects and sudden catastrophe effects, it will inevitably lead to damage accumulation and resistance attenuation of structures and systems. As a result, the ability to resist natural disasters and even normal environmental effects will decline, and in extreme cases it will cause catastrophic accidents. The cost of new bridge drag sling generally accounts for 25%～30% of the whole bridge, if it is changed cable, the price of changed cable is 3～4 times of new construction. At present, there are manual detection methods for damage monitoring of bridge slings. This method mainly observes the structural surface with the naked eye or a magnifying glass, and is powerless to detect internal defects. The ultrasonic detection method uses echo time and signal strength to know the location of the damage. The effect of this method is not ideal in the detection of bridge slings, mainly because there are some gaps between the steel wires (steel strands) inside the slings, the surface is uneven, and the damaged area is not fixed, resulting in unclear echo signals. Radiographic detection can only be detected in one section, and the detection cost is relatively high, the equipment is expensive, and it has certain radiation. Although the magnetic flux leakage detection method can clearly determine the position and quantity of broken wires, the equipment is complicated. For the pull sling with an outer protective layer, the detection accuracy is not high, and the spatial resolution of the same defect is not high. If the sling is damaged, the detection effect is even worse.

Since the discovery of the piezoelectric effect, the research and application of piezoelectric materials in the damage monitoring of bridge pull-slings has received extensive attention. Piezoelectric ceramics have positive and negative piezoelectric effects. Utilizing the positive effect of piezoelectric ceramics, an active waveguide monitoring technology (ultrasonic guided wave) has been developed to detect the existence of damage and estimate its degree through the "interrogation" structure; using its inverse effect, it has developed into a passive waveguide monitoring technology ( Acoustic emission technology), which monitors structural damage by "listening" to the structure's response without requiring its interaction. Waveguide detection technology has many outstanding advantages: long propagation distance, high sensitivity, different modes are sensitive to different damage types, and wide detection area. The guided wave has particle vibration inside and on the surface of the sling, and the sound field spreads throughout the waveguide. The received signal contains the integrity information of the interior of the sling and the contact interface. Therefore, the guided wave detection technology can detect the information of the entire waveguide. rather than a point or a surface. At present, based on the active waveguide monitoring technology (ultrasonic guided wave), some applications have been used in the damage monitoring of bridge slings. This method has good detection accuracy for existing damage, but the effect of monitoring the damage evolution of slings is not ideal. . The passive waveguide monitoring technology (acoustic emission) is powerless to the existing damage in the bridge sling, but has a high monitoring accuracy for the damage evolution of the sling.

Contents of the invention

One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sensing device for active and passive waveguide monitoring of damage to bridge slings, which can well collect damage data of bridge slings, and to realize non-destructive detection of full bridge slings. The damage provides a hardware platform.

One of the problems of the present invention is achieved in this way: an active and passive waveguide monitors a sensing device for damage to a bridge sling, the sensing device includes a hoop that matches the diameter of the bridge sling; There are at least 5 first grooves in the axial direction of the hoop, and the first grooves are evenly distributed; the hoop includes upper and lower hoop bodies; the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body are respectively provided in the circumferential direction There are at least 2 second grooves; the total 4 second grooves of the upper hoop and the lower hoop are evenly distributed, and the second grooves of the two diagonals are 90 degrees after the upper hoop and the lower hoop are fastened included angle; one side of the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body is respectively provided with a wire groove with the same length as the hoop; 4 piezoelectric Ceramic sensors, and the long sides of each of the 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged circumferentially along the clamp and located on the 4 second grooves, as the sensing device for generating torsional mode; the 2nd, 5th and 5 first grooves 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged on each of the 4 tracks, and the long sides of each of the 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged axially along the clamp and located on the second groove of the 4 tracks, as a sensing device for generating longitudinal modes; A signal transmission line is welded on the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, and the transmission line is routed along the wire groove. The transmission line is a highly shielded coaxial cable, and an insulating layer is arranged on the surface of the sensing device; an insulating layer is arranged on the surface of the insulating layer. Electromagnetic shielding layer, and the electromagnetic shielding layer and the insulating layer are connected by epoxy resin; the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the third of the five first grooves are set as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining two channels are used as passive monitoring. Monitoring; or the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on 2 of the first grooves of the 5 channels are used as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining 3 channels are used as passive monitoring.

Further, the clamp is a cylindrical clamp.

Further, the distance between two adjacent first grooves of the five first grooves is 15-25mm; the depth of each second groove is 3-4mm, and the length is 20-30mm; the wire groove The width of the insulating layer is 5-10 mm; the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.1-0.3 mm; the thickness of the electromagnetic shielding layer is 0.5-2 mm.

Further, the insulating layer is a thermosetting imide thin adhesive tape; the electromagnetic shielding layer is ultra-high conductive silicone rubber.

Further, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is fixed on the first notch or the second notch by using an adhesive.

The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring of damage to bridge slings, which can well collect damage data of bridge slings and can realize non-destructive detection Sling damage.

The second problem of the present invention is achieved in the following way: a sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring bridge pull sling damage;

The monitoring method needs to provide the sensing device, active and passive waveguide sensor trigger unit, passive waveguide feedback unit and a PC; the sensing device includes a hoop matching the diameter of the bridge pulling sling; the The hoop is provided with 5 first grooves in the axial direction, and the hoop includes upper and lower hoop bodies; the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body are respectively provided with 2 second grooves in the circumferential direction; The total 4 second grooves of the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body are evenly distributed, and one side of the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body is respectively provided with a wire groove with the same length as the hoop; the 5 first grooves are 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are installed on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th tracks of the 5th track as the sensing device for generating the torsional mode; 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are set on the 2nd and 4th tracks on the first groove of the 5th track , as a sensing device that produces a longitudinal mode; the active and passive waveguide sensor trigger unit includes a signal generator and a piezoelectric ceramic power amplifier connected in sequence; the passive waveguide feedback unit includes an amplifier and a signal A/D conversion connected in sequence device;

The method is specifically: setting the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the third of the five first grooves as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining two as passive monitoring; or setting the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the second of the five first grooves as active monitoring. The piezoelectric ceramic sensor is used as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining 3 channels are used as passive monitoring; the PC sends a control signal to the piezoelectric ceramic power amplifier after being processed by the signal generator, and the piezoelectric ceramic power After the amplifier is amplified, the sensing device is triggered to monitor; the sensing device uses the positive effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor to develop active waveguide monitoring to test and obtain the damage degree of the bridge pull sling; the obtained damage degree is directly sent to PC, PC for acquisition and processing; the sensing device uses the inverse effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor to develop passive waveguide monitoring to respond to the damage of the bridge sling without interaction, so as to test and obtain the damage degree of the bridge sling, and the After the damage degree signal is amplified by the amplifier, it is sent to the signal A/D converter, and the signal A/D converter is processed and sent to the PC, and the PC performs collection and processing.

Further, the clamp is a cylindrical clamp.

Further, the distance between two adjacent first grooves of the five first grooves is 15-25mm; the depth of each second groove is 3-4mm, and the length is 20-30mm; the wire groove The width of the insulating layer is 5-10 mm; the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.1-0.3 mm; the thickness of the electromagnetic shielding layer is 0.5-2 mm.

Further, the insulating layer is a thermosetting imide thin adhesive tape; the electromagnetic shielding layer is ultra-high conductive silicone rubber.

Further, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is fixed on the first notch or the second notch by using an adhesive.

The advantage of the present invention is that: the present invention integrates two sensors that generate longitudinal mode and torsional mode to form 5 detections, and a high-shielding coaxial cable, an insulating layer and an electromagnetic shielding layer are arranged on the hoop; In this way, an active and passive waveguide test sensor with electromagnetic shielding and filtering functions is formed; three sensors are used as active monitoring, and the remaining two sensors are used as passive monitoring; or two sensors are used as active monitoring, and the remaining three sensors are used as passive monitoring . The invention can well collect the damage data of the bridge slings, and can realize the non-destructive detection of the damage of the whole bridge slings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention with the insulating layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer removed.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the monitoring method of the present invention.

detailed description

Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of active and passive waveguide monitors the sensing device of bridge pull sling damage, and described sensing device comprises a hoop 1 that matches with the diameter of described bridge pull sling; The clamp 1 is provided with at least 5 first notches 11 in the axial direction, and each first notch 11 is evenly distributed; the clamp 1 includes two upper and lower hoop bodies (12, 13); the upper hoop The body 12 and the lower hoop body 13 are respectively provided with at least 2 second grooves 14 in the circumferential direction; the total 4 second grooves 14 of the upper hoop body 12 and the lower hoop body 13 are evenly distributed, and the upper hoop body 12 and the lower hoop body After the hoop body 13 is fastened, the second grooves 14 of the two diagonal lines form an angle α of 90 degrees; one side of the upper hoop body 12 and the lower hoop body 13 is respectively provided with a wire groove with the same length as the hoop 1 (not shown). 4 piezoceramic sensors 3 are arranged on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th lanes of the 5 first grooves 11, and the long sides of each of the 4 piezoceramic sensors 3 are arranged circumferentially along the clamp And located on the 4th second notch 14, as a sensing device for generating the torsional mode; 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged on the 2nd and 4th of the 5th first notch 11, and each of the 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors The long side of the electric ceramic sensor is arranged axially along the clamp and is positioned on the second notch 14 of 4 roads, as the sensing device that produces the longitudinal mode; the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 3 is welded with a signal transmission line (not shown shown), the transmission line is routed along the wire slot, the transmission line is a highly shielded coaxial cable, an insulating layer 4 is arranged on the surface of the sensing device; an electromagnetic shielding layer 5 is arranged on the surface of the insulating layer 4, and the electromagnetic shielding Layer 5 and insulating layer 4 are connected by epoxy resin (not shown). The piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on 3 of the 5 first grooves 11 are set as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on the remaining 2 are used as passive monitoring; or the piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on 2 of the 5 first grooves 11 are set. The electric ceramic sensor 3 is used as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 3 on the remaining 3 tracks is used as passive monitoring.

In the present invention, the clamp 1 is a cylindrical clamp. In practical application, it can also be other shapes as long as the bridge pulling sling can be tightly hugged.

Wherein, the distance between two adjacent first notches 11 of the five first notches 11 is 15-25 mm. The depth of each second groove 14 is 3-4 mm, and the length is 20-30 mm; the width of the wire groove is 5-10 mm.

In addition, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is fixed on the first notch 11 or the second notch 14 with an adhesive. The thickness of the insulating layer is 0.1-0.3 mm; the thickness of the shielding layer is 0.5-2 mm. The insulating layer 4 is a thermosetting imide thin adhesive tape; the electromagnetic shielding layer 5 is ultra-high conductive silicone rubber.

Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring bridge pull sling damage;

The monitoring method needs to provide the sensing device, active and passive waveguide sensor trigger unit, passive waveguide feedback unit and a PC; the sensing device includes a clamp 1 matching the diameter of the bridge pull sling; The clamp 1 is provided with at least five first notches 11 in the axial direction, and the clamp 1 includes upper and lower two clamp bodies (12, 13); the upper clamp body 12 and the lower clamp body 13 are respectively There are at least 2 second grooves 14 in the circumferential direction; the total 4 second grooves 14 of the upper hoop body 12 and the lower hoop body 13 are evenly distributed, and one side of the upper hoop body 12 and the lower hoop body 13 is respectively opened. There is a wire slot (not shown) with the same length as the clamp 1; four piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 are arranged on the first, third, and fifth tracks of the five first grooves 11, as the torsion mode 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged on the 2nd and 4th lanes on the 5th first engraved groove 11, as the sensing device for generating the longitudinal mode; the trigger unit of the active and passive waveguide sensor includes sequentially connected A signal generator and a piezoelectric ceramic power amplifier; the passive waveguide feedback unit includes an amplifier and a signal A/D converter connected in sequence;

The method is specifically: setting the piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on the 3rd of the 5 first grooves 11 as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on the remaining 2 grooves as passive monitoring; or setting the piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on the 5 first grooves 11 as passive monitoring; The piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on the 2 channels are used as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors 3 on the remaining 3 channels are used as passive monitoring; the PC sends a control signal to the piezoelectric ceramics after being processed by the signal generator. Amplifier, the piezoelectric ceramic power amplifier is amplified and triggers the sensing device to monitor; the sensing device utilizes the positive effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor to form an active waveguide monitoring to test and obtain the damage degree of the bridge pull sling; will obtain The damage degree of the bridge is directly sent to the PC, and the PC collects and processes it; the sensing device utilizes the inverse effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor to form a passive waveguide monitoring to respond to the damage of the bridge pulling sling without interaction, so that the bridge pulling and hanging can be tested and obtained. The damage degree of the cable is amplified by the amplifier, and then sent to the signal A/D converter, and the signal A/D converter is processed and sent to the PC, and the PC performs acquisition and processing.

In the present invention, the clamp 1 is a cylindrical clamp. In practical application, it can also be other shapes as long as the bridge pulling sling can be tightly hugged.

Wherein, the distance between two adjacent first notches 11 of the five first notches 11 is 15-25 mm. The depth of each second groove 14 is 3-4 mm, and the length is 20-30 mm; the width of the wire groove is 5-10 mm.

In addition, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is fixed on the first notch 11 or the second notch 14 with an adhesive. The thickness of the insulating layer is 0.1-0.3 mm; the thickness of the shielding layer is 0.5-2 mm. The insulating layer 4 is a thermosetting imide thin adhesive tape; the electromagnetic shielding layer 5 is ultra-high conductive silicone rubber.

It is worth mentioning here:

The design of an integrated sensing device for active and passive waveguide monitoring of bridge slings needs to solve two technical problems: 1) The number of piezoelectric ceramics for active and passive test sensors, optimization of layout methods, and electromagnetic shielding technology. Because there are many factors for the failure of bridge tension cables, different defects have different sensitivities to different excitation modes. Previous literature, no matter what kind of defects, all adopt the longitudinal guided wave mode. In engineering applications, sometimes the effect is not ideal. The invention adopts a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sensor waveguide test devices, and selects axially symmetrical longitudinal modes and torsional modes for excitation. During the test, the test results of the two modes are compared to determine which mode to choose in order to improve the test accuracy. In addition, when selecting high-order modes for excitation, the number of turns of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor must be optimized in order to suppress the influence of low-order modes. The invention integrates two kinds of sensors that generate longitudinal mode and torsional mode to form an optimal design of 5-circle probe. At present, active waveguide sensors are directly using piezoelectric sensors as excitation and receiving sensors, but direct application of piezoelectric ceramics as passive waveguide probes causes the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal to be too small due to electromagnetic interference. Electromagnetic shielding technology and filtering technology should be developed and integrated into the pressure sensor. Electroceramic passive waveguide probes. Thus, an active and passive waveguide test sensor with electromagnetic shielding and filtering functions is formed. 2) Sensor trigger mode and selection of active and passive monitoring schemes. The acquisition system provides accurate signal triggering and sensor switching, and performs active and passive monitoring accurately on demand; even active and passive testing at the same time (in which the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the first 3 of the 5 first grooves are set as active monitoring, and the remaining 2 The piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the track are used as passive monitoring; or the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on 2 of the first grooves of the 5 channels are used as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining 3 tracks are used as passive monitoring). During waveguide monitoring, the active and passive sensors are connected to the acquisition instrument, and a reasonable monitoring method is selected in the acquisition instrument according to the amplitude of the monitoring signal.

In a word, the present invention will effectively solve the difficult problem of damage monitoring of the suspension cables of bridges at present. This method can not only detect the existing damage of the bridge sling, but also monitor the damage evolution process of the bridge sling. Especially for the damage monitoring of invisible bridges such as buried in beams and anchor chambers, it has more advantages. It does not need to destroy beams or open anchor chambers like the current conventional detection methods, which will cause secondary damage to the structure. The present invention directly arranges the sensing device on the cable body without destroying any cable body structure, and truly realizes the non-destructive detection of damage to the suspension cables of the whole bridge. It has great social and economic benefits in the damage detection of bridge slings.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sensing device for active and passive waveguide monitoring of damage to bridge pull slings, characterized in that: the sensing device includes a clamp that matches the diameter of the bridge pull sling; the axial direction of the clamp There are at least 5 first grooves on the top, and the first grooves are evenly distributed; the clamp includes upper and lower hoop bodies; the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body are respectively provided with at least 2 grooves in the circumferential direction The second notch: the total of 4 second notches on the upper hoop and the lower hoop are evenly distributed, and the second notches on the two diagonal lines form an angle of 90 degrees after the upper hoop and the lower hoop are fastened; One side of the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body is respectively provided with a wire groove with the same length as the hoop; 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th lanes of the 5 first grooves, and The long sides of each of the 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged circumferentially along the clamp and are located on the 4 second grooves as the sensing device for generating the torsional mode; the 2nd and 4th grooves on the 5 first grooves are all set There are 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors, and the long sides of each of the 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are arranged axially along the clamp and are located on the 4 second grooves, as sensing devices for generating longitudinal modes; the piezoelectric ceramic sensors A signal transmission line is welded on the upper surface of the upper surface, and the transmission line is routed along the wire slot. The transmission line is a highly shielded coaxial cable, and an insulating layer is arranged on the surface of the sensing device; an electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged on the surface of the insulating layer. And the electromagnetic shielding layer and the insulating layer are connected by epoxy resin; the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the third of the five first grooves are set as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining two channels are used as passive monitoring; or 5 The piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the 2 tracks of the first groove are used as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining 3 tracks are used as passive monitoring. 2 . The sensing device for monitoring the damage of the bridge sling by active and passive waveguides according to claim 1 , wherein the clamp is a cylindrical clamp. 3 . 3. The sensing device for active and passive waveguide monitoring of damage to bridge pull and slings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between two adjacent first notches of the five first notches is 15-25mm ; The depth of each second groove is 3-4mm, and the length is 20-30mm; the width of the wire groove is 5-10mm; the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.1-0.3mm; the thickness of the electromagnetic shielding layer is 0.5- 2mm. 4. The sensing device for active and passive waveguide monitoring of damage to bridge slings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the insulating layer is a thermosetting imide thin adhesive tape; the electromagnetic shielding layer is ultra-high conductive silicone rubber . 5 . The active and passive waveguide sensing device for monitoring the damage of bridge pull and sling damage according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is fixed on the first groove or the second groove with an adhesive. 6 . 6. A sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring bridge pull sling damage, characterized in that: The monitoring method needs to provide the sensing device, active and passive waveguide sensor trigger unit, passive waveguide feedback unit and a PC; the sensing device includes a hoop matching the diameter of the bridge pulling sling; the The hoop is provided with 5 first grooves in the axial direction, and the hoop includes upper and lower hoop bodies; the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body are respectively provided with 2 second grooves in the circumferential direction; The total 4 second grooves of the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body are evenly distributed, and one side of the upper hoop body and the lower hoop body is respectively provided with a wire groove with the same length as the hoop; the 5 first grooves are 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are installed on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th tracks of the 5th track as the sensing device for generating the torsional mode; 4 piezoelectric ceramic sensors are set on the 2nd and 4th tracks on the first groove of the 5th track , as a sensing device that produces a longitudinal mode; the active and passive waveguide sensor trigger unit includes a signal generator and a piezoelectric ceramic power amplifier connected in sequence; the passive waveguide feedback unit includes an amplifier and a signal A/D conversion connected in sequence device; The method is specifically: setting the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the third of the five first grooves as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining two as passive monitoring; or setting the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the second of the five first grooves as active monitoring. The piezoelectric ceramic sensor is used as active monitoring, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensors on the remaining 3 channels are used as passive monitoring; the PC sends a control signal to the piezoelectric ceramic power amplifier after being processed by the signal generator, and the piezoelectric ceramic power After the amplifier is amplified, the sensing device is triggered to monitor; the sensing device uses the positive effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor to develop active waveguide monitoring to test and obtain the damage degree of the bridge pull sling; the obtained damage degree is directly sent to PC, PC for acquisition and processing; the sensing device uses the inverse effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor to develop passive waveguide monitoring to respond to the damage of the bridge sling without interaction, so as to test and obtain the damage degree of the bridge sling, and the After the damage degree signal is amplified by the amplifier, it is sent to the signal A/D converter, and the signal A/D converter is processed and sent to the PC, and the PC performs collection and processing. 7 . The monitoring method of a sensing device for active and passive waveguide monitoring of damage to bridge slings according to claim 6 , wherein the clamp is a cylindrical clamp. 7 . 8. The sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring bridge pull and sling damage according to claim 6, characterized in that: the distance between two adjacent first notches of the five first notches is 15 ～25mm; the depth of each second groove is 3～4mm, and the length is 20～30mm; the width of the wire groove is 5～10mm; the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.1～0.3mm; the thickness of the electromagnetic shielding layer is 0.5 ~ 2mm. 9. The sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring bridge pull sling damage according to claim 6, characterized in that: the insulating layer is a thermosetting imide thin adhesive tape; the electromagnetic shielding layer is an ultra-high conductive Silicone Rubber. 10. The sensing device monitoring method for active and passive waveguide monitoring of damage to bridge pull and slings according to claim 6, characterized in that: the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is fixed to the first groove or the second groove by an adhesive superior.