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CN103994746A - Measuring point selecting method of three-coordinate measuring machine for measuring flatness - Google Patents

Measuring point selecting method of three-coordinate measuring machine for measuring flatness Download PDF

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CN103994746A
CN103994746A CN201410196650.8A CN201410196650A CN103994746A CN 103994746 A CN103994746 A CN 103994746A CN 201410196650 A CN201410196650 A CN 201410196650A CN 103994746 A CN103994746 A CN 103994746A
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plane
flatness
measuring point
tested
measurement
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CN103994746B (en
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李明
冯祝雷
丁海东
詹高伟
柳静
韦庆玥
肖武华
郑现坤
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种三坐标测量机测量平面度的测点选取方法,其步骤是:(1)设一个被测平面的平面度测量公差值为,设一个平面A为理想平面,其平面度测量公差值为零;(2)采用三坐标测量机对被测平面进行测量,得到被测平面的平面度,长度和宽度;(3)将被测平面的长度方向、宽度方向、垂直于被测平面方向设定为空间直角坐标系;(4)采用均匀划分平面的方法对被测平面进行均匀划分、拟合,得到拟合平面;(5)定义确定被测平面测量平面度的测点的阈值,判断第 个网格划分所得的拟合平面的平面度测量置信度是否大于或等于被测平面测量平面度的测点的阈值,确定被测平面测量平面度的测点。该方法既能真实反映所测平面的平面度,又能提高测量平面度的测量效率。

The invention discloses a method for selecting measuring points for measuring flatness by a three-coordinate measuring machine. The steps are: (1) setting the flatness measurement tolerance value of a measured plane as , set a plane A as an ideal plane, and its flatness measurement tolerance value is zero; (2) use a three-coordinate measuring machine to measure the measured plane to obtain the flatness, length and width of the measured plane; (3) set The length direction of the measured plane, the width direction, and the direction perpendicular to the measured plane are set as a space Cartesian coordinate system; (4) the method of evenly dividing the plane is used to evenly divide and fit the measured plane to obtain the fitting plane; ( 5) Define the threshold value of the measuring point for determining the flatness of the measured plane, and judge the first Whether the flatness measurement confidence degree of the fitted plane obtained by grid division is greater than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point for measuring the flatness of the measured plane, and determine the measuring point for measuring the flatness of the measured plane. The method can not only truly reflect the flatness of the measured plane, but also improve the measurement efficiency of measuring the flatness.

Description

The measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method measuring flatness, especially a kind of measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness.
Background technology
Flatness is one of main project of form tolerance, and the measurement of flatness has great significance in geometric measurement.According to the regulation of form and position tolerance national standard, flatness error refers to the variation of measured surface to ideal plane, and the orientation of ideal plane should meet minimal condition, its orientation should make measured surface to the maximum variation of ideal surfaced for minimum.In the measurement of planeness, measuring point is chosen has larger impact to flatness precision.Due to the measuring point of measurement plane degree, choose very fewly, can lose too much information, can not truly reflect the flatness of lining face; Because the measuring point of measurement plane degree is chosen too much, can introduce gibberish, reduce and measure efficiency.Therefore,, in three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness, how reasonably choosing measuring point just becomes a major issue.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve and set under flatness accuracy requirement, can truly reflect the flatness of lining face, can improve again the technical matters of the measurement efficiency of measurement plane degree, and a kind of measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A measuring point choosing method for three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness, concrete steps are:
(1) measurement of planeness tolerance value of, establishing a tested plane is , use three coordinate measuring machine to gather tested plane measuring point, establishing a plane A is ideal plane, the measurement of planeness tolerance value of ideal plane A is zero, =0;
(2), according to existing method measuring flatness, adopt three coordinate measuring machine to measure tested plane, obtain the flatness tolerance value of tested plane , length and width ;
(3), by the length direction of tested plane, Width, be set as respectively rectangular coordinate system in space perpendicular to tested in-plane direction of principal axis, direction of principal axis, direction of principal axis;
(4), adopt method and the least square matrix fitting method of evenly dividing plane evenly to divide and matching tested plane, obtain fit Plane;
(5), the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in definition, judges successively the whether the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, determines the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
The described employing of above-mentioned steps (4) is evenly divided method and the least square matrix fitting method of plane tested plane is evenly divided and matching, obtains fit Plane, and concrete steps are as follows:
(4-1), adopt even method of dividing plane by tested plane be divided into uniform grid, wherein, , , for the integer rounding up, by above-mentioned each grid element center point, be measurement point successively, the coordinate of each measurement point is , wherein, ;
(4-2),, by the equation of measuring point coordinate substitution fit Plane in tested plane, its expression formula is:
(1)
(4-3), by least square matrix fitting method, the equation of above-mentioned fit Plane is converted to least square linear system of equations, determines the position of fit Plane, obtain fit Plane, its expression formula is:
(2)
Solve linear equations (2) obtains:
for fit Plane equation coefficient,
for fit Plane equation coefficient,
constant for fit Plane equation;
The threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in the described definition of above-mentioned steps (5), judges successively the whether the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, determines the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, and it is specific as follows:
(5-1), establish the plane equation that individual grid is divided the fit Plane of gained is:
(3)
Wherein, , be respectively that least square matrix fitting method draws the fit Plane equation of individual grid division gained , coefficient, for least square matrix fitting method draw individual grid is divided the constant of the fit Plane equation of gained, is set in the in the fit Plane of individual grid division gained, divide the region of gained , its scope is: , for the length of measured tested plane, , for the width of measured tested plane,
Be set in the region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane the region of middle division gained , its scope is: , for the flatness tolerance value of measured tested plane,
The region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane the region of the gained of middle division area and individual grid is divided the regions of dividing gained in the fit Plane of gained area compare, its ratio is defined as the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / );
(5-2), the measuring accuracy requirement according to designer to tested plane, the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of establishing fit Plane is , definition for determining the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, that is, / = ;
(5-3), judge successively the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of tested plane surveying flatness to be chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, it is specific as follows:
If the the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, finish, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness; Otherwise, then judge the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, by that analogy, until the the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts method and the least square matrix fitting method of even division plane, tested plane is evenly divided and matching, obtain fit Plane, determine the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, the flatness that can truly reflect lining face, can improve again the measurement efficiency of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the measuring point choosing method of a kind of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the flatness of three coordinate measuring engine measurement plane of the present invention, in figure, in rectangular coordinate system in space axle, axle, axle, for ideal plane, region for individual grid is divided the region of dividing in the fit Plane of gained, region for the region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane the region of middle division gained, flatness tolerance value for measured tested plane;
Fig. 3 (a) is tested plane of the present invention be divided into the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point;
Fig. 3 (b) is tested plane of the present invention be divided into the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point;
Fig. 3 (c) is tested plane of the present invention be divided into the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point;
Fig. 3 (d) is tested plane of the present invention be divided into the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instantiation, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the measuring point choosing method of a kind of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness of the present invention, concrete steps are:
(1) measurement of planeness tolerance value of, establishing a tested plane is , use three coordinate measuring machine to gather tested plane measuring point, establishing a plane A is ideal plane, the measurement of planeness tolerance value of ideal plane A is zero, =0;
(2), according to existing method measuring flatness, adopt three coordinate measuring machine to tested plane surveying, obtain the flatness tolerance value of tested plane , length and width ;
(3), by the length direction of tested plane, Width, be set as respectively rectangular coordinate system in space perpendicular to tested in-plane direction of principal axis, direction of principal axis, direction of principal axis;
(4), adopt method and the least square matrix fitting method of evenly dividing plane evenly to divide and matching tested plane, obtain fit Plane, be specially:
(4-1), adopt even method of dividing plane by tested plane be divided into uniform grid, wherein, , , for the integer rounding up, by above-mentioned each grid element center point, be measurement point successively, the coordinate of each measurement point is , wherein, .As shown in Fig. 3 (a), tested plane length/width ( / ) be 2, get , , adopt the method for evenly dividing plane by tested plane be divided into uniform grid, tested plane is divided into four little lattice altogether, take each little lattice central point is measurement point, carries out the measurement of planeness, the coordinate of each measurement point is , wherein, , with each measuring point , , coordinate fitting plane, if the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of dividing gained can not meet the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, and length limit is divided into 3 parts, and minor face is divided into 2 parts by length breadth ratio equal proportion, as shown in Fig. 3 (b), by tested plane be divided into uniform grid, take each little lattice central point is measurement point, carries out the measurement of planeness, the coordinate of each measurement point is , wherein, , with each measuring point , , coordinate fitting plane, by that analogy, long limit is divided and be take 1 as increment at every turn, and minor face is divided by length breadth ratio equal proportion, and as shown in Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 3 (d), every little lattice central point of take is measurement point, carries out the measurement of planeness, and the coordinate of each measurement point is , wherein, , with each measuring point , , coordinate fitting plane, until the degree of confidence of the measurement of planeness is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness;
(4-2),, by the equation of grid measuring point coordinate substitution fit Plane in tested plane, its expression formula is:
(1)
(4-3), by least square matrix fitting method, the equation of above-mentioned fit Plane is converted to least square linear system of equations, determines the position that fits to plane, obtain fit Plane, its expression formula is:
(2)
Solve linear equations (2) obtains:
for fit Plane equation coefficient,
for fit Plane equation coefficient,
constant for fit Plane equation;
(5), the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in definition, judges successively the the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, determine the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, it is specific as follows:
(5-1), establish the plane equation that individual grid is divided the fit Plane of gained is:
(3)
Wherein, , be respectively that least square matrix fitting method draws the fit Plane equation of individual grid division gained , coefficient, for least square matrix fitting method draw individual grid is divided the constant of the fit Plane equation of gained,
Be set in in the fit Plane of individual grid division gained, divide the region of gained , its scope is: , for the length of measured tested plane, , for the width of measured tested plane,
Be set in the region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane the region of middle division gained , its scope is: , for the flatness tolerance value of measured tested plane,
The region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane the region of middle division gained area and individual grid is divided the regions of dividing gained in the fit Plane of gained area compare, its ratio is defined as the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / );
(5-2), the measuring accuracy requirement according to designer to tested plane, the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of establishing fit Plane is , definition for determining the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, that is, / = ;
(5-3), judge successively the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of tested plane surveying flatness is chosen for to the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, it is specific as follows:
If the the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, finish, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness; Otherwise, then judge the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) whether be more than or equal to the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness, by that analogy, until the the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
The measuring point choosing method of a kind of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness of the present invention, chooses the measurement point of measurement plane degree, reduces the error that measuring method produces, and has improved precision and the efficiency of the measurement of planeness.

Claims (3)

1. a measuring point choosing method for three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness, is characterized in that, its concrete steps are:
(1) measurement of planeness tolerance value of, establishing a tested plane is , use three coordinate measuring machine to gather tested plane and carry out measuring point, establishing a plane A is ideal plane, the measurement of planeness tolerance value of ideal plane A is zero, =0;
(2), according to existing method measuring flatness, adopt three coordinate measuring machine to measure tested plane, obtain the flatness tolerance value of tested plane , length and width ;
(3), by the length direction of tested plane, Width, be decided to be respectively rectangular coordinate system in space perpendicular to tested in-plane direction of principal axis, direction of principal axis, direction of principal axis;
(4), adopt method and the least square matrix fitting method of evenly dividing plane evenly to divide and matching tested plane, obtain fit Plane;
(5), the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in definition, judges successively the whether the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of individual grid division gained fit Plane is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, determines the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
2. the measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described employing of above-mentioned steps (4) is evenly divided method and the least square matrix fitting method of plane tested plane is evenly divided and matching, obtain fit Plane, concrete steps are as follows:
(4-1), adopt even method of dividing plane by tested plane be divided into uniform grid, wherein, , , for the integer rounding up, by above-mentioned each grid element center point, be measurement point successively, the coordinate of each measurement point is , wherein, ;
(4-2),, by the equation of grid measuring point coordinate substitution fit Plane in tested plane, its expression formula is:
(1)
(4-3), by least square matrix fitting method, the equation of above-mentioned fit Plane is converted to least square linear system of equations, determines the position that fits to plane, obtain fit Plane, its expression formula is:
(2)
Solve linear equations (2), obtains:
for fit Plane equation coefficient,
for fit Plane equation coefficient,
constant for fit Plane equation.
3. the measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in the described definition of above-mentioned steps (5), judges successively the whether the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, determines the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, and it is specific as follows:
(5-1), establish the plane equation that individual grid is divided the fit Plane of gained is:
(3)
Wherein, , be respectively that least square matrix fitting method draws the fit Plane equation of individual grid division gained , coefficient, for least square matrix fitting method draw individual grid is divided the constant of the fit Plane equation of gained,
Be set in in the fit Plane of individual grid division gained, divide the region of gained , its scope is: , for the length of measured tested plane, , for the width of measured tested plane,
Be set in the region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane the region of middle division gained , its scope is: , for the flatness tolerance value of measured tested plane,
The region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane the region of the gained of middle division area and individual grid is divided the regions of dividing gained in the fit Plane of gained area compare, its ratio is defined as the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / );
(5-2), the measuring accuracy requirement according to designer to tested plane, the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of establishing fit Plane is , definition for determining the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, that is, / = ;
(5-3), judge successively individual grid divide institute must fit Plane measurement of planeness degree of confidence ( / ) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the threshold value measuring point that meets the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is chosen for to the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, it is specific as follows:
If the the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, finish, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness; Otherwise, then judge the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of+1 grid division gained ( / ) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, by that analogy, until the the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained ( / ) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
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CN112945150A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-06-11 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 Large structure flatness detection method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology

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CN106444364A (en) * 2015-08-11 2017-02-22 冯黎 Three-coordinate measurement point operation and control system based on real-time measurement point track
CN105180884A (en) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-23 哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司 Scavenge oil pump selecting and matching method
CN105890550A (en) * 2016-04-22 2016-08-24 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 Sheet wheel flatness detection apparatus and method
CN106500633A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-03-15 苏州逸美德科技有限公司 A kind of measurement method of planeness
CN112665535A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-04-16 中冶天工集团有限公司 Method for measuring wall surface flatness
CN112945150A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-06-11 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 Large structure flatness detection method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology

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