CN103993255B - Method of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on substrate to form anti-corrosion layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer. Firstly, the zinc-aluminum alloy material is prepared: melting a set ratio of zinc and aluminum blanks; pouring the metal liquid obtained by melting into a mold for ingot casting Carry out heat treatment on the obtained ingot to make its structure uniform; extrude the heat-treated ingot into a rough wire billet by hot extrusion; carry out repeated crystallization treatment on the rough wire billet to eliminate the microstructure defects of the material And make the structure uniform, and carry out hot extrusion to form a material; finally perform annealing treatment to obtain zinc-aluminum alloy anti-corrosion material for thermal spraying; spray the obtained zinc-aluminum alloy material on the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer, and seal the anti-corrosion layer . Compared with the prior art, the zinc-aluminum alloy in the present invention has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, simple preparation process, and good corrosion resistance, so the anti-corrosion layer formed by thermal spraying method effectively slows down the corrosion.

Description

A method of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer

technical field

The invention relates to a method for spraying anti-corrosion materials, in particular to a method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer.

Background technique

With the development of modern industry, various industrial sectors increasingly require mechanical equipment to be able to operate under high parameters (such as high temperature, high pressure, high speed, high automation) and harsh working conditions (such as severe wear and corrosion, etc.) for a long time Therefore, it is necessary to improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance of the material surface. It is obviously uneconomical and sometimes even impossible to manufacture overall equipment and parts with advanced alloy materials to achieve the purpose of surface protection and surface strengthening. Therefore, research and development of surface treatment technology for materials is of great significance.

As a new surface protection and surface strengthening process, thermal spraying technology has developed rapidly in the past ten years. Thermal spraying technology has developed from the early preparation of general protective coatings to the preparation of various functional coatings. From product maintenance to mass production, from single coating to thermal spraying system including product failure analysis, surface pretreatment, selection of spraying materials and equipment, coating system design and post-coating Engineering, and this transformation started from the aerospace industry with the harshest and most demanding conditions of use, and quickly expanded to the civilian industrial sector.

With the application of zinc-aluminum alloy in hot-dip galvanizing, thermal spraying of zinc-aluminum alloy has also been developed abroad and gradually started to be applied. Compared with pure zinc and pure aluminum spraying materials, its corrosion resistance and surface properties of the coating have been greatly improved, and the coating thickness only needs to be half or even less than the original, and its economic benefits are very significant. At present, foreign countries (mainly the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico and other countries) are far ahead of my country in the industrial application of thermal spraying zinc-aluminum alloys. At present, ZnAl15 zinc-aluminum alloy wire has been developed and has begun large-scale application. At the same time, zinc-aluminum alloy wires with high aluminum content (containing 20%-40% aluminum) are being developed. In terms of theoretical research, although a lot of research work has been done, there is still no conclusion on the bonding mechanism of thermal spraying, and it is only in the hypothetical stage.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer, comprising the following steps:

The first step: preparation of zinc-aluminum alloy material:

(1) Melting zinc and aluminum blanks with a weight ratio of (15-40): (85-60);

(2) Pour the molten metal obtained by smelting into a mold for ingot casting;

(3) Heat-treat the obtained ingot to homogenize its structure and components. The conditions for heat treatment are: solid solution strengthening in the range of 334°C to 380°C for 3 to 10 hours, and then water quenching at 100 to 180°C 1.5 to 8 hours under conditions;

(4) Extruding the heat-treated ingot into a rough billet by hot extrusion, during hot extrusion, the hot extrusion temperature is 380-420°C, and the speed is 15-30m/min;

(5) Carry out repeated crystallization treatment on the rough wire rod to eliminate the microstructure defects of the material and make the structure uniform, and perform hot extrusion to form a material. The specific method of repeated crystallization treatment is: heat the rough wire rod to 700°C and keep it warm for one hour , and then perform quenching treatment, and then perform solution treatment in the range of 275°C to 382°C, and repeat the above process for 5 to 10 times;

(6) Perform annealing treatment at last, heat the alloy material to 280 to 310° C. for 0.5 to 2 hours, and perform annealing treatment to obtain a zinc-aluminum alloy anti-corrosion material for thermal spraying;

The second step: Spray the obtained zinc-aluminum alloy material on the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer:

(1) Degrease and sandblast the surface of the substrate, and blast the surface of the substrate to Sa3 level, that is, remove all oxide scales on the surface of the substrate, and the substrate presents a uniform body color. There are also many choices of sand materials used in sandblasting: such as corundum sand, slag sand, steel sand, etc. Corundum sand is preferred, the sandblasting pressure is 0.6-0.7Mpa, and the sand material size is 0.5-1.5mm;

(2) The zinc-aluminum alloy material is thermally sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer. The thermal spraying method is: melt the zinc-aluminum alloy material by flame or electric arc, atomize the melted metal liquid by compressed air and spray it on the On the surface of the substrate, it accumulates to form a coating. The process conditions of flame spraying are: propane: 0.13-0.15Mpa; oxygen: 0.5-0.6Mpa; air: 0.5-0.6Mpa; wire feeding speed: 12-13 rpm; spraying distance: 150-180mm; spraying angle: 90° ±10°; the process conditions of arc spraying are: voltage value: 22-32 volts; current value: 140-220 amps; spraying distance: 150-180mm; spraying angle: 90°±10°;

(3) Seal the anti-corrosion layer.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) Zinc-aluminum alloy has the advantages of low raw material cost, simple preparation process, and good corrosion resistance. Therefore, the anti-corrosion layer formed by thermal spraying method effectively slows down the corrosion.

(2) When preparing zinc-aluminum alloy, the microstructure of zinc-aluminum alloy can be made uniform during heat treatment, while the microstructure of the material obtained by ordinary hot extrusion is often inhomogeneous and may contain a large number of defects. Therefore, by recrystallizing the rough wire rod, defects are eliminated and the structure is made uniform.

(3) In most cases, zinc-aluminum alloys are often obtained by casting. However, the structure obtained by casting often has coarse structure, with defects such as shrinkage porosity and porosity. However, the zinc-aluminum alloy obtained by the preparation method of the present invention effectively avoids the above-mentioned problems. Moreover, when the thermal spraying process is adopted, the prepared anti-corrosion layer has good corrosion resistance, especially in wind power generation, where a large amount of alloy is used, and if defects occur, great economic losses will be caused.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the corrosion curve diagram of TJPTZA1 ^# sample;

Fig. 3 is the corrosion curve diagram of TJPTZA2 ^# sample;

Fig. 4 is the corrosion curve diagram of TJPTZA3 ^# sample;

Fig. 5 is the corrosion curve diagram of TJPTZA4 ^# sample;

Figure 6 is the corrosion curve of the A1 sample;

Fig. 7 is the corrosion curve diagram of Zn sample;

Fig. 8 is a comparative schematic diagram of the weight loss average values of six samples.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

A method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer, the technological process is as shown in Figure 1, and includes the following steps:

The first step: preparation of zinc-aluminum alloy material:

(1) Smelting the zinc and aluminum billets with a set ratio, wherein the weight ratios of zinc and aluminum are 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 respectively, and the composition of zinc should be special No. 1; The ingredients should be No. A00;

(2) Pour the molten metal obtained by smelting into a mold for ingot casting;

(3) Carry out heat treatment to the obtained ingot to make its microstructure homogeneous, and the conditions for heat treatment are: solid solution strengthening at 334°C for 10 hours, then after water quenching, aging at 100°C for 8 hours;

(4) extruding the heat-treated ingot into a wire rod rough billet by hot extrusion, during hot extrusion, the hot extrusion temperature is 380°C, and the speed is 15m/min;

(5) Carry out repeated crystallization treatment on the rough wire rod to eliminate the microstructure defects of the material and make the structure uniform, and perform hot extrusion to form a material. The specific method of repeated crystallization treatment is: heat the rough wire rod to 700°C and keep it warm for one hour , and then quenching treatment, and then solution treatment at 275 ° C, the above process was repeated 5 times;

(6) Finally, annealing treatment is carried out, the alloy material is heated to 280 ° C for 2 hours, and annealing treatment is carried out to obtain zinc-aluminum alloy anti-corrosion materials for thermal spraying, that is, TJPTZA series alloy wires, TJPTZA1 ^#The weight ratio of zinc to aluminum in the alloy wire composition Respectively 20:80, the weight ratio of zinc and aluminum in TJPTZA2 #gold wire composition is 40:60 respectively ^{, the weight ratio of zinc and aluminum in TJPTZA3 # gold} wire composition is 60:40 respectively ^, the weight ratio of zinc and aluminum in TJPTZA4 #gold wire composition The ratio is 80:20 respectively.

The second step: Spray the obtained zinc-aluminum alloy materials on the substrate respectively to form an anti-corrosion layer:

(1) Degrease and sandblast the surface of the substrate, and blast the surface of the substrate to Sa3 level, that is, remove all oxide scales on the surface of the substrate, and the substrate presents a uniform body color. There are also many choices of sand materials used in sandblasting: such as corundum sand, slag sand, steel sand, etc. Corundum sand is preferred, the sandblasting pressure is 0.6Mpa, and the sand size is 0.5-1.5mm;

(2) The zinc-aluminum alloy material is thermally sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer. The method of thermal spraying is: the zinc-aluminum alloy material is melted by a flame, and the melted metal liquid is atomized and sprayed onto the surface of the substrate by compressed air. , accumulate to form a coating.

(3) Carry out sealing treatment on the anticorrosion layer, and the sealing agent generally used for sealing treatment is liquid paint. It can be applied by brush, roller, air spray, airless spray, etc. Please refer to ISO12944.

In this embodiment, the substrate is A3 steel of 60×40×3 mm ³ .

The corrosion resistance of TJPTZA1 ^# alloy wire, TJPTZA2 ^# alloy wire, TJPTZA3 ^# alloy wire and TJPTZA4 ^# alloy wire sprayed on the substrate was studied.

1. Seawater corrosion resistance test and results:

Test method and sample preparation:

Test method: Design the experiment according to the neutral salt spray test method specified in GB9794-88 and GB9796-88. Immerse 18 samples (3 pieces in each group, 6 groups in total) vertically in a 5000ml plastic container, use a sodium chloride (analytical pure) solution with a concentration of 0.5mol/L, and replace the solution once a day. In addition to changing the test solution, the measurement quality can be interrupted, and the sample is generally continuously immersed. The samples were fully washed with water every day, dried, and their mass was measured with an analytical balance.

Sample preparation: The experiment uses wire flame spraying zinc, aluminum and its TJPTZA series alloy wire, spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on A3 steel with a substrate of 60×40×3mm ³ , and analyzing its corrosion situation in seawater corrosion environment, in order to For the convenience of analysis, we sprayed pure zinc and pure aluminum under the same conditions to observe the advantages and disadvantages of the corrosion performance of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy compared with spraying pure zinc and pure aluminum under the same conditions.

Since the zinc-aluminum alloy used has 4 components, plus pure zinc and pure aluminum, this experiment is divided into 6 groups with 6 pieces in each group. The spray gun used in the experiment is the QX-1 flame wire spray gun.

The parameters of the sprayed sample are: the pressure of acetylene is 0.1kg; the pressure of oxygen is 0.5kg; the pressure of air is 4.5kg; the sample is 15-20cm away from the spray gun; the thickness of spraying is generally 0.020cm.

First, the surface pretreatment of the substrate is carried out:

Generally, sandblasting is used for surface pretreatment, and the sand used is dry quartz sand or copper ore sand without soil, with a particle size of 6-12 mesh, which is hard and angular. The air pressure during sandblasting is 5-6×10 ⁵ Pa. The distance from the nozzle to the surface of the workpiece is 15-20cm, and the spray angle is generally about 70°. If it is too large or too small, the sandblasting efficiency will be reduced. The workpiece after sandblasting is required to be uniform and rough, with metallic luster, free of rust, stains and moisture.

Spray material:

Zinc should meet the quality requirements of Zn-1 in GB470-83, Zn≥99.99%;

Aluminum should meet the quality requirements of L-1 in GB3190-82, A1≥99.5%;

The composition of zinc in zinc-aluminum alloy should be No. 1; the composition of aluminum should be No. A00;

Thermal Spray:

The workpiece after sand blasting should be thermally sprayed immediately. During spraying, the oxygen pressure is generally controlled at 4-6×10 ⁵ Pa, the acetylene pressure is controlled at 0.6-0.9×10 ⁵ Pa, and the compressed air pressure is controlled at 5-6 ×10 ⁵ Pa, the spraying distance is 12-15cm. In order to shorten the test period, according to the relevant standards, the method of soaking in salt water directly after spraying is adopted without sealing treatment.

There are various methods for the degree of metal corrosion according to the different forms of corrosion damage. For general corrosion, the average corrosion rate is usually used to measure. The most common method for measuring corrosion rate is the weight loss method (or weight gain method).

The weight loss method is based on the reduction of the mass of the sample after corrosion, and the corrosion rate is calculated by the following formula:

v _loss = (m ₀ -m ₁ )/S·t (1)

In the formula, vloss is the corrosion rate (g/m ² h), m ₀ is the mass (g) of the sample before corrosion, m ₁ is the mass (g) of the sample after removing the corrosion products, and S is the surface area of the sample ( m ² ), t is the corrosion time (h). This method is suitable for uniform corrosion, and the corrosion products are completely detached or easily removed from the surface of the sample.

When the mass of the sample increases after corrosion and the corrosion products are completely and firmly attached to the surface of the sample, the weight gain method can be used to calculate the corrosion rate with the following formula:

v _increase = (m ₂ -m ₀ )/S·t (2)

In the formula, _v is the corrosion rate (g/m ² h), and m ₂ is the mass of the sample with corrosion products (g)

The corrosion rate of metals generally varies with time. During the corrosion test, the change of the corrosion rate with time should be measured, and an appropriate time should be selected to measure a stable corrosion rate.

Considering that the size of the sample in this experiment is basically the same, it is measured once a day, that is, the S t is not much different, so the corrosion of the metal is calibrated by formula (2--3):

Δm _i =m _i -m ₀ (3)

In the formula, Δm _i is the mass change of the sample corroded on the i-th day, m ₀ is the mass of the sample when it is not immersed, and m _i is the mass of the sample on the i-th day.

Experimental data and analysis results:

After spraying zinc, aluminum and its TJPTZA series alloy wire on the surface of the substrate, the mass change of the sample impregnated is shown in Table 1 to Table 6, and according to Table 1 to Table 6, the corrosion curves of different samples were drawn respectively, as shown in Fig. 2 to Figure 7.

Table 1 surface spraying TJPTZA1 ^# The data of the quality variation of sample immersion

time TJPTZA1 ^# -1 TJPTZA1 ^# -2 TJPTZA1 ^# -3 0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 twenty four 0.03815 0.04775 0.02715 48 0.05180 0.06800 0.03850 72 0.06280 0.08220 0.04900 96 0.06940 0.09010 0.05500 120 0.07600 0.09770 0.06015 192 0.09660 0.12290 0.08015

Table 2 surface spraying TJPTZA2 ^# The data of the quality variation of sample immersion

time TJPTZA2 ^# -1 TJPTZA2 ^# -2 TJPTZA2 ^# -3 0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 twenty four 0.00970 0.00680 0.01020 48 0.02240 0.01685 0.02110 72 0.03280 0.02755 0.02910 96 0.03735 0.03160 0.03245 120 0.03905 0.03585 0.03590 192 0.04530 0.04560 0.04360

Table 3 surface spraying TJPTZA3 ^# The data of the quality variation of sample immersion

time TJPTZA3 ^# -1 TJPTZA3 ^# -2 TJPTZA3 ^# -3 0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 twenty four 0.00700 0.00600 0.01165 48 0.01875 0.01785 0.02105 72 0.03015 0.02810 0.02975 96 0.03460 0.03205 0.03125 120 0.03715 0.03325 0.03285 192 0.03690 0.02970 0.02560

Table 4 surface spraying TJPTZA4 ^# The data of the quality variation of sample immersion

time TJPTZA4 ^# -1 TJPTZA ⁴ #-2 TJPTZA ⁴ #-3 0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 twenty four -0.00555 -0.00445 -0.00865 48 0.00225 0.01325 0.00570 72 0.02350 0.03870 0.02655 96 0.03350 0.04825 0.03900 120 0.03780 0.05415 0.04940 192 0.04710 0.06000 0.06415

Table 5 The data of the mass change amount of surface spraying pure Al sample immersion

time Al-1 Al-2 Al-3

0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 twenty four 0.00905 0.00785 0.02470 48 0.02830 0.02200 0.04895 72 0.03680 0.03035 0.06050 96 0.03925 0.03315 0.06260 120 0.04030 0.03355 0.06340 192 0.03515 0.03125 0.06355

Table 6 The data of the mass change amount of surface spraying pure Zn sample immersion

time Zn-1 Zn-2 Zn-3 0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 twenty four 0.04345 0.01035 0.01645 48 0.04630 0.01575 0.02120 72 0.05915 0.02690 0.03050 96 0.06620 0.03430 0.03580 120 0.07530 0.03590 0.04170 192 0.07835 0.03920 0.03920

According to the test results, a comparison chart of the average weight loss of the six samples was made, as shown in Figure 8.

It can be seen from Figure 8 that except for TJPTZA1 ^# , the corrosion resistance of TJPTZA2 ^# and TJPTZA3 ^# is better than that of A1 and Zn, and TJPTZA3 ^# has the best corrosion resistance. However, TJPTZA4 ^# has excellent corrosion resistance in the early stage, and the corrosion resistance in the later stage has declined. If sealing treatment is adopted, this phenomenon can be compensated.

Example 2

A method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer, the technological process is as shown in Figure 1, and includes the following steps:

The first step: preparation of zinc-aluminum alloy material:

(1) Smelting the zinc and aluminum billets with a set ratio, wherein the weight ratio of zinc to aluminum is 30:70;

(2) Pour the molten metal obtained by smelting into a mold for ingot casting;

(3) Carry out heat treatment to the obtained ingot to make its microstructure homogeneous, and the conditions for heat treatment are: solid solution strengthening at 360°C for 6 hours, then after water quenching, aging at 140°C for 4 hours;

(4) extruding the heat-treated ingot into a wire rod rough billet by hot extrusion, during hot extrusion, the hot extrusion temperature is 400°C, and the speed is 20m/min;

(5) Carry out repeated crystallization treatment on the rough wire rod to eliminate the microstructure defects of the material and make the structure uniform, and perform hot extrusion to form a material. The specific method of repeated crystallization treatment is: heat the rough wire rod to 700°C and keep it warm for one hour , and then quenching treatment, and then solution treatment at 340 ° C, the above process was repeated 7 times;

(6) Carry out annealing treatment at last, heat the alloy material to 300 ℃ for 1 hour, carry out annealing treatment, obtain the zinc-aluminum alloy anticorrosion material for thermal spraying;

The second step: Spray the obtained zinc-aluminum alloy material on the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer:

(1) Degrease and sandblast the surface of the substrate, and blast the surface of the substrate to Sa3 level, that is, remove all oxide scales on the surface of the substrate, and the substrate presents a uniform body color. There are also many choices of sand materials used in sandblasting: such as corundum sand, slag sand, steel sand, etc. Corundum sand is preferred, the sandblasting pressure is 0.6-0.7Mpa, and the sand material size is 0.5-1.5mm;

(2) The zinc-aluminum alloy material is thermally sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer. The method of thermal spraying is: the zinc-aluminum alloy material is melted by an electric arc, and the melted metal liquid is atomized and sprayed onto the surface of the substrate by compressed air. , accumulate to form a coating. The process conditions of arc spraying are: voltage value: 22-32 volts; current value: 140-220 amps; spraying distance: 150-180mm; spraying angle: 90°±10°;

(3) Carry out sealing treatment on the anticorrosion layer, and the sealing agent generally used for sealing treatment is liquid paint. It can be applied by brush, roller, air spray, airless spray, etc. Please refer to ISO12944.

Example 3

A method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer, the technological process is as shown in Figure 1, and includes the following steps:

The first step: preparation of zinc-aluminum alloy material:

(1) Smelting the zinc and aluminum billets with a set ratio, wherein the weight ratio of zinc to aluminum is 40:60;

(2) Pour the molten metal obtained by smelting into a mold for ingot casting;

(3) Carry out heat treatment to the obtained ingot to make its microstructure homogeneous. The conditions for heat treatment are: solid solution strengthening at 380°C for 3 hours, then water quenching and aging at 180°C for 1.5 hours;

(4) extruding the heat-treated ingot into a wire rod rough billet by hot extrusion, during hot extrusion, the hot extrusion temperature is 420°C, and the speed is 30m/min;

(5) Carry out repeated crystallization treatment on the rough wire rod to eliminate the microstructure defects of the material and make the structure uniform, and perform hot extrusion to form a material. The specific method of repeated crystallization treatment is: heat the rough wire rod to 700°C and keep it warm for one hour , and then quenching treatment, and then solution treatment at 382 ° C, the above process was repeated 10 times;

(6) Finally, annealing treatment is carried out, the alloy material is heated to 310° C. for 0.5 hour, and annealing treatment is carried out to obtain a zinc-aluminum alloy anti-corrosion material for thermal spraying;

The second step: Spray the obtained zinc-aluminum alloy material on the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer:

(1) Degrease and sandblast the surface of the substrate, and blast the surface of the substrate to Sa3 level, that is, remove all oxide scales on the surface of the substrate, and the substrate presents a uniform body color. There are also many choices of sand materials used in sandblasting: such as corundum sand, slag sand, steel sand, etc. Corundum sand is preferred, the sandblasting pressure is 0.6-0.7Mpa, and the sand material size is 0.5-1.5mm;

(2) The zinc-aluminum alloy material is thermally sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer. The method of thermal spraying is: the zinc-aluminum alloy material is melted by a flame, and the melted metal liquid is atomized and sprayed onto the surface of the substrate by compressed air. , accumulate to form a coating. The process conditions of flame spraying are: propane: 0.15Mpa; oxygen: 0.6Mpa; air: 0.6Mpa; wire feeding speed: 13 rpm; spraying distance: 180mm; spraying angle: 90°±10°;

(3) Carry out sealing treatment on the anticorrosion layer, and the sealing agent generally used for sealing treatment is liquid paint. It can be applied by brush, roller, air spray, airless spray, etc. Please refer to ISO12944.

The above descriptions of the embodiments are for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a method for spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on base material to form anticorrosion layer, is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps: The first step: preparation of zinc-aluminum alloy material: (1) Melting zinc and aluminum billets with a weight ratio of 40:60, 60:40 or 80:20; (2) Pour the molten metal obtained by smelting into a mold for ingot casting; (3) heat-treating the obtained ingot to homogenize its composition; (4) extruding the heat-treated ingot into a wire rod rough billet by means of hot extrusion; (5) Perform repeated crystallization treatment on the rough billet of the wire rod to eliminate the microstructure defects of the material and make the structure uniform, and perform hot extrusion to form a material; (6) Carry out annealing treatment at last, obtain the zinc-aluminum alloy anticorrosion material for thermal spraying; The second step: Spray the obtained zinc-aluminum alloy material on the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer: (1) Degreasing and sandblasting the surface of the substrate; (2) Thermal spraying of zinc-aluminum alloy materials onto the surface of the substrate to form an anti-corrosion layer by accumulation; (3) Seal the anti-corrosion layer; The conditions for heat treatment are: solid solution strengthening in the range of 334°C to 380°C for 3 to 10 hours, and then after water quenching, aging at 100 to 180°C for 1.5 to 8 hours; The specific method of repeated crystallization treatment is: heating the rough wire rod to 700°C, holding it for one hour, then performing quenching treatment, and then performing solution treatment in the range of 275°C to 382°C, and repeating the above process 5 to 10 times . 2. A method of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, during hot extrusion, the hot extrusion temperature is 380-420°C, and the speed is 15-30m/ min. 3. A method of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annealing condition is: heating the alloy material to 280-310°C for 0.5-2 hours, Perform annealing treatment. 4. A method of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, the surface of the base body is sandblasted to reach Sa3 level. 5. A method of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on a base material to form an anti-corrosion layer according to claim 1, wherein the thermal spraying method is as follows: the zinc-aluminum alloy material is melted by flame or electric arc, and the zinc-aluminum alloy material is melted by compressed air. The molten metal is atomized and sprayed onto the surface of the substrate, where it accumulates to form a coating. 6. a kind of method of spraying zinc-aluminum alloy on base material according to claim 5 forms anticorrosion layer, it is characterized in that, the technological condition by flame spraying is: Propane: 0.13-0.15Mpa; Oxygen: 0.5-0.6Mpa; Air: 0.5-0.6Mpa; Wire feeding speed: 12-13 rpm; Spray distance: 150-180mm; Spray angle: 90°±10°; The process conditions for arc spraying are: Voltage value: 22-32 volts; Current value: 140-220A; Spray distance: 150-180mm; Spray angle: 90°±10°.