CN103990809A - A kind of preparation method of HCO3-type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles - Google Patents
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical group C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical group [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015073 liquid stocks Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010307 liquid-reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,涉及一种纳米金属颗粒的制备方法,本发明通过加入某种分散剂,采用液相化学还原法,将可溶性二价铁或三价铁盐溶于蒸馏水(或蒸馏水与乙醇的混合液)中,形成铁盐溶液,然后采用带有强还原性的还原剂如硼氢化物直接将铁离子还原为单质铁。产物经过滤和洗涤后真空干燥,即得到具有纳米微观结构的分散性能较好的纳米铁粉末材料。该法制得的纳米铁颗粒呈球形,粒径小,粒度范围窄,具有一定的抗氧化性。该法生产的纳米铁颗粒分散性能良好,有效解决纳米铁颗粒容易团聚的问题;且产品纯度高,粒径小,粒径均匀,工艺简单易控,在常温常压下进行,符合生产实际需求。A method for preparing HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles, relates to a method for preparing nano-metal particles. The invention adds a certain dispersant and adopts a liquid-phase chemical reduction method to convert soluble ferrous iron or ferric iron The salt is dissolved in distilled water (or a mixture of distilled water and ethanol) to form an iron salt solution, and then a strong reducing agent such as borohydride is used to directly reduce iron ions to elemental iron. The product is vacuum-dried after being filtered and washed to obtain a nano-iron powder material with a nano-microstructure and good dispersion performance. The nano-iron particles prepared by the method are spherical, small in particle size, narrow in particle size range, and have certain oxidation resistance. The nano-iron particles produced by this method have good dispersion performance, which effectively solves the problem of easy agglomeration of nano-iron particles; and the product has high purity, small particle size, uniform particle size, simple and easy-to-control process, and is carried out under normal temperature and pressure, which meets the actual production needs .
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种纳米金属颗粒的制备方法,特别是涉及一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法。 The invention relates to a preparation method of nano metal particles, in particular to a preparation method of HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano iron particles.
背景技术 Background technique
纳米材料因其独特的性质在各个领域都有着广泛的应用。纳米铁因其介于宏观的常规细粉和微观的原子团簇之间的过渡区域,故呈现出一些独特的性质,其中一个重要的特性就是表面效应。由于粒径小,比表面积大,表面活性强,纳米铁在污染物修复中具有比普通铁粉更独特的优势。国外的许多研究表明纳米铁能还原去除水中的许多污染物,如溶解、性有机氯化物、PCBs和硝基苯类化合物等。 Nanomaterials are widely used in various fields because of their unique properties. Because of its transition region between macroscopic conventional fine powder and microscopic atomic clusters, nano-iron exhibits some unique properties, one of which is the surface effect. Due to its small particle size, large specific surface area, and strong surface activity, nano-iron has more unique advantages than ordinary iron powder in the remediation of pollutants. Many foreign studies have shown that nano-iron can reduce and remove many pollutants in water, such as dissolved organic chlorides, PCBs and nitrobenzene compounds.
由于纳米铁粒径小、活性强,易聚结、易氧化,因此常是现用现制,在制备和使用时都必须隔绝氧气,使用不方便,代价高,因此,在实际应用中受到限制,目前常用的制备方法有物理法和化学法。一些方法在理论上行得通,但实际操作条件要求很高,不容易做到。 Due to the small particle size, strong activity, easy coalescence, and easy oxidation of nano-iron, it is often used on the spot and must be isolated from oxygen during preparation and use. It is inconvenient to use and high in cost. Therefore, it is limited in practical applications. , the commonly used preparation methods are physical method and chemical method. Some methods are feasible in theory, but the actual operating conditions are very demanding and not easy to implement.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,本发明利用溶剂直接在液态还原过程中加入分散剂,有效阻止纳米铁颗粒的团聚,使生产出的纳米铁粒径小,分散均匀,粒径范围窄,具有良好的实际应用效果。而且工艺简单,成本低,便于进一步扩大生产规模。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles. The present invention uses a solvent to directly add a dispersant in the liquid reduction process to effectively prevent the agglomeration of nano-iron particles, so that the produced nano-iron particles Small diameter, uniform dispersion, narrow particle size range, and good practical application effect. Moreover, the process is simple, the cost is low, and it is convenient to further expand the production scale.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的: The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,所述方法包括如下制备过程: A method for preparing HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles, said method comprising the following preparation process:
(1)以可溶性二价铁或三价铁盐为原料,用蒸馏水或蒸馏水与乙醇混合溶液,体积比为7:3配置溶液,使其中铁离子浓度达到0.2-2mol/L; (1) Using soluble ferrous iron or ferric salt as raw material, use distilled water or a mixed solution of distilled water and ethanol with a volume ratio of 7:3 to prepare the solution so that the concentration of iron ions in it reaches 0.2-2mol/L;
(2)向(1)中加入表面活性剂,使其浓度达到0.2-0.4g/L,加入络合剂使其浓度达到0.002-0.005g/L; (2) Add surfactant to (1) to make the concentration reach 0.2-0.4g/L, add complexing agent to make the concentration reach 0.002-0.005g/L;
(3)向(2)中加入分散剂,使其体积比达到(1-2):100; (3) Add dispersant to (2) to make the volume ratio reach (1-2):100;
(4)配置硼氢化物水溶液,使其浓度为0.02-0.1mol/L; (4) Configure borohydride aqueous solution so that its concentration is 0.02-0.1mol/L;
(5)在(3)中所得溶液处于搅拌状态下,向其中滴入溶液(4),滴速为1-10ml/s,反应过程温度为室温,滴加溶液(4)至反应完全; (5) When the solution obtained in (3) is in a stirring state, drop the solution (4) into it, the dropping speed is 1-10ml/s, the temperature of the reaction process is room temperature, add the solution (4) dropwise until the reaction is complete;
(6)在(5)过程结束后,所得反应产物进行抽滤,并用蒸馏水及无水乙醇进行多次洗涤; (6) After the process in (5) ends, the reaction product obtained is subjected to suction filtration, and washed several times with distilled water and absolute ethanol;
(7)(6)所得产物经60℃真空干燥10-24h,即得到黑色分散纳米铁颗粒。 (7) (6) The obtained product is vacuum-dried at 60° C. for 10-24 hours to obtain black dispersed nano-iron particles.
所述的一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,所述二价铁盐为氯化亚铁,所述的三价铁盐为硫酸铁或氯化铁。 In the method for preparing HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles, the ferrous salt is ferrous chloride, and the ferric salt is ferric sulfate or ferric chloride.
所述的一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,所述表面活性剂为可溶性淀粉。 In the preparation method of the HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles, the surfactant is soluble starch.
所述的一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,所述络合剂为柠檬酸。 In the preparation method of the HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles, the complexing agent is citric acid.
所述的一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,所述分散剂为HCO3 -、即碳酸氢根离子型离子液体。 In the preparation method of the HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nanometer iron particles, the dispersant is HCO 3 - , ie bicarbonate ion type ionic liquid.
所述的一种HCO3 -型离子液体分散纳米铁颗粒制备方法,所述还原剂为硼氢化钠或硼氢化钾。 In the method for preparing HCO 3 -type ionic liquid dispersed nano-iron particles, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride.
本发明的优点与效果是: Advantage and effect of the present invention are:
1、合成的纳米铁颗粒材料分散性能良好,有效解决纳米铁颗粒团聚问题;且产品纯度高,粒径小,粒度均匀,具有一定的抗氧化性; 1. The synthesized nano-iron particle material has good dispersion performance, effectively solving the problem of nano-iron particle agglomeration; and the product has high purity, small particle size, uniform particle size, and certain oxidation resistance;
2、合成路线简单,工艺过程控制容易; 2. The synthetic route is simple and the process control is easy;
3、常温常压下进行生产制备过程,符合生产实际需要。 3. The production and preparation process is carried out under normal temperature and pressure, which meets the actual needs of production.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步详述。 Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
实施例1 Example 1
制备分散纳米铁颗粒,制备步骤为: Prepare dispersed nano-iron particles, the preparation steps are:
(1) 称取氯化铁,将其溶于蒸馏水中,配成铁离子浓度为0.8摩尔/升的溶液; (1) Weigh ferric chloride, dissolve it in distilled water, and make a solution with an iron ion concentration of 0.8 mol/liter;
(2) 在(1)中所得溶液中加入表面活性剂可溶性淀粉,使其浓度达到0.4克/升,加入络合剂柠檬酸,使其浓度达到0.004克/升; (2) Add surfactant soluble starch to the solution obtained in (1) to make the concentration reach 0.4 g/L, add complexing agent citric acid to make the concentration reach 0.004 g/L;
(3) 将HCO3 -(碳酸氢根离子)型离子液体原液稀释100倍后加入(2)所得溶液中,使其含量为0.5:100(体积比)。 (3) Dilute the HCO 3 - (bicarbonate ion) type ionic liquid stock solution by 100 times and add it to the solution obtained in (2) to make the content 0.5:100 (volume ratio).
(4) 称取硼氢化钠溶于蒸馏水中,配成硼氢化钠含量为0.02摩尔/升的溶液; (4) Weigh sodium borohydride and dissolve it in distilled water to prepare a solution with a sodium borohydride content of 0.02 mol/liter;
(5) 在(3)所得溶液处于搅拌状态下,将溶液(4)滴入进行还原反应,滴加速度为5毫升/秒,反应过程中温度控制在20摄氏度,直至反应完全; (5) When the solution obtained in (3) is in a stirring state, drop the solution (4) into the reduction reaction at a rate of 5 ml/s, and control the temperature at 20 degrees Celsius during the reaction until the reaction is complete;
(6) 在(5)反应结束后,将反应得到的固体产物抽滤,并用蒸馏水淋洗产物三次,无水乙醇淋洗产物三次; (6) After the reaction in (5), the solid product obtained by the reaction was suction filtered, and the product was rinsed three times with distilled water and three times with absolute ethanol;
(7) 将(6)所得产物于60摄氏度真空干燥10h,即可得到黑色的分散均匀的纳米铁颗粒。 (7) The product obtained in (6) was vacuum-dried at 60 degrees Celsius for 10 hours to obtain black uniformly dispersed nano-iron particles.
实施例2 Example 2
制备分散纳米铁颗粒,制备步骤为: Prepare dispersed nano-iron particles, the preparation steps are:
(1)称取硫酸铁,将其溶于蒸馏水和无水乙醇混合溶液(体积比=7:3)中,配成铁离子浓度为0.2摩尔/升的溶液; (1) Weigh ferric sulfate, dissolve it in a mixed solution of distilled water and absolute ethanol (volume ratio = 7:3), and make a solution with an iron ion concentration of 0.2 mol/liter;
(2)在(1)中所得溶液中加入表面活性剂可溶性淀粉,使其浓度达到0.2克/升,加入络合剂柠檬酸,使其浓度达到0.002克/升; (2) add surfactant soluble starch in the solution gained in (1), make its concentration reach 0.2 gram/liter, add complexing agent citric acid, make its concentration reach 0.002 gram/liter;
(3)将HCO3 -(碳酸氢根离子)型离子液体原液稀释100倍后加入(2)所得溶液中,使其含量为1:20(体积比)。 (3) Dilute the HCO 3 - (bicarbonate ion) type ionic liquid stock solution by 100 times and add it to the solution obtained in (2) so that the content is 1:20 (volume ratio).
(4)称取硼氢化钠溶于蒸馏水中,配成硼氢化钠含量为0.02摩尔/升的溶液; (4) Take sodium borohydride and dissolve it in distilled water to form a solution with a sodium borohydride content of 0.02 mol/liter;
(5)在(3)所得溶液处于搅拌状态下,将溶液(4)滴入进行还原反应,滴加速度为1毫升/秒,反应过程中温度控制在20摄氏度,直至反应完全; (5) When the solution obtained in (3) is in a stirring state, drip the solution (4) to carry out the reduction reaction, the dropping rate is 1 ml/s, and the temperature is controlled at 20 degrees Celsius during the reaction until the reaction is complete;
(6)在(5)反应结束后,将反应得到的固体产物抽滤,并用蒸馏水淋洗产物三次,无水乙醇淋洗产物三次; (6) After the reaction in (5), the solid product obtained by the reaction was suction filtered, and the product was rinsed three times with distilled water and three times with absolute ethanol;
(7)将(6)所得产物于60摄氏度真空干燥24h,即可得到黑色的分散均匀的纳米铁颗粒。 (7) Vacuum-dry the product obtained in (6) at 60 degrees Celsius for 24 hours to obtain black uniformly dispersed nano-iron particles.
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