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CN103987949A - 一种涡轮发动机的缩放喷嘴 - Google Patents

一种涡轮发动机的缩放喷嘴 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103987949A
CN103987949A CN201280060116.3A CN201280060116A CN103987949A CN 103987949 A CN103987949 A CN 103987949A CN 201280060116 A CN201280060116 A CN 201280060116A CN 103987949 A CN103987949 A CN 103987949A
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nozzle
section
cross
contraction
lid
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CN103987949B (zh
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马修·利科
吉恩·波图驰
马修·盖洛特
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02KJET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02KJET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/78Other construction of jet pipes
    • F02K1/82Jet pipe walls, e.g. liners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02KJET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K3/00Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
    • F02K3/02Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
    • F02K3/04Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
    • F02K3/06Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/70Shape
    • F05D2250/71Shape curved

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种涡轮发动机缩放喷嘴,该缩放喷嘴包括环形中心元件(36)和环形盖(40);其中,该环形盖同轴地安装在所述中心元件周围,以与所述中心元件配合为来自所述涡轮发动机的气流限定环形流动通道。在所述喷嘴的咽喉截面(44)和喷射截面(46)之间,所述中心元件和所述盖在纵向截面内的内部轮廓由具有各自曲率半径(γ36,γ40)的曲线(C36,C40)塑造,其中,γ36和γ40的绝对值相同。

Description

一种涡轮发动机的缩放喷嘴
背景技术
本发明涉及涡轮发动机喷嘴的一般领域。更准确地涉及缩放型喷嘴的几何轮廓。
本发明应用于飞机的旁路涡轮喷气发动机和涡轮螺桨发动机。
在已知的方式中,旁路涡轮喷气发动机的喷嘴包括中心体、主盖和次盖;其中,主盖同轴地安装在中心体周围,以与其配合为热气流限定主要流动通道;次盖同轴地安装在主盖周围,以与其配合为冷气流限定次要流动通道。当这种喷嘴是缩放型时,其主要通道的横截面和/或次要通道的横截面在其下游末端扩大之前沿下游减小。
同样地,涡轮螺桨发动机的喷嘴包括中心体和环形盖;该环形盖同轴地安装在中心体周围,以与其配合为来自涡轮螺桨发动机的热气流限定环形流动通道。当这种喷嘴是缩放型时,其通道的横截面在其下游末端扩大之前沿下游减小。
这种类型的缩放喷嘴有助于提高供料给该喷嘴的压缩机的可操作性(例如,旁路涡轮喷气发动机的喷嘴中的风扇)。特别地,对于给定的咽喉截面,缩放喷嘴能够获得起飞的流量,该流量可能比用单纯收敛喷嘴的更大。
然而,缩放型喷嘴的设计是困难和复杂的操作。对于喷嘴的几何轮廓的拙劣的设计能够使其空气动力学性能极大地降低,而对发动机的可操作性没有实现任何提升(也就是,在涡轮发动机的两个操作点之间通过喷嘴的流量的可控性方面)。
发明内容
因此,本发明的主要目的是通过提出缩放型喷嘴的特别的轮廓,来减少这些缺陷。该缩放型喷嘴在保持发动机可操作性的同时,能够增加喷嘴的空气动力学性能。
该目标可以由涡轮发动机缩放喷嘴来实现,该缩放喷嘴包括环形中心元件和环形盖;其中,该环形盖同轴地安装在所述中心元件周围,以与所述中心元件配合为来自发动机的气流限定环形流动通道;其中,根据本发明,在所述喷嘴的咽喉截面和喷射截面之间,所述中心元件和所述盖在纵向截面的各自的内部轮廓由具有各自曲率半径的曲线来塑造,其中,曲率半径的绝对值相同。
与缩放喷嘴的现有技术相比较,申请人观察到,使塑造喷嘴的中心元件(例如,可以是旁路涡轮喷气发动机的主盖)和喷嘴的盖(例如,可以是旁路涡轮喷气发动机的次盖)的各自的内部轮廓的曲线之间具有相同曲率半径(在绝对值方面),具有极大提升喷嘴空气动力学性能和发动机可操作性的重要性。
优选地,中心元件和盖在纵向截面中的各自的内部轮廓绕对称轴对称。
在这种情况下,对称轴相对于发动机的纵轴可以是倾斜的,并且对称轴与纵轴形成位于5°到20°范围内的角。
本发明还提供一种包括上文中定义的缩放喷嘴的旁路涡轮喷气发动机。
本发明还提供一种包括上文中定义的缩放喷嘴的涡轮螺桨发动机。
附图说明
本发明的其他特点和优点将参考以下附图描述而显现,附图中示出了不具有限制性的实施方式。在附图中:
图1是安装有本发明的喷嘴的旁路涡轮喷气发动机在纵向截面的半视图;
图2A是示出形成图1喷嘴的元件的各自的内部轮廓的图1的放大图;
图2B示出图2A喷嘴的各自的内部轮廓的实施方式。
具体实施方式
本发明应用于安装到涡轮发动机的任意缩放型喷嘴,特别应用于如图1所示的旁路涡轮喷气发动机10。
在图1中,旁路涡轮喷气发动机10具有纵轴12,并且包含气体涡轮核心14和环形引擎机舱(nacelle)16。环形引擎机舱16以轴12为中心并且同心地安装在核心周围。
在流经发动机的空气流的流动方向上,从上游到下游,核心14具有空气入口18、风扇20、低压压缩机22、高压压缩机24、燃烧室26、高压涡轮28以及低压涡轮30,这些元件的每一个都沿着纵轴12安装。
用于喷射由这样的发动机产生的气体的喷嘴32包括环形中心体34、环形主盖36和环形次盖40;其中,环形中心体34以发动机的纵轴12为中心;同轴地位于中心体周围的环形主盖36与环形中心体34配合限定主环形通道38;同轴地位于主盖周围的环形次盖40与环形主盖36配合限定次环形通道42;次环形通道42与主环形通道同轴(在图1的实施方式中,涡轮喷气发动机的引擎机舱16和喷嘴的次盖40由同一部分组成)。
喷嘴32是缩放型,也就是,其主通道38的横截面和/或次通道42的横截面在其下游末端扩大之前沿下游减小。在图1和2示出的例子中,这应用到次通道42,次通道42的横截面在其下游末端扩大之前沿下游减小。
而且,在以下的描述中,咽喉截面44定义为沿着喷嘴长度内次通道42的最小横截面。同样地,喷射截面46定义为在喷嘴下游末端的次通道的横截面。
本发明中,在喷嘴的咽喉截面44和喷射截面46之间、在主盖36和次盖40的纵向的截面中各自的内部轮廓由曲线C36和C40塑造的;曲线C36和C40各自的曲率半径是γ36和γ40,并且γ36和γ40的绝对值相同。
图2A更精确地示出了纵向平面(也就是,包括涡轮喷气发动机的纵轴的平面)中喷嘴的截面图。
在图2A中,主盖36的内部轮廓可在喷嘴的咽喉截面44和喷射截面46之间由曲线C36塑造;曲线C36可以是直角坐标系中y(x)型的方程式的形式。相同的方法应用到将次盖40的内部轮廓由曲线C40塑造。
表示主盖和次盖在纵向截面中的内部轮廓的位于咽喉截面和喷射截面之间的部分的曲线的各自的曲率半径γ36和γ40由这些曲线C36,C40的纵坐标y对于沿着曲线的轴向位置x的二次导数适当地获得,即:
γ ≈ d 2 y dx 2
本发明中,这些曲率半径γ36和γ40的绝对值相同(一个为正值,另一个为负值)。
图2B示出满足相同的各自曲率γ36和γ40条件的图2A喷嘴的主盖和次盖的各自的内部轮廓的实施方式。
首先,在纵向平面内画出直线D,其相对于涡轮喷气发动机的纵轴12成角α,该角α是设计参数。例如,角α位于75°到80°的范围内。
在线D和主盖36的内部覆盖层之间的交叉点定义了点A。然后画出其中心O在线D上的圆Ω,以使该圆Ω与主盖36的内部覆盖层相切(也就是,通过点A)。该圆的直径还有角α一起被选出来作为扩张比(divergence ratio)的函数;该扩张比是使发动机可操作所必需的(术语“扩张比”意指喷嘴的咽喉截面和喷射截面之间的比率)。位于圆Ω上相对于点O与A对称的点是点B。
然后画出对称轴Δ,该轴垂直于线D,并且通过点O。然后画出相对于对称轴与主盖36的内部轮廓C36对称的轮廓,以形成次盖的内部轮廓C40。这样,优选地,主盖和次盖的各自的内部轮廓呈现对称性(在纵向截面)。
而且,使用位于75°到80°范围内的角α,对称轴Δ形成相对于发动机的纵轴12的位于5°到20°范围内的角。
一旦主盖和次盖的内部轮廓已经以该方式在如图2B所示的纵向剖面画出,这些轮廓绕发动机的纵轴12旋转360°来定义旋转面。
在上述示例中,喷嘴是次通道中的缩放型喷嘴。当然,喷嘴可选择为主通道中的缩放型喷嘴;在这种情况下,相同曲率的条件将应用到中心体的轮廓和面对中心体的主盖的轮廓上。

Claims (5)

1.一种涡轮发动机缩放喷嘴,该涡轮发动机缩放喷嘴包括环形中心元件(36)和环形盖(40),其中,该环形盖同轴地安装在所述中心元件周围,以与所述中心元件配合为来自所述发动机的气流限定环形流动通道(42),该喷嘴的特征在于,在所述喷嘴的咽喉截面(44)和喷射截面(46)之间,所述中心元件和所述盖在纵向截面内各自的内部轮廓由具有各自曲率半径(γ36,γ40)的曲线(C36,C40)塑造,其中,所述曲率半径γ36和γ40的绝对值相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴,其中,所述中心元件的和所述盖的纵向截面中的各自的内部轮廓相对于对称轴对称。
3.根据权利要求2所述的喷嘴,其中,所述对称轴相对于所述发动机的纵轴(12)倾斜,并且所述对称轴与所述纵轴形成位于5°到20°范围内的角。
4.一种包括根据权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的缩放喷嘴的旁路涡轮喷气发动机。
5.一种包括根据权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的缩放喷嘴的涡轮螺桨发动机。
CN201280060116.3A 2011-12-07 2012-12-04 一种涡轮发动机的缩放喷嘴 Active CN103987949B (zh)

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FR1161282A FR2983917B1 (fr) 2011-12-07 2011-12-07 Tuyere convergente-divergente de turbomachine
FR1161282 2011-12-07
PCT/FR2012/052795 WO2013083908A1 (fr) 2011-12-07 2012-12-04 Tuyere convergente-divergente de turbomachine

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BR (1) BR112014013717B8 (zh)
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FR (1) FR2983917B1 (zh)
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EP2800889A1 (fr) 2014-11-12
RU2635863C2 (ru) 2017-11-16
BR112014013717B8 (pt) 2022-08-30
JP2015500939A (ja) 2015-01-08
FR2983917B1 (fr) 2013-12-27
FR2983917A1 (fr) 2013-06-14
EP2800889B1 (fr) 2019-09-18
US9683516B2 (en) 2017-06-20
US20150033747A1 (en) 2015-02-05
BR112014013717B1 (pt) 2022-05-17
CA2857927A1 (fr) 2013-06-13
JP6082960B2 (ja) 2017-02-22
WO2013083908A1 (fr) 2013-06-13
CN103987949B (zh) 2017-08-11
BR112014013717A8 (pt) 2017-06-13

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