The measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method measuring flatness, especially a kind of measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness.
Background technology
Flatness is one of main project of form tolerance, and the measurement of flatness has great significance in geometric measurement.According to the regulation of form and position tolerance national standard, flatness error refers to the variation of measured surface to ideal plane, and the orientation of ideal plane should meet minimal condition, its orientation should make measured surface to the maximum variation of ideal surfaced for minimum.In the measurement of planeness, measuring point is chosen has larger impact to flatness precision.Due to the measuring point of measurement plane degree, choose very fewly, can lose too much information, can not truly reflect the flatness of lining face; Because the measuring point of measurement plane degree is chosen too much, can introduce gibberish, reduce and measure efficiency.Therefore,, in three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness, how reasonably choosing measuring point just becomes a major issue.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve and set under flatness accuracy requirement, can truly reflect the flatness of lining face, can improve again the technical matters of the measurement efficiency of measurement plane degree, and a kind of measuring point choosing method of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A measuring point choosing method for three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness, concrete steps are:
(1) measurement of planeness tolerance value of, establishing a tested plane is
, use three coordinate measuring machine to gather tested plane measuring point, establishing a plane A is ideal plane, the measurement of planeness tolerance value of ideal plane A is zero,
=0;
(2), according to existing method measuring flatness, adopt three coordinate measuring machine to measure tested plane, obtain the flatness tolerance value of tested plane
, length
and width
;
(3), by the length direction of tested plane, Width, be set as respectively rectangular coordinate system in space perpendicular to tested in-plane
direction of principal axis,
direction of principal axis,
direction of principal axis;
(4), adopt method and the least square matrix fitting method of evenly dividing plane evenly to divide and matching tested plane, obtain fit Plane;
(5), the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in definition, judges successively the
whether the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, determines the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
The described employing of above-mentioned steps (4) is evenly divided method and the least square matrix fitting method of plane tested plane is evenly divided and matching, obtains fit Plane, and concrete steps are as follows:
(4-1), adopt even method of dividing plane by tested plane
be divided into
uniform grid, wherein,
,
,
for the integer rounding up, by above-mentioned each grid element center point, be measurement point successively, the coordinate of each measurement point is
, wherein,
;
(4-2),, by the equation of measuring point coordinate substitution fit Plane in tested plane, its expression formula is:
(1)
(4-3), by least square matrix fitting method, the equation of above-mentioned fit Plane is converted to least square linear system of equations, determines the position of fit Plane, obtain fit Plane, its expression formula is:
(2)
Solve linear equations (2) obtains:
for fit Plane equation
coefficient,
for fit Plane equation
coefficient,
constant for fit Plane equation;
The threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in the described definition of above-mentioned steps (5), judges successively the
whether the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, determines the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, and it is specific as follows:
(5-1), establish
the plane equation that individual grid is divided the fit Plane of gained is:
(3)
Wherein,
,
be respectively that least square matrix fitting method draws
the fit Plane equation of individual grid division gained
,
coefficient,
for least square matrix fitting method draw
individual grid is divided the constant of the fit Plane equation of gained, is set in the
in the fit Plane of individual grid division gained, divide the region of gained
, its scope is:
,
for the length of measured tested plane,
,
for the width of measured tested plane,
Be set in the region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane
the region of middle division gained
, its scope is:
,
for the flatness tolerance value of measured tested plane,
The region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane
the region of the gained of middle division
area and
individual grid is divided the regions of dividing gained in the fit Plane of gained
area compare, its ratio is defined as
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
);
(5-2), the measuring accuracy requirement according to designer to tested plane, the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of establishing fit Plane is
, definition
for determining the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, that is,
/
=
;
(5-3), judge successively
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of tested plane surveying flatness to be chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, it is specific as follows:
If the
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, finish, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness; Otherwise, then judge
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, by that analogy, until the
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts method and the least square matrix fitting method of even division plane, tested plane is evenly divided and matching, obtain fit Plane, determine the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, the flatness that can truly reflect lining face, can improve again the measurement efficiency of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the measuring point choosing method of a kind of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the flatness of three coordinate measuring engine measurement plane of the present invention, in figure, in rectangular coordinate system in space
axle,
axle,
axle,
for ideal plane, region
for
individual grid is divided the region of dividing in the fit Plane of gained, region
for the region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane
the region of middle division gained,
flatness tolerance value for measured tested plane;
Fig. 3 (a) is tested plane of the present invention
be divided into
the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point;
Fig. 3 (b) is tested plane of the present invention
be divided into
the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point;
Fig. 3 (c) is tested plane of the present invention
be divided into
the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point;
Fig. 3 (d) is tested plane of the present invention
be divided into
the measuring point of grid choose schematic diagram, in figure, "+" is expressed as grid element center point.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instantiation, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the measuring point choosing method of a kind of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness of the present invention, concrete steps are:
(1) measurement of planeness tolerance value of, establishing a tested plane is
, use three coordinate measuring machine to gather tested plane measuring point, establishing a plane A is ideal plane, the measurement of planeness tolerance value of ideal plane A is zero,
=0;
(2), according to existing method measuring flatness, adopt three coordinate measuring machine to tested plane surveying, obtain the flatness tolerance value of tested plane
, length
and width
;
(3), by the length direction of tested plane, Width, be set as respectively rectangular coordinate system in space perpendicular to tested in-plane
direction of principal axis,
direction of principal axis,
direction of principal axis;
(4), adopt method and the least square matrix fitting method of evenly dividing plane evenly to divide and matching tested plane, obtain fit Plane, be specially:
(4-1), adopt even method of dividing plane by tested plane
be divided into
uniform grid, wherein,
,
,
for the integer rounding up, by above-mentioned each grid element center point, be measurement point successively, the coordinate of each measurement point is
, wherein,
.As shown in Fig. 3 (a), tested plane length/width (
/
) be 2, get
,
, adopt the method for evenly dividing plane by tested plane
be divided into
uniform grid, tested plane is divided into four little lattice altogether, take each little lattice central point is measurement point, carries out the measurement of planeness, the coordinate of each measurement point is
, wherein,
, with each measuring point
,
,
coordinate fitting plane, if
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of dividing gained can not meet the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, and length limit is divided into 3 parts, and minor face is divided into 2 parts by length breadth ratio equal proportion, as shown in Fig. 3 (b), by tested plane
be divided into
uniform grid, take each little lattice central point is measurement point, carries out the measurement of planeness, the coordinate of each measurement point is
, wherein,
, with each measuring point
,
,
coordinate fitting plane, by that analogy, long limit is divided and be take 1 as increment at every turn, and minor face is divided by length breadth ratio equal proportion, and as shown in Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 3 (d), every little lattice central point of take is measurement point, carries out the measurement of planeness, and the coordinate of each measurement point is
, wherein,
, with each measuring point
,
,
coordinate fitting plane, until the degree of confidence of the measurement of planeness is more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness;
(4-2),, by the equation of grid measuring point coordinate substitution fit Plane in tested plane, its expression formula is:
(1)
(4-3), by least square matrix fitting method, the equation of above-mentioned fit Plane is converted to least square linear system of equations, determines the position that fits to plane, obtain fit Plane, its expression formula is:
(2)
Solve linear equations (2) obtains:
for fit Plane equation
coefficient,
for fit Plane equation
coefficient,
constant for fit Plane equation;
(5), the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness is determined in definition, judges successively the
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, determine the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, it is specific as follows:
(5-1), establish
the plane equation that individual grid is divided the fit Plane of gained is:
(3)
Wherein,
,
be respectively that least square matrix fitting method draws
the fit Plane equation of individual grid division gained
,
coefficient,
for least square matrix fitting method draw
individual grid is divided the constant of the fit Plane equation of gained,
Be set in
in the fit Plane of individual grid division gained, divide the region of gained
, its scope is:
,
for the length of measured tested plane,
,
for the width of measured tested plane,
Be set in the region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane
the region of middle division gained
, its scope is:
,
for the flatness tolerance value of measured tested plane,
The region of dividing in above-mentioned fit Plane
the region of middle division gained
area and
individual grid is divided the regions of dividing gained in the fit Plane of gained
area compare, its ratio is defined as
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
);
(5-2), the measuring accuracy requirement according to designer to tested plane, the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of establishing fit Plane is
, definition
for determining the threshold value of the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, that is,
/
=
;
(5-3), judge successively
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) whether be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of tested plane surveying flatness is chosen for to the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness, it is specific as follows:
If the
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, finish, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness; Otherwise, then judge
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) whether be more than or equal to the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness, by that analogy, until the
the measurement of planeness degree of confidence of the fit Plane of individual grid division gained (
/
) be more than or equal to the threshold value of the measuring point of determining tested plane surveying flatness, the measuring point that meets the measuring point threshold value of determining tested plane surveying flatness is chosen as the measuring point of tested plane surveying flatness.
The measuring point choosing method of a kind of three coordinate measuring engine measurement flatness of the present invention, chooses the measurement point of measurement plane degree, reduces the error that measuring method produces, and has improved precision and the efficiency of the measurement of planeness.