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CN104009628A - voltage converter - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN104009628A
CN104009628A CN201310057304.7A CN201310057304A CN104009628A CN 104009628 A CN104009628 A CN 104009628A CN 201310057304 A CN201310057304 A CN 201310057304A CN 104009628 A CN104009628 A CN 104009628A
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signal
output
voltage
coupled
terminal
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CN104009628B (en
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林宝全
陈利杰
周宏哲
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Excelliance Mos Corp
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Excelliance Mos Corp
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Abstract

The invention provides a voltage converter, which comprises a fixed conduction time signal generator, a first transistor, a second transistor, an inductor and a ripple injection circuit. The fixed on-time signal generator generates a first driving signal and a second driving signal. The ripple injection circuit receives the output signal to generate a ripple injection signal. The constant on-time signal generator generates first and second driving signals according to the ripple injection signal, the output signal and the reference signal.

Description

Electric pressure converter
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of electric pressure converter, and particularly relevant for a kind of buck electric pressure converter of stablizing ripple output signal that produces.
Background technology
Please refer to Figure 1A, Figure 1A is the schematic diagram of existing electric pressure converter 100.Electric pressure converter 100 comprises driver 110, logical operation circuit 120, comparator C MP1, transistor M1, M2, inductance L 1, capacitor C 1 and resistance R 1 and R2.In electric pressure converter 100, comparator C MP1, by the comparative result of comparison reference signal REF and feedback signal VFB, is sequentially produced and is driven signal DRV1 and DRV2 by logical operation circuit 120 and driver 110.In addition, transistor M1 receives supply voltage VIN.
In electric pressure converter 100, when comparator C MP1 compares feedback voltage V FB lower than reference voltage REF, transistor M1 is according to driving signal DRV1 to carry out conducting a period of time, and make reduced output voltage voltage VOUT correspondence increase, afterwards transistor M1 according to driving signal DRV1 to disconnect transistor M2 according to driving signal DRV2 conducting, and reduced output voltage voltage VOUT declines until feedback voltage V FB during again lower than reference voltage REF, transistor M1 is again according to driving signal DRV1 to carry out conducting a period of time.
When the equivalent series resistance ESR when capacitor C 1 is too low, please refer to Figure 1B, Figure 1B is the movement oscillogram of electric pressure converter 100.Ripple part on feedback voltage V FB wherein will be very not obvious, and cause the ripple phenomenon on reduced output voltage voltage VOUT to present very unsure state, and reduced the quality of reduced output voltage voltage VOUT.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electric pressure converter, effectively produce the output signal with stable ripple.
The present invention proposes a kind of electric pressure converter, comprises fixedly ON time signal generator, the first transistor, transistor seconds, inductance and ripple injection circuit.Fixedly ON time signal generator produces first and drives signal and two driving signal.The first transistor, has first end, the second end and control end, and its first end receives supply voltage, and its control end receives first and drives signal.Transistor seconds, has first end, the second end and control end, and the first end of transistor seconds couples the second end of the first transistor, and the control end of transistor seconds receives two driving signal, and the second end of transistor seconds is coupled to reference to earthed voltage.Inductance is serially connected between the second end of the first transistor and the output of electric pressure converter.On the output of electric pressure converter, produce output signal.Ripple injection circuit receives output signal and produces ripple Injection Signal.Wherein, fixedly ON time signal generator drives signal according to ripple Injection Signal, output signal and reference signal to produce first and second.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned ripple injection circuit to produce oblique wave electric current, and produces ramp voltage according to oblique wave electric current according to ripple part.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned ripple injection circuit comprises transduction amplifier and electric capacity.One input of transduction amplifier receives output signal, and another input receives with reference to earthed voltage, and its output produces oblique wave electric current.The first end of electric capacity couples output and the fixing ON time signal generator of transduction amplifier, and its second end is coupled to reference to earthed voltage, and electric capacity receives this oblique wave electric current and produces ramp voltage at its first end.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned ripple injection circuit also comprises Resetting Switching.Resetting Switching and electric capacity connecting couples, Resetting Switching according to control signal with conducting or disconnection.
In an embodiment of invention, above-mentioned fixedly ON time signal generator addition output signal and ramp voltage are to produce feedback signal.Fixedly ON time signal generator is also according to relatively feedback signal and reference signal drive signal to produce first and second.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned fixedly ON time signal generator comprises adder and comparator.Adder is carried out add operation to produce feedback signal for output signal and ramp voltage.Comparator receiving feedback signals and reference signal.Comparator also produces comparative result according to comparing feedback signal and reference signal.Wherein, fixedly ON time signal generator produces first and second according to comparative result and drives signal.
In an embodiment of invention, above-mentioned fixedly ON time signal generator also comprises logical operation circuit and driver.Logical operation circuit couples the output of comparator.Logical operation circuit receive and for comparative result to carry out logical operation.Driver couples logical operation circuit, receives and the operation result of the logical operation carried out according to logical operation circuit produces first and second and drives signal.
In an embodiment of invention, above-mentioned fixedly ON time signal generator addition reference signal and ramp voltage are to produce feedback signal.Fixedly ON time signal generator is also according to relatively feedback signal and output signal drive signal to produce first and second.
In an embodiment of invention, above-mentioned fixedly ON time signal generator comprises adder and comparator.Adder is carried out add operation to produce feedback signal for reference signal and ramp voltage.Comparator receiving feedback signals and output signal.Comparator also produces comparative result according to comparing feedback signal and output signal.Wherein, fixedly ON time signal generator produces first and second according to comparative result and drives signal.
In an embodiment of invention, above-mentioned fixedly ON time signal generator also comprises logical operation circuit and driver.Logical operation circuit couples the output of comparator.Logical operation circuit receive and for comparative result to carry out logical operation.Driver couples logical operation circuit, receives and the operation result of the logical operation carried out according to logical operation circuit produces first and second and drives signal.
In an embodiment of invention, electric pressure converter also comprises output capacitance.One end of output capacitance is coupled to the output of electric pressure converter, and its other end is coupled to reference to earthed voltage.Wherein, the electric capacity that output capacitance is low ESR.
In an embodiment of invention, electric pressure converter also comprises bleeder circuit.Bleeder circuit is coupled between the path that ripple injection circuit couples output signal.
In an embodiment of invention, above-mentioned bleeder circuit comprises the first resistance and the second resistance.One end of the first resistance is coupled to the output of electric pressure converter, and its other end is coupled to ripple injection circuit.One end of the second resistance is coupled to the output of the first resistance and electric pressure converter, and its other end is coupled to reference to earthed voltage.
For above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, special embodiment below, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram of existing electric pressure converter 100;
Figure 1B is the movement oscillogram of electric pressure converter 100;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the electric pressure converter 200 of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram of the electric pressure converter 300 of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 B is the oscillogram of the electric pressure converter 300 of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A is the schematic diagram of the electric pressure converter 400 of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 B is the oscillogram of the electric pressure converter 400 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
100,200,300,400: electric pressure converter;
110,311,411: driver;
120,312,412: logical operation circuit;
CMP1: comparator;
210,310,410: fixing ON time signal generator;
220,320,420: ripple injection circuit;
313,413: adder;
330,430: bleeder circuit;
M1, M2: transistor;
L1: inductance;
C1, C2, C3: electric capacity;
VIN: supply voltage;
DRV1, DRV2: drive signal;
GND: with reference to earthed voltage;
OT: output;
VOUT: output signal;
REF: reference signal;
VFB: feedback voltage;
ESR: equivalent series resistance;
OTA: transduction amplifier;
IRMP: oblique wave electric current;
VRMP: ramp voltage;
CTRL: control signal;
SW1: Resetting Switching;
R1, R2: resistance 100: electronic installation.
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 2, the schematic diagram of the electric pressure converter 200 that Fig. 2 is one embodiment of the invention.Electric pressure converter 200 is a kind of buck electric pressure converter, comprises fixedly ON time signal generator 210, ripple injection circuit 220, transistor M1 and M2, inductance L 1 and capacitor C 2.Fixedly ON time signal generator 210 is used for producing and drives signal DRV1 and drive signal DRV2.Transistor M1 has first end, the second end and control end, and the first end of transistor M1 receives supply voltage VIN, and the control end of transistor M1 receives and drives signal DRV1 with conducting or disconnection.Transistor M2 has first end, the second end and control end, and the first end of transistor M2 couples the second end of transistor M1, and the control end of transistor M2 receives and drives signal DRV2 with conducting or disconnection, and the second end of transistor M2 is coupled to reference to earthed voltage GND.Subsidiary one carries, and output capacitance C2 (not shown) is serially connected in output OT and with reference between earthed voltage GND.Output capacitance C2 can be the electric capacity of low ESR (effective series resistance, ESR).
Inductance L 1 is serially connected between the second end of transistor M1 and the output OT of electric pressure converter 200, the upper output signal VOUT that produces of the output OT of electric pressure converter 200.220 of ripple injection circuits are coupled to output signal VOUT, to gather the ripple part of output signal VOUT.Wherein, ripple part, output signal VOUT and the reference signal REF that fixedly ON time signal generator 210 gathers according to ripple injection circuit 220 drives signal DRV1 and DRV2 to produce.
Illustrate, in the present embodiment, the voltage that ripple injection circuit 220 gathers output signal VOUT produces ripple Injection Signal to fixing ON time signal generator 210.Fixedly 210 whiles of ON time signal generator produce and drive signal DRV1 and DRV2 according to output signal VOUT, reference signal REF and ripple Injection Signal.For instance, fixedly ON time signal generator 210 can carry out addition for output signal VOUT and ripple Injection Signal, and the result of addition and reference signal REF are compared, then produces and drive signal DRV1 and DRV2 according to result relatively.Or, fixedly ON time signal generator 210 also can carry out addition for reference signal REF and the ripple producing according to output signal VOUT Injection Signal, and the result of addition and output signal VOUT are compared, then produce and drive signal DRV1 and DRV2 according to result relatively.
It should be noted that, by the ripple according to output signal VOUT, partly produce and drive signal DRV1 and DRV2, during the electric capacity that is low ESR at output capacitance C2, the ripple Injection Signal producing according to output signal VOUT also can be reinforced to produce driving signal DRV1 and DRV2.Thus, electric pressure converter 200 can produce the output signal VOUT with stable ripple.
Below please refer to Fig. 3 A, the schematic diagram of the electric pressure converter 300 that Fig. 3 A is another embodiment of the present invention.Electric pressure converter 300 comprises fixedly ON time signal generator 310, ripple injection circuit 320, bleeder circuit 330, transistor M1 and M2, inductance L 1 and capacitor C 1.
Ripple injection circuit 320 comprises transduction amplifier OTA, capacitor C 3 and Resetting Switching SW1.An input of transduction amplifier OTA receives and carries out according to output signal VOUT the branch pressure voltage DVOUT that dividing potential drop produces, and another input of transduction amplifier OTA receives with reference to earthed voltage GND, and the output of transduction amplifier OTA produces oblique wave electric current I RMP.That is to say, the transduction amplifier OTA in ripple injection circuit 320 is by gathering the ripple part of output signal VOUT, and to change the ripple gathering be partly oblique wave electric current I RMP.Capacitor C 3 couples the output of transduction amplifier OTA to receive oblique wave electric current I RMP to charge, and uses generation ramp voltage VRMP.
Subsidiary one carries, and one end of Resetting Switching SW1 is coupled to the output of transduction amplifier OTA, and its other end is coupled to reference to earthed voltage GND.Resetting Switching SW1 according to control signal CTRL with conducting or disconnection, and, when Resetting Switching SW1 is according to control signal CTRL during conducting, electric charge in capacitor C 3 can discharge by the Resetting Switching SW1 of conducting, and the voltage difference at two ends that makes capacitor C 3 once before oblique wave electric current I RMP, can keep the volt that equals zero on receiving.Because the ripple of output signal VOUT is partly periodically to produce, so oblique wave electric current I RMP also corresponds to periodically and produced, and also therefore, the conducting of Resetting Switching SW1 and disconnect action, also can occur periodically alternately.
In the present embodiment, fixedly ON time signal generator 310 comprises driver 311, logical operation circuit 312, adder 313 and comparator C MP1.Adder 313 receives from the ramp voltage VRMP of capacitor C 3 and branch pressure voltage DVOUT to carry out the action of voltage addition, and produces according to this feedback voltage V FB.Comparator C MP1 compares for feedback voltage V FB and reference signal REF, and comparative result is sent to logical operation circuit 312.The comparative result that logical operation circuit 312 produces for comparator C MP1 carries out logical operation, and logical operation is sent to driver 311.Driver 311 couples logical operation circuit 312, receives and produces and drive signal DRV1 and DRV2 according to the operation result of logical operation.
At this, the action details of logical operation circuit 312 and driver 311, the technology being well known to those skilled in the art, seldom repeats for this reason at this.
In addition, ripple injection circuit in the present embodiment 320 not directly receives output signal VOUT, but receive, carries out branch pressure voltage DVOUT that dividing potential drop produces carry out ripple collection partly and move by bleeder circuit 330 according to output signal VOUT.At this, bleeder circuit 330 comprises resistance R 1 and R2.One end of resistance R 1 is coupled to the output OT of electric pressure converter 300, and its other end is coupled to ripple injection circuit 320.One end of resistance R 2 is coupled to the output OT of resistance R 1 and electric pressure converter 300, and its other end is coupled to reference to earthed voltage GND.
Below please refer to Fig. 3 B, the oscillogram of the electric pressure converter 300 that Fig. 3 B is the embodiment of the present invention.By Fig. 3 B, can know discovery, the reduced output voltage voltage VOUT that electric pressure converter 300 produces can have stable ripple.
Below please refer to Fig. 4 A, the schematic diagram of the electric pressure converter 400 that Fig. 4 A is another embodiment of the present invention.Electric pressure converter 300 comprises fixedly ON time signal generator 410, ripple injection circuit 420, bleeder circuit 430, transistor M1 and M2, inductance L 1 and capacitor C 1.Not identical with the embodiment of Fig. 3 A, adder 413 is carried out addition for reference signal REF and ramp voltage VRMP, and produces feedback voltage V FB.Comparator C MP1 compares for feedback voltage V FB and branch pressure voltage DVOUT again, and comparative result is sent to logical operation circuit 412, logical operation circuit 412 can be produced according to this and drive signal DRV1 and DRV2.
Below please refer to Fig. 4 B, the oscillogram of the electric pressure converter 400 that Fig. 4 B is the embodiment of the present invention.By Fig. 4 B, can know discovery, the reduced output voltage voltage VOUT that electric pressure converter 400 produces can have stable ripple equally.
In sum, the present invention is by gathering the ripple part of output signal, make fixedly ON time signal generator produce driving signal according to ripple part, output signal and default reference signal, go forward side by side to control the transistorized switching action in electric pressure converter.Thus, electric pressure converter just can produce the reduced output voltage voltage with stable ripple.
Finally it should be noted that: each embodiment, only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit above; Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to aforementioned each embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or some or all of technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.

Claims (13)

1.一种电压转换器，其特征在于，包括：1. A voltage converter, characterized in that, comprising: 一固定导通时间信号产生器，产生一第一驱动信号以及一第二驱动信号；A fixed on-time signal generator, which generates a first driving signal and a second driving signal; 一第一晶体管，具有第一端、第二端以及控制端，其第一端接收一电源电压，其控制端接收该第一驱动信号；A first transistor has a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, the first terminal of which receives a power supply voltage, and the control terminal of which receives the first driving signal; 一第二晶体管，具有第一端、第二端以及控制端，该第二晶体管的第一端耦接该第一晶体管的第二端，该第二晶体管的控制端接收该第二驱动信号，该第二晶体管的第二端耦接至一参考接地电压；A second transistor has a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, the first terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the second terminal of the first transistor, the control terminal of the second transistor receives the second driving signal, The second terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a reference ground voltage; 一电感，串接在该第一晶体管的第二端与该电压转换器的输出端之间，该电压转换器的输出端上产生一输出信号；以及an inductor connected in series between the second terminal of the first transistor and the output terminal of the voltage converter, an output signal is generated on the output terminal of the voltage converter; and 一涟波注入电路，耦接至该输出信号，并依据该输出信号以产生一涟波注入信号，a ripple injection circuit, coupled to the output signal, and generates a ripple injection signal according to the output signal, 其中，该固定导通时间信号产生器依据该涟波注入信号、该输出信号以及一参考信号以产生该第一及该第二驱动信号。Wherein, the constant on-time signal generator generates the first and the second driving signals according to the ripple injection signal, the output signal and a reference signal. 2.根据权利要求1所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该涟波注入电路依据该涟波部分以产生一斜波电流，并依据该斜波电流来产生一斜波电压。2 . The voltage converter according to claim 1 , wherein the ripple injection circuit generates a ramp current according to the ripple portion, and generates a ramp voltage according to the ramp current. 3.根据权利要求2所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该涟波注入电路包括：3. The voltage converter according to claim 2, wherein the ripple injection circuit comprises: 一转导放大器，其一输入端接收该输出信号，另一输入端接收该参考接地电压，其输出端产生该斜波电流；以及a transconductance amplifier, one input end receives the output signal, the other input end receives the reference ground voltage, and the output end generates the ramp current; and 一电容，其第一端耦接该转导放大器的输出端及该固定导通时间信号产生器，其第二端耦接至该参考接地电压，该电容接收该斜波电流并在其第一端产生该斜波电压。A capacitor, the first terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the transconductance amplifier and the fixed on-time signal generator, and the second terminal of which is coupled to the reference ground voltage, the capacitor receives the ramp current and generates terminal to generate the ramp voltage. 4.根据权利要求2所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该涟波注入电路还包括：4. The voltage converter according to claim 2, wherein the ripple injection circuit further comprises: 一重置开关，与该电容并连耦接，该重置开关依据一控制信号以导通或断开。A reset switch is coupled in parallel with the capacitor, and the reset switch is turned on or off according to a control signal. 5.根据权利要求2所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该固定导通时间信号产生器加成该输出信号以及该斜波电压以产生一反馈信号，该固定导通时间信号产生器并依据比较该反馈信号以及该参考信号以产生该第一及该第二驱动信号。5. The voltage converter according to claim 2, wherein the constant on-time signal generator adds the output signal and the ramp voltage to generate a feedback signal, and the constant on-time signal generator and The first and the second driving signals are generated by comparing the feedback signal and the reference signal. 6.根据权利要求5所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该固定导通时间信号产生器包括：6. The voltage converter according to claim 5, wherein the constant on-time signal generator comprises: 一加法器，针对该输出信号以及该斜波电压进行加法运算以产生该反馈信号；以及an adder, performing addition operation on the output signal and the ramp voltage to generate the feedback signal; and 一比较器，接收该反馈信号以及该参考信号，该比较器依据比较该反馈信号以及该参考信号来产生一比较结果，a comparator, receiving the feedback signal and the reference signal, the comparator generates a comparison result based on comparing the feedback signal and the reference signal, 其中，该固定导通时间信号产生器依据该比较结果来产生该第一及该第二驱动信号。Wherein, the constant on-time signal generator generates the first and the second driving signals according to the comparison result. 7.根据权利要求6所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该固定导通时间信号产生器还包括：7. The voltage converter according to claim 6, wherein the constant on-time signal generator further comprises: 一逻辑运算电路，耦接该比较器的输出端，接收并针对该比较结果以进行一逻辑运算；以及a logic operation circuit, coupled to the output terminal of the comparator, receives and performs a logic operation on the comparison result; and 一驱动器，耦接该逻辑运算电路，接收并依据该逻辑运算的运算结果来产生该第一及该第二驱动信号。A driver, coupled to the logic operation circuit, receives and generates the first and the second drive signals according to the operation result of the logic operation. 8.根据权利要求2所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该固定导通时间信号产生器加成该参考信号与该斜波电压以产生一反馈信号，该固定导通时间信号产生器依据比较该反馈信号以及该输出信号以产生该第一及该第二驱动信号。8. The voltage converter according to claim 2, wherein the constant on-time signal generator adds the reference signal and the ramp voltage to generate a feedback signal, and the constant on-time signal generator is based on The feedback signal and the output signal are compared to generate the first and the second driving signals. 9.根据权利要求8所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该固定导通时间信号产生器包括：9. The voltage converter according to claim 8, wherein the constant on-time signal generator comprises: 一加法器，针对该参考信号以及该斜波电压进行加法运算以产生该反馈信号；以及an adder, performing addition operation on the reference signal and the ramp voltage to generate the feedback signal; and 一比较器，接收该反馈信号以及该输出信号，该比较器依据比较该反馈信号以及该输出信号来产生一比较结果，a comparator, receiving the feedback signal and the output signal, the comparator generates a comparison result according to comparing the feedback signal and the output signal, 其中，该固定导通时间信号产生器依据该比较结果来产生该第一及该第二驱动信号。Wherein, the constant on-time signal generator generates the first and the second driving signals according to the comparison result. 10.根据权利要求9所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该固定导通时间信号产生器还包括：10. The voltage converter according to claim 9, wherein the constant on-time signal generator further comprises: 一逻辑运算电路，耦接该比较器的输出端，接收并针对该比较结果以进行一逻辑运算；以及a logic operation circuit, coupled to the output terminal of the comparator, receives and performs a logic operation on the comparison result; and 一驱动器，耦接该逻辑运算电路，接收并依据该逻辑运算的运算结果来产生该第一及该第二驱动信号。A driver, coupled to the logic operation circuit, receives and generates the first and the second drive signals according to the operation result of the logic operation. 11.根据权利要求1所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，还包括：11. The voltage converter according to claim 1, further comprising: 一输出电容，其一端耦接至该电压转换器的输出端，其另一端耦接至该参考接地电压，an output capacitor, one end of which is coupled to the output end of the voltage converter, and the other end of which is coupled to the reference ground voltage, 其中，该输出电容为低等效串联电阻的电容。Wherein, the output capacitor is a capacitor with low equivalent series resistance. 12.根据权利要求1所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，还包括：12. The voltage converter according to claim 1, further comprising: 一分压电路，耦接在该涟波注入电路耦接该输出信号的路径间。A voltage dividing circuit is coupled between the paths where the ripple injection circuit is coupled to the output signal. 13.根据权利要求12所述的电压转换器，其特征在于，该分压电路包括：13. The voltage converter according to claim 12, wherein the voltage divider circuit comprises: 一第一电阻，其一端耦接至该电压转换器的输出端，其另一端耦接至该涟波注入电路；以及a first resistor, one end of which is coupled to the output end of the voltage converter, and the other end of which is coupled to the ripple injection circuit; and 一第二电阻，其一端耦接至该第一电阻及该电压转换器的输出端，其另一端耦接至该参考接地电压。A second resistor, one end of which is coupled to the first resistor and the output end of the voltage converter, and the other end of which is coupled to the reference ground voltage.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US9455632B1 (en) 2015-05-13 2016-09-27 Excelliance Mos Corporation Voltage converter
TWI555318B (en) * 2015-05-13 2016-10-21 杰力科技股份有限公司 Voltage converter
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CN107204747B (en) * 2016-03-16 2020-10-20 华邦电子股份有限公司 Front-end amplifier circuit
CN112967672A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-06-15 友达光电股份有限公司 Ramp wave generating circuit
CN112967672B (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-12-06 友达光电股份有限公司 Ramp generator circuit

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