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CN104010805A - 多层柔性元件，优选由木材制成，及通过激光雕刻或切削的生产方法 - Google Patents

多层柔性元件，优选由木材制成，及通过激光雕刻或切削的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN104010805A
CN104010805A CN201280053205.5A CN201280053205A CN104010805A CN 104010805 A CN104010805 A CN 104010805A CN 201280053205 A CN201280053205 A CN 201280053205A CN 104010805 A CN104010805 A CN 104010805A
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马塞罗·安东奈莉
玛塔·安东奈莉
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Abstract

多层柔性元件(10)，优选由木材制成，及通过激光雕刻或切削的生产方法，优选应用于时装、家具和设计行业，其特征在于所述元件组成如下：一刚性材料层(11)，采用片材或板材，优选由木材制成；一柔性支撑材料层(12)，例如织物，在其上连接刚性材料层(11)；所述刚性材料层(11)与所述柔性支撑材料层(12)的连接物(13)，例如胶，其特征是高弹性和耐温度变化；矢量图形的纹理(14)确定了材料块的切削、柔韧性和随之而来的建模和柔软性；所述方法(50)包括以下步骤：所述刚性材料层(11)到所述柔性支撑材料层(12)的连接，例如通过胶；矢量图形纹理(14)的设计图案(52)，下载到能够产生并聚焦高功率激光束的工业装置的控制系统中；根据上述纹理(14)通过激光束引发的高温蒸发和融合雕刻(53)和/或切削所述刚性材料层(11)；从而使刚性材料具有柔性，如木材和类似材料，以适合作为涵盖时装，家具及设计行业的装饰和/或功能的元件。

Description

多层柔性元件,优选由木材制成,及通过激光雕刻或切削的生产方法
本发明涉及多层柔性元件，优选由木材制成，以及通过激光雕刻或切削的生产方法。更确切的说，该生产方法包括材料的处理，在材料处理过程中，刚性材料经处理后获得典型的织物特性和性能，通过这种方式，材料适合作为原料，尤其是服装，家具和设计。该生产方法使用激光设备实现在多层材料的顶层形成图案，处理后，相同的方式应用在柔性材料上。
在现有技术中，已经开发了多种由木材或其他刚性材料制成的产品通过适当的加工生产可以适应各种形状和轮廓的柔性结构。这些产品可以作为服装辅料或家具。在一些情况下，这些结构是真实的布料。现在技术包括实现关节的基本结构，例如具有销栓的金属结构，允许其一部分在另一部分上旋转。该金属结构插入木销形成镶嵌。该方法具有单个定位销的切口，随后手动安装，一次一个，直至形成最终的产品。由于需要引入操作员实现产品，这种方式存在精度的问题；并且由于需要采用手工操作，还存在时间的问题；同时由于采购一定的原料、一定的时间来设计产品并最终手工生产产品，还存在成本的问题；并且还需要直接介入生产的劳动力。
本发明克服了上述所有缺点，本发明的主要目标是以同样的方式使织物或其它柔性材料可以使用，这些材料(优选木材，也可以是层压板、铝材等)由于其性质和特性具有刚性结构和有限的建模。
本发明的进一步的目的是对这些材料进行适当的处理，用于使用织物和皮革的应用中。
本发明的另一个目的是使用这些材料(木材，层压板，有机玻璃，铝，铜等)丰富可用于衣物和包装中的材料的范围，尤其是在纺织业和制革业。
本发明的还一个目的是确保高速，高精度的处理。
本发明的还一个目的是处理方法是灵活的，可以应用于不同的行业，从服装到家具，乃至汽车行业。
本发明的再一个目的是该处理方法不与材料直接接触，为操作员提供最大的安全性。
本发明的还一个目标是激光雕刻和/或切割是永久性的，不可更改的，不可改变的。
因此，本发明公开了一种多层柔性元件，优选由木材制成，通过激光雕刻和/或切削进行生产，尤其适用于时装，家具和包装行业，其特征在于所述元件由下述组成：
一刚性材料层，采用片材或板材，优选由木材制成；
一柔性支撑材料层，例如织物，在其上连接所述刚性材料层；
连接物，连接所述刚性材料层与所述柔性支撑材料层，例如通过胶，其特征是具有高弹性、耐温度变化；
-矢量图形纹理，确定工件材料的切削，柔韧性和随之而来的造型和柔软的手感；
其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
所述刚性材料层到所述柔性支撑材料层的连接，例如通过胶；
矢量图形的纹理设计图案，下载到能产生并聚焦高功率激光束的工业设备的控制系统中；
-在上述纹理的引导下，通过激光束引发的融合和高温蒸发来雕刻和/或切割所述刚性材料层；
从而使得刚性材料具有柔性，例如木材和类似材料，并适合作为涵盖时装、家具以及设计行业的装饰或功能元件。
参考下述附图说明，但非限制性的，描述本发明。
图1是刚性材料及其柔性支撑件的透视图，元件之间的部分已经切断并用胶合；
图2是上述材料胶合阶段的透视图，显示了一层胶或粘合剂；
图3是刚性材料的切割纹理正视图；
图4是激光装置的透视图，由该装置进行多层材料的处理；
图5是第一实施例柔性材料的透视图，显示加工处理的最终结果；
图6是第二实施例柔性材料的透视图，显示加工处理的最终结果；
图7是第三实施例柔性材料的透视图，显示加工处理的最终结果；
图8是实现新材料过程的各个阶段功能框图。
下述描述是示意性的而非限制，目的旨在说明本发明的一种可行的实施例，基于所描述的特定技术方案可描述其他实施例。在附图中，相同的元件采用相同的数字表示。
在制造过程中，首先是材料的获取，如图1所示。刚性材料11必须已经切割成薄片、卷材或板材；薄片的厚度从0.1mm到10mm，取决于预期用途和必须要粘合的柔性支撑件12。刚性材料11的大小能容纳在激光雕刻和切割机内。柔性支撑件12由在网面支撑的织物构成，例如玻璃纤维或亚麻纤维，从而保证高柔性和弹性。柔性支撑件12与随后要粘合的刚性材料11大小相同，并且具有均匀的表面以允许充分粘合。
图1图示了刚性材料11，刚性材料11尤其可以是木材，可以将其制造用作为织物。选择木材是因为其具有优异的性能，例如重量轻，隔热(声和电磁)，木材还是一种生态材料，与生物相容(天然的原料，可再生，可回收，低能量消耗获得)，外观也美观。
这些特性使这种材料广泛应用于各行业。一旦获得材料，进入到刚性材料11与柔性支撑件12粘合阶段，以这种方式形成多层元件10，如图2所示。粘合优选使用粘接剂13，能在干燥后维持足够的弹性，耐水性和耐温度变化，并且能确定融合两层材料。取决于待处理材料，可以使用乙烯胶，热熔胶，接触型胶粘剂，或胶粘密封剂。粘合完成后提供矢量图形格式的纹理14成品(如图3所示)，通过激光装置16雕刻和/或切削所述层使得纹理再现在刚性材料11层上，如图4所示。优选激光通过汽化、融合或通过燃烧切削材料。由于不同的材料硬度，化学成分，表面光洁度，反射能力和厚度的差异，每一材料以不同的方式反应。
雕刻过程是指用微熔合，燃烧或去除材料标记表面。各种方式的差别取决于材料的化学组成和对热的反应。上述纹理14，由计算机图形程序货特定软件产生，存储在数据存储装置15，纹理14在预先粘在柔性支撑件12的刚性材料11单层雕刻和/或切削过程中引导激光装置16；该激光装置16必须进行校准以使功率，速度和角度只作用于该刚性材料11的厚度，而不改变粘接剂13层和底层柔性支撑件12。纹理14采用矢量图形格式表达数据比同等的光栅数据占用更少的空间，还能进行放大而不产生分辨率的损失，这是在加工过程中获得最大精度的基本要求。纹理14的类型(结构，大小，线路间距等)将定义装甲的角度及随之而来的建模和处理过的材料的柔软性，以及纤维的方向和折叠的方向。纹理14给出雕刻面必要的装饰内容，限定多层材料10的柔性和柔软程度。基于需求和所要产生的效果，纹理14的块19大小可以从1平方毫米至10平方毫米，甚至更多。
参考图5，新材料18a，作为纹理14的激光在多层材料10，尤其是刚性材料11层上再现的结果，不是刚性的而是如构成纹理14的连续线条那样分离成数百或数千个块19。在图6中显示了采用同样的处理过程可获得的另一种新材料18b。在图7中示出的新材料18c，由于划分了刚性材料11层，消去了纹理14的部分块19，通过这样的方式提高柔软性并允许新材料18c在多个方向上折叠；因此，重现在刚性材料11层的纹理14类型的基本选择，纹理14不仅使得新材料18a、18b、18c外形美观，而且在其可行的应用中具有功能。
基于上述通过激光雕刻和/或切削多层材料10制备的新材料18a、18b、18c，根据纹理14限定的沟槽的图案，简便起见称为“软材料”并应用于服装，家具和包装中。图8显示了通过激光装置实现新材料的整个制造过程50步骤框图：将激光装置53，通过雕刻和/或切削在多层材料10的顶层重现存储在数据存储装置54中的纹理52，从而产生新材料18a、18b、18c，该材料不是刚性的，为了简便起见称为软材料。准备使用新材料18a、18b、18c时，通过进一步的胶合和/或缝纫的处理，通过此种方式进行合适的剪裁来生产衣服，帐篷，配件等，此外，新材料18a、18b、18c可通过固化剂树脂进行处理，通过此方式使其具有刚性并能适用于例如家具或车辆行业。
上述实施例表明本发明实现了所有提出的目标，尤其是能够以同样的方法使性质和特征为刚性结构和有限建模的材料(优选木材，也可以是层压板、铝材等)制造织物或其它柔性材料。
进一步的，这些材料经过适当处理，可以应用于织物、皮革已有应用中。
此外，这些材料(木材，层压板，有机玻璃，铝，铜等)拓宽了用于服装和设计的材料范围，特别是纺织品和制革。
而且，本发明的加工方式确保了高速，高精度。
另外，本发明的加工方式可以灵活应用于不同的部门，从服装到家具，乃至汽车行业。
而且，本发明的加工方式不与材料直接接触，为操作员提供了最大的安全性。
进一步的，激光雕刻和/或切割是永久性的，不可更改的，不可改变的。
本发明通过附图的方式进行了描述但不是限制性的，依据优选实施例，在不背离本发明权利要求所限定的保护范围的前提下，本领域技术人员可以进行任何更改和/或修改。

Claims (10)

1.多层柔性元件(10)，优选由木材制成，优选应用于时装、家具和设计行业，其特征在于所述元件组成如下：一刚性材料层(11)，采用片材或板材，优选由木材制成；一柔性支撑材料层(12)，例如织物，在其上连接刚性材料层(11)；所述刚性材料层(11)与所述柔性支撑材料层(12)的连接物(13)，例如胶，其特征是高弹性和耐温度变化；矢量图形的纹理(14)确定了材料块的切削、柔韧性和随之而来的建模和柔软性。
2.根据上述权利要求的多层柔性元件(10)，其特征在于：
上述刚性材料层(11)每一片或板的厚度在0.1mm到10mm，取决于预期用途和必须要粘合的柔性支撑件(12)；
柔性支撑物(12)与要胶合的刚性材料(11)大小相同；
柔性支撑物(12)具有均匀的表面以充分粘合。
3.根据上述的一个或多个权利要求的多层柔性元件(10)，其特征在于：
所述胶(13)，用于连接所述所述刚性材料层(11)到所述柔性支撑材料(12)，在干燥后维持足够的弹性，耐水性和耐温度变化，以确定粘合两层材料。
4.根据上述的一个或多个权利要求的多层柔性元件(10)，其特征在于：
由计算机图形程序或特定软件产生的纹理(14)存储在数据存储装置(15)，在雕刻和/或切削预先粘合在柔性支撑物(12)的单层刚性材料(11)的过程中作为输入引导激光装置(16)，通过上述激光雕刻和/或切削获得的新材料(18a)，(18b)，(18c)不再具有刚性结构而是由构成纹理(14)的结构线条划分为数百个块(19)。
5.根据上述的一个或多个权利要求的多层柔性元件(10)，其特征在于：
校正激光装置(16)以使功率，速度和角度只作用于刚性材料(11)的厚度，而不改变粘接剂层(13)和底层柔性支撑物(12)。
6.根据上述的一个或多个权利要求的多层柔性元件(10)，其特征在于：
基于应用和所要产生的视觉效果，纹理14的块19大小可以从1平方毫米至10平方毫米，甚至更多。
7.根据上述的一个或多个权利要求的多层柔性元件(10)，其特征在于：
纹理(14)的块(19)可以从所述刚性材料层(11)移除以提高柔软性并允许新材料(18a)，(18b)，(18c)在多个方向上折叠从而增加其可适用的应用。
8.通过激光雕刻和/或切削生产权利要求1的多层柔性元件(10)的方法(50)，其特征在于所述方法(50)包括下述步骤：
所述刚性材料层(11)到所述柔性支撑材料层(12)的连接(51)，例如通过胶；
矢量图形纹理(14)的设计图案(52)，下载到能够产生并聚焦高功率激光束的工业装置的控制系统中；
在上述纹理(14)的引导下通过激光束引发的高温蒸发和融合雕刻(53)和/或切削所述刚性材料层(11)，
从而使刚性材料具有柔性，如木材和类似材料，以适合作为涵盖时装，家具及设计行业的装饰和/或功能的元件。
9.根据权利要求8的用于生产多层柔性元件(10)的方法(50)，其特征在于所述方法(50)还包括下述步骤：所述新材料(18a)，(18b)，(18c)进一步在织物部分进行胶合或缝合，从而适合剪裁来生产衣服，帐篷，配件等。
10.根据权利要求8的生产多层柔性元件(10)的方法(50)，其特征在于所述方法(50)还包括下述步骤：上述新材料(18a)，(18b)，(18c)通过固化剂树脂固定其形状，使其刚性并适用在，例如家具或车辆等行业。
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