CN103994031B - A kind of carbon fibre fabric strengthens polymer matrix composites main beam cap and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of carbon fibre fabric strengthens polymer matrix composites main beam cap and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种风机叶片用碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽及其制造方法，碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽由碳纤维缝编织物增强材料和缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂体系组成，既满足了真空吸附工艺的铺覆效率和灌注效率需求，又很好地兼顾了主梁帽对碳纤维力学性能利用的要求，显著提高了碳纤维缝编织物复合材料的力学性能和碳纤维织物复合材料主梁帽的结构强度。本发明通过真空吸附工艺并采用了中低温预固化后除去工艺辅助材料、然后中高温固化的固化制度，既克服了工艺辅助材料不耐中高温的隐患，又有效保证了主梁帽的结构力学性能。
The invention discloses a carbon fiber fabric-reinforced resin-based composite spar cap for fan blades and a manufacturing method thereof. The carbon-fiber fabric-reinforced resin-based composite spar cap is made of carbon fiber stitched fabric reinforcement and a glycidyl ester epoxy resin system. The composition not only meets the requirements of the covering efficiency and perfusion efficiency of the vacuum adsorption process, but also takes into account the requirements of the main spar cap for the utilization of carbon fiber mechanical properties, which significantly improves the mechanical properties of carbon fiber stitched fabric composites and carbon fiber fabrics. The structural strength of the material spar cap. The present invention adopts a vacuum adsorption process and adopts a curing system in which process auxiliary materials are removed after medium and low temperature pre-curing, and then solidified at medium and high temperatures, which not only overcomes the hidden danger that the process auxiliary materials are not resistant to medium and high temperatures, but also effectively ensures the structural mechanics of the main spar cap performance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽及其制造方法，尤其涉及一种风机叶片用碳纤维复合材料主梁帽及其制造方法，属于风机叶片制造技术领域。The invention relates to a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite spar cap and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a carbon fiber composite spar cap for fan blades and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fan blade manufacturing.
背景技术Background technique
复合材料风机叶片是风力发电系统的关键部件，直接影响着整个系统的性能。主梁帽（又称大梁）是叶片主要的承力部件，是一种大尺寸、大厚度的产品，通常沿着风机叶片的纵向长度延伸，其设计和制造质量水平十分重要。目前叶片主梁帽广泛采用的材料与工艺主要是玻璃纤维缝编织物增强树脂基复合材料和真空吸附工艺（vacuumresininfusion）。近年来，随着风力发电机向大功率和/或低速风场方向发展，风机叶片长度不断增长，更为轻质高性能的碳纤维复合材料风机叶片已是更优选择，而叶片主梁帽则是碳纤维在复合材料风机叶片上的首选应用部位，如US5617807(A)、CN101749173A、CN101539116A、US2010104447(A1)、CN102465826等。Composite fan blades are key components of wind power generation systems and directly affect the performance of the entire system. The main spar cap (also known as the girder) is the main load-bearing part of the blade. It is a product of large size and large thickness. It usually extends along the longitudinal length of the fan blade. Its design and manufacturing quality level are very important. At present, the materials and processes widely used in blade spar caps are mainly glass fiber stitched fabric reinforced resin-based composite materials and vacuum adsorption process (vacuumresininfusion). In recent years, with the development of wind turbines in the direction of high-power and/or low-speed wind fields, the length of fan blades has continued to increase, and lighter and high-performance carbon fiber composite fan blades have become a better choice, while the main spar cap of the blade is It is the preferred application site of carbon fiber on composite fan blades, such as US5617807(A), CN101749173A, CN101539116A, US2010104447(A1), CN102465826, etc.
在玻璃纤维复合材料主梁帽成型工艺发展选择历程中，鉴于单丝预浸料低压成型工艺中单丝预浸料综合成本（如单丝预浸料的制备、低温储存和低温运输以及铺贴使用环境因素等）高、铺贴工艺质量要求高、低压（一般是真空袋压）浸渍工艺质量要求高等不足的原因，目前叶片用玻璃纤维复合材料主梁帽广泛采用的材料工艺主要是玻璃纤维缝编织物树脂真空吸附工艺。尽管专利CN101749173A提及了碳纤维复合材料主梁帽可以采用预浸料工艺或树脂注入工艺制造，但在已有技术中，碳纤维复合材料主梁帽还是一般采用单丝预浸料工艺（prepregmolding）来制造，如CN101526070A、CN200910028100.4、CN200910028101.9等。其原因主要是由于与玻璃纤维比较，碳纤维更细、有效浸渍难度更大，采用传统的真空吸附工艺及其树脂体系制造大尺寸大厚度的碳纤维主梁帽时，其浸渍复合工艺效果和质量（主要是力学性能）普遍不佳。目前叶片主梁帽真空吸附工艺用环氧树脂体系主体为双酚A环氧树脂体系，通常为添加稀释剂的双酚A环氧树脂体系，或所谓“潜伏性”低粘度环氧树脂体系（通过提高工艺操作温度的方法使树脂体系粘度进一步减小）。In the course of development and selection of glass fiber composite spar cap molding process, in view of the comprehensive cost of monofilament prepreg in the low-pressure molding process of monofilament prepreg (such as the preparation of monofilament prepreg, low-temperature storage and low-temperature transportation, and laying Due to the high quality requirements of the paving process, the high quality requirements of the paving process, and the high quality requirements of the impregnation process at low pressure (usually vacuum bag pressure), the current material technology widely used in the main spar cap of glass fiber composite materials for blades is mainly glass fiber. Stitched fabric resin vacuum adsorption process. Although the patent CN101749173A mentions that the carbon fiber composite spar cap can be manufactured by prepreg process or resin injection process, in the prior art, the carbon fiber composite material spar cap is generally made by monofilament prepreg process (prepregmolding). Manufacturing, such as CN101526070A, CN200910028100.4, CN200910028101.9, etc. The main reason is that compared with glass fiber, carbon fiber is thinner and more difficult to effectively impregnate. When using traditional vacuum adsorption process and its resin system to manufacture large-sized and thick carbon fiber spar caps, the effect and quality of the impregnated composite process ( Mainly mechanical properties) generally poor. At present, the epoxy resin system used in the vacuum adsorption process of blade spar cap is mainly bisphenol A epoxy resin system, usually bisphenol A epoxy resin system with diluent added, or the so-called "latent" low viscosity epoxy resin system ( The viscosity of the resin system can be further reduced by increasing the operating temperature of the process).
以3TEX公司、GEC（全球能源概念公司）和TPI公司等为代表的公司则尝试从增强织物的结构形式方面进行改进，其方案基本均是采用碳纤维/玻璃纤维混杂三轴向织物（如3TEX公司开发的UniGirderTM织物等）来代替碳纤维缝编单向织物，以达到提高真空吸附工艺树脂体系灌注浸渍速度、避免产生干斑等缺陷的目的。研究结果表明，虽然采用特殊的碳纤维缝编织物，采用传统真空吸附工艺时树脂容易灌注，但由于受制于织物结构的约束，其复合材料的性能受到限制，尤其是压缩强度较差。Companies represented by 3TEX, GEC (Global Energy Concepts Corporation) and TPI try to improve the structural form of reinforced fabrics, and their solutions basically use carbon fiber/glass fiber hybrid triaxial fabrics (such as 3TEX company Developed UniGirderTM fabrics, etc.) to replace carbon fiber stitch-bonded unidirectional fabrics to achieve the purpose of improving the impregnation speed of the vacuum adsorption process resin system and avoiding defects such as dry spots. The research results show that although the special carbon fiber stitched fabric is used, the resin is easy to infuse when using the traditional vacuum adsorption process, but due to the constraints of the fabric structure, the performance of the composite material is limited, especially the compressive strength is poor.
可见，尽管碳纤维复合材料主梁帽的真空吸附工艺早已引起关注和研究，但现有材料和真空吸附工艺还难以获得高性能的碳纤维主梁帽。It can be seen that although the vacuum adsorption process of carbon fiber composite spar caps has long attracted attention and research, it is still difficult to obtain high-performance carbon fiber spar caps with existing materials and vacuum adsorption processes.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的技术解决问题是：克服现有技术的上述不足，提供一种风机叶片用的、具有良好浸渍质量和优异力学性能的高性能碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽及其制造方法。The technical problem of the present invention is: to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a high-performance carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite spar cap for fan blades with good impregnation quality and excellent mechanical properties and its manufacturing method.
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽，主梁帽采用缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂体系和碳纤维缝编织物组成的碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料在成型模具中制造而成，所述碳纤维缝编织物的经向材料采用面重大于200g/m2的碳纤维纱线，纬向材料采用玻璃纤维、碳纤维或芳纶纤维，纬向材料的面重小于经向材料面重的3.8%，在满足植物结构稳定性和灌注工艺性的基础上，以尽可能提高经向方面的性能。The technical solution of the present invention is: a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite spar cap, the carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite material composed of glycidyl ester epoxy resin system and carbon fiber stitched fabric is used in the forming mold Made in China, the warp material of the carbon fiber stitched fabric adopts carbon fiber yarn with an area weight greater than 200g/m 2 , the weft material adopts glass fiber, carbon fiber or aramid fiber, and the area weight of the weft material is less than that of the warp The surface weight of the material is 3.8%, on the basis of satisfying the stability of the plant structure and the perfusion process, so as to improve the performance in the warp direction as much as possible.
碳纤维缝编织物中纬向材料的间隔大于或等于10mm、细度小于或等于68tex。The spacing of weft materials in carbon fiber stitched fabrics is greater than or equal to 10mm, and the fineness is less than or equal to 68tex.
环氧树脂体系由TDE85环氧树脂和胺类固化剂组成或由TDE85环氧树脂、液体酸酐固化剂与促进剂组成。The epoxy resin system consists of TDE85 epoxy resin and amine curing agent or consists of TDE85 epoxy resin, liquid anhydride curing agent and accelerator.
所述TDE85环氧树脂和胺类固化剂的质量比为100：（54±2），所述TDE85环氧树脂、液体酸酐固化剂与促进剂的质量比为100：（129±2）：（1±0.2）。The mass ratio of the TDE85 epoxy resin to the amine curing agent is 100:(54±2), and the mass ratio of the TDE85 epoxy resin to the liquid anhydride curing agent to the accelerator is 100:(129±2):( 1±0.2).
一种碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽的制造方法，如下步骤：A method for manufacturing a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite spar cap, the steps are as follows:
（1）首先在主梁帽成型模具上涂上脱模剂，然后在主梁帽成型模具上依次铺放脱模布导流网、碳纤维缝编织物，再在碳纤维缝编织物上铺放脱模布；(1) First, apply a release agent on the main spar cap forming mold, then lay release cloth guide net and carbon fiber stitched fabric on the main spar cap forming mold in sequence, and then lay release agent on the carbon fiber stitched fabric. mold cloth;
（2）在主梁帽成型模具四周铺放密封条，然后布置树脂进胶管和抽气管，之后用真空袋薄膜和密封条将成型模具系统密封良好，利用抽气管对成型模具抽真空；(2) Lay sealing strips around the forming mold of the main spar cap, then arrange the resin inlet pipe and exhaust pipe, and then use the vacuum bag film and sealing strip to seal the forming mold system well, and use the exhaust pipe to vacuum the forming mold;
（3）在真空压力和35℃±5℃温度条件下，将混合好的环氧树脂体系通过树脂进胶管注入到碳纤维缝编织物上，使环氧树脂体系完全浸渍到碳纤维缝编织物中；(3) Under the conditions of vacuum pressure and temperature of 35°C±5°C, inject the mixed epoxy resin system into the carbon fiber stitched fabric through the resin inlet hose, so that the epoxy resin system is completely impregnated into the carbon fiber stitched fabric;
（4）对主梁帽成型模具进行加热，在真空压力和60-90℃温度下预固化2-4小时；(4) Heat the spar cap forming mold and pre-cure for 2-4 hours under vacuum pressure and temperature of 60-90°C;
（5）使成型模具自然降温至40℃以下，然后再次对成型模具升温至130-180℃，固化2.5-3.5小时；(5) Let the forming mold cool down naturally to below 40°C, then heat up the forming mold again to 130-180°C, and cure for 2.5-3.5 hours;
（6）使成型模具自然降温至室温，脱模、加工，即得到碳纤维织物增强复合材料主梁帽。(6) The forming mold is naturally cooled to room temperature, demolded and processed to obtain the carbon fiber fabric reinforced composite spar cap.
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
（1）本发明采用了缩水甘油酯类TDE85环氧树脂体系作为碳纤维缝编织物主梁帽的基体树脂体系，体系粘度低、对碳纤维浸润性好，有效提高了碳纤维缝编织物复合材料的力学性能和碳纤维缝编织物主梁帽的结构强度、尤其是压缩强度。(1) The present invention adopts the glycidyl ester TDE85 epoxy resin system as the matrix resin system of the carbon fiber stitch-bonded fabric spar cap. Performance and structural strength, especially compressive strength, of carbon fiber stitch-bonded fabric spar caps.
（2）本发明优化设计了主梁帽真空吸附工艺用碳纤维缝编织物的材料及其结构形式，既满足了真空吸附工艺的铺覆效率和灌注效率需求，又很好地兼顾了主梁帽对碳纤维力学性能利用的要求，为碳纤维缝编织物复合材料的力学性能的提高和碳纤维织物复合材料主梁帽的结构强度提升奠定了基础。(2) The present invention optimizes the material and structural form of the carbon fiber stitch-woven fabric for the vacuum adsorption process of the main spar cap, which not only meets the requirements of the covering efficiency and perfusion efficiency of the vacuum adsorption process, but also takes into account the main spar cap. The requirements for the utilization of carbon fiber mechanical properties have laid a foundation for the improvement of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber stitched fabric composites and the structural strength of carbon fiber fabric composite spar caps.
（3）本发明创新采用了中低温预固化后除去工艺辅助材料、然后中高温固化的固化制度，既克服了工艺辅助材料不耐中高温的隐患，又有效保证了主梁帽的结构力学性能。(3) The invention innovatively adopts a curing system in which process auxiliary materials are removed after medium and low temperature pre-curing, and then solidified at medium and high temperatures, which not only overcomes the hidden danger that process auxiliary materials are not resistant to medium and high temperatures, but also effectively ensures the structural mechanical properties of the main spar cap .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的制造流程图。Fig. 1 is the manufacturing flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步详细的描述，以使本技术领域的技术人员进一步理解本方面，而不构成对本发明权利要求的限制：The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can further understand the present aspect, without constituting the limitation of the claims of the present invention:
一种碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽，主梁帽采用缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂体系和碳纤维缝编织物组成的碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料在成型模具中制造而成，所述碳纤维缝编织物的经向材料采用面重大于200g/m2的碳纤维纱线，纬向材料采用玻璃纤维、碳纤维或芳纶纤维，纬向材料的面重小于经向材料面重的3.8%，在满足植物结构稳定性和灌注工艺性的基础上，以尽可能提高经向方面的性能。碳纤维缝编织物中纬向材料的间隔大于或等于10mm、细度小于或等于68tex。环氧树脂体系由TDE85环氧树脂和胺类固化剂组成或由TDE85环氧树脂、液体酸酐固化剂与促进剂组成。TDE85环氧树脂和胺类固化剂的质量比为100：（54±2），所述TDE85环氧树脂、液体酸酐固化剂与促进剂的质量比为100：（129±2）：（1±0.2）。A carbon fiber fabric-reinforced resin-based composite main spar cap, the main spar cap is made of a carbon fiber fabric-reinforced resin-based composite material composed of a glycidyl ester epoxy resin system and carbon fiber stitched fabrics in a molding die, the carbon fiber The warp material of the stitched fabric adopts carbon fiber yarn with an area weight greater than 200g/m2, and the weft material adopts glass fiber, carbon fiber or aramid fiber, and the area weight of the weft material is less than 3.8% of the area weight of the warp material. On the basis of satisfying the stability of the plant structure and the manufacturability of perfusion, the performance in the meridian direction can be improved as much as possible. The spacing of weft materials in carbon fiber stitched fabrics is greater than or equal to 10mm, and the fineness is less than or equal to 68tex. The epoxy resin system consists of TDE85 epoxy resin and amine curing agent or consists of TDE85 epoxy resin, liquid anhydride curing agent and accelerator. The mass ratio of TDE85 epoxy resin and amine curing agent is 100: (54±2), and the mass ratio of TDE85 epoxy resin, liquid anhydride curing agent and accelerator is 100: (129±2): (1±2) 0.2).
实施例1：一种碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽，采用碳纤维缝编织物作为增强材料，采用缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂体系作为基体树脂。碳纤维缝编织物，经向材料为面重216g/m2的SYT45碳纤维纱线、纬向为面重8g/m2的68tex玻璃纤维纱线等组成，其中纬纱间隔为10mm；缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂体系采用TDE85环氧树脂+胺类固化剂。Example 1: A carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite spar cap, using carbon fiber stitched fabric as a reinforcing material, and using a glycidyl ester epoxy resin system as a matrix resin. Carbon fiber stitched fabric, the material in the warp direction is SYT45 carbon fiber yarn with a surface weight of 216g/m2, and the weft direction is composed of 68tex glass fiber yarn with a surface weight of 8g/m2, and the weft yarn interval is 10mm; glycidyl ester ring The epoxy resin system adopts TDE85 epoxy resin + amine curing agent.
主梁帽的制造方法，如图1所示，具体包括如下步骤：The manufacture method of spar cap, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprises the following steps:
（1）首先在主梁帽成型模具上涂上脱模剂，然后铺放脱模布导流网等工艺辅助材料，之后铺放所述碳纤维缝编织物，再在碳纤维缝编织物上依次铺放脱模布等工艺辅助材料；(1) First, apply a release agent on the main spar cap forming mold, then lay out process auxiliary materials such as release cloth and diversion net, and then lay the carbon fiber stitched fabric, and then lay on the carbon fiber stitched fabric in turn Put release cloth and other process auxiliary materials;
（2）在主梁帽成型模具四周铺放密封条，然后布置树脂进胶管和抽气管，之后用真空袋薄膜和密封条使系统整理密封良好；(2) Lay sealing strips around the forming mold of the main spar cap, then arrange resin inlet pipes and exhaust pipes, and then use vacuum bag film and sealing strips to make the system well-sealed;
（3）在真空压力和35℃温度条件下，将混合好的树脂体系通过树脂进胶管注入到碳纤维缝编织物增强材料上，使树脂体系完全浸渍碳纤维缝编织物增强材料；(3) Under the conditions of vacuum pressure and temperature of 35°C, inject the mixed resin system onto the carbon fiber stitched fabric reinforcement through the resin inlet hose, so that the resin system is completely impregnated with the carbon fiber stitched fabric reinforcement;
（4）开启主梁帽成型模具底部的模具加热系统，在真空压力和60℃温度下预固化3小时；(4) Turn on the mold heating system at the bottom of the main spar cap forming mold, and pre-cure for 3 hours under vacuum pressure and a temperature of 60°C;
（5）自然降温至40℃以下，除去工艺辅助材料，然后升温至160℃，固化3小时；(5) Naturally cool down to below 40°C, remove process auxiliary materials, then raise the temperature to 160°C, and cure for 3 hours;
（6）自然降温至室温，脱模、加工，即得到碳纤维织物增强复合材料主梁帽。(6) Naturally cool down to room temperature, demold and process to obtain the carbon fiber fabric reinforced composite spar cap.
实施例2：一种碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽，采用碳纤维缝编织物作为增强材料，采用缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂体系作为基体树脂。碳纤维缝编织物，经向材料为面重216g/m2的SYT45碳纤维纱线、纬向为面重8g/m2的68tex玻璃纤维纱线等组成，其中纬纱间隔为10mm；所述缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂体系，其特征在于所述的环氧树脂体系为TDE85环氧树脂+酸酐类固化剂+促进剂。Example 2: A carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite spar cap, using carbon fiber stitched fabric as a reinforcing material, and using a glycidyl ester epoxy resin system as a matrix resin. Carbon fiber stitched fabric, the warp direction material is SYT45 carbon fiber yarn with a surface weight of 216g/m 2 , and the weft direction is composed of 68tex glass fiber yarn with a surface weight of 8g/m 2 , wherein the weft yarn interval is 10mm; the glycidyl ester An epoxy resin system, characterized in that the epoxy resin system is TDE85 epoxy resin + anhydride curing agent + accelerator.
主梁帽的制造方法具体包括如下步骤：The manufacture method of spar cap specifically comprises the following steps:
（1）首先在主梁帽成型模具上涂上脱模剂，然后铺放脱模布导流网等工艺辅助材料，之后铺放所述碳纤维缝编织物，再在碳纤维缝编织物上依次铺放脱模布等工艺辅助材料；(1) First, apply a release agent on the main spar cap forming mold, then lay out process auxiliary materials such as release cloth and diversion net, and then lay the carbon fiber stitched fabric, and then lay on the carbon fiber stitched fabric in turn Put release cloth and other process auxiliary materials;
（2）在主梁帽成型模具四周铺放密封条，然后布置树脂进胶管和抽气管，之后用真空袋薄膜和密封条使系统整理密封良好；(2) Lay sealing strips around the forming mold of the main spar cap, then arrange resin inlet pipes and exhaust pipes, and then use vacuum bag film and sealing strips to make the system well-sealed;
（3）在真空压力和35℃温度条件下，将混合好的树脂体系通过树脂进胶管注入到碳纤维缝编织物增强材料上，使树脂体系完全浸渍碳纤维缝编织物增强材料；(3) Under the conditions of vacuum pressure and temperature of 35°C, inject the mixed resin system onto the carbon fiber stitched fabric reinforcement through the resin inlet hose, so that the resin system is completely impregnated with the carbon fiber stitched fabric reinforcement;
（4）开启主梁帽成型模具底部的模具加热系统，在真空压力和90℃温度下预固化3小时；(4) Turn on the mold heating system at the bottom of the main spar cap forming mold, and pre-cure for 3 hours under vacuum pressure and a temperature of 90°C;
（5）自然降温至40℃以下，除去工艺辅助材料，然后升温至180℃，固化3小时；(5) Naturally cool down to below 40°C, remove process auxiliary materials, then raise the temperature to 180°C, and cure for 3 hours;
（6）自然降温至室温，脱模、加工即得到碳纤维织物增强复合材料主梁帽。对比实施效果(6) Naturally cool down to room temperature, demold and process to obtain the carbon fiber fabric reinforced composite spar cap. Compare the implementation effect
采用现有树脂及其真空吸附工艺时制备的主梁帽复合材料的性能相对较低，尤其是压缩强度较差。本发明的材料工艺技术，可使碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料主梁帽的力学性能得到显著提高、尤其是压缩强度可提高30%以上，有效克服现有技术的上述不足。The properties of the spar cap composite materials prepared by using the existing resin and its vacuum adsorption process are relatively low, especially the compressive strength is poor. The material technology of the present invention can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite spar cap, especially the compressive strength can be increased by more than 30%, effectively overcoming the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.
上面对本发明的实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施例，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
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