CN104005863A - Diesel/natural gas active blending combustion electronic control system and method - Google Patents
Diesel/natural gas active blending combustion electronic control system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种柴油/天然气主动掺烧电子控制系统及方法，包括单片机，及分别与单片机连接的天然气喷嘴智能驱动电路、柴油喷嘴驱动电路、纯柴油模式/主动掺烧模式切换开关、负荷信号处理电路及自适应处理电路，所述负荷信号处理电路接收发动机负荷传感器检测信号，所述自适应处理电路接收曲轴位置传感器检测信号，所述曲轴位置传感器测量发动机曲轴的旋转位置与旋转速度。本发明与原厂柴油机电控系统是并联关系，不依赖原厂电控系统，实现对掺烧喷油量、喷气量和喷油定时的最优控制，从本质上避免双燃料被动掺烧时可能产生的爆震现象，保证双燃料发动机长期工作的可靠性。
The invention discloses an electronic control system and method for active blending of diesel oil/natural gas, comprising a single-chip microcomputer, an intelligent driving circuit for a natural gas nozzle connected to the single-chip microcomputer, a driving circuit for a diesel nozzle, a switching switch for pure diesel mode/active blending mode, and a load A signal processing circuit and an adaptive processing circuit, the load signal processing circuit receives the detection signal of the engine load sensor, the adaptive processing circuit receives the detection signal of the crankshaft position sensor, and the crankshaft position sensor measures the rotational position and rotational speed of the engine crankshaft. The present invention is in a parallel relationship with the original diesel engine electric control system, does not rely on the original electric control system, realizes the optimal control of the blended fuel injection volume, gas injection volume and fuel injection timing, and essentially avoids the dual-fuel passive blending The possible knocking phenomenon ensures the long-term reliability of the dual-fuel engine.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及发动机电子控制领域，特别涉及一种柴油/天然气主动掺烧电控系统及方法。The invention relates to the field of engine electronic control, in particular to an electronic control system and method for actively blending diesel oil/natural gas.
背景技术Background technique
在不对高压共轨柴油机的发动机机械部分做任何改动的前提下，给发动机加装一套天然气供气装置(一般采用发动机缸外进气道供气)就能实现柴油发动机掺烧天然气。由于是两种燃料同时燃烧，所以称之为掺烧，以区别单燃料燃烧。这种双燃料掺烧有两大优点：(1)柴油机及原厂配置的高压共轨柴油机电控系统不变，既符合中国法规的要求，又继续享受原厂的售后三包服务。(2)能取得省钱的经济效益与节能、环保的社会效益。On the premise of not making any changes to the engine mechanical part of the high-pressure common rail diesel engine, adding a set of natural gas supply device to the engine (generally using the intake port outside the engine cylinder) can realize the blending of natural gas in the diesel engine. Since two fuels are burned at the same time, it is called co-firing to distinguish single-fuel combustion. This kind of dual-fuel blending has two advantages: (1) The diesel engine and the high-pressure common rail diesel engine electronic control system configured by the original factory remain unchanged, which not only meets the requirements of Chinese regulations, but also continues to enjoy the original factory's after-sales three-guarantee service. (2) The economic benefit of saving money and the social benefit of energy saving and environmental protection can be obtained.
从功能方面看，柴油/天然气双燃料掺烧发动机系统分为柴油喷射控制与天然气喷射控制两部分。双燃料掺烧电控系统的核心是掺烧ECU(电子控制单元)。柴油/天然气掺烧中，柴油主要起引燃无法压燃的天然气作用，与纯柴油模式相比，掺烧时必须大幅减少原来柴油喷射量，所以目前双燃料系统着重于如何减少原厂ECU(电子控制单元)控制的柴油喷射量，主要有两大类方法：方法1，设计一个仿真器给原柴油电控系统提供仿真信号，使原厂ECU减少柴油供给量；方法2，设计电子开关，串联接入喷油嘴驱动回路，通过开关使原厂ECU的驱动脉冲不作用到喷油嘴上，从而减少柴油供给。但仅仅减少柴油喷射量存在着致命缺点:没有优化柴油的喷油定时(Timing)。当柴油发动机掺烧天然气时，柴油既充当燃料又充当点火装置。而原柴油机的柴油喷油定时都是根据纯柴油模式优化的，双燃料掺烧时，要根据工况，重新优化喷油定时。因此仅依靠原厂ECU是无法优化双燃料的柴油喷射定时，喷油定时不当，可能会导致发动机爆震，发生破坏发动机的严重事故。From the functional point of view, the diesel/natural gas dual fuel blending engine system is divided into two parts: diesel injection control and natural gas injection control. The core of the electronic control system for dual fuel blending is the blending ECU (Electronic Control Unit). In diesel/natural gas blending, diesel is mainly used to ignite natural gas that cannot be compressed and ignited. Compared with pure diesel mode, the amount of original diesel injection must be greatly reduced during blending. Therefore, the current dual-fuel system focuses on how to reduce the original ECU ( There are two main methods for the diesel injection quantity controlled by the electronic control unit: method 1, design an emulator to provide simulation signals to the original diesel electronic control system, so that the original ECU reduces the diesel supply; method 2, design an electronic switch, The fuel injector drive circuit is connected in series, and the driving pulse of the original ECU is not applied to the fuel injector through the switch, thereby reducing the diesel supply. But only reducing the amount of diesel injection has a fatal flaw: the fuel injection timing (Timing) of diesel is not optimized. When a diesel engine is blended with natural gas, diesel fuel acts as both a fuel and an ignition device. The diesel fuel injection timing of the original diesel engine is optimized according to the pure diesel mode. When dual-fuel blending is fired, the fuel injection timing must be re-optimized according to the working conditions. Therefore, it is impossible to optimize the dual-fuel diesel injection timing only by relying on the original ECU. Improper fuel injection timing may cause engine knocking and serious accidents that damage the engine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有双燃料系统完全依赖原厂ECU，无法主动控制柴油喷射的缺陷，本发明提供一种柴油/天然气主动掺烧电子控制系统及方法，既控制引燃柴油喷射量，又控制引燃柴油的喷射定时。In order to overcome the defect that the existing dual-fuel system completely relies on the original ECU and cannot actively control diesel injection, the present invention provides an electronic control system and method for active blending of diesel oil/natural gas, which not only controls the amount of diesel injection for ignition, but also controls the amount of ignition Diesel injection timing.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种柴油/天然气主动掺烧电子控制系统，包括单片机，及分别与单片机连接的天然气喷嘴智能驱动电路、柴油喷嘴驱动电路、纯柴油模式/主动掺烧模式切换开关、负荷信号处理电路及自适应处理电路，所述负荷信号处理电路接收发动机负荷传感器检测信号，所述自适应处理电路接收曲轴位置传感器检测信号。An electronic control system for actively blending diesel/natural gas, including a single-chip microcomputer, an intelligent driving circuit for a natural gas nozzle connected to the single-chip microcomputer, a diesel nozzle driving circuit, a switching switch for pure diesel mode/active blending mode, a load signal processing circuit, and an adaptive A processing circuit, the load signal processing circuit receives the detection signal of the engine load sensor, and the adaptive processing circuit receives the detection signal of the crankshaft position sensor.
所述单片机采用型号为TMS320F28035的单片机，所述单片机内置脉宽调制模块。The single-chip microcomputer adopts a single-chip microcomputer model TMS320F28035, and the single-chip microcomputer has a built-in pulse width modulation module.
所述负荷信号处理电路具体为巴特沃斯二阶滤波器。The load signal processing circuit is specifically a Butterworth second-order filter.
所述柴油喷嘴智能驱动电路的高端电压采用单一的升压电源。The high-end voltage of the diesel nozzle intelligent driving circuit adopts a single boosted power supply.
所述自适应处理电路采用L9741接口芯片，由差动自平衡滤波电路对交流信号性质的曲轴位置信号滤波，由单片机根据发动机运行工况改变L9741的比较门坎，实现对曲轴位置的自适应处理。The self-adaptive processing circuit adopts the L9741 interface chip, and the differential self-balancing filter circuit filters the crankshaft position signal of the AC signal nature, and the single-chip microcomputer changes the comparison threshold of the L9741 according to the engine operating conditions to realize the self-adaptive processing of the crankshaft position.
所述天然气喷嘴智能驱动电路包括天然气喷嘴，所述天然气喷嘴高端接电池正极，天然气喷嘴的低端接驱动场效应管VND14NV04作为功率驱动，由单片机测量流经接地电阻的驱动电流在电阻两端产生的电压，从而控制天然气喷嘴的驱动电流，实现峰值恒流驱动。The intelligent driving circuit of the natural gas nozzle includes a natural gas nozzle, the high end of the natural gas nozzle is connected to the positive pole of the battery, the low end of the natural gas nozzle is connected to the driving field effect transistor VND14NV04 as a power drive, and the driving current flowing through the grounding resistance is measured by the single-chip microcomputer and generated at both ends of the resistance The voltage, so as to control the driving current of the natural gas nozzle, and realize the peak constant current driving.
一种柴油/天然气的双燃料主动掺烧电子控制方法，包括单片机获得曲轴位置脉冲信号，并计算发动机转速，根据发动机转速采用速度密度法计算得到发动机气缸的进气质量流量，从而判断发动机的工作状态，所述工作状态包括重负荷、中负荷及轻负荷状态；An electronic control method for dual-fuel active blending of diesel oil/natural gas, including a single-chip microcomputer to obtain a crankshaft position pulse signal, and calculate the engine speed, and calculate the intake air mass flow rate of the engine cylinder by using the speed density method according to the engine speed, so as to judge the work of the engine state, the working state includes heavy load, medium load and light load state;
根据发动机不同状态，切换纯柴油模式及主动掺烧模式；According to different states of the engine, switch between pure diesel mode and active blending mode;
当选择纯柴油模式时，天然气喷嘴不工作，柴油喷嘴完全由原厂ECU控制；When the pure diesel mode is selected, the natural gas nozzle does not work, and the diesel nozzle is completely controlled by the original ECU;
当选择为主动掺烧模式时，则单片机根据台架试验标定的最佳喷油定时脉谱图获取喷油定时，把相应的喷油定时与喷油脉宽数据放入单片机内置的PWM模块中，驱动柴油喷嘴驱动电路，从而输出正确的喷油脉冲与喷气脉冲。When the active blending mode is selected, the single-chip microcomputer obtains the fuel injection timing according to the best fuel injection timing map calibrated by the bench test, and puts the corresponding fuel injection timing and fuel injection pulse width data into the built-in PWM module of the single-chip microcomputer , to drive the diesel nozzle drive circuit, so as to output the correct fuel injection pulse and air injection pulse.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1)掺烧电控系统不依赖于测量原厂ECU的喷油脉冲宽度，决定燃料供应量，而是通过测量发动机负荷与转速，根据发动机控制模型计算所需的燃料量。(1) The mixed combustion electronic control system does not rely on measuring the fuel injection pulse width of the original ECU to determine the fuel supply, but calculates the required fuel quantity according to the engine control model by measuring the engine load and speed.
(2)通过掺烧电控系统自己的柴油喷嘴驱动电路，自由地控制喷油定时，实现掺烧天然气的最优点火时刻控制，从燃烧本质上避免爆震的发生，保护发动机机械部件，同时实现最佳燃烧效果，以取得最佳燃烧经济性。(2) Through the diesel nozzle drive circuit of the blending combustion electronic control system, the fuel injection timing can be freely controlled to realize the optimal ignition timing control of blending natural gas, avoid the occurrence of knocking from the essence of combustion, and protect the mechanical parts of the engine. Achieve optimum combustion for optimum combustion economy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的主动掺烧电控系统结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the active blending and burning electric control system of the present invention;
图2是本发明自适应处理电路示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive processing circuit of the present invention;
图3是本发明天然气喷嘴智能驱动电路示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent driving circuit of the natural gas nozzle of the present invention;
图4是本发明纯柴油模式/主动掺烧模式切换开关原理图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pure diesel mode/active blending mode switching switch of the present invention;
图5是柴油喷嘴智能驱动电路示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a diesel nozzle intelligent drive circuit;
图6是单片机的工作流程图。Figure 6 is a flowchart of the work of the microcontroller.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例及附图，对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例Example
如图1所示，一种柴油/天然气的双燃料主动掺烧电子控制系统，包括单片机，及分别与单片机连接的天然气喷嘴智能驱动电路、柴油喷嘴驱动电路、纯柴油模式/主动掺烧模式切换开关、负荷信号处理电路及自适应处理电路，所述负荷信号处理电路接收发动机负荷传感器检测信号，所述自适应处理电路接收曲轴位置传感器检测信号，所述曲轴位置传感器测量发动机曲轴的旋转位置与旋转速度。As shown in Figure 1, an electronic control system for dual-fuel active blending of diesel/natural gas, including a single-chip microcomputer, and a natural gas nozzle intelligent drive circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, a diesel nozzle drive circuit, pure diesel mode/active blending mode switching switch, a load signal processing circuit and an adaptive processing circuit, the load signal processing circuit receives the engine load sensor detection signal, the adaptive processing circuit receives the crankshaft position sensor detection signal, and the crankshaft position sensor measures the rotational position and spinning speed.
所述的发动机负荷传感器采用进气压力/进气温度一体式传感器，所述的曲轴位置传感器为电磁感应式传感器。The engine load sensor adopts an integrated intake air pressure/intake air temperature sensor, and the crankshaft position sensor is an electromagnetic induction sensor.
所述的负荷信号处理电路是由运算放大器构成的二阶巴特沃斯低通滤波器，对发动机的进气压力、进气温度信号进行调整、滤波处理。The load signal processing circuit is a second-order Butterworth low-pass filter composed of an operational amplifier, which adjusts and filters the intake air pressure and intake air temperature signals of the engine.
如图2所示，所述的自适应处理电路采用L9741接口芯片，所述自适应处理电路海报差动自平衡滤波电路，由外加的差动自平衡滤波电路对交流信号性质的曲轴位置信号滤波，由单片机根据发动机运行工况改变L9741的比较门坎，实现对曲轴位置的自适应处理。As shown in Figure 2, the self-adaptive processing circuit adopts the L9741 interface chip, and the self-adaptive processing circuit uses a differential self-balancing filter circuit, and the crankshaft position signal of the nature of the AC signal is filtered by the additional differential self-balancing filter circuit According to the operating conditions of the engine, the comparison threshold of L9741 is changed by the single-chip microcomputer, so as to realize the self-adaptive processing of the crankshaft position.
发动机曲轴位置传感器采用电磁感应式传感器。该信号是交流信号，其幅值与频率随发动机转速变化通过电容C1、C2滤除曲轴位置信号NE+、NE-上的共模干扰，通过电容C3、C4、R1组成的RC低通滤波电路，滤除曲轴信号上的串模高频干扰，滤波后的曲轴信号经限流电阻R2，R3分别与加法器与比较器连接，加法器的作用是由单片机通过软件控制比较器负端电压大小，从而控制比较电压门坎，实现曲轴信号的自适应处理。最后比较器输出能被单片机接受的直流脉冲信号Ne，单片机计算出曲轴旋转位置与转速。The engine crankshaft position sensor adopts electromagnetic induction sensor. This signal is an AC signal, and its amplitude and frequency change with the engine speed through the capacitors C 1 and C 2 to filter out the common mode interference on the crankshaft position signal NE+ and NE-, and through the RC composed of capacitors C 3 , C 4 and R 1 The low-pass filter circuit filters out the series-mode high-frequency interference on the crankshaft signal. The filtered crankshaft signal is connected to the adder and comparator respectively through the current-limiting resistors R 2 and R 3 . The function of the adder is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer through software. The magnitude of the negative terminal voltage of the comparator controls the comparison voltage threshold and realizes the adaptive processing of the crankshaft signal. Finally, the comparator outputs a DC pulse signal Ne that can be accepted by the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer calculates the rotational position and rotational speed of the crankshaft.
如图3所示，所述天然气喷嘴智能驱动电路的天然气喷嘴高端接电池正极Vbatt，天然气喷嘴的低端接驱动场效应管VND14NV04漏极Ｄ，VND14NV04的源极经电流测量电阻Rshunt接地，为保证喷嘴正常开启，Rshunt阻值很小，Rshunt两端的电压很小(约几十毫伏)，所以把电阻两端电压v+,v-分别接至差动放大器v1,v2的正输入，构成平衡差动放大电路，信号经过滤波放大变为单片机能接受的电压信号VI，单片机根据VI大小，控制VND14NV04门极的通断，从而控制喷气嘴驱动电流，与纯硬件的驱动电流控制不同，单片机可根据发动机运行工况，优化喷嘴的驱动电流，实现喷气嘴的智能驱动。As shown in Fig. 3, the high end of the natural gas nozzle of the natural gas nozzle intelligent drive circuit is connected to the positive pole V batt of the battery, the low end of the natural gas nozzle is connected to the drain D of the drive field effect transistor VND14NV04, and the source of the VND14NV04 is grounded through the current measuring resistor R shunt . In order to ensure the normal opening of the nozzle, the resistance value of R shunt is very small, and the voltage at both ends of R shunt is very small (about tens of millivolts), so the voltages v + and v - at both ends of the resistor are respectively connected to the differential amplifier v 1 and v 2 The positive input of the positive input constitutes a balanced differential amplifier circuit. The signal is filtered and amplified into a voltage signal V I that the microcontroller can accept. The microcontroller controls the on-off of the gate of VND14NV04 according to the size of VI , thereby controlling the drive current of the air nozzle, which is similar to pure hardware. The drive current control is different. The single-chip microcomputer can optimize the drive current of the nozzle according to the operating conditions of the engine to realize the intelligent drive of the nozzle.
如图4所示，所述的纯柴油模式/主动掺烧模式切换开关采用场效应管SWh1、SWh2作为高端开关，SWl1、SWl2作为低端开关，由掺烧电控系统决定柴油喷嘴1是被原厂ECU控制还是被掺烧电控系统的掺烧ECU控制。As shown in Figure 4, the pure diesel mode/active blending mode switching switch uses field effect transistors SWh 1 and SWh 2 as high-end switches, and SWl 1 and SWl 2 as low-end switches. Whether the nozzle 1 is controlled by the original ECU or the blending ECU of the blending electric control system.
柴油喷嘴1的高端H与低端L分别与作为选择开关的场效应管连接。高端H通过SWh1,SWh2分别与原厂ECU喷嘴驱动高边H1和掺烧ECU驱动高边H2相连。柴油喷嘴的低端L通过SWl1,SWl2分别与原厂ECU喷嘴驱动低边L1和掺烧ECU驱动低边L2相连。当选择纯柴油模式，SWh1、SWl1导通，SWh2、SWl2关断；当选择掺烧模式，则SWh1、SWl1关断，SWh2、SWl2导通，此时柴油喷射的喷油定时与喷油量完全由掺烧ECU决定，即实现了主动掺烧控制。The high end H and the low end L of the diesel nozzle 1 are respectively connected with field effect transistors as selector switches. The high-end H is connected to the original ECU nozzle drive high side H1 and the blended ECU drive high side H2 through SWh 1 and SWh 2 respectively. The low end L of the diesel nozzle is connected to the low end L1 of the nozzle drive of the original ECU and the low end L2 of the blended combustion ECU through SWl 1 and SWl 2 respectively. When pure diesel mode is selected, SWh 1 and SWl 1 are turned on, and SWh 2 and SWl 2 are turned off; when blended combustion mode is selected, SWh 1 and SWl 1 are turned off, and SWh 2 and SWl 2 are turned on. The fuel injection timing and fuel injection quantity are completely determined by the blending ECU, which realizes active blending control.
如图5所示，所述柴油喷嘴驱动电路采用高端场效应管与低端场效应管构成柴油喷嘴的峰值恒流驱动。高端电压VBoost是电池电压VBatt通过DC/DC升压转换得到。低边驱动管选择与发动机做功气缸对应的喷嘴，高边驱动管根据测量电流进行PWM控制，与喷气嘴类似，柴油喷嘴驱动电流也是由单片机软件智能控制，相应的最优峰值电流与最优恒定电流随发动机工况变化。As shown in FIG. 5 , the diesel nozzle drive circuit uses a high-end FET and a low-end FET to form a peak constant current drive for the diesel nozzle. The high-end voltage V Boost is obtained through DC/DC boost conversion of the battery voltage V Batt . The low-side drive tube selects the nozzle corresponding to the engine’s working cylinder, and the high-side drive tube performs PWM control according to the measured current. Similar to the jet nozzle, the diesel nozzle drive current is also intelligently controlled by the single-chip software. The corresponding optimal peak current and optimal constant Current varies with engine operating conditions.
如图6所示，一种柴油/天然气的双燃料主动掺烧电子控制方法，包括单片机上电初始化，单片机获得曲轴位置脉冲信号，并计算发动机转速，根据发动机转速采用速度密度法计算得到发动机气缸的进气充量，从而判断发动机的工作状态，所述工作状态包括重负荷、中负荷及轻负荷状态；As shown in Figure 6, an electronic control method for dual-fuel active blending of diesel/natural gas, including power-on initialization of the single-chip microcomputer, the single-chip microcomputer obtains the crankshaft position pulse signal, and calculates the engine speed, and calculates the engine cylinder according to the speed density method according to the engine speed. The intake charge of the engine can be determined to determine the working state of the engine, which includes heavy load, medium load and light load;
若是轻负荷状态，则选择纯柴油模式，天然气喷嘴不工作，柴油喷嘴完全由原厂ECU控制；If it is in a light load state, select pure diesel mode, the natural gas nozzle does not work, and the diesel nozzle is completely controlled by the original ECU;
否则选择掺烧模式，根据发动机负荷与转速确定相应的最佳掺烧比，根据台架试验标定的脉谱图确定最佳喷油定时，把相应的喷油定时与喷油脉宽数据放入单片机内置的PWM模块中，驱动柴油喷嘴驱动电路，从而输出正确的喷油脉冲与喷气脉冲。Otherwise, select the blending mode, determine the corresponding optimal blending ratio according to the engine load and speed, determine the best fuel injection timing according to the map calibrated by the bench test, and put the corresponding fuel injection timing and fuel injection pulse width data into the The built-in PWM module of the microcontroller drives the diesel nozzle drive circuit to output the correct fuel injection pulse and air injection pulse.
本发明主动掺烧电控系统与原厂柴油机电控系统是并联关系，能不依赖原厂电控系统，实现对掺烧喷油量、喷气量和喷油定时的最优控制，从本质上避免双燃料被动掺烧时可能产生的爆震现象，保证双燃料发动机长期工作的可靠性。The active blending electric control system of the present invention is connected in parallel with the original diesel engine electric control system, and can realize the optimal control of blending fuel injection volume, air injection volume and fuel injection timing without relying on the original factory electric control system. Avoid the knocking phenomenon that may occur when the dual fuel is passively blended, and ensure the reliability of the dual fuel engine for long-term operation.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions and combinations made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention , simplification, all should be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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